Andy Warhol

波普艺术的案例作品在二十世纪五六十年代，英国和美国开始兴起波普艺术。

当时的艺术家以日常生活为灵感进行创作，波普艺术（pop art）便因此得名。

当时的Andy Warhol、Roy Lichtenstein、Richard Hamilton等艺术家纷纷对精英文化和高雅艺术传统产生质疑，并开始尝试从大众传媒和大众文化中汲取设计灵感。

他们运用饱和的色彩和大胆的线条对人们日常生活接触到的事物进行生动表现，反映了战后社会的乐观主义、物质主义、业余休闲和消费等等。

在这里我们将为你介绍十个波普艺术设计的技巧。

01.以物质主义和大众消费为主题物质主义和消费主义是波普艺术的中心主题，艺术家通过图像描绘战后富裕的物质生活，以此对资本主义进行赞扬或批判。

因此，波普艺术的设计常常从大众广告汲取图像设计灵感，融入其中的品牌名称或产品包装设计。

Sciencewerk为Bashas Market创建的视觉识别设计以百老汇为主题，运用了五颜六色的文本和符号设计来宣传一系列消费服务产品。

Adrian & Gidi设计的这个充满迈阿密风情的作品为Ici Paris XL贩售的一系列化妆品进行宣传。

在这个作品中，所有的包装和产品名都清晰地朝向观众展示，而且通过手袋、墨镜、汽车等小道具的衬托来突出产品的主体地位。

02.融入名人和明星文化波普艺术的另一大主题就是名人和明星文化。

好莱坞、电影、电视、杂志、报纸充斥着整个现代社会，因此，Andy Warhol说道：“在将来，人们只需要15分钟就能出名。

”就像五六十年代所有波普艺术元素一样，名人和明星是供大众消费的产物，其中最显著代表就是波普艺术作品中常常出现的玛丽莲梦露和埃维斯·普里斯利的形象。

《Vogue Italia》这期封面将东西方元素进行结合。

设计师Steven在作品中将Warhol的玛丽莲梦露形象的经典设计重新进行诠释。

Warhol的玛丽莲梦露系列同样为《Tatler》的封面设计带来灵感。

Andy Warhol (August 6, 1928 – February 22, 1987)the Prince of Pop. Warhol made his way from a Pittsburgh working class family to an American legend.Warhol's art encompassed many forms of media, including hand drawing, painting, printmaking, photography, silk screening, sculpture, film, and music.He is also notable as a gay man who lived openly as such before the gay liberation movement.The Pop artist loved cats, and images of them can be found in quite a few of his work. He has obsessed by the ambition to become famous and wealthy and he knew that he could achieve the American Dream only by hard work.In July of 1968. the pop artist was shot three times into the chest by a woman named Valerie Solanas, who appears in the Warhol’s film I, a Man. Warhol was seriously wounded by the attack and barely survived. The shooting had a profound effect on Warhol's life and art. Solanas was arrested the day after the assault.Andy Warhol died February 22, 1987 from complications after a gall bladder operation. More than 2000 people attended his Memorial Service.As I know, Andy Warhol’s 15 Minutes Eternal exhibition is now on display in Shanghai, this name is from his quote: everyone will be world-famous for 15 minutes. If you are interested in it, go and pay a visit. (2013年4月29日- 2013年7月28日 )。

a remarkable young person Andy Warhol后起之秀安迪·沃霍尔导语：安迪·沃霍尔（Andy Warhol,1928.8.6－1987.2.22，港台地区译为安迪‧沃荷）被誉为20世纪艺术界最有名的人物之一，是波普艺术的倡导者和领袖，也是对波普艺术影响最大的艺术家。

他大胆尝试凸版印刷、橡皮或木料拓印、金箔技术、照片投影等各种复制技法。

沃霍尔除了是波普艺术的领袖人物，他还是电影制片人、作家、摇滚乐作曲者、出版商，是纽约社交界、艺术界大红大紫的明星式艺术家。

插图：原文：Today, Andy Warhol’s associated with glamour, celebrity and decadence, but his childhood was very different. His parents were poor Slovakian immigrants and Andrew Warhola grew up in a slum ghetto during the Great Depression of the ‘30s, when Pittsburgh was a dirty, industrial, steelmaking city. This museum recreates life in the tenements where immigrant families like Andy’s lived. Food was often scarce, and Andy’s mum would sometimes make soup out of water and ketchup. A tin of Campbell’s tomato soup was a real treat.Andy later said that his childhood home was the most terrible place he’d ever been. When he was eight, he was struck down with a neurological disorder which kept him off school for nearly a year. It left him with the poor skin and thin hair that always embarrassed him, and the shyness he never overcome. He became an anxious social outcast, and rarely left the apartment. His mother, Julia, lavished attention on him, providing movie magazines, coloring-in books, comics as well as cut-out paper dolls. All of them influenced his work in later life. it’s almost as if the kitchen became his first artist’s studio, with his mum as his assistant. She would reward him with a chocolate bar when he finished a good drawing, and encourage him to make collages, color in, and read to him in her thick Czechoslovakian accent.注释：associate n.联想物recreate v.再创造steelmaking adj.钢铁制造的tenements n.房屋scarce adj.缺乏的ketchup n.番茄酱outcast n.被抛弃者collage n.剪贴画参考译文：现在安迪·沃霍尔是魅力名流和艺术颓废的代言人，但他的童年生活确实截然不同，他的父母是贫穷的斯洛伐克移民。

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安迪沃霍英文作文英文：Andy Warhol is one of the most famous American artists of the 20th century. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1928 and grew up in a working-class family. Warhol studied art at Carnegie Mellon University before moving to New York City in the 1950s.中文：安迪沃霍是20世纪最著名的美国艺术家之一。

他于1928年出生在宾夕法尼亚州的匹兹堡，并在一个工人阶级家庭中长大。

沃霍在卡内基梅隆大学学习艺术，后来在1950年代搬到了纽约市。

英文：Warhol is best known for his pop art, which used images from popular culture, such as soup cans and celebrities, to comment on society. He also created films, music, andperformance art. Warhol's work challenged traditional notions of art and helped to redefine what could be considered art.中文：沃霍最著名的作品是他的波普艺术，使用了来自流行文化的图像，如汤罐和名人，来评论社会。

他还制作了电影、音乐和表演艺术。

沃霍的作品挑战了传统的艺术观念，有助于重新定义什么可以被认为是艺术。

英文：One of Warhol's most famous works is his series of silkscreen prints of Marilyn Monroe. He used a photograph of the actress and repeated it multiple times in different colors. This work is a commentary on the cult of celebrity and the fleeting nature of fame.中文：沃霍最著名的作品之一是他的一系列玛丽莲·梦露丝的丝网印刷品。

Unit 4-Amazing art单元综合能力测试时间：100分钟满分：120分选择题部分第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

ASamuel Morse was born in Massachusetts USA. He started off his career as an inventor after being a painter and sculptor (雕塑家). He even earned a gold medal from the famous Adelphi Society of Arts for his first effort in sculpture, the “Dying Hercules”. He became the first president of the National Academy of Design, and became Professor of the Arts of Design in the University of the City of New York.Yet, this painter turned to inventing to make his fortune during a sea voyage. On this journey, Samuel Morse heard about many attempts to create usable telegraphs. He was fascinated by this problem and began to study books on physics for two years to gain more scientific knowledge. He realized that pulses (脉冲) of electrical current could carry information over wires.Thus the world’s first working model of a telegraph was born. His signaling device was quite simple. It consisted of a transmitter (containing a battery and a key), a small buzzer (蜂鸣器) as a receiver and a pair of wires connecting the two. Samuel Morse improved it by adding a switch and a second buzzer to allow transmission (传播) in the opposite direction as well.On May 24, 1844 Samuel Morse sent the first electronic message between Baltimore and Washington, “Look what God has enabled us to build, and benefit by. ”Seventeen years later, the two coasts of the United States were linked by telegraph. The telegraph continued to enjoy the position of being the fastest and most reliable means of communication for almost 140 years since its invention.1. From the passage we learn that Samuel Morse ______.A. was a famous sculptor at one timeB. was president of New York UniversityC. first discovered pulses of electrical currentD. became a millionaire after inventing the telegraph2. Samuel Morse wanted to invent a telegraph because ______.A. He was very interested in itB. He thought he was a talented inventorC. He thought he could make a fortuneD. He thought he would be famous3. The underlined phrase “the two” in paragraph 3 refers to ______.A. the battery and the keyB. the transmitter and the buzzerC. the wires and the batteryD. the receiver and the keyBPhotography(摄影) is a very popular art form. Anyone with a camera or a mobile phone can practice it. A picture communicates in a way that words often can’t.As the photographer Destin Sparks put it, “Photography is the story Ifail to put into words. ” And there’s no better chance to practice the artof photography than during our vacation time.Holiday photos have been a part of the culture of travelers for a long time. For decades, vacationers have made sure they’ve packed a camera along with bathing suits, Hawaiian shirts and sunglasses. A camera is an important holiday item. But over the last 10 years, photography has become much more popular. It’s easy to capture ( 捕捉) still and moving pictures of places of interest, and it’s also easy to show off these pictures on social media. Armed with their smart phones, tourists, this year more than ever, are capturing the beauty of our planet.Of course, travel companies have caught on to this. Trekksoft has an example of photo-tourism from the United States, a land with a vast choice of beautiful locations. Antelope Slot Canyon Tours in Arizona specializes in tours of the state’s famous canyons(峡谷), which gives photographers the chance to capture them on camera.Most of the tourists are able to make beautiful images with just their mobile phones. Still, help is on hand from the tour guide for those who aren’t great at using their cameras. These tour guides have taken a course in photography in case the skills they’ve learned would help their customers.4. According to the writer, which of the following can be the best time to practice photography?A. The time when people are traveling around.B. The time when people have no words to say.C. The time when you have a tour guide to help you.D. The time when you have a mobile phone with you.5. Why has photography become much more popular in the past ten years?A. More and more people have cameras.B. The planet is becoming more beautiful.C. Visiting places of interest becomes easy.D. Posting pictures on social media becomes easy.6. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. The beauty of our planet.B. The tourism in the United States.C. The popularity of holiday photography.D. The technology of photography.7. What is special about Antelope Slot Canyon Tours?A. Its wide choices.B. Its photo-tourism.C. Its best tour guide.D. Its great photography course.CKaren Bystedt was born in Israel, but lived in London and California as a child. In 1982, as a photography (摄影) student at New York University, she was photographing male models for a book when she came across an ad featuring Andy Warhol, a very famous artist. She thought it would be really great to put him in her book.So she called Andy Warhol at his studio in Union Square and asked if she could photograph him.Two weeks later, Bystedt took a rented Hasselblad camera and lights to Warhol’s famed “Factory” on 14th street. She ended up taking 36 pictures, and published two in her book, Not Just Another Pretty Face, published in 1983. Warhol came to its launch (发行) party—and that was the last time she saw him.A few years later, she packed the portraits in a box and moved to Los Angeles. But after she’d gotten settled, she couldn’t find them. She couldn’t remember whether she had given the photos away or just left them in some forgotten storage unit. Either way, she thought they were lost forever.In 2011, Bystedt became determined to find the missing films(底片). She spent two weeks going through two old garages, where she had put a bunch of belongings decades before.In a cardboard box, she found ten of the original films, covered in dust. She and a friend spent four months digitizing and cleaning the images up, pixel(像素) by pixel.Bystedt was not content to merely publish the unseen photos. She invited contemporary artists to paint over and around her Warhol pictures, breathing new life into her old work. So she began reaching out to artists, seeing if they would be interested in putting their own stamp on the pictures.The responses were overwhelming. Bystedt’s new exhibit, “The Lost Warhols”, opened on May 1, 2018 at 178 Sixth Avenue in Soho, New York, included 66 different interpretations of her portraits from 34 artists.8. After photographing Andy Warhol, Bystedt ______.A. never met the artist againB. published a book the following yearC. published all of his pictures in her bookD. decided to photograph some male models for a book9. According to the passage, the photos of Andy Warhol ______.A. were found missing soon after they were takenB. were taken when the artist was 19 years oldC. were found missing after Bystedt moved to Los AngelesD. were taken by Bystedt without the artist’s permission10. What did Bystedt do after the missing films were found?A. she published the unseen photos very quickly.B. she held a party for some artists to view the photos.C. she spent months repairing the films.D. she displayed the pictures to make a profit.11. What would be a suitable title for the passage?A. Photos of Andy Warhol Lost ForeverB. A S pecial Exhibit of Andy Warhol’s WorksC. Friendship Between an Artist and a PhotographerD. Unseen Portraits of Andy Warhol Lost and FoundDTime,wars and natural disasters have a bad effect on the artistic and cultural objects in the world.More than 1,000 years ago,a fire destroyed the Library of Alexandria in Egypt.In 1755,an earthquake destroyed Ribeira Palace in Lisbon,Portugal,along with artworks inside.In moderntimes,the Taliban destroyed the huge Bamiyan Buddhas in Afghanistan.As we all know,museums play an important part in our daily lives.They keep evidence of culture and history and exhibit great works.A major goal of most museums in the world is to make sure that important historical objects do not disappear forever.The Uffizi Gallery in Florence,Italy,holds 1,250 pieces of ancient Greek and Roman sculptures.These objects have inspired artists and historians for many years.So the museum is working to make a complete and permanent(永久的) record of the artworks.The project is an effort of both the museum and the scientists from Indiana University in the United States.The team is using technology to create digital copies(数字复制品) of the Uffizi’s ancient sculptures.The process is called photogrammetry.At one time,this process was slow and expensive.But not anymore,said Professor Robert Frischer.He said photogrammetry is now much faster and cheaper.Now they can gather 3-D data(数据) on a life-size sculpture in half an hour and they can process the data just in a couple of hours.The images allow the viewer to examine the sculpture from all sides.And when the viewer zooms in(用变焦距镜头放大),the image becomes clearer.The Uffizi hopes to have the collection completed and available on the Internet by 2020.12.What can we learn about photogrammetry?A.It is still expensive.B.It is a time-saving step now.C.It does great harm to the artworks.D.It was invented by Robert Frischer.13.What can we learn about the images?A.It’s impossible to make them larger.B.They will take the place of real sculptures.C.People can enjoy them online in the future.D.They can only show the front of the sculpture.14.What can we learn about some artworks?A.They have been badly damaged.B.They were destroyed by accident.C.They were not protected by humans.D.Most of them are kept in Italy now.15.Why do the Uffizi Gallery and Indiana University work together?A.To build the largest museum.B.To create long-lasting artworks.C.To introduce some ancient sculptures.D.To inspire more artists and historians.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

季版六年级上册英语教案-Unit 5 Famous People Lesson 33-34 人教新起点秋季版一、教学目标1.能够听懂、会说、读、写单词和词组：society, charity, surroundings, advertise, advert, advertisement.2.能够了解 Andy Warhol 的一些基本信息。

3.能够运用重点单词和词组，句型“Do you know…”和“Have you ever heard of…”询问和介绍别人。

二、教学重点1.学习 Andy Warhol 的基本信息和他在艺术和广告领域的成就。

2.运用重点单词和词组，进行介绍和询问。

三、教学难点1.掌握并运用句型“Do you know…”和“Have you ever heard of…” 介绍别人和了解别人的信息。

2.能够熟练使用重点单词和词组。

四、教学步骤1. 自我介绍及导入1.教师介绍自己，引导学生使用句型“Do you know…”和“Have you ever heard of…”了解教师。

2.学生分组一起介绍自己。

2. 学习艺术家Andy Warhol1.向学生介绍Andy Warhol，并通过图片和视频展示他的作品和风格。

2.了解Andy Warhol的家庭背景、学习经历和成就。

3. 学习重点单词和词组1.引导学生学习单词和词组：society, charity, surroundings, advertise, advert, advertisement2.分别讲解单词和词组的意思和用法，并进行示范和练习。

4. 运用重点词汇和句型介绍别人和了解别人的信息1.在课堂上，教师示范运用句型“Do you know…”和“Have you ever heard of…”介绍别人，同时运用重点词汇和词组。

2.学生分组互相介绍伙伴并用相应的句型和词汇。

5. 小结点评1.教师进行小结点评，回答学生的问题。

如何像天才一样思考 How to Think Like a Genius学着把你的大脑训练得和伟大的人物的一样按照统计学的表示，你不是一个天才。

很抱歉这样说，伙计！但这并不意味着就没有希望了。

有些人认为天才是与生俱来而非后天培养的，而且确实有一些证据来支持这种的观点。

但也的确有一些后天培养的因素在这里面，如果天赋完全靠与生俱来的话，那么Lucy应该会提前很长时间就搞清楚太阳能的问题了。

那么天才的所作所为与你有什么不同之处呢？也许有很多。

但是有一些东西你可以从他们身上学习来提升你自身的天赋。

而且谁知道你是不是正好有一荒谬的、打破常规的、惊天动地的、令人完全拜服的、创新的思维在内心酝酿呢，通过这些途径将帮助它释放出来。

Stephen Hawking .终日的坐在那里也许对提升你的智商有帮助----每当谈到如何进行重要问题思考的时候都会说休息是非常重要的。

但这对Hawking来说也许就不是问题了，因为他患有ALS。

他的思考方式：Stephen Hawking史蒂芬.霍金也许是名列天才名单中的最在人们意料之内的。

这与他那格外与众不同的思维方式无关。

毫无疑问他的天才是与生俱来的，但他也是一个格外努力工作的人。

参照他思考弦理论时候的方式，他说“很惭愧（他）把它们想象成一串奶酪了”。

如果这个方式对你不起作用的话，参照这个：“当你上当受骗的时候不要发怒。

我对待这类事的方式是不断地反思但是转去做一些别的事情；有时候发现前进的路需要多年的时间。

拿信息损失和黑洞来说，用了29年。

” Andy Warhol ?Andy Warhol（安迪?沃霍尔）也许是在天才名单之内排名第二古怪的人。

他的外号，破烂Andy，害羞的典型代表，头发蓬乱，而且（最坏的）是不擅言谈。

他是一个糟糕的演讲者，他在社交方面表现的十分笨拙，而且由于心理原因导致焦虑和混乱，在那时他还没有在DSMV。

他同时也如人们所知的是一个创造了许许多多“汤罐头”的天才。

Unit 3 The art of paintingBuilding skills◆内容分析：本板块围绕单元话题“绘画艺术”来展开听说读写的各项训练。

首先听一段录音，完成两个听力练习，了解著名的画家Salvador Dali，再接着鼓励同学们分享自己最喜欢的画家或画作。

之后阅读一篇介绍Andy Warhol在艺术方面的成就及影响的文章，回答相应的问题。

最后根据自己对艺术的理解，思考何为好的艺术，并阐述自己的观点。

◆教学目标：By the end of this section, students will be able to:1.Get familiar with the famous artists Salvador Dali and Andy Warhol;2.Collect some expressions to present your favourite painter or painting;3.Write an article to express their opinion on what good art is.◆教学重难点：1.To help students understand the listening materials and finish the listening task;2.To encourage students to express their opinions bravely;3.To guide students to finish their composition.◆教学过程：Step 1 Lead-inQ: Which famous Chinese and foreign painters or paintings do you know?Possible answers:•Self-Portrait by Van Gogh•The Girl with a Pearl Earring by Johannes Vermeer•Qi Baishi’s Shrimps•Premonition of Civil War by Salvador DaliStep 2 ListeningA1: Laura and Dan are talking about the artist Salvador Dali after their Art class. Listen to their conversation and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1. The teacher showed them a painting of soft watches in class. T/FT2. The painting shown by the teacher is one of Dali’s most famous works. T/FT3. Dan has not heard of the painter’s name before. T/FF (has not hear d → has heard)4. Dali was a famous Danish surrealist painter. T/FF ( Danish → Spanish)5. Dan thinks Dali probably had a distinctive personality. T/FT6. Dan will do some research on Dali right away. T/FF (right away → when he gets home/ do some research on Dali→ go to volleyball practice) A2: Laura leaves Dan a voice message after she has done some research on Dali. Listen to the message and complete the notes below.Salvador DaliDali the person•Dali was born in (1) 1904 in Spain.•Dali died in 1989.•Dali and his wife lived in Spain for (2) most of their lives.•They lived in the US for (3)about ten years.Dali the artist•Dali’s famous paintings include the persistence of Memory, Swans Reflecting Elephants and (4) The Burning Giraffe.•Dali was good at combining (5) fantasy and reality to make his paintings dreamlike.Dali was one of the most (6) productive artists of the 20th century.➢He created (7) more than/over 1,500 paintings.➢He also designed jewelry and (8) costumes, made sculptures and furniture, and dida little film-making and advertising.A3: In pairs, present your favourite painter or painting to each other. You may introduce the painter’s overall style first. Use the example below to help you and pay attention to the expressions in bold.While there are many painters I like, I would have to say that Wu Guanzhong is my personal favourite. There is something about his style that sets him apart from other painters.Wu Guanzhong’s painting style can be described as a mix of Western and Chinese painting traditions. However, his style is very modern: many of his paintings are strikingly simple, but also very elegant.Wu Guanzhong mastered the use of white space. My favourite painting is this one, called Zhou Villiage, in which he used this technique very effectively. Like many of his other works, it’s very stylish. Wu used a striking combination of black strokes and white space to depict traditional Chinese buildings in a water town. There is something beautiful and strange about the whitewashed houses in the painting: they rise up like mountains. Perhaps he wanted to create an impressive landscape painting to represent a simple small-town scene. The river is in the foreground, and at its centre is a small bridge. When you look at the painting, it is as if you were about to cross the bridge and enter another world.Useful expressions Array o ne’s personal favouriteset sb apart from othersbe described as …a mix of Western and Chinese painting traditiona striking combination of A and Bdepict sthcreate an impressive landscape paintingStep 3 ReadingB1: Andy Warhol’s painting are among the most recognizable artworks of the 20th century. Read the article about Warhol’s influence on art and answer the questions below.1.What can be considered art according to pop artists?Pop artists believed that art could (and should) be made with recognizable, mass-produced, “popular” items that surround us.2.In what ways did Andy Warhol change people’s understanding of art?By showing recognizable, mass-produced, “popular” items in his painting, Warhol made people think about ordinary objects in a new way.Step 4 WritingB2: Andy Warhol redefined art and made people think of art in a new way. What do you think is good art? Write an article to express your opinion.Possible answer:What is good art?What is good art? This is a difficult question to answer, but I believe that an artist needs both technical skills and creative talent to produce a masterpiece.To begin with, the technical skill of the artist is extremely important. The reason why we still admire painters such as Wang Meng several hundred years after his death is that he was a technically skilled painter. Many artists today have great ideas, but they lack the skills needed to create a true masterpiece.In addition, I believe that creativity is the most component of a good art: artists need to create something new. For instance, Vincent van Gogh looked at simple everyday subjects, such as sunflowers, and made innovative paintings that still astonish viewers today. Every artist should aspire to reach that level of creativity. While a painter may be technically skilled, his or her paintings cannot be called good art if they are simply copies of existing designs.Finally, I believe that a piece of art needs to be a one-of-a-kind object: it cannot be a mass-produced item. A unique artwork, hand-made by a skilled artist, is something very different form artworks created for mass production. In short, true art cannot be made in a factory—creating a masterpiece requires skill, talent and the careful work of a human artist.In summary, good art is dependent on why and how it is created. The important thing is that the artwork reveals the artist’s own ideas, techniques and motivations, rather than something that he or she has copied from another artist.教学反思。

作品相关前言不能拥有权力驾驭他人、掌控事物，对我们来说通常是难以忍受的，人们往往会因此感到无助和悲哀。

没有人希望权力减弱，人人都渴望更大的权力。

但是在当今世界上，对权力显得过于饥渴，公然而毫不掩饰地追逐权力，却是会招致危险的，因此，你一定得当众表现出光明正大、体面、优雅。

但同时我们还应该机敏而巧妙——既―适宜‖又―狡诈‖，既―民主‖又―迂回‖。

这种永远遵循着―口是心非‖原则的权力游戏，在古代尔虞我诈、相互倾轧的贵族宫廷里表现得尤为突出。

纵观历史，每一个宫廷故事都是围绕着大权在握的国王、女王、皇帝和首领展开的。

宫廷内的朝臣们常常处于这样微妙而复杂的境地：一方面，他们必须伺候主子，讨好奉承；另一方面，如果他们谄媚拍马得过于明显，别的朝臣就会注意和警惕，并采取敌对的行动。

因此，要赢得主子的欢心和垂青，必须手段高明巧妙，使他人难以察觉，而这些娴熟高超的手腕还可以保护自己，防备那些处心积虑想把你拉下马的同僚。

然而，宫廷一向被认为是代表高度文明和优雅的地方，任何的暴力手段或公然恃强凌弱都会引起不满。

因此，朝臣们都是默默而隐秘地行动，反对他们之中以权势压人的人。

这样朝臣们就处于一种进退两难的境地——既要充分表现出优雅和高贵，又必须以最高妙的手段挫败那些实力强劲的对手。

久经考验、成功取胜的朝臣们学会了每一个步骤都要巧妙迂回。

如果要在对手的背上插入一刀，就必须“手上戴着天鹅绒的手套，脸上挂着最甜美的微笑”。

他们不会仗势强逼，也不会公然背叛，那些最高明的朝臣会通过诱惑、魅力、欺骗和巧妙的计策达到自己的目的，而且总会事先设计好几步棋。

宫廷生活是永无休止的权力争斗游戏，需要不松懈的警惕和精明的战术考虑。

它更是一场文明的战争。

今天我们所面临的权力争斗与古代朝臣的矛盾处境极其相似：一方面我们所做的一切都要表现得文明、高尚、民主和公平；另一方面，如果我们过于严守这些游戏规则，过于迂腐地从字面上理解规则，我们就会被身边那些聪明的对手打得一败涂地!正如文艺复兴时期伟大的外交家和宫廷大臣马基雅维利（Niccolo Machiavelli）所写的:―任何一位试图永远为善的人，必定会毁灭在那些有意为恶的人手中。

艺界狂鲨——达米恩融入一场简单抽象派艺术展览的背景之中并不容易，但达米恩·赫斯特(Damien Hirst)在某种程度上做到了。

2012年1月的一个雨夜，一群时尚人士在曼哈顿清冷的高古轩画廊里穿梭，浏览墙上挂着的赫斯特的“点点画”系列，这些作品都是以纵横交错的彩色小点构成的。

参观者同时还在空旷的展厅里搜寻这位艺术家的身影。

有个家伙挥着一本介绍赫斯特作品的书，炫耀刚刚到手的艺术家签名。

向一位保安人员询问他最后一次看到赫斯特是在哪里，他说：“去礼品店看看吧。

”这位艺术家的重要课题就是拿自己拥有的天赋赚钱，礼品店确实是个合适的去处。

赫斯特曾经说过，人们买下他创作的斑点主题墙纸“会让我觉得劲头十足”。

店里就有一些墙纸待售，相关商品还有滑板(735美元)、咖啡杯(28美元)和信用卡套(8美元)。

2000年，赫斯特对《独立报》说：“我觉得成为名人是生活中很重要的部分。

”现年47岁的赫斯特说服买家为他那些大胆创新的作品付出高价：用烟蒂和活体解剖的动物做成的艺术品，甚至还有一个用铂金铸造并镶钻的人类头骨。

他最著名的作品《生者对死者无动于衷》——一条密封在甲醛溶剂中的虎鲨——卖给了对冲基金经理、亿万富豪斯蒂夫·科恩(Steve Cohen)，售价为1200万美元。

赫斯特的作品十分抢手，他依赖众多助手团队来“生产”作品，像时装设计师一样打造不同的产品线。

赫斯特的追随者盛赞他别出心裁的沃霍尔(波普艺术大师)式的颠覆性。

但安迪·沃霍尔(Andy Warhol)生前从来没有一幅画作卖出5万美元以上的高价，而赫斯特却因他的艺术表现形式获得了可观的收益。

伦敦的《星期日泰晤士报》估计他的身家约为3.5亿美元，堪称世界最富有的艺术家。

2012年1月的那场展览主题为“点画大全”，是赫斯特那位有影响力的艺术品经销商拉里·高古轩(Larry Gagosian)的手笔，后者在他遍布世界各地的11家画廊同时推出这场展览。

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷Ⅲ)英语第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

1. Why was the woman in the supermarket?A. To buy some fruit.B. To meet Nancy.C. To look for her baby.2. Where does the conversation take place?A. In a church.B. On a bus.C. At the beach.3. What are the speakers talking about?A. Cooking.B. World news.C. The weather.4. What is the man trying to tell Jane?A. Be careful next time.B. Cheer up and move on.C. work hard but stay healthy.5. What is the woman doing?A. Making an invitation.B. Asking for assistance.C. Offering a suggestion.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听第6段材料，回答第6～7题。

6. Why does the man call Jennifer?A. To discuss a plan.B. To arrange a trip.C. To say goodbye.7. What did the speakers do last Friday?A. They had dinner together.B. They visited some friends.C. They went to San Francisco.听第7段材料，回答第8～10题。

五年级英语文化常识单选题40题(含答案)1.In which festival do people usually give chocolates and flowers?A.ChristmasB.Valentine's DayC.HalloweenD.Easter答案：B。

解析：情人节的时候人们通常会送巧克力和鲜花。

圣诞节人们通常送礼物，但不一定是巧克力和鲜花。

万圣节人们会要糖果等，但不是巧克力和鲜花。

复活节人们会送彩蛋等，也不是巧克力和鲜花。

2.Which festival is related to pumpkins?A.ThanksgivingB.ChristmasC.HalloweenD.Easter答案：C。

解析：万圣节和南瓜有关，人们会雕刻南瓜灯。

感恩节通常和火鸡等有关。

圣诞节和圣诞树、礼物等有关。

复活节和彩蛋等有关。

3.In which festival do people usually have a big meal with turkey?A.ChristmasB.Valentine's DayC.ThanksgivingD.Halloween答案：C。

解析：感恩节人们通常会吃一顿有火鸡的大餐。

圣诞节人们通常有圣诞大餐，但不一定是火鸡。

情人节人们会送礼物等，没有火鸡大餐。

万圣节人们会要糖果等，也没有火鸡大餐。

4.Which festival is on December 25th?A.ChristmasB.Valentine's DayC.ThanksgivingD.Halloween答案：A。

解析：圣诞节是在12 月25 日。

情人节是2 月14 日。

感恩节是11 月的第四个星期四。

万圣节是10 月31 日。

5.Which festival is related to eggs?A.ChristmasB.Valentine's DayC.HalloweenD.Easter答案：D。