“特殊疑问词动词不定式”的用法归纳
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“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”的用法归纳
一.由两部分构成:疑问词和动词不定式(wh-+to do)。疑问词部分包括疑问代词who,whom, what, which和whose以及疑问副词when, where和how。此外,连接词“whether”也适用.它主要具有以下几种功能:
按照英语语法的习惯,疑问副词why后不直接跟动词不定式,如:
误:I don’t knowwhytochoose thatdictionary.
正:Idon’tknowwhy you mustchoosethatdictionary.
但它可以接不带to的动词不定式,即动词原形,构成why do sth./whynot dosth.肯定形式是表示某动作是不必要的或没有意义的,而否定形式是表示向某人提建议和表达看法,相当于祈使句。
⑴当主语,如:
●Whento hold themeetinghas notyetbeen decided.
● Where toliveis a problem.
⑵当宾语,常接在forget, findout, discuss,decide,tell,teach, know,learn,wonder,remember等动词之后作宾语如:ﻫ●Wemust knowwhatto say at a meeting.ﻫ● Hecould not tellwhomto trust.
● Do you knowhow to play bridge?
⑶当表语,如:ﻫ● The problemiswheretofindthe financialaid. ﻫ● The question is whotoelect.
⑷当名词同位语,如:
●Tomhad no idea whichbook toreadfirst. ﻫ● The questionwhetherto confess troubledthe girl.
5.—Idon’tknow ____ to do with this mathsproblem. It’stoo hard.
— You canaskyourclassmatesorteachers for help.
A.whichB.how
C. whatD.when
6. — Millie, could you give me someadvice? Idon’tknow ____.
A. how to doitB. howto do
C.whatto doitD.whatshould I do
4.—How are youfeeling here?
—It’s quite hot.Idon’t know ____togoor stay.
A.howB.when
C.whetherD.where
Whichtochooseisimportant.=Which weshouldchooseisimportant.
Thequestionis whereto go.= Thequestioniswhere we shouldgo.
三、“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”这种结构可构成独立问句。如:
What to do?怎么办?ﻫ How to get rid ofthe trouble?如何摆脱困境?
2. —Willyouplease show me howtodotherole-playexercise?
—Sure.Nowlet metell you____first.
A. whichtodoB. howtodo
C.whentodoD. whattodo
3.I need yourhelpbecause Idon’t know____.
⑸用于宾语补足语,双重宾语。某些动词后可接“sb.+疑问词+不定式”构成的双重宾语,这类动词常用的有advise,ask,show, teach,tell等如:
● I cantellyou whereto getthis book.
● I askher how tolearn English.
●Hewill adviseyouwhat todo.
Today isSunday.Whynotgooutto relax yourself?
Whypay moreat other shops? Wehavethebest value.
练习:
1.I have noideawhen___herthebadnews.
A. will tell B. telling C. tellD.to tell
Della hadonly$1.87 with which to buyJimapresent.德拉仅有$1.87为来吉姆买一件礼物。(which是关系代词)
Youhaveanumberoftopics from which to choose.你有很多题目可以选择。(which是关系代词)
二“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”这种结构可以把复பைடு நூலகம்句转为简单句。
如:I don’tknowwhat I’ll donext.= I don’tknowwhatto donext.
Thedoctor told himwhenheshouldtake the medicine.=The doctor toldhimwhen to takethe medicine.
同样,因为“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”这种结构相当于一个名词性从句,所以可用同等成分的从句代替,从而把简单句转换为复合句。改写时只需在疑问词后加上适当的主语,并把不定式改为适当的形式的谓语即可。如:
●Willyoushowme howtouse themachine?
(6)作介词宾语:某些介词后面可接"疑问词+不定式"作宾语,这类介词常用的有about, as, from,in, of,on,with等。例如:
Hehasnoidea of howto answer thisquestion.他不知道怎样回答这个问题。