The clitic climbing - information structure connexion

甘肃省兰州第一中学20212021学年高二英语下学期期中试题（含解析）英语说明：本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，满分120分。

考试时刻100分钟。

答案写在答题卡上，交卷时只交答题卡。

第I卷选择题（共60分）第一节 (共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出最佳选项。

AShanghai Disneyland ParkTickets for Shanghai Disneyland Park will be on sale from March 28, 2021. Visitors can book tickets on the official website of the park or by calling400-180-0000 or 86-21-31580000.Shanghai Disneyland Park, located in Chuansha New Town of Pudong New Area,is officially confirmed to open on June 16th, 2021. As the sixth in the world and the second in China (after Hong Kong Disneyland), Shanghai Disneyland creates many records among the existing Disney parks.It has the tallest theme Castle – magical Storybook Castle, the first garden-designed zone, and the first pirate-themed garden. It also combines movie figures with Chinese culture, like the Chinese Zodiac Murals in the Gardens of Imagination. Visitors can also enjoy classical musicals and stage plays, like Tarzan: Call of the Jungle, Frozen: A Sing-along Celebration, and the Lion King. Mickey's Storybook Express cruises through the six parks during the day. With inspiring music, the movie figures put on interesting performances on the street and give guests an unforgettable great time.Admission FeeNote:Children below 3.3 feet (1 meter) can enter for free when accompanied by an adult.Children between 3.3 and 4.6 feet ( 1 - 1.4 meters) and seniors above 65 years old can enjoy a 25% discount.1. When will Shanghai Disneyland Park open officially?A. On June 16th, 2021.B. On March 28th, 2021.C. On June 30th, 2021.D. On March 29th, 2021.2. What can we know about Shanghai Disneyland Park?A. You can book your tickets on all websites.B. It has the 2nd tallest theme Castle in China.C. You can enjoy classical films like Tarzan.D. It creates something different from the others.3. If the Browns with their son (4 feet) want to visit the park on Oct.1 and 2 , how much should they pay?A. About CNY 2500B. About CNY 2600C. About CNY 2700D. About CNY 3000【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B【解析】本文对上海迪士尼乐园的园区设施和门票价格进行了介绍。

北京市房山区2023-2024学年九年级上学期期末英语试卷（解析版）一、单项填空，从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1．（0.5分）My brother likes basketball very much.Yao Ming is_______favourite basketball star.（）A．my B．her C．his D．their2．（0.5分）China's Shenzhou﹣16 astronauts completed their tasks very well and returned to Earth safely________October 31，2023.（）A．at B．in C．on D．to3．（0.5分）﹣﹣﹣Mr．Smith，_______ is the new bridge？﹣﹣﹣Oh，let me see!It's about 800 metres．（）A．how old B．how long C．how much D．how often 4．（0.5分）Taxi Apps（打车软件）can help us travel around more easily，more and more people like using them.（）A．or B．so C．for D．but5．（0.5分）﹣﹣What do you think of the film you saw yesterday？﹣﹣Oh．It's one of __________ films I've ever seen．（）A．interestingB．more interestingC．most interestingD．the most interesting6．（0.5分）—Must I finish the job this Friday？—No，you ________.You can finish it next Monday.（）A．can't B．shouldn't C．needn't D．mustn't7．（0.5分）—You look so happy.What happened？—I______an A in my English exam yesterday.（）A．got B．getC．will get D．am getting8．（0.5分）—Peter，what were you doing at this time last night？—I________my mother prepare the dinner at that time.（）A．help B．will helpC．was helping D．am helping9．（0.5分）We________a gardening class next week and we'll learn how to beautify our school.（）A．have B．will haveC．had D．are having10．（0.5分）—Is your sister a teacher，Mary？—Yes，she________in Beijing Academy since 2013.（）A．worked B．is workingC．will work D．has worked11．（0.5分）Nowadays，the program China in the Classics on CCTV becomes popular and it________by more and more people.（）A．watches B．watchedC．was watched D．is watched12．（0.5分）—Do you know_________on weekends？I'd like to go there with my friends this weekend.—Yes，I do.It opens at 8：00 a.m.（）A．when the National Museum opensB．when does the National Museum openC．when the National Museum openedD．when did the National Museum open二、完形填空，阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。

Abstract: The analyses of the retrospective database of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), consisting of more than 81,000 evaluable patients diagnosed with lung cancer between 1990 and 2000, formed the basis of recom-mendations to the Union for International Cancer Control and the American Joint Committee on Cancer for the revision of the sixth edition of the tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) classification of lung cancer. However, despite the large number of patients, not all descriptors could be validated. This prompted a new collection of retrospective and prospective data to overcome the limitations of the original retrospective database. The new IASLC database has infor-mation on 94,708 new patients diagnosed of lung cancer between 1999 and 2010. They originated from 35 sources in 16 countries, and 4,667 were submitted via the online electronic data capture system. Europe contributed 46,560 patients, Asia: 41,705, North America: 4,660, Australia: 1,593, and South America: 190. After exclusions, 77,156 (70,967 with nonsmall cell lung cancer and 6,189 with small cell lung cancer) remained for analysis. This database will be ana-lyzed according to established objectives for the T, the N, and the M components to inform the eighth edition of the TNM classification of lung cancer due to be published in 2016. The IASLC hopes for the continuing contribution of our partners around the world to improve the classification of anatomical extent of disease, but also to create prognostic groups in a parallel project of the IASLC Staging and Prognostic Factors Committee.Ke y Words: Lung cancer, Lung cancer databases, Lung cancer staging, Nonsmall cell lung cancer, Small cell lung cancer, TNM classification.(J Thorac Oncol. 2014;9: 1618–1624)The call for action launched during the International Workshop on Intrathoracic Staging, that took place in London, United Kingdom, in October 19961 to revise and improve the tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) classification of lung cancer, resulted in an unprecedented response from groups and institutions around the world. By 2005, data on 100,869 patients diagnosed of lung cancer between 1990 and 2000 were submitted to the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) database at Cancer Research And Biostatistics (CRAB). These data originated from 46 different sources in 20 countries of Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia. After exclusions, 81,495 patients were available for analyses: 68,463 with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 13,032 with small cell lung cancer (SCLC).2 From the analyses of these data, a series of research articles on the T,3 the N,4 and the M 5 components of the TNM clas-sification were peer-reviewed and published in the Journal of Thoracic Oncology for public discussion. In a similar manner, a revised stage grouping was proposed,6 the new findings were internally and externally validated,7 and the TNM classifica-tion was tested and validated for SCLC 8,9 and, for the first time in the history of the anatomical staging of malignant tumors, for broncho-pulmonary carcinoids.10 In addition, a new lymph node map, resulting from an international and multidisci-plinary consensus and reconciling the differences of the pre-vious ones, was proposed for prospective validation;11 and a new definition of visceral pleura invasion was agreed based on the published data.12 The nonanatomic information included in the database was used to create prognostic groups before and after surgical treatment based on the combination of ana-tomic staging and very simple clinical variables, such as age, gender, and performance status.13,14 The recommendations for changes in the TNM classification of lung cancer derived from the analyses of the IASLC database (Table 1) were submittedDOI: 10.1097/JTO.0000000000000334Copyright © 2014 by the International Association for the Study of Lung CancerISSN: 1556-0864/14/0911-1618The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: The New Database to Inform the Eighth Edition of the TNM Classification of Lung CancerRamón Rami-Porta, MD, FETCS,*† V anessa Bolejack, MPH,‡ Dorothy J. Giroux, MS,‡Kari Chansky, MS,‡ John Crowley, PhD,‡ Hisao Asamura, MD,§ Peter Goldstraw, MBChB, FRCS,║ on behalf of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Staging and Prognostic FactorsCommittee, Advisory Board Members and Participating Institutions¶*Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, University of Barcelona; †CIBERES Lung Cancer Group, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; ‡Cancer Research And Biostatistics, Seattle, WA; §Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; and ║Department of Thoracic Surgery, Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; ¶Members of the Staging and Prognostic F actors Committee are listed in the Appendix 1.Disclosure: The authors declare no conflict of interest.Address for correspondence: Ramón Rami-Porta, MD, FETCS, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Plaza Dr. Robert 5, 08221 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain. E-mail: rramip@yahoo.es I ASLC S tagIng C ommIttee a rtICleJournal of Thoracic Oncology ® • Volume 9, Number 11, November 2014IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project to the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) andthe American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), and wereaccepted and subsequently published in the seventh edition oftheir staging manuals.15,16 At the same time, the IASLC pro-duced the Staging Handbook in Thoracic Oncology and theStaging Manual in Thorac ic Onc ology including the TNMclassifications of lung cancer and mesothelioma, the generalrules of the TNM classification, site-specific rules for lungcancer and mesothelioma, and complementary chapters onsurvival analyses, prognostic factors, frequently asked ques-tions and the history of the TNM classification since its incep-tion by Pierre Denoix in the mid 20th century.17,18 With thiscontribution, the IASLC became the primary source of data-based evidence to revise subsequent editions of the UICC andthe AJCC TNM classifications of thoracic malignancies.Despite the vastness of the IASLC database, not alldescriptors of the T, the N, and the M components of the ana-tomical classification could be validated. The main reason wasthat many of the original datasets of the contributing databaseshad not been designed to study the TNM classification. Theresulting lack of detailed data prevented the analyses of manydescriptors. For the T component, only could tumor size, addi-tional tumor nodule(s) and pleural effusion be analyzed reli-ably. For the N component, the present categories could bevalidated in the clinical and pathological staging. However, theTABLE 1. Innovations Introduced in the seventh Edition of the Tumor, Node, and Metastases Classification of Lung CancerDescriptor/TNM Category/Stage inthe sixth EditionCategory/Stage inthe seventh EditionTumor size ≤ 2 cm T1T1a Tumor size > 2 cmbut ≤ 3 cmT1T1bTumor size > 3 cmbut ≤ 5 cmT2T2aTumor size > 5 cmbut ≤ 7 cmT2T2b Tumor size > 7 cm T2T3 Additional tumor nodule(s)in the same lobe of theprimary tumorT4T3Additional tumor nodule(s)in another ipsilateral lobeM1T4Pleural dissemination(malignant pleuraleffusion and separatedpleural nodules)T4M1aPericardial dissemination(malignant pericardialeffusionand separated pericardialnodules)N/A M1aIntrathoracic metastases M1M1a Extrathoracic metastases M1M1b T2b N0 M0IB IIA T2a N1 M0IIB IIA T4 N0-1 M0IIIB IIIA TABLE 2. Number of Cases Submitted by Each Data Source, by ContinentRegion Data Source EDC Source N Asia EDC Guangdong General Hospital, China739Shanghai Lung Tumor ClinicalMedical Center, China51Japan 199913,344Japan 200214,695Japan 200410,889South Korea1,987 Australia EDC Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre4 PrinceCharles229Sydney1,360 Europe Belgrade,Serbia88 Denmark33,949EDC Athens School of Medicine, Greece39Clinical Center of Serbia, Serbia40GCCB-S, Spain2,362L’Institut MutualisteMontsouris, France120Military Medical Academy, Serbia20Antwerp University Hospital,Multidisciplinary OncologicalCentre Antwerp (MOCA), Belgium195University Hospital Ghent, Belgium85University of Torino, Italy4Norway2,354Turkey7,304 North andSouthAmericaEDC Alexander Fleming Institute, Argentina6Clinica y Maternidad Suizo Argentina,Argentina3Fundación ClínicaValle del Lili, Colombia2Good Samaritan Hospital, USA10Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires,Argentina68Hospital Universitario Austral,Argentina46Hospital Universitario-FundaciónFavaloro, Argentina36Hospital de RehabilitaciónRespiratoria, Argentina14Mayo Clinic Rochester, USA47New Y ork University Langone MedicalCenter and Cancer Center, USA688Penrose Cancer Center, USA73University of Sao Paulo MedicalSchool, Brazil15MDACC,USA2,415MSKCC,USA1,427 Global Total94,708GCCB-S, Grupo Cooperativo de Carcinoma Broncogénico de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica; NYU, New Y ork University; MDACC, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; MSKCC, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.Rami-Porta et al.Journal of Thoracic Oncology ® • Volume 9, Number 11, November 2014new information on the prognostic impact of nodal tumor bur-den represented by the number of involved nodal zones found at pathological staging could not be used to modify the N cat-egories because it could not be validated at clinical staging, by geographical regions or by the different T categories. Finally, in the M component, although there was enough information to separate intrathoracic from extrathoracic metastases, noth-ing could be said about the prognostic impact of number and site of metastases.19 These limitations prompted the IASLC Staging and Prognostic Factors Committee to launch a second phase of its Lung Cancer Staging Project with the objective to overcome the limitations of the initial project,20 and to restruc-ture its membership (Appendix 2).THE NEW IASLC DATABASEThe new database, the analyses of which will inform the eighth edition of the TNM classification of lung cancer, consists of 94,708 patients diagnosed from 1999 to 2010. Their data originated from established databases (90,041 patients) or were submitted via the electronic data capture (EDC) system set by Cancer Research And Biostatistics (4,667 patients). The EDC allows the contributors to submit data online and retrieve their own data for their own stud-ies at any time. Europe contributed 46,560 patients, Asia: 41,705, North America: 4,660, Australia: 1,593, and South America: 190. These new data came from 35 sources in 16 countries (Table 2). After excluding 17,552 patients, mainly because of unknown or different histology and incomplete stage information, 77,156 patients (70,967 with NSCLC and 6,189 with SCLC) remained for analyses (Table 3). The majority of these patients (99%) had been collected by con-sortia or registries. There were no patients from clinical tri-als (Table 4). Nearly 85% of the patients underwent surgical treatment either alone or in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy (Table 5). This is reflected in the stage dis-tribution of NSCLC: except in Europe, where there is pre-dominance of advanced stages, early stages are predominant, especially in Asia; for SCLC, advanced stages are predomi-nant, as expected (Figure 1).This new database is being analyzed according to con-crete objectives for each of the T, the N, and the M compo-nents of the classification. In essence, the principal aims are to further explore and analyze the impact on prognosis of tumor size and of the different T descriptors; the prognostic signifi-cance of tumor burden in hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes; and the confirmation of the revised M1 categories (M1a and M1b) of the seventh edition of the classification along with the prognostic impact of number and anatomic location of metastases.20 For this phase of the study, in addition to the data elements collected in the initial phase,2 the descriptorsTABLE 3. Number of Cases Submitted to the Database, With Exclusions and the Numbers Remaining for Analysis Submitted94,708 Excluded17,552C arcinoids745O ther or unknown histology5,986O utside 1999–2010 timeframe525I ncomplete survival data938I ncomplete stage information9,286M ultiple synchronous tumors72 Included in initial analyses77,156N SCLC70,967S CLC6,189TABLE 4. Number of Cases Analyzed by Type of Data SourceOther EDC Total Data source typeC onsortium41,5482,08943,637 R egistry26,12226,122 S urgical series5,3735925,965 I nstitutional series1,1851,185 I nstitutional registry208208 U nknown3939 Total73,2513,90577,156 Consortium: group of institutions where all individuals diagnosed with lung cancer are registered. Registry: all individuals diagnosed with lung cancer in a defined region, including those diagnosed at death. Surgical series: all individuals diagnosed with lung cancer and treated by a particular surgeon or unit. Institutional series: same as consortium, but in a single institution; may be limited to a specific treatment specialty or specialties. Institutional registry: all individuals diagnosed with lung cancer and admitted to a particular institution are registered.TABLE 5. Comparison of Basic Elements of the Two IASLC Databases Used for Informing the seventh Edition and the eighth Edition of the TNM Classification of Lung Cancer Element Database for theseventh EditionDatabase for theeighth Edition Period of diagnosis1990 to 20001999 to 2010 Total patients submitted100,86994,708 Geographical originE urope58,701 (58%)46,560 (49%)N orth America21,130 (21%)4,660 (5%)A sia11,622 (11.5%)41,705 (44%)A ustralia9,416 (9.3%)1,593 (1.7%)S outh America0190 (0.3%) Patients excluded19,374 (19%)17,552 (18%) Patients included foranalyses81,49577,154N SCLC68,463 (84%)70,967 (92%)S CLC13,032 (16%)6,189 (8%) Treatment modalitiesS urgery alone41%57.7%R adiotherapy + surgery5% 1.5%C hemotherapy + surgery4%21.1%C hemotherapy alone23%9.3%R adiotherapy alone11% 1.5%C hemotherapy +radiotherapy12% 4.7%T rimodality3% 4.4%Journal of Thoracic Oncology ® • Volume 9, Number 11, November 2014 IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Projectof the TNM classification were collected according to its seventh edition. Moreover, 23 nonanatomical elements were included in the data dictionary to prepare for the development of prognostic groups (Table 6). The combination of anatomic and nonanatomic elements in a combined prognostic indexenhances the capacity to prognosticate beyond that of the TNM classification alone. These combined prognostic indexes will help personalize prognosis for a given patient.The new database is almost as large as the one used for the seventh edition. As a matter of fact, some of the already established databases that have been submitted were not spe-cifically designed to study the TNM classification and have the same limitations as the original IASLC database. However, the data contributed via the EDC contained all the necessary elements to do so. Although smaller in number of patients, it is much richer in details to allow refinements in the analyses of the different descriptors. Europe still is the leading contrib-uting region, closely followed by Asia, thanks to the massive participation of Japan. In relation to the previous database, the cases from North America and Australia have dropped; and South America is represented by a few cases for the first time. Patients undergoing surgical treatment alone are predominant, as in the previous database. Owing to the nature of the data sources (no clinical trials), the number of patients treated with chemotherapy alone or in combination with radiotherapy has dropped. This database contains a similar number of patients with NSCLC, but the number of patients with SCLC has beenreduced by 50% (Table 5).FIGURE 1. Histograms of stage (pathological stage, if provided; otherwise, clinical stage) distribution by region. (A ) Nonsmall cell lung cancer; (B) small cell lung cancer; and (C) overall.TABLE 6. Nonanatomical Elements Collected in the New Phase of the IASLC Lung Cancer Staging ProjectPatient-related elementsAge Sex RaceSmoking history Weight lossZubrod performance status Comorbidity indexLaboratory analyses: LDH, hemoglobin, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, sodium, leukocyte count, neutrophil count, platelets, albuminLung function tests: FVC and % of predicted; FEV1 and % of predicted Weight HeightTumor-related elements SUVmax for T and for N Lobar, bronchial location of primary tumorDifferentiation grade Histological type Vascular invasion Lymphatic invasion Pleural lavage cytologyTumor markers in those centers that have the possibility to determine themEnvironment-related elements Method of detection: symptoms, screening, incidentalTreatmentResidual tumor after treatmentGeographic area: continent, country of originLDH: lactate-dehydrogenase; FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second; SUVmax: maximum standardized uptake value; T: primary tumor; N: lymph nodesRami-Porta et al.Journal of Thoracic Oncology ® • Volume 9, Number 11, November 2014The analyses of the new database and the findings sug-gesting recommendations for the revision of the seventh edi-tion of the TNM classification of lung cancer will be submitted to the Journal of Thoracic Oncology to make them available to the worldwide oncology community. The suggested recom-mendations and their supportive data will also be submitted to the UICC and the AJCC for their assessment and inclusion in their new staging manuals, due to be published in 2016. The new edition of the classification will then be enacted in January 2017.The contributing institutions are to be thanked for their touching generosity and enthusiasm. This is an ongoing proj-ect that will soon be complemented by a deeper study on prognostic factors, for which prospective data collection will be essential. We hope that this new project will be appeal-ing to the international lung cancer community and will be supported again by our regular contributors and, hopefully, by new ones. Although there are several ways to contribute,21 the best way to serve the objectives of the IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project is to submit cases via the EDC. The online dataset contains the specific data elements needed to study the descriptors of the three components of the TNM classifica-tion and to refine prognosis. Y our collaboration will be much welcome.APPENDIX 1. IASLC Staging and Prognostic Factors CommitteePeter Goldstraw, Past Chair, Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Ramón Rami-Porta, Chair, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain; Hisao Asamura, Chair Elect, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan; David Ball, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; David Beer, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Ricardo Beyruti, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Vanessa Bolejack, Cancer Research And Biostatistics, Seattle, WA, USA; Kari Chansky, Cancer Research And Biostatistics, Seattle, W A, USA; John Crowley, Cancer Research And Biostatistics, Seattle, W A, USA;F rank Detterbeck, Y ale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Wilfried Ernst Erich Eberhardt, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital, Ruhrlandklinik, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; John Edwards, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom; F rançoise Galateau-Sallé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Caen, France; Dorothy Giroux, Cancer Research And Biostatistics, Seattle, W A, USA; F ergus Gleeson, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Patti Groome, Queen’s Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; James Huang, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New Y ork, NY, USA; Catherine Kennedy, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Jhingook Kim, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Y oung Tae Kim, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Laura Kingsbury, Cancer Research And Biostatistics, Seattle, W A, USA; Haruhiko Kondo, Kyorin University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Mark Krasnik, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Kaoru Kubota, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Antoon Lerut, University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium; Gustavo Lyons, British Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Mirella Marino, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Edith M. Marom, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Jan van Meerbeeck, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium; Alan Mitchell, Cancer Research And Biostatistics, Seattle, WA, USA; Takashi Nakano, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Andrew G. Nicholson, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Anna Nowak, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Michael Peake, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom; Thomas Rice, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Kenneth Rosenzweig, Mount Sinai Hospital, New Y ork, NY, USA; Enrico Ruffini, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Valerie Rusch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New Y ork, NY, USA; Nagahiro Saijo, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan; Paul Van Schil, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium; Jean-Paul Sculier, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium; Lynn Shemanski, Cancer Research And Biostatistics, Seattle, W A, USA; Kelly Stratton, Cancer Research And Biostatistics, Seattle, WA, USA; Kenji Suzuki, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Yuji Tachimori, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan; Charles F. Thomas Jr, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; William Travis, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New Y ork, NY, USA; Ming S. Tsao, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Andrew Turrisi, Sinai Grace Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA; Johan Vansteenkiste, University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium; Hirokazu Watanabe, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Yi-Long Wu, Guangdong Provincial Peoples Hospital, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China.Advisory Board of the IASLC Mesothelioma Domain Paul Baas, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Jeremy Erasmus, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Seiki Hasegawa, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan; Kouki Inai, Hiroshima University Postgraduate School, Hiroshima, Japan; Kemp Kernstine, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA; Hedy Kindler, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Lee Krug, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New Y ork, NY, USA; Kristiaan Nackaerts, University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium; Harvey Pass, New Y ork University, NY, USA; David Rice, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.Ad visory Board of the IASLC Thymic Malignancies DomainConrad Falkson, Queen’s University, Ontario, Canada; Pier Luigi F ilosso, University of Torino, Italy; Giuseppe Giaccone, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA; Kazuya Kondo, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan; Marco Lucchi, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Meinoshin Okumura, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.Advisory Board of the IASLC Esophageal Cancer DomainEugene Blackstone, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA.Journal of Thoracic Oncology ® • Volume 9, Number 11, November 2014IASLC Lung Cancer Staging ProjectParticipating Institutions in the new IASLC Lung Cancer Staging ProjectF. Abad Cavaco and E. Ansótegui Barrera, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain; J. Abal Arca and I. Parente Lamelas, Complejo Hospitalario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain; A. Arnau Obrer and R. Guijarro Jorge, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; D. Ball, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia;G. K. Bascom, Good Samaritan Hospital, Kearney, NE, USA; A. I. Blanco Orozco and M. A. González Castro, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; M. G. Blum, Penrose Cancer Center, Colorado Springs, USA; D. Chimondeguy, Hospital Universitario Austral, Argentina; V. Cvijanovic, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia; S. Defranchi, Hospital Universitario-Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina;B. de Olaiz Navarro, Hospital de Getafe, Getafe, Spain; I. Escobar Campuzano and I. Macía Vidueira, Hospital de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; E. F ernández Araujo and F. Andreo García, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; K. M. Fong, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; G. F rancisco Corral and S. Cerezo González, Hospital La Mancha Centro, Ciudad Real, Spain; J. Freixinet Gilart, Hospital Universitario “Dr. Negrín,” Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; L. García Arangüena, Hospital Sierrallana, Torrelavega, Spain; S. García Barajas, Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain; P. Girard, L’Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, F rance; T. Goksel, Turkish Thoracic Society, Turkey; M. T. González Budiño, Hospital General Universitario de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; G. González Casaurrán, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; J.A. Gullón Blanco, Hospital San Agustín, Avilés, Spain; J. Hernández Hernández, Hospital de Ávila, Avila, Spain; H. Hernández Rodríguez, Hospital Universitario de Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; J. Herrero Collantes, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; M. Iglesias Heras, Hospital de Ávila, Ávila, Spain; J. M. Izquierdo Elena, Hospital Nuestra Señora de Aránzazu, Donostia, Spain; E. Jakobsen, Danish Lung Cancer Registry, Denmark; S. Kostas, Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece; P. León Atance and A. Núñez Ares, Complejo Hospitalario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain; M. Liao, Shanghai Lung Tumor Clinical Medical Center, Shanghai, China; M. Losanovscky, Clinica y Maternidad Suizo Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; G. Lyons, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; R. Magaroles and L. De Esteban Júlvez, Hospital Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain; M. Mariñán Gorospe, Hospital de San Pedro de Logroño, Logroño, Spain;B. McCaughan andC. Kennedy, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; R. Melchor Íñiguez, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain; L. Miravet Sorribes, Hospital La Plana, Castellón, Spain; S. Naranjo Gozalo and C. Álvarez de Arriba, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain; M. Núñez Delgado, Hospital de Meixoeiro, Vigo, Spain; J. Padilla Alarcón and J. C. Peñalver Cuesta, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain; J. S. Park, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea;H. Pass, New Y ork University Langone Medical Center and Cancer Center, New Y ork, USA; M. J. Pavón F ernández, Hospital “Severo Ochoa,” Leganés, Spain; M. Rosenberg, Alexander Fleming Institute and Hospital de Rehabilitación Respiratoria, Buenos Aires, Argentina; E. Ruffini, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; V. Rusch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New Y ork, USA; J. Sánchez de Cos Escuín, Hospital de Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain; A. Saura Vinuesa, Hospital de Sagunto, Sagunto, Spain; M. Serra Mitjans, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain; T. E. Strand, Cancer Registry of Norway, Norway; D. Subotic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; S. Swisher, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, USA; R. Terra, University of Sao Paulo Medical Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil; C. Thomas, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA; K. Tournoy, University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; P. Van Schil, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium; M. Velasquez, F undación Clínica Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; Y. L. Wu, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China; K. Y okoi, Japanese Joint Committee for Lung Cancer Registry, Osaka, Japan.APPENDIX 2. Chairpersons And Members Of The Subcommittees Of The Lung Cancer Domain Of The IASLC Staging And Prognostic Factors Committee T subcommitte e: Chairperson: Ramón Rami-Porta. Members: David Ball, Vanessa Bolejack, John Crowley, Jhingook Kim, Gustavo Lyons, Thomas Rice, Kenji Suzuki, Charles Thomas, William Travis and Yi-Long Wu.N subcommitt e e: Chairperson: Hisao Asamura. Members: David Ball, Kari Chansky, John Crowley, Peter Goldstraw, Valerie Rusch, Paul Van Schil, Johan Vansteenkiste, Hirokazu Watanabe, Yi-Long Wu and Marcin Zielinski.M subcommitte e: Chairperson: Wilfried Ernst Erich Eberhardt. Members: John Crowley, Y oung Tae Kim, Haruhiko Kondo, Alan Mitchell and Andrew Turrisi.Validation and M e thodology subcommitt e e: Chairperson: Patti Groome. Members: Vanessa Bolejack, Kari Chansky, John Crowley, F rank Detterbeck, Catherine Kennedy, Mark Krasnik and Michael Peake.Small Ce ll Carcinoma subcommitte e: Chairperson: Andrew G. Nicholson. Members: Ricardo Beyruti, Kari Chansky, John Crowley, Kaoru Kubota and Andrew Turrisi.Prognostic Factors subcommitt e e: Chairperson: Jean-Paul Sculier. Members: Kari Chansky, John Crowley, Fergus Gleeson, Jan van Meerbeeck, Alan Mitchell and Lynn Shemanski.Neuroendocrine Tumors subcommittee: Chairperson: William Travis. Members: Hisao Asamura, Kari Chansky and John Crowley.Biological Factors subcommittee: Chairperson: Ming S. Tsao. Members: David Beer, John Crowley and Yi-Long Wu.REFERENCES1. Goldstraw P. Report on the international workshop on intrathoracic stag-ing, London October 1996. Lung Cancer 1997;18:107–111.2. Goldstraw P, Crowley JJ. The International Association for the Study ofLung Cancer international staging project on lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2006;1:281–286.。

中考英语信息素养的培养与提升单选题40题1. A recent scientific report shows that the number of endangered animals is increasing. The main reason for this is ____.A. lack of food resourcesB. human activitiesC. climate changeD. natural disasters答案：B。

解析：在信息素养方面，需要从科学报告中判断濒危动物数量增加的主要原因。

选项A缺乏食物资源可能是一个因素，但不是最主要的。

选项B人类活动，如砍伐森林、污染环境等，是导致濒危动物数量增加的主要原因，符合科学报告中的常见观点。

选项C 气候变化也是一个影响因素，但相比之下人类活动的影响更为直接和广泛。

选项D自然灾难不是濒危动物数量增加的主要原因，通常是偶尔发生的情况。

2. According to an online news article, a new technology has been developed to improve air quality. Which of the following is this technology likely to be?A. A new type of car engine that burns less fuel.B. A device that can turn sea water into fresh water.C. A software that can predict earthquakes.D. A medicine for curing lung diseases.答案：A。

解析：从网络新闻文章获取信息，要判断与改善空气质量相关的新技术。

选项A新型的汽车发动机燃烧更少的燃料，这有助于减少汽车尾气排放，从而改善空气质量，符合题意。

考点跟踪突破34 阅读理解训练一广告图表类A(2021，兰州)Global English Club☆English training in four skills：listening，speaking，reading，and writing.☆4­month (800 yuan)，6­month (1，400 yuan) and one year (2，500 yuan) courses.☆Choice of morning or evening classes，3 hours per day，Mon.—Fri.☆All native teachers from Canada and USA.☆Tel：8872806 Add：306 Xinhua RoadBody­building Club◇All facilities (设备) supplied.◇On the top floor of Sunny Hotel.◇Every evening from 6：00 to 9：00，Mon.—Sun.◇Drinks and fruits ready for you during breaks.◇Tel: 6353188◇Add：369 Dunhuang RoadPiano Club*One­to­one training on Sat.&Sun. from 2：00 p．m. to 5：00 p．m. (150 yuan per hour)*Experienced teacher.*Pianos supplied (提供) for free.*Convenient transportation.*Tel：8756038*Add：808 Park Road(C )1.How much do you need to pay for one­to­one piano training every timeA．300 yuan. B．150 yuan.C．450 yuan. D．800 yuan.(B)2.If Jim is exercising in the Body­building Club，where can you find himA．808 Park Road.B．On the highest floor of Sunny Hotel.C．696 Dunhuang Road.D．306 Xinhua Road.(B )3.Which of the following is not true according to the advertisement aboveA．You have to pay 800 yuan for 4­month English training.B．You have to pay more for using the piano supplied in the class.C．It is very convenient to get to the Piano Club.D．You can enjoy drinks and fruits after body­building exercises.B(2021，桂林)1.If you have time in summer and you are an excellent swimmer，you can call __B__ to get a job.A．77665388 B．66773439C．54279686 D．633600222．If a cleaner works for Mr. Huang for a month，he or she will be given __A__ yuan.A．640 B．480 C．320 D．1603．David is a college student and his English is very poor，he can __C__ .A．call the SUN HOUSEB．send an e­mail toC．send an e­mail toD．visit Mr. Huang at No.5 Chaoyang Street4．The four ads above are probably from __A__ .A．a newspaper B．a novelC．a science magazine D．a textbookC(2021，江西)Skurfing LessonsWould you become a skurfer if you could？Well，now you can！Lessons in skurfing，an exciting sport，are available on the beach.Cost：$30 per person for a half­hour lesson.Fi rst lesson half price.Time：Monday—Friday，8 a．m.—6 p．m.Website：Art Attack GalleryDo you want to spend summer being creative？Come to Art Attack Gallery's afternoon classes.Age：12—18Cost：FreeTime：One afternoon a week for ten weeks.E­mail：aagState Theater Performing Arts Camp Summer camp in Hedley village.The State Theatre offers performing arts classes including：music，dance，drama.Course dates：14th—23rd July；24th July—2nd August；4th—13th August；14th—23rd AugustAge：13­19Cost：$250(including all meals)Tel：657 8777(A)1.How much should we pay for the first skurfing lessonA．$15. B．$30. C．$45. D．$60.(D)2.Where can we learn music according to the ads aboveA．At Long Beach.B．At Skurfing Lessons.C．At Art Attack Gallery.D．At State Theater Performing Arts Camp.( C )3.When does the State Theatre offer performing arts classesA．4th—13th July.B．4th—23rd August.C．24th July—2nd August.D．14th July—23rd August.D(2021，烟台)1.Mr. Wang needs to pay __B__ for his car washing and engine repairing.A．￥25 B．￥190 C．￥195 D．￥2052．The Noah is built for __D__ .A．making sci­fi filmsB．holding a concertC．doing exercisesD．saving people from bad weather3．The new apartment to be rented is __D__ .A．on Xinhua RoadB．near the police stationC．at Coast SquareD．at No. 22 Changjiang Road4．Which of the following is NOT RIGHT according to the information above？__C__A．The volunteers start cleaning up the beach at 9：00 a．m.B．The Noah is designed to house up to 40，000 people.C．It's not convenient to take a bus near the apartment.D．If you want to repair your car，you can call 719­5638.训练二学校生活类AOne Thursday afternoon, when I was in Grade 9, a new boy came into my classroom. He was short and thin. He walked up to the teacher and told her, very seriously, that he was new. His name was Christian. He sat down, took a look at me, and then looked away. I didn't think he was very nice and I was sure he wasn't the type I would like to become friends with.During that year, I didn't talk to him much, but he smiled at me when our eyes met, always shyly. He never ate lunch with anybody, and he never talked to anybody but me.But one day I joined those unkind kids who were making fun of him. We made fun of him though I thought it was wrong.“Haven't you got any friends？〞a kid asked Christian, who had walked past us alone, head down.“No, he hasn't got any friends. He's too stupid and shy，〞I said. Then Christian looked up at me with the saddest dog eyes I had ever seen. I felt very sorry at thatmoment.That night, I couldn't sleep because I couldn't get Christian's face out of my mind. In the weeks that followed, he never met my eyes in class and never smiled at me. It was really hard for me to decide to write him a note asking him to forgive(原谅) me. But I thought I should.The next day in class, I wrote him a note telling him how sorry I felt. About five minutes later, I turned and saw tears in his eyes. “You will never realize what your apology(抱歉) has meant to me, Jimmly.〞he said to me. “I hope we can become friends.〞We had lunch together that noon and we had the best talk I had ever had. Over the years at high school, we were close friends.When I think back, I realize that, if I had not apologized, I would never have known what a lovely person Christian was.Apologies can really change your life, so never miss the chance to tell somebody you are sorry.1. From the passage, we know Christian was a __B__ boy.A．tall and fat B．short and shyC．short and active D．lovely and fat2.Jimmly felt __C__ after he made fun of Christian with other unkind kids.A．happy B．interested C．sorry D．bored3．Jimmly asked Christian to forgive him by __D__ .A．sending an email B．wearing a smileC．eating supper together D．writing a note4．This article tells us that __A__ .A．we should make an apology when we hurt othersB．Jimmly's apology was unimportant to ChristianC．Christian wasn't lovely in factD．it is impossible to say sorry to othersB(2021，新疆)Kelly's favorite subject is P．E.But she had a hard time in P．E. class.She was not good at jumping very far，she had trouble throwing a ball，，some kids made fun of (取笑) her.So why does Kelly love P．E. classThe reason is that her teacher Mr. Burns always tells her to do her best.Though she only ran for a few minutes，Mr. Burns said，“Good job！Next time you will be able to go a little longer.〞Mr. Burns even put a small box on the floor，so Kelly would be able to practice jumping over it.That night when Kelly finished dinner，she put threeboxes and began practicing jumping over them.She made it！Kelly thought to herself，“Tomorrow I will be able to jump over those boxes in P．E. class.〞There was a relay race (接力赛) on Tuesday.Kelly was scared that she would not be able to go very far.When Kelly ran around the track (跑道)，she heard many cheers and kids shouting，“Go Kelly！You can do it！〞That was all she needed to hear.Kelly ran fast.She finished first！The kids cheered for her.Kelly felt so good.“Thank you，Mr. Burns.〞said Kelly.“Kelly，you ran the race，not me.〞“Yes，but you always said I could do it.〞1．How did Mr. Burns help Kelly practice jumping？__C__ A．By jumping with her.B．By asking other kids to help her.C．By putting a small box on the floor.D．By giving her a book on how to jump.2．In Paragraph 3，Kelly jumped over __C__ box(es) after dinner.A．1 B．2 C．3 D．43．Kelly was scared before the relay race because she was afraid that __B__ .A．she would fallB．she would not run very farC．other kids would make fun of herD．other kids would run faster than her4．At the end of the story，we can learn that Kelly felt __A__ .A．happy B．bored C．upset D．independentC(2021，苏州)During my first two weeks at the University of California，Berkeley，I experienced some unexpected，funny，and sometimes embarrassing(令人为难)situations.Allow me to share some with you.But first，let me give advice to other foreign students who plan to study in the United States.Check the weather before coming！I was very sure that California was sunny all year around so I left all my jackets and sweaters in Paris.It was a huge mistake！It rained almost every day during the first week in Berkeley.I have to say that I quickly forgot these unlucky events.Life in Berkeley is very pleasant and everything is so easy compared to Paris.For example，in only 24 hours I bought a mobile phone and made the lease(租约)agreement for a flat.What's more，almost all the shops are open onSunday，which is very practical for me.The first thing that surprised me is that students may come late to class.They freely enter and leave the classroom many times during class. In France，students respect the teacher's lesson，so they are never late and they leave the classroom only at the end of the class.The local people in California are in general very nice，open and active，However，，I was used to shaking my friends' hands every day in France.During my second day at Berkeley，I shook the hand of one of my classmates whom I had met the day before and he told me“I think we already met！〞Another funny story happened during the first party I attended：A girl that I met before came to hug me.I thought she wanted to kiss me like we usually do in France to say hello.So I kissed her and she seemed a little bit embarrassed.I live a great experience at present，and I would just encourage any student to become a member in a program at UC，Berkeley.1．According to the writer's advice，before students study in America，they should __C__ .A．make a lease agreement for a flatB．leave their warm clothes at homeC．pay attention to the local weatherD．prepare a phone as early as possible2．When the writer's classmate said “I think we already met！〞，he meant __B__ .A．he and the writer had known each other in FranceB．Americans needn't shake hands when they met again C．he was not used to shaking hands with othersD．the writer had forgotten about their last meeting3．What does the writer mainly want to tell us __A__A．His experience at UC，Berkeley.B．The relationship between classmates.C．His advice on studying abroad.D．The difference in attending a class.DI think that a great friend is a great artist who can change my feeling about life greatly.When I talk about the person who influenced me most, I must think of my best friend quickly.When I was in my university，one of my classmates sat beside me.His name is Wang Tao.He is my unforgettable friend in my life.He is good at study and handsome.Everyoneknows that he is a genius (天才) of our university.He is kind­ut he doesn't like others to praise him，because he think what he did is common.There is an old saying：A friend in need is a friend indeed.Wang Tao sets a good example in many parts in my life.I remembered that my mathematics was mediocre at that time，but he was excellent in solving mathematics questions.He often received high scores.Of course，I wished I could reach at his level.Since we talked all day long，，I made great progress in mathematics.I passed the examination finally.Then we became friends naturally.And now，I still remember his strong will to study.We know that we live in a society，so we need a lot of friends.There are two kinds of friends，good and bad，bad friends may make our life failed，while good ones make our life successful.To me，Wang Tao is a very good friend.I learned so many advantages from him，and I changed more and more excellently.We separated three months ago.Now I miss him very much，and I hoped that our friendship will continue to be just as strong after we graduate (毕业)．1．The writer believes that an excellent friend __C__ .A．is a man who works on artB．can change his life slowlyC．can influence his idea about lifeD．must think of him quickly2．Which of the following about Wang Tao is NOT true according to the passage？__D__A．He has a strong will. B．He is warm­hearted.C．He is good at maths. D．He likes art very much.3．The underlined word “mediocre〞most probably means “ __B__ 〞．A．bad B．not very goodC．the best D．very good4．What's the best title for the passage？__B__A．My university life.B．An unforgettable friend.C．How to make friends.D．How to learn maths well.训练三事物介绍类A(2021，安徽)The olive (橄榄) tree probably first grew in southern Asia.And then it spread to Mediterranean (地中海) countries about 6，000 years ago.Since then，it has been important inMediterranean people's lives.me ancient cultures believed that it was useful as medicine.In modern times，people still use olive oil both for its taste and its health advantages.Olive oil has also been an important product in the business and culture of Mediterranean countries.In ancient Greece，for example，anyone who cut down an olive tree was heavily punished.Winners at the Olympic Games wore wreaths (花环)．They were made of olive branches (树枝)．Sometimes winners were also given a prize of olive oil.People from Greece built ships so that they could use olive oil for trade.But it was the Romans who grew the olive tree in the rest of southern Europe and northern Africa.Today，olive oil is still a very valuable product，and many different kinds of olive oil are sold in countries all over the world.1．Where did the olive tree probably first grow？__A__A．In Asia. B．In Africa.C．In Europe. D．In America.2．What can we learn about olive oil？__D__A．People started to cook with it recently.B．It is made from olive branches.C．People used it to build ships in Greece.D．It can be good for health.3．In ancient Greece，people who cut down an olive tree __B__ .A．wore wreaths B．were heavily punishedC．got a prize of olive oil D．were regarded as heroes4．The passage is mainly about __D__ .A．the method of cookingB．the trade of GreeceC．the history of the Olympic GamesD．the story of olive oilB(2021，天津)Do you know that in some parts of the world，people build temporary (暂时) hotels made of snow and blocks (大块) of ice？These are known as ice hotels.Unlike usual hotels，all the rooms in the ice hotels are made of ice.In some ice hotels，，hot food is not served in the ice hotels，but guests can eat hot food at places nearby.To keep warm，guests sleep in comfortable sleeping bags on ice blocks that are covered by mattresses (床垫) and reindeer skins (驯鹿皮)．There are some places in the ice hotels that are heated，such as the bathrooms.This is because，even though it is not as cold in the ice hotels as it is outdoors (在户外)，indoor temperatures are still very low.Perhaps the most interesting thing about the ice hotels is that they are rebuilt every year.They can be used only during t，when the ice hotels melt away，they melt back into the rivers.1．According to the passage，ice hotels __D__ .A．are found everywhereB．do business in summerC．are made of glassD．are made of snow and ice2．Which of the following about the ice hotels is true？__C__A．They are just like usual hotels.B．The glasses are made of wood.C．They serve cold drinks.D．The rooms are made of bamboo.3．Why are bathrooms heated in the ice hotels？__B__A．Guests want to eat in them.B．Indoor temperatures are very low.C．Guests ask the hotels to do that.D．It is as cold indoors as it is outdoors.4．What happens to the ice hotels in spring？__A__A．They melt away. B．They are rebuilt.C．They are repaired. D．They need more ice.CEvery living thing on Earth is either a plant or an animal, right Wrong! Many organisms (有机体) in our world are neither. Some of them float through the air, and some lie hidden in the ground. They do not need sunlight to survive, and if the weather becomes too cold, they can become inactive until conditions improve.What are these They are called fungi (菌类), and you see them almost every day. Many kinds of fungi seem disgusting，such as the green black things that appear on the food which are left too long in the refrigerator. But other kinds are not so bad. For example, the yeast that is used to make bread and mushrooms (蘑菇) are both fungi.What makes fungi different from plants and animals An animal can move around by itself. Fungi get around too, but they don't have feet, wings, or tails. They have to wait for wind or some other outside force to move them. Plants are different from fungi because they have chlorophyll (叶绿素). Ithelps them make food from the energy in sunlight. Fungi do not have chlorophyll.Some fungi are bad, while others are not. Some fungi cause diseases, such as athlete's foot, which makes feet uncomfortable. Other kinds of fungi can be used to make medicines, which have saved many lives.Fungi clean up more than wounds, though. They are the world's first recyclers. Without fungi, our world would be a mess. Since fungi cannot make their own food as plants do, they must get their food elsewhere. Many fungi get their food from dead plants. They break them down and turn them into soil. The fungi get a meal, and the world gets a housecleaning!1．What does the underlined word “disgusting〞most probably mean？__B__A．strong B．unpleasant C．active D．small 2．According to the passage, __D__ .A．fungi can move everywhere by themselvesB．fungi are unable to survive in cold conditionsC．some fungi can make food from the energy in sunlight D．some fungi are useful to humans and the environment 3．Where can you most probably find this passage？__B__A．In a social report.B．In a biology book.C．In a geography magazine.D．In a farming book.D(2021，福州)What would it be like to be over 100 meters in the air？Besides taking a plane，there is a more interesting and relaxing way to experience it：having a ride on a Ferris wheel (摩天轮)．London Eye，EnglandWith a height of about 135 meters，the London Eye is the tallest Ferris wheel in Europe.There are 32 cars (轿厢) and each can carry 25 people at most.On the ride，people can get a view of London Tower，Buckingham Palace and Big Ben.One turn takes 30 minutes.High Roller，USIt is the world's tallest Ferris wheel.It is 168 meters tall.High Roller first opened in Las Vegas on March 31st，2021.A ride takes 30 minutes.You can also enjoy videos and music during the ride.Tianjin Eye，ChinaTianjin Eye is a 120­meter­tall Ferris wheel.It lies on abridge over the Haihe River in Tianjin，China.It is the only Ferris wheel in the world to stand on a bridge.The wheel has 48 cars.Each can take eight passengers.People can get good views of the city during the 30­minute trip.Roue de Paris，FranceRoue de Paris looks like all other Ferris wheels.It is about 60 meters tall and has 42 cars.But people can move it.Because of this，the big wheel has been to many other places like Manchester in the UK and Bangkok in Thailand.1．There are __C__ cars in London Eye.A．25 B．30 C．32 D．1352．The tallest Ferris wheel in the world is in __C__ .A．Paris B．Tianjin C．Las Vegas D．London3．High Roller is __B__ meters taller than Tianjin Eye.A．33 B．48 C．60 D．1084. __C__ is the only one to lie on a bridge.A．London Eye B．High RollerC．Tianjin Eye D．Roue de Paris5．Which of the following is TRUE？__B__A．Tianjin Eye can bring you musical enjoyment.B．Roue de Paris can be moved to many other places.C．London Eye can carry 384 passengers at most on oneturn.D．Having a ride on the four Ferris wheels needs the same time.训练四观点建议类A(2021，重庆)When talking about picking a right school，a mother and teacher gave some pieces of advice.In the latest issue (期) of Youth magazine，the mother shared the school advice she gave her daughters with young people across the country.“I've told my daughters many times that I don't want them to choose a name，〞the mother said.“I don't want them to think，‘Oh，I should go to these top school s.’ We live in a country with hundreds of excellent universities.So the first question is：what's going to work for me？〞“When it was time to prepare for picking schools，nobody around me believed I could get into Xiamen University.But through hard work I finally made it，〞she continued.“So，my second piece of advice is：believe in yourself，no matter what other people might say.Once your goal is set，you only need to try your best to make it come true.〞“The last piece of advice is not to be worried even if your dreams don't come true.As I've said above，there are so many good universities out there.So it's important for everybody to understand that you can always find a university that gives you a great education.〞1．The mother shared her advice __C__ .A．with her students B．with her husbandC．in Youth Magazine D．in Xiamen University2．To explain her second piece of advice，the mother gave __B__ .A．a story of her daughtersB．a story of her ownC．some different reasonsD．some different ideas3．We can learn from the last paragraph (段落) that __D__ .A．we can realize our dream through hard workB．the name of the university isn't the most importantC．it's not necessary to care what other people might say D．more than one university can give us a good education 4．The best title of the passage may be “ __D__ 〞．A．Colorful University LifeB．Best School EducationC．A Report on University BuildingD．Advice on School PickingB(2021，荆门)Every school seems to have a “bully〞(欺凌)．In fact，bullying goes on in schools all over the world.Bullying is a common situation at school.We need to get to know more about bullying.Who gets picked on (被选择)？Bullies pick on people they think don't fit in—someone who “looks different〞or isn't as “smart〞or as “rich〞．For example，shy kids often get picked on because of their characters.Physically hitting someone is the most obvious (明显) form of bullying，but insulting (侮辱)，gossiping (说闲话) and making fun of others are also usual forms of bullying.What can you do to stop bullying？If you are the bully，think about how your actions hurt others.You can't build yourself up by putting others down.When you're feeling stressed or angry，find acceptable ways to deal with your frustrations.If you are the victim (受害者)，tell a trusted adult and get some help.Many times adults can find ways to solve theproblem.Here is some wise advice：●Ignore (忽略) the bully and walk away.●Hold your temper (脾气)．Maybe the bully wants you to explode (发怒)．●Don't fight physically.It may lead to more violence (暴力)．●Practice confidence even if you have to pretend it.●Talk with parents or teachers about it.They are sure to help you solve the problem.●hat may be helpful.1．According to the passage，what's going on at school in the world？__B__A．Being late. B．Bullying.C．Being angry. D．Fighting with teachers.2．Who may be bullied at school easily？__C__A．The person who is smart.B．The person who doesn't gossip.C．The person who is shy.D．The person who often gossips.3．As a student，how can you stop bullying？__D__A．Think less about the results of your actions.B．Build yourself up by insulting others.C．Deal with your frustrations by fighting with others. D．Deal with your stress or anger in acceptable ways.4.What can a student do to avoid being a victim？__C__A．Don't ignore the bully and face it.B．Don't talk to parents about it directly.C．Make more good friends at school.D．Fight physically if he or she can't hold temper.C(2021，云南)Mom and dad—they're two of the most important people in your life.You probably see at least one of them every day and，over your lifetime，they influence you more than anyone else you meet.Moms and dads need to care for their kids from the minute they're born.It's a parent's job to love and help kids—and most parents will do this as possible as they can，even when the “kids〞grow up and have children of their own.That means you have many years ahead to share with your mom and dad.Here are some ways you can stay close，get along，and build a strong relationship (关系)：Spend time together.Don't play a computer game or watch TV by yourself.Ask your mom and dad to play with you，go outside together，play a game，or read a book out loud.Try to spend more time together.Share your feelings and ask for help.Many kids say they'd like their parents to help them when they're unhappy.Tell them if you're sad or have a problem.They'll be happy to help you.Be kind and caring.Little things might mean a lot to your mom and dad.You can brighten a parent's day with a hug，a card，or a joke.It's also lovely when a kid cleans up his or her room without being asked.It's important to show that you care for each other.Kids and parents show their love by respecting (尊重) each other，and being caring，polite and thoughtful.Do your best at whatever you do.You don't have to be perfect，but when you do your best，you make your parents proud.It makes them happy to see how you're turning into such a great kid.Why？Because it lets them know you're doing a good job.1．Your parents are two of the most important people in your life because they __D__ .A．see you every dayB．have duty to care for youC．need your helpD．influence you more than anyone else2．Most parents __B__ after their kids have grown up.A．stop helping their kidsB．try their best to help their kidsC．leave their kidsD．are busy taking exercise3．What should kids do when they're unhappy？__C__A．Watch TV by themselves.B．Play a game with their parents.C．Tell their parents and ask for help.D．Be kind to their parents.4．Which can be the best title of the passage？__A__A．Getting Along with Your ParentsB．Talking to Your ParentsC．When Your Parents FightD．Spending More Time with Your ParentsDWhat do you think of celebrating Christmas Day in China Christmas Day is very popular in China, especially for young people. Should Chinese people celebrate Christmas Day 60% people think that we should not take Christmas so seriously, 10% think everyone should celebrate Christmas.Some people think celebrating Christmas Day can helpthem understand western culture better. Some people think it is a great holiday to have a good time with their families and friends. During Christmas Day, they can meet friends, go shopping, watch movies and go to different parties.But I have different ideas. Most of us celebrate Christmas just because we see many people around us do it.China has its own holidays, such as the Spring Festival and Mid­Autumn Day, so we don't have to celebrate holidays from other countries. Some people spend a lot of money celebrating Christmas Day. People buy lots of gifts for their friends and families, but this is not the best way to show their love.1．How many people think each one should celebrate Christmas Day？__C__A．60% B．30% C．10% D．20%2．The second paragraph mainly tells us __A__ .A．why some people celebrate Christmas DayB．what people do on Christmas DayC．we can have fun on Christmas DayD．Christmas Day is an important festival3．The writer thinks some people celebrate Christmas Day by __C__ .。

中考英语医疗大数据的应用案例单选题40题1. In a hospital, medical big data can help manage patient information more efficiently. Which of the following is an important way?A. Storing patient records in paper files onlyB. Using a simple spreadsheet without any data analysisC. Employing a comprehensive database system for data storage and analysisD. Ignoring the patient information update答案解析：C。

本题考查医疗大数据在医院病人信息管理方面的应用相关知识以及词汇理解。

选项A只将病人记录存储在纸质文件中，这是传统且低效的方式，不符合医疗大数据高效管理的理念。

选项B使用简单的电子表格且无数据分析，不能很好地体现大数据的优势。

选项C采用综合的数据库系统进行数据存储和分析，这是医疗大数据在病人信息管理方面的重要应用方式，能够高效地管理病人信息。

选项D忽略病人信息更新显然是错误的管理方式。

2. Medical big data plays a crucial role in hospital resource allocation. Which factor can it mainly consider?A. Doctors' personal preferencesB. Random assignment without any data basisC. The real - time needs of patients and the availability of resourcesD. Only the cost of resources without patient needs答案解析：C。

湖北省部分重点中学2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期中试题留意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答第第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案桔涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号，写在本试卷上无效。

3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

第Ⅰ卷选择题（共60小题，计100分）第一部分听力（共两节, 满分30分）做题时, 现将答案标在试卷上, 录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分）听下面5段对话, 每段对话后有一个小题。

从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Why doesn't the girl want to go to school according to the man?A. She is ill.B. She feels nervous.C. She lost her book report.2. Who does the woman have to wait for?A. Her sister.B. The man.C. Her parents.3. What is the man probably trying on?A. A tie.B. A suit.C. A pair of socks.4. What might the man be doing now?A. Doing some cooking.B. Washing dishes.C. Setting the table.5. What does the woman think about the book?A. She likes it very much.B. There are too many pages.C. It will be hard to understand.其次节（共15小题；每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

中考英语大数据应用场景单选题40题1. In the field of medical health, big data can help doctors ____ the probability of disease recurrence through analyzing a large number of patient records.A. calculateB. createC. communicateD. compare答案解析：A。

本题考查动词词义辨析。

在医疗健康领域，大数据通过分析大量患者记录来帮助医生计算疾病复发的概率，calculate （计算）符合语境。

create（（创造）、communicate（（交流）、compare（（比较）均不符合题意。

从语法角度看，help sb. do sth.是固定用法，这里需要一个动词原形。

2. Big data in medical health is used to ____ the spread trend of infectious diseases.A. predictB. preventC. protectD. present答案解析：A。

这题考查动词的意义。

大数据在医疗健康领域被用于预测传染病的传播趋势，predict（（预测）是合适的。

prevent（（阻止）、protect（保护）、present（呈现）不符合此处表达。

语法上，beused to do sth.表示被用来做某事，这里需要一个动词原形。

3. With the help of big data, medical researchers can ____ more accurate treatment plans based on different patients' data.A. makeB. takeC. breakD. wake答案解析：A。

福建省福州则徐中学2024-2025学年九年级上学期期中考试英语试题一、单项选择1．I hope the two countries will reach ________ agreement to stop the war one day.A．a B．/C．an2．He never gives up ________ he has failed several times.A．if B．although C．since3．—We should ________ the gas before going on a long trip.—OK, safety comes first.A．shut off B．put off C．take off4．After we experienced the farmer’s life, we realized that ________ should value the food.A．someone B．no one C．everyone5．—Come one, dear! The film ________ for five minutes.—Sorry, the traffic is heavy.A．has begun B．has been on C．has ended 6．—Nancy, I really don’t like going to the crowded place.—________, I will feel uncomfortable for so many people.A．Neither do I B．Neither am I C．So do I7．—How can we make a building with LEGO (乐高) bricks?—It’s easy. We can finish the work ________ the instruction.A．according to B．thanks to C．because of 8．—Everyone loves his country, ________ Tommy.—Yes, though he is only three years old.A．including B．except C．beside9．Without the practice and teachers’ help, we can ________ make a success.A．actually B．usually C．hardly10．—The door bell is ringing.—It must be the take-away service. I ________ a meal through Meituan App.A．order B．is ordering C．have ordered11．—Try to keep in good mood even in a bad ________.—Certainly. Happiness is the most important.A．competition B．situation C．direction12．—As a leader, he must be organized and thoughtful enough to ________ time well.—Yes, I agree with you.A．create B．reduce C．manage13．—My mom is out of danger now.—I’m happy to hear that. Thanks to Dr. Wang’s excellent ________ skills.A．musical B．medical C．chemical14．—I broke the glass just now. But I didn’t do it ________, dad.—It doesn’t matter, and you must be careful next time.A．in fact B．as well C．on purpose 15．—Excuse me, I couldn’t find my mobile phone. I wonder ________.—Yes, it’s near the police station.A．where I could find itB．if there’s a Lost and Found officeC．when I could find it二、完形填空Cash Daniels, a 12-year-old boy, loves nature and wants to protect our planet. He grew up near the Tennessee River and was 16 to learn that it is one of the most polluted rivers in the world. He knew he had to 17 .At first, Cash and his parents worked to pick up garbage near the Tennessee River. But soon he realized he would need more help. So he started 18 cleanups of the Tennessee River with his family, neighbors and volunteers. Most of them were 19 the community. Cash also wrote a children’s book about river pollution to help others understand why it was so 20 to protect our planet. He even 21 raised enough money to place 17 recycling dustbins along the river.Cash’s hard work and devotion (奉献) have had a big 22 in his hometown. He was23 “Green Youth” for his effort to protect the environment in 2021. But Cash isn’t stopping there. He knows there’s still more work to do. He wants to 24 the world, teach others about the ocean and its creatures (生物), and encourage people to protect it.Cash believes that every little action counts and that everyone can make a 25 change. He encourages everyone to stand up and take part in protecting our planet.16．A．sad B．calm C．happy17．A．act B．play C．read18．A．reducing B．organizing C．researching19．A．on B．for C．from20．A．important B．interesting C．relaxing21．A．slowly B．hardly C．suddenly 22．A．decision B．speech C．influence23．A．told B．given C．thought24．A．enjoy B．travel C．believe25．A．popular B．difficult C．positive三、阅读理解People need plants to live. Plants give us food, clothing, and oxygen. Trees, flowers and grass are all plants. Green plants need sun and water to grow. A plant usually has the following parts. Each part has a job to do.26．What can plants give us?①food ①clothing ①water ①oxygenA．①①①B．①①①C．①①①D．①①①27．How many parts does a plant usually have?A．Three.B．Four. C．Five.D．Six.28．What are the functions (作用) of the stems?A．They help to make seeds for the plants.B．They take in food and water from the earth.C．They help the plant to stand and give food and water to other parts of the plant.D．They help the fruit to make seeds.29．Which sentence can be put in the ________?A．They help to make fruit.B．Many animals cat green leaves.C．Green leaves grow very quickly.D．They use the sun to make food for the plant. 30．From which part of the magazine can you read the text?A．Nature B．Health C．Education D．TechnologyMost people have heard of the Great Wall of China, but not many people outside of China know about the Grand Canal. This man-made waterway known in China as Da Yunhe—is 1,700 kilometers long, and some parts of it are more than 2, 000 years old. It connects the north of China with Hangzhou, a city in the southern part of the country. It’s the longest man-made waterway in the world.It was built as a way to transport food like grain from the rich agricultural (农业的) land inChina’s south to the north. In fact, it’s not one canal, but a system (系统) of canals and rivers linked together. It’s still an important part of the transport system in China.Now the Chinese government is doing new work on the Grand Canal. It is making part of it deeper, so bigger ships can use it. The canal will also help to move water. There is a lot of rain in the south of China but not as much in the north. The canal will carry millions of liters (公升) of water from the south to the North.The Grand Canal is much less famous than the Great Wall, and not very many tourists visit it. But it’s possible to go on a cruise along some of the oldest parts of the canal. Passengers on these cruises see beautiful part of China that other visitors don’t see.31．From the passage we can know that Da Yunhe is ________.A．a small river B．a system of waterwaysC．a city in China D．part of the Great Wall of China32．In the past, the Grand Canal was mainly used to ________.A．transport food B．transport people C．move water D．go sightseeing 33．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?A．The Grand Canal is helping to move water.B．Why the canal was built and how it is used now.C．The Grand Canal was used for transporting grain.D．How the Grand Canal became widely famous.34．The underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to ________.A．Chinese government B．the Grand Canal C．ships D．water 35．What is the main purpose of the passage?A．To invite you to take a boat trip on the Grand Canal.B．To tell us why few people know about The Grand Canal.C．To describe the future of the Grand Canal.D．To introduce some facts about the Grand Canal.Baidu’s robotaxi (萝卜快跑) is experiencing an order increase in Wuhan, Hubei Province, which has been drawing public attention and leading to heated discussions. Robotaxis are driverless taxis, which makes travel easier and more comfortable. People can book robotaxis atany time through the Baidu apps. Taking a robotaxi is cheaper than a traditional one. The vehicle is clean and smart, allowing passengers to choose their preferred music freely. “With no driver in the car, I can avoid communicating with others, making it easier to rest,” a local rider in Wuhan told the Global Times.A report from Baidu showed that there are 300 driverless taxis in Wuhan. In the first three months of 2024, orders for driverless taxis in Wuhan reached half of all ride-hailing (打车) services. It increased to 70 percent in April, with expectations of keeping rapid growth ahead. In fact, the service has been introduced to many cities in China. As for now, Baidu has started tests the service in 11 cities, including Beijing, Wuhan, Chongqing, Shenzhen and Shanghai.However, not everyone prefers the new way of ride-hailing. Robotaxis also have some drawbacks. “The waiting time is long, taking 8-10 minutes from order to arrival, and the driving speed is slow, not a good choice for passengers in a hurry,” one rider complained. What’s more, the rising need for lower-price robotaxi worries taxi drivers.Driverless technology has gradually entered our daily life, and it will change the world. All we need to do is look at it correctly, think calmly, and actively accept the arrival of each new technological change.36．How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1?A．By listing numbers.B．By presenting facts.C．By starting a discussion.D．By sharing an experience.37．What does the underlined word “drawbacks” probably mean in Paragraph 3?A．缺点B．特色C．愿景D．失误38．Why are taxi drivers worried about the rise of robotaxis?A．Because robotaxis are more comfortable.B．Because robotaxis are cheaper.C．Because robotaxis are faster.D．Because robotaxis are smarter.39．What can be inferred from the text?A．Robotaxis have become the main way of ride-hailing in China.B．Price is no longer a problem for passengers now.C．Passengers in a hurry may prefer traditional taxis.D．Robotaxis beat traditional taxis in all ways.40．What is the author’s attitude towards the growth of Baidu’s robotaxi business?A．Doubtful.B．Unclear.C．Worried.D．Supportive.四、任务型阅读We caught up with 16-year-old Australian world champion climber Angie Scarth-Johnson to find out how she had gotten to this point in her life.Q: What got you into climbing?A: Like many kids, I was always climbing trees when I was little. I started to have accidents that sometimes led to me making hospital visits. Then when I was seven, mum finally found the solution to my strange climbing addiction (嗜好)—a climbing gym. And it changed my life.Q: You were only nine when you climbed a grade (攀岩难度路线). What do you make of that?A: That’s one of the most unforgettable moments of my life. It’s hard to explain how significant (意义重大的) achieving a grade 31 at nine is. It requires physical strength that most kids don’t have. When I climbed as grade 31, I never thought of it as being unachievable—it was just a challenge. And it was the moment when I felt anything was possible. I think of this when something starts to feel impossible now.Q: Why do you like climbing so much?A: I tried many sports but I never got that feeling of freedom that climbing can give to me. I’m in complete control of my mind. I can only feel the movement of my body. When I’m finally able to reach the top, it is a feeling like no other.Q: What advice do you have for new climbers?A: Make a big goal and just go for it. I’d never be in this position if I step back. Go beyond expectations and continue to believe it’s possible even if it’s never been done before. And this mindset (思维模式) can be used throughout your life.41．What did Angie like to do when she was a kid?42．What does the underlined word “it” refer to?43．Why does achieving a grade 31 seem impossible for a nine-year-old?44．How did Angie feel after she had successfully climbed a grade 31?45．What made Angie successful? (give at least 2 reasons)五、阅读理解Listening is a very important skill. Good communication always starts with good listening. But the skill of listening does not come naturally. 46Ask Good QuestionsWhen someone comes to you with a problem, it is natural for you to give them advice. However, instead of giving advice, asking good questions is more important. It shows that you are interested in what people are telling you. 47Avoid too much NoddingNodding while listening to people shows that you are listening carefully. 48 If you nod too much, it may make people feel uncomfortable as they may think you are just trying to agree with everything.49You also need to pay attention while people are speaking. It is rude to speak while others are still talking. Even if you want the speaker to explain something for you, wait until they finish their part.Follow UpTo show your further concern about people, you can go beyond just listening to them.50 It is an act that shows your care and support.A．However, you need to pay attention not to do it too often.B．Be PatientC．Try to make a phone call or text them after the talk.D．It also helps deepen your understanding.E．Here are a few tips to help you become a good listener.六、补全对话请根据对话内容, 从下面所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。