Specialized structures
• Haustorium 吸器 • Biotrophic infectious hyphae
侵染剂量infection dosage
➢病原物成功侵入往往需要一定的数量,群体 效应。植 物病原物完成侵染所需的最低接种体数量称为侵染剂量 (infection dosage)。 ➢侵染剂量因病原物的种类、病原菌的活性、寄主品种 的抗病性和侵入部位而不同。
• Penetration via natural openings
• 气孔:引起叶斑病的多种真菌、细菌。 • 水孔:叶尖、叶缘。十字花科黑腐病 “V”
• 皮孔:枝干、果实、块根、块茎
• 蜜腺:梨火疫病
Colonization
• Growth and/or reproduction of the pathogen in/on infected tissues
Inoculum Release Pathogenesis Primary Infection Secondary Infection Overwintering/oversummering Transmission
生活史 (Life Cycle)
• The sequence of life stages that an organism undergoes from birth to reproduction ending with the generation of the offspring.
Plant roots secrete a wide range of compounds; among those are sugars and amino acids that are engaged in attracting (chemotaxis) microbes (1), flavonoids act as signaling molecules to initiate interactions with mycorrhiza (AM fungi) (2), rhizobium and (3) pathogenic fungi (oomycetes) (4), aliphatic acids (e.g., malic acid) are involved in recruiting specific plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (Bacillus subtilis)