【百强名校】北京首师大附中 2020-2021 学年度第第一次月考试卷 高三英语试题 2020.9.17

北京市海淀区首都师范大学附属中学2020-2021学年10月高三上学期月考物理试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单选题1．如图所示，用轻绳OA把球挂在光滑的竖直墙壁上，O点为绳的固定点，B点为球与墙壁的接触点．现保持固定点O不动，将轻绳OA加长、使绳与墙壁的夹角θ变小，则球静止后与绳OA加长之前相比（）A．绳对球的拉力变小B．球对墙壁的压力变小C．墙壁对球的支持力不变D．球所受的合力变大2．已知万有引力常量G，那么在下列给出的各种情景中，能根据测量的数据求出火星平均密度的是A．在火星表面使一个小球做自由落体运动，测出下落的高度H和时间tB．发射一颗贴近火星表面绕火星做圆周运动的飞船，测出飞船的周期TC．观察火星绕太阳的圆周运动，测出火星的直径D和火星绕太阳运行的周期T D．发射一颗绕火星做圆周运动的卫星，测出卫星绕火星运行的轨道半径r和卫星的周期Tt=时，将一金属小球从弹簧3．如图所示，质量不计的弹簧竖直固定在水平面上，0正上方某一高度处由静止释放，小球落到弹簧上压缩弹簧到最低点，然后又被弹起离开弹簧，上升到一定高度后再下落，如此反复．通过安装在弹簧下端的压力传感器，得到弹簧弹力F随时间t变化的图象如图所示，若图像中的坐标值都已知量，重力加速度为g，下列说法正确的是（）A ．1t 时刻小球具有最大速度B ．12~t t 阶段小球减速C ．2t 时刻小球加速度为0D ．可以计算出小球自由下落的高度4．一个水平放置的弹簧振子在A 、B 两点间做简谐运动， O 为平衡位置，如图所示．设水平向右方向为正方向，以某一时刻作计时起点（0t ），经14周期，振子具有正方向最大加速度．那么，在图所示的几个振动图像中（x 表示振子离开平衡位置的位移），能正确反映该振子振动情况的是（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．5．图甲为一列简谐波某时刻的波形图，图乙是这列波中质点P 从此时刻开始的振动图线，那么该波的传播速度v 和传播方向分别是（ ）A．25m/sv=，向右传播B．50m/sv=，向右传播C．25m/sv=，向右传播D．50m/sv=，向左传播6．一般的曲线运动可以分成很多小段，每小段都可以看成圆周运动的一部分，即把整条曲线用系列不同半径的小圆弧来代替．如图甲所示，曲线上的A点的曲率圆定义为：在曲线上某一点A点和邻近的另外两点分别做一圆，当邻近的另外两点无限接近A点时，此圆的极线位置叫做曲线A点处的曲率圆，其曲率圆半径R叫做A点的曲率半径．现将一物体沿与水平面成θ角的方向以速度0v抛出，如图乙所示．不计空气阻力，则在其轨迹最高点P处的曲率半径r是（）A．2vgB．22sinvgθC．2sin cos2vgθθπD．22cosvgθ二、多选题7．如图，小球在倾角为θ的斜面上方O点处以速度v0水平抛出，落在斜面上的A点时速度的方向与斜面垂直，重力加速度为g，根据上述条件可以求出（）A．小球O点到A点的时间B．O点距离地面的高度C．小球在A点速度的大小D．小球从O点到A点的水平距离8．有一种大型娱乐器械可以让人体验超重和失重，其环形座舱套在竖直柱子上，由升降机送上几十米的高处，然后让座舱自由下落．落到一定位置时，制动系统启动，座舱做减速运动，到地面时刚好停下．下列说法中正确的是（）A．座舱自由下落的过程中人处于失重状态B．座舱自由下落的过程中人处于超重状态C．座舱减速下落的过程中人处于失重状态D．座舱减速下落的过程中人处于超重状态l固定一钉子P，把线拉直直至水平，9．细线系着小球悬于O点，线长为1，在O点正下方34无初速度释放，当线碰到钉子时（）A．小球的向心加速度增大B．小球的速度增大C．小球的角速度增大D．线的拉力增大10．发射地球同步卫星时，先将卫星发射至近地圆轨道1，然后点火，使其沿椭圆轨道2运行，最后再次点火．将卫星送人同步圆轨道3，轨道1、2相切于Q点，轨道2、3相切于P点（如图），则当卫星分别在1、2、3轨道上运行时，以下说法正确的是（）A．卫星在轨道1运行的周期大于沿轨道3运行的周期B．卫星在轨道2由Q向P运行过程中动能变小，势能增大C．卫星在轨道1上经过Q点时的加速度小于它在轨道2上经过Q点时的加速度D．卫星在轨道2上经过P点的速率小于它在轨道3上经过P点的速率11．质量为M 和m 的两个质点，相距为r ，两者之间万有引力势能为p Mm E G r=-，该结论对于质量分布均匀的球体也成立．现有一质量为m 的卫星绕地球做半径为r 的匀速圆周运动，已知地球质量为e M ，半径为R ，地表的重力加速度为g ，则（ ）AB ．卫星的动能为k e M m E Gr= C ．卫星的机械能为2e M m E G r =- D ．要发射一颗能摆脱地球束缚的卫星，发射结束至少需要的初动能为2Mm G R12．一雨滴从空中由静止开始沿竖直方向落下，若雨滴下落过程中所受重力保持不变，且空气对雨滴阻力随其下落速度的增大而增大，则图所示的图象中可能正确反映雨滴整个下落过程运动情况的是（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ． 13．如图所示，在水平桌上叠放着质量相等的A 、B 两块木板，在木板A 上放着一个物块C ，木板和物块均处于静止状态．已知物块c 的质量为M ，A 、B 、C 之间以及B 与地面之间的动摩擦因数均为μ.用水平恒力F 向右拉动木板A 使之做匀加速运动，物块C 始终与木板A 保持相对静止.设最大静摩擦力与滑动摩擦力大小相等，重力加速度为g ．则以下判断正确的是（ ）A ．A 、C 之间的摩擦力可能为零B ．A 、B 之间的摩擦力不为零，大小可能等于mg μC ．A 、B 之间的摩擦力大小一定小于FD ．木板B 一定保持静止三、实验题14．在验证机械能守恒定律的实验中，质量m =200g 的重锤拖着纸带由静止开始下落，在下落过程中，打点计时器在纸带上打出一系列的点．在纸带上选取三个相邻计数点A 、B 和C ，相邻计数点时间间隔为0.100s ，O 为重锤开始下落时记录的点，各计数点到O 点的距离如图所示，长度单位是cm ，当地重力加速度g 为9.80m/s 2．(1)打点计时器打下计数点B 时，重锤下落的速度V B __________m/s （保留三位有效数字）. (2)从打下计数点O 到打下计数点B 的过程中，重锤重力势能减小量ΔE p =__________J ，重锤动能增加量ΔE k =__________J （保留三位有效数字）.(3)即使在实验操作规范，数据测量及数据处理均正确的前提下，该实验求得的△E p 通常略大于△E k ，这是由于实验存在系统误差，该系统误差产生的主要原因是：______________________________．15．一小球作平抛运动，如图所示为闪光照片的记录，闪光照相机每隔0.1s 闪光一次， g 为210m/s 则(1)背景正方形格子的边长为__________ cm ．(2)小球运动的初速度为__________ m/s ， B 点的速度大小为__________ m/s ．四、解答题16．如图所示，用一个平行于斜面向上的恒力将质量10.0kg m =的箱子从斜坡底端由静止推上斜坡，斜坡与水平面的夹角37θ=︒，推力的大小100N F =，斜坡长度4.8m s =，木箱底面与斜坡的动摩擦因数0.20μ=．重力加速度g 取210m/s ，且已知sin370.60︒=， cos370.80︒=．求：(1)木箱沿斜坡向上滑行的加速度的大小．(2)木箱到滑斜坡顶端时速度的大小．17．2008年9月25日21点10分，我国继“神舟”五号、六号载人飞船后又成功地发射了“神舟”七号载人飞船．飞船绕地飞行五圈后成功变轨到距地面一定高度的近似圆形轨道．航天员翟志刚于27日16点35分开启舱门，开始进行令人振奋的太空舱外活动．已知地球表面的重力加速度为g ，地球半径为R ，飞船运行的圆轨道距地面的高度为h ，忽略地球自转的影响，求：（1）飞船绕地球运行加速度的大小；（2）飞船绕地球运行的周期．18．如图所示，半径0.40m R =的竖直半圆形光滑轨道在B 点与水平面平滑连接，一个质量0.50kg m =的小滑块（可视为质点）以一定的初速度从A 点开始运动，经B 点进入圆轨道，沿圆轨道运动刚好通过最高点C ，落在水平面上的D 点．已知滑块与水平面的动摩擦因数0.10µ=， AB 间的距离28.0m s =，重力加速度210m/s g =．求：(1)滑块通过C 点时的速度大小．(2) D 、B 间的距离的大小．(3)滑块在A 点的初速度大小．19．如图甲所示，质量都为m ，大小可忽略的a 、b 两小球用不可伸长的等长轻质细线悬挂起来，线长均为l ，使小球a 在竖直平面内来回摆动，小球b 在水平面内做匀速圆周运动，连接小球b 的细线与竖直方向的夹角和小球a 摆动时绳子偏离竖直方向的最大夹角都为θ，运动过程中两绳子拉力大小随时间变化的关系如图乙中c 、d 所示．求θ和小球b 的角速度．20．神奇的黑洞是近代引力理论所预言的一种特殊天体，探寻黑洞的方案之一是观测双星系统的运动规律．天文学家观测河外星系大麦哲伦云时，发现了LMCX 3-双星系统，它由可见星A 和不可见的暗星B 构成，两星视为质点，不考虑其他天体的影响． A 、B 围绕两者连线上的O 点做匀速圆周运动，它们之间的距离保持不变，如图所示．引力常量为G ，由观测能够得到可见星A 的速率v 和运行周期T ．(1)可见星A 所受暗星B 的引力a F 可等效为位于O 点处质量为m '的星体（视为质点）对它的引力，设A 和B 的质量分别为1m 、2m ，试求m '（用1m 、2m 表示）．(2)求暗星B 的质量2m 与可见星A 的速率v 、运行周期T 和质量1m 之间的关系式．(3)恒星演化到末期，如果其质量大于太阳质量s m 的2倍，它将有可能成为黑洞．若可见星A 的速率52.710m/s v =⨯，运行周期44.710s T π=⨯，质量16s m m =，试通过估算来判断暗星B 有可能是黑洞吗？（11226.6710N m /kg G -=⨯⋅， 302.010kg s m =⨯）参考答案1．B【解析】对球进行受力分析，如图所示：因球合力为零，故有： cos mg T θ=． tan F mg θ=．当θ变小时， T 减小， F 减小，球合力不变仍为零．故选B ．2．B【解析】【详解】 设月球质量为M ，半径为R ，月球表面重力加速度为g ；小球做自由落体运动，则有：H=12gt 2，故月球表面重力加速度22H g t =；根据月球表面物体的重力等于万有引力，有：G 2 Mm R=mg ，所以月球质量2222gR HR M G Gt ==，月球的密度2233423M H G Rt R ρπ==．由于月球半径R 未知，故月球的密度无法求解，故A 错误；贴近月球表面做匀速圆周运动的飞船，根据万有引力等于向心力得2224Mm G m R R T π=，得2324R M GT π=，月球的密度233 43MGT R πρπ==，已知G 和T ，所以可以求出月球的密度．故B 正确；观察月球绕地球的匀速圆周运动，测出月球的运行周期T ，如再加上月球的轨道半径，能求出地球的质量，不能求出月球的质量，因而也求不出月球的密度．故C 错误；发射一绕月球做圆周运动的卫星，根据万有引力等于向心力得2224()Mm G m H R H R Tπ=++（），由于R 未知，求不出月球的质量，因而也求不出月球的密度．故D 错误； 故选B ．【点睛】对于万有引力的应用问题，一般由重力加速度可求得中心天体质量，或根据万有引力做向心力求得中心天体的质量．要建立模型，理清思路，灵活运用向心力的公式．3．D【解析】t 1时刻小球刚接触弹簧，速度仍会增大，直至弹簧弹力与小球重力相等时，小球才达到最大速度，故A 错误． 12~t t 这段时间内，弹簧处于开始压缩到达到最大压缩量的过程，合力先向下后向上，故先加速后减速，故B 错误．由B 选项分析知， 2t 时刻弹簧后缩量最大，故小球加速度不为0，C 错误． 34~t t 这段时间小球在空中运动，由此可知小球做自由落体运动时间为432t t t -=，由()2432128g t t h gt -==求得小球自由下落高度，故D 正确．故选D.点睛：解答该题关键要将小球的运动分为自由下落过程、向下的加速和减速过程、向上的加速和减速过程进行分析处理，同时要能结合图象分析．4．D【解析】由题，某一时刻作计时起点（t=0），经1/4周期，振子具有正方向最大加速度，位移为负方向最大，即在A 点，说明t=0时刻质点经过平衡位置向左，则x=0，在1/4周期内位移向负方向最大变化．故选D.5．D【解析】由图象知简谐波的波长λ10m =，周期0.2s T =，由v T λ=可求得波的传播速度1050m/s 0.2v T λ===．由质点P 的振动图象知此时质点P 向上振动，则根据同侧法得波的传播方向为左，故D 正确．故选D ．6．D【解析】由题意知物体运动至P 点时可看作速度为0cos v θ，运动半径为r 的圆周运动，由n F F =合知()20cos v mg m r θ=求得220cos v r gθ=，故D 正确．故选D ． 点睛：曲率半径，一个新的概念，平时不熟悉，但根据题目的介绍可知，求曲率半径也就是求在该点做圆周运动的半径，读懂题目的真正意图，本题就可以解出了．7．ACD【解析】小球速度方向与斜面垂直，根据平行四边形定则知，tanθ=v 0gt ，故t =v 0gtanθ，故A正确．由时间t 可根据y =12gt 2求得小球下降高度，而计算不出O 点离地面高度，故B 错误．由平行四边形定则知：v A =v 0sinθ，故C 正确．小球从O 点到A 点的水平距x =v 0t =v02gtanθ，故D正确．故选ACD ．点睛：解决本题的关键知道平抛运动在水平方向和竖直方向上的运动规律，结合运动学公式灵活求解． 8．AD 【解析】座舱自由下落过程加速度竖直向下，故处于失重状态，A 正确，B 错误．座舱减速下落的过程中加速度竖直向上，故处于超重状态，C 错误，D 正确．故选AD ．点睛：判断一个物体处于超重和失重的条件是：若加速度向上则超重，若加速度向下则失重． 9．ACD【解析】小球运动至最低点时，线与钉子相碰时会使小球做圆周运动的半径减小，而速度不变，故B 错误．由a n =v 2r知此时小球向心加速度增大，A 正确．由ω=vr 知此时小球角速度增大，故C 正确．由F =mg +mv 2r知此时小球拉力增大，故D 正确．故选ACD.点睛：解决本题的关键要掌握线速度、角速度、向心加速度之间的关系，以及知道在本题中悬线碰到钉子的前后瞬间，线速度大小不变． 10．BD 【解析】由2224πGMm r m r T ⋅=知T =1运行周期小于沿轨道3运行周期，故A 错误．由开普勒第二定律知卫星经轨道2由Q 向P 运动过程中速度减小，即动能减小，势能增大，故B 正确．卫星在轨道1上经过Q 点时与在轨道2上经过Q 点时受力相同，故加速度相同，则C 错误．卫星在轨道2上经过P 点点火加速才跑到轨道3上，故卫星在轨道2上经过P 点速率小于轨道3上P 点速率，故D 正确．故选BD ． 11．AC 【解析】由21v mg m R =知1v =，故A 正确．由22e GM m mv r r=知v =2k 122e GM m E mv r==，故B 错误．由B 选项分析得卫星机械能：k p 22e e e GM m GM m GM mE E E r r r=+=-=-，故C 正确．因发射后的卫星在脱离地球束缚过程中机械能守恒，则有：kmin p 0E E +=．kmin 0e GM m E R -=．kmin =e GM mE R -．故D 错误．故选AC ． 12．AC 【解析】考点：牛顿第二定律；匀变速直线运动的速度与时间的关系． 专题：牛顿运动定律综合专题．分析：雨滴下落的过程中受重力和阻力，阻力随速度增大而增大，根据牛顿第二定律，判断加速度的变化，以及根据加速度方向与速度的方向关系判断速度的变化． 解答：解：根据牛顿第二定律得，a=，速度增大，阻力增大，加速度减小，雨滴做加速度减小的加速运动，当加速度减小到零，雨滴做匀速直线运动．故A 、C 正确，B 、D 错误． 故选AC ．点评：解决本题的关键会通过牛顿第二定律，根据物体的受力情况判断物体的运动情况． 13．CD 【解析】先对木块B 受力分析，竖直方向受重力、压力和支持力，水平方向受A 对B 向右的摩擦力AB f 和地面对B 向左的摩擦力DB f ，由于A 对B 的最大静摩擦力()m M g μ+小于地面对B的最大静摩擦力(2)m M g μ+，故物体B 一定保持静止，故D 正确．物体C 向右加速运动，故受重力、支持力和向右的静摩擦力，根据牛顿第二定律，有：=f ma ，故A 错误．A 与B 之间的摩擦力()AB f M m g mg μμ=+>，故B 错误．对AC 整体研究，受重力、支持力、拉力和向左的摩擦力，根据牛顿第二定律，有：()AB F f M m a -=+，故AB F f >，故C 正确．故选CD ．点睛：本题关键灵活地选择研究对象进行受力分析，然后根据牛顿第二定律列式判断；突破口在于确定B 物体的运动情况．14．2.91 0.856 0.847 重锤和纸带都会受到阻力作用，机械能有损失【解析】（1）重锤下落速度v B =x AC 2T=(77.60−19.45)×10−22×0.100=2.91m/s ．（2）从O 到B 过程，重锤重力势能减小量ΔE p ：ΔE p =mgℎOB =200×10−3×9.80×43.68×10−2=0.856J ． 重锤动能增加量ΔE k ：ΔE k =12mV B 2=12×200×10−3×2.912=0.847J ．（3）实验求得ΔE p 略大于ΔE k 原因是：重锤和纸带都会受到阻力作用，机械能有损失． 点睛：纸带的处理在高中实验中用到多次，需要牢固的掌握．实验原理是比较减少的重力势能和增加的动能之间的关系，围绕实验原理记忆实验过程和出现误差的原因． 15． 10 3 3.91【解析】（1）由竖直方向小球做匀变速直线运动，有2y gT∆=．即2100.10.1m 10cm y ∆=⨯==．则正方形格子边长为10cm L y =∆=．（2）由水平方向小球做匀速直线运动，有03L v T =3．解得0330.13m/s 0.1L v T ⨯===． B 点竖直方向的速度5 2.5m/s 220.1AC y y Lv T ===⨯．则B 点速度 3.91m/s B v ===． 16．(1)2.4m/s 2(2)4.8m/s【解析】（1）对物体进行受力分析，沿斜面方向有： sin37F mg f ma -︒-=．① 滑动摩擦力N f f μ=．②垂直于斜面方向有： cos37N F mg =︒ ③ 由①②③解得： 22.4m/s a =．（2）根据匀变速直线运动位移速度公式： 2202v v ax =+代入数据求得： 4.8m/s v =．17．（1）22()R g R h + （2）2 【解析】试题分析：（1）在地球表面的物体受到的重力等于万有引力2MmG mg R=，得2GM R g = 根据万有引力提供向心力()2MmGma R h +＝，得()()222MmR ga R h R h ++＝＝（2）根据万有引力提供向心力()()2224MmG m R h T R h ＝π++，得22T ππ=＝考点：考查了万有引力定律的应用【名师点睛】在万有引力这一块，涉及的公式和物理量非常多，掌握公式222224Mm v r G m m r m ma r r Tπω===在做题的时候，首先明确过程中的向心力，然后弄清楚各个物理量表示的含义，最后选择合适的公式分析解题，另外这一块的计算量一是非常大的，所以需要细心计算18．（1）2m/s C v =（2）0.8m DB x =．（3）6m/s A v =【解析】（1）因滑块恰好通过最高点，则20mv mg R=解得2m/s C v ===．（2）滑块从C 点之后做平抛运动，则：2122R gt =得0.4s t ===． DB C x v t =⋅，得20.40.8m DB x =⨯=（3）滑块从A 运动到C 过程，列动能定理，有22211222C A mgs mg R mv mv μ--⋅=-． 代入数据求得6m/s A v =．19．60v =︒， w =【解析】由a 运动特点知球a 在最高点时拉力为0F ，在最低点时拉力为04F ，在这两点分别对球a 进行受力分析： 最高点0cos F mg θ=．①最低点204a v F mg m l-=．②从最高点到最低点对球a 列动能定理式子，即()211cos 2a mgl mv θ-=．③ 由①②③求得60θ=︒． 对球b 进行受力分析：tan x F mg θ=+．④又因2sin x n F F m l ωθ==⋅⋅⋅．⑤由④⑤解得ω=点睛：本题要分析清楚两小球的运动情况，知道指向圆心的合力提供小球做圆周运动的向心力，应用机械能守恒定律与牛顿第二定律即可正确解题． 20．（1）()32212m m m m +'=．（2）()3322122Tm v Gm m π=+．（3）暗星B 有可能星黑洞 【解析】（1）设A 、B 两颗星的轨道半径分别为1r 、2r ，由题意可知， A 、B两颗星做匀速圆周运动的角速度相同，设其为ω，由牛顿定律可知，有211A F m r ω=， 222B F m r ω=， A B F F =．设A 、B 两颗星之间的距离为r ，又12r r r =+，由上述各式得122=m m r m + 1r ．① 由万有引力定律，有122A m m F G r =将①代入得()31222121A m m F G m m r =+． 令121A m m F G r '=，比较可得()32212m m m m +'=．② （2）由牛顿第二定律，有211211m m v G m r r '=．③又可见星A 的轨道半径12vTr π=．④ 由②③④式解得()3322122m v T Gm m π=+．⑤ （3）将16s m m =代入⑤式，得()3322226s m v TG m m π=+，代入数据得()3222 3.5m 6s m m m =+．⑥ 设2(0)s m nm N =>，将其代入⑥式，得()32222 3.5661s s s m n m m m m n ==+⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭．⑦可见，分的值随()32226s m m m +的值随n 的增大而增大，试令2n =，得20.125 3.561s s s n m m m n =<⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭．⑧若使⑦式成立，则n 必大于2，即暗星B 的质量2m 必大于2ms ，由此得出结论：暗星B 有可能是黑洞．得出结论，暗星有可能是黑洞．点睛：对于双星问题一定要抓住两个条件：一是周期相同；二是半径之和等于他们的距离，运用隔离法，由牛顿运动定律解题．。

2020-2021学年首都师范大学附属实验学校高三英语一模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AHubeiProvincehas long been a favorite Chinese tourist destination because of its natural scenery, historic cities, and beautiful mountains. Here are some of the best places to visit inHubeiProvince.YellowCraneTowerYellowCraneToweris known as one of the Three Famous Towers South of Yangtze River, together withYueyangTowerinHunanand Tengwang Pavilion inJiangxi. The history ofYellowCraneTowerdates back to the Three Kingdoms period (220-280) in Chinese history. The tower was used as a watchtower by the King of Wu's army in the beginning.Enshi Grand CanyonEnshi Grand Canyon can beChina's answer to the Grand Canyon inArizona, theUnited Statesin beauty. The canyon runs 108 kilometers and occupies a land area of 3,000 square kilometers. The region where Enshi Grand Canyon is located used to be a vast sea with many limestone deposits 230 million years ago.Shennongjia Scenic AreaIt is famous for its varied plant species as well as mountains. Regarded as the “Lungs of Central China", the forest coverage reaches over 90 percent of the area. Due to the special climate, it is neither too hot in summer nor too cold in winter. Sometimes clouds stretch around mountains, rewarding tourists with unforgettable views. Besides, the area is home to some rare animals such as golden monkeys, white bears and antelope.The Three-Gorge Tribe scenic spotLocated in the area of the Xiling Gorge in the city ofYichang, it has the beauty of landscape paintings. The spot is a “ProtectedCenterof the Popular Culture and Art of the Three Gorges”. Since ancient times, a lot of famous scholars have produced a great number of excellent poems praising the beauty of this place, some of which are carved on the stones along theYangtze River.1. What is special aboutYellowCraneTower?A. It has a long history.B. It offers a scenic view.C. It once served war's purposes.D. It is the best-known tower inChina2. Why is the Grand Canyon inArizonamentioned ?A. To explain its popularity inChina.B. To help readers know more about it.C. To prove the beauty of the Chinese canyon.D. To show differences between the two canyons.3. Which place will a Chinese literature lover probably visit?A. Enshi Grand Canyon.B.YellowCraneTower.C. Shennongjia Scenic Area.D. TheThree-Gorge Tribe scenic spot.BIvy League schools are considered to be the most prestigious of all colleges in the United States. These schools are primarily located in the Northeastern part of the country. There are eight total colleges that are considered to be Ivy League. These schools are Brown, Harvard, Cornell, Princeton, Dartmouth, Yale, and Columbia universities and the University of Pennsylvania. Of all institutions of higher learning, these elite schools are considered to be the most outstanding and the most sought-after in terms of acceptance and graduation.The term “Ivy League” came about in 1954 when the NCAA athletic conference for Division I was formed. At the time, the elitism of these schools was really due to their prestige in the realm of sports like basketball. Although the term “Ivy League” was not created until the 1950s, many of these schools were in existence as far back as 1636, when John Harvard became the first benefactor of Harvard University.Although this group of elite schools is considered to be part of one big league of the elite, there have been plenty of internal rivalries over the years. The sports that these colleges play were so popular that some teams began playing games in New York City so spectators could come from far away and watch the games. The popularity of both the athletes who played and the college team rivalries brought in a good deal of attention to the schools as well as revenue from ticket sales. There have also been academic rivalries between schools. Mostly, these rivalries are a matter of opinion in terms of which school has the most honor graduates, which schools offer the most prestigious scholarships, and what famous graduates have come from each school.Each Ivy League college has its own unique accomplishments that make it important. All carry a certain reputation with them, and each school has programs that excel primarily in the medical and law fields, makingthem some of the most sought-after schools in the world. Their admission process is very selective, which helps the schools ensure that they only accept the best and brightest. Many famous people have graduated from Ivy League schools, including recent presidents George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and Barack Obama. This prestige leads many to believe that these colleges are only for the wealthy and elite. Often, companies look for Ivy League graduates as potential employees, usually preferred by law firms, medical facilities, and large corporations. It has long beencovetedto have earned a degree from an Ivy League school. Today, the Ivy League schools are still excellent in both academia and in sports, and they have left a legacy of higher education with an exceptional track record and reputation to go along with them.4. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Ivy League schools were initially famous for their reputation in sports.B. Ivy League schools didn’t come into existence until the 1950s.C. Ivy League schools do not compete with each other within the league.D. Ivy League schools are most popular for their excellence in the medical and law fields.5. Which of the following aspects is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. The history of the Ivy LeagueB. The rivalry of the Ivy LeagueC. The accomplishments and cultural impacts of the Ivy LeagueD. The future development of the Ivy League6. Why do many people believe that Ivy League colleges are only for the wealthy and elite?A. Because they are the most sought-after schools in the world.B. Because they have selective admission process to help ensure the quality of their students.C. Because many famous people have graduated from Ivy League schools.D. Because manycompanies look for Ivy League graduates as potential employees.7. What does the underlined word “coveted” in the last paragraph probably mean?A. advocatedB.DesiredC. restrictedD. sponsoredCLast summer, I spent four months working in France, where the company I was working for put me up in a house that didn’t have Wi-Fi. I wasn’t looking forward to it.I soon discovered, however, that living in a house without Wi-Fi was easier than I expected.Contact between my friends and family was significantly reduced to the odd text message here and there. I couldn’t enjoy my usual web browsing on BBC iPlayer, social media sites, keeping up to date with the news, or even wanting to know the opening hours of shops in the new area I was in.I didn’t, however, spend a full four months without connecting to a Wi-Fi network. It was only a five minute walk to the reception where I could connect for free and spend as much time online as I wanted to at my own leisure. It made me think , though , how unnecessary it can be , how unnecessarily we rely on it—how we perhaps rely on it too much. As a person, I was more sociable. I spent more time with my housemates instead of hiding behind a computer screen. I did other things that I wouldn’t necessarily have done if I could have browsed the web at my leisure. I read more, I cooked meals for my friends, and I even tidied up more often. Dare I say it; I learned how to live without Wi-Fi. Dare I say it; I found it was easier than I had imagined.8. What was the writer’s first feeling when finding her house had no Wi-Fi?A. Unexpected.B. Angry.C. Shocked.D. Depressed.9. How did the writer keep in touch with her friends and family without Wi-Fi?A. By writing regularly.B. By text message.C. By video calls.D. By telegram.10. What was the writer’s life like without Wi-Fi?A. Dull.B. Lonely.C. Active.D. Relaxing.11. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. A life without Wi-FiB. Different views on the InternetC. The disadvantages of Wi-FiD. How to use the InternetDPhotographer Rebecca Douglas has always been fascinated by the night sky. Her love for stars has taken theU.K.resident on “star walking” trips toIcelandand into theArctic, where she steps out onto darkened trails to capture twinkling stars and glowing planets in her images.Hiking at night isn’t uncommon. Plenty of people hike after dark to get to campsites or watch the sunrise from a mountaintop. Star walking goes a step further by blending hiking with stargazing. Rather than heading to an observatory or setting up a telescope in your backyard,star walking takes you on a brief journey to look at the stars from different viewpoints.Whether you’re in the mountainside or by the lake with stars reflecting on the water, star walking is often much more dynamic than traditional stargazing.What’s more, star walking is good for you. There are plenty of studies that show the health benefits of being in nature. Spending at least two hours a week outdoors, particularly while engaging in what involves “effortless attention”, can decrease blood pressure, heart rate, and stress levels.So how does an aspiring star walker get started? It doesn’t take much more than a sturdy pair of boots.While telescopes and binoculars obviously have their uses, people are encouraged to start with naked-eye stargazing. Using only the eyes allows one to get lost in the infinite expanse of space and lets the mind go.It is advised that one read up on the night sky before heading out. Free mobile apps, such as Star Walk 2, can help identify celestial bodies（天体）and are easy to use—simply point your phone at the sky to reveal a map. Websites like Sky & Telescope and NASA’s Space Place cover the basics, have in-depth explanations on stars, and offer advice on equipment. Space Place posts monthly skywatching updates, so you can plan outings around events such as meteor showers.In the United States, national parks are great options for inexperienced night hikers. Many offer guided outings that explain the importance of protecting night skies. Those with a good number of walks under their belt may want to try GlacierNational Park in Montana.If national parks and other dark-sky designated areas are out of range, check local astronomy clubs and observatories for guided sessions. Sites like the International Astronomical Union are useful for finding resources by area.At the end of the day, the best advice is to take it slow and enjoy the journey.“With all of the chaos（混乱）that’s happening around us, the one constant has been the night sky,” explains Douglas, who hasbeen exploring popular places nearby, long after the crowds have gone home for the day. “Walking is quite a mindful way of looking up and being reminded that, although everything feels so different, some things are still the same.”12. According to the passage, star walking refers to ________.A. going to an observatoryB. looking at stars in mountainsC. combining hiking and stargazingD. setting up a telescope in the backyard13. One of the reasons why people go on a star walking is that _______.A. it’s easier to identify celestial bodiesB. it is good for physical and mental healthC. they can enjoy the journey without crowdsD. they can raise awareness of protecting night skies14. According to the passage, a star walking beginner is advised to _______.A. prepare a pair of strong bootsB. start by observing with telescopesC. join an astronomy club or an observatoryD. find guided outings with the help of mobile apps15. The main purpose of the passage is to ________.A. excite people’s interest in star walkingB. recommend some places for star walkingC. explain the health benefits of star walkingD. introduce the preparations for star walking第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021北京首师大附中高三（上）9月月考语文2021北京首师大附中高三（上）9月月考语文（满分120分）一：本大题共11小题，每题2分，共22分1、下列词语中加点的字，读音全部相同的一项是。

（）（2分）A. 首创创举悲怆满目疮痍B. 称谓名称称许瞠目结舌C. 枕藉慰藉蕴藉声名狼藉D. 角色侥幸矫正崭露头角2、下列词语中没有错别字的一项是（）（2分）A. 辐射出奇制胜计日程功皇皇不可终日B. 厮打声名鹊起相辅相成偷鸡不成蚀把米C. 赝品忧柔寡断贸然行事为山九仞功亏一篑D. 斡旋无耻谰言销脏灭迹蚍蜉撼大树可笑不自量3、下列各句中，加点字成语使用正确的一项是（）（2分）A. 不管是白发苍苍的老者，还是黄发垂髫的孩童，都被这盛大的场面深深的吸引住了。

B. 因为缺乏位置感和责任感，他们这几个干部根本就不关心老百姓的疾苦，在他们看来，平民意识犹如一块一文不名的破布。

C. 老师，您的好意，我只能敬谢不敏，因为我有自知之明，我做一名普通学生尚可，班长一职实难胜任。

D. 老校长拍着我们的肩头，语重心长地说：“你们是明日黄花，是祖国的未来和希望，一定要努力学习啊。

”4、下列各句中，没有语病的一项是。

（）（2分）5、把后面的句子填到两段话的横线上，最恰当的一组是（）（2分）人，这世界上最具灵性的动物，也离不开水的滋润。

让人具有水一般的不屈的性格。

巍峨险峻的大山拦不住汹涌的波涛，而汹涌的波涛却摧不折人类精神鼓起的风【1】水渗入了人的灵魂，合成人血肉之驱【2】水在合成人血肉之驱的同时，也渗入了人的灵魂【3】在大海的背景下，我听见了海明威崇拜的那位老人的呐喊【4】听吧，在大海的背景下海明威崇拜的那位老人在呐喊A. 【1】【3】B. 【2】【4】C. 【1】【4】D. 【2】【3】6、颜渊问仁，子曰：“克己复礼为仁。

一日克己复礼，天下归仁焉。

为仁由己，而由人乎哉？”颜渊曰：“请问其目？”子曰：“非礼勿视，非礼勿听，非礼勿言，非礼勿动。

2020-2021学年首都师范大学附属中学高三英语第一次联考试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AFour remarkable inventionsFor more than half a century, the Consumer Electronics Show(CES) has been the place for companies and inventors to display their newest and coolest gadgets.Here are our picks for some of the most interesting and creative inventions.The Sweet Little Rolling RobotSamsung has released Ballie, a tennis-sized robot that can follow you around the house, answer your questions, and entertain your pets. Since it's equipped with a camera, it can keep an eye on your home while you're away. It's like a smart assistant that goes wherever you do, rolling into your bedroom to ring your wake-up alarm, rolling to the kitchen to turn on the toaster and giving you the weather report as you brush your teeth.The Insoles to Pick Up Your PactAny runner knows the right shoes are key to your speed. But Nurvv insoles promise more than mere cushioning. The insoles transmit data to a coaching app, which offers information on your technique and performance. It measures your foot strike and assesses your injury risk. The app then generates personalized workouts to set targets and help you beat your best speeds. Half marathon, here you come!The No-Studio-Needed Yoga ClassCan't keep up your commitment to a yoga studio membership? The Yoganotch personal yoga assistant lets you drop into a virtual class any time you want. Follow along with a set series while 3-D sensors tell you whether you need to straighten your legs a bit more. The idea it that it improves your form while reducing the risk of injury.The Dau-Enhanced GrillWhile working by sight, smell and feel, a chef may appreciate Weber's new Smart Grilling Hub. It can monitor your pork and turkey while an app gives advice about cooking technique and safe temperatures.1. What can the Sweet Little Rolling Robot do?A. Feed your pets.B. Hay tennis with you.C. Take you wherever you want.D. Assist you to do your housework.2. Which of the following is suitable for a runner?A. Ballie.B. Nurvv.C. Yoganotch.D. Smart Grilling Hub.3. What do we know about the Weber’s invention?A. It uses virtual reality.B. It is convenient for cooking.C. It makes meals for you automatically.D. It helps you do well in your yoga exercises.BDogs are often referred to as “man's best friend”. But MacKenzie, a four-pound Chihuahua (奇瓦瓦狗), who was named winner of the 2020 American Hero Dog competition, is making the world a better place for humans and animals alike. Often called the “Oscars for dogs”, the award recognizes dogs who make great contributions to society.This year's competition attracted over 400 competitors from across the country. While all were impressive, it was tiny MacKenzie who won the judges' hearts. Born at a rescue shelter in Hilton, New York, in 2013, she had a cleft palate (腭裂) that required her to be tube fed for the first year of her life. A life-saving operation, performed in 2014, gave her the ability to eat and drink independently, enabling the tiny dog to focus on doing what she loved most: taking care of others.The seven-year-old Chihuahua is now gainfully “employed” by the Mid Foundation, a Rochester, New York-based non-profit organization that shelters and cares for animals born with disabilities. MacKenzie's official job is “to provide love and care for baby rescue animals born with birth defects”. The Chihuahua is good at her job and hasnurturedmany different species-from puppies to kittens to turkeys, squirrels, birds and even a goat. She acts as their mother and teaches them how to socialize, play, and have good manners.In addition to her role as an animal caretaker, MacKenzie also has the important job of greeting the foundation's volunteers and friends. The incredible dog, who has lost her ability to bark, also visits area schools to help children understand physical disabilities in both animals and people. Her heart-warming and inspiring story makes MacKenzie worthy of America's top dog honor!4. What made MacKenzie American Hero Dog?A. Being man's best friend.B. Her struggle with disabilities.C. Rescuing animals with disabilities.D. Her contributions to a better world.5. What can we infer about MacKenzie from Paragraph 2?A. Her growth path was not easy.B. She was deserted by her owner.C. She was operated on at two years old.D. She still needs taking care of by others.6. What does the underlined word “nurtured” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Trained.B. Comforted.C. Tended.D. Abused.7. Which can be a suitable title for the text?A. MacKenzie—The Most Hard-working DogB. MacKenzie—America's “Most Heroic Dog”C. Chihuahua—Inspiration of Positive EnergyD. Chihuahua—Appeal for Animals' ProtectionCWhile the start of a new school year is always exciting, this year was even more so for some elementary school students inAuckland,New Zealand. They became the world’s first kids to be “taught” by a digital teacher.Before you start imagining a human-like robot walking around the classroom, Will is just an avatar that appears on the student’s desktop, or smartphone screen, when ordered to come.The autonomous animation platform has been modeled after the human brain and nervous system, allowing it to show human-like behavior. The digital teacher is assigned to teach Vector’s “Be sustainable with energy”— a free program forAucklandelementary schools.Just like the humans it replaced, Will is able to instantly react to the students’ responses to the topic. Thanks to a webcam and microphone, the avatar not only responds to questions the kids may have, but also picks up non-verbal cues. For instance, if a student smiles at Will, he responds by smiling back. This two-way interaction not only helps attract the students’ attention, but also allows the program’s developers to monitor their engagement, and make changes if needed.Nikhil Ravishankar believes that Will-like avatars could be a novel way to catch the attention of the next generation. He says, “I have a lot of hope in this technology as a means to deliver cost-effective, rich, educational experience in the future.”The program, in place since August 2018, has been a great success thus far. Ravishankar says, “ What was fascinating to me was the reaction of the children to Will. The way they look at the world is so creative and different, and Will really captured their attention.” However, regardless of how popular it becomes, Will is unlikely to replace human educators any time soon.8. What was special for some elementary school students inAuckland?A. A digital teacher taught them.B. They first saw something digital.C. This was the start of a new school year.D. They could get close to smartphone screen.9. What is the benefit of this two-way interaction?A. It can smile back.B. It can use microphone.C. It can talk any topic for free.D. It can change if necessary.10. What’s Ravishankar’s attitude to Will’s replacing Human educators soon?A. Optimistic.B. Doubtful.C. Unclear.D. Disapproving.11. What might be the best title for the passage?A. New High-tech Contributes to EducationB. The World’s First Digital Teacher Appears in Classroom.C. The World’s First Digital Teacher, a Help to StudentsD.New ZealandWill Replace Teachers in ClassroomsDConducting interviews for news stories is an important skill for any journalist. To start, do as much research as you can and prepare a list of questions to ask. Once the interview starts, try to develop a rapport(融洽的关系) with your "source"—anyone a journalist interviews, but don't waste your time. If your source starts to talk about things that are clearly of no use to you, don't be afraid to gently but firmly turn the conversationback to the topic at hand.It's an old debate among journalists: Which works better when interviewing a source, taking notes (the old-fashioned way) or using a cassette or digital voice recorder? Both have their advantages and disadvantages. A reporter's notebook and a pen or pencil are the easy-to-use, time-honored tools of the interviewing trade, while recorders enable you to get everything someone says word for word. Which works better? It depends on what kind of story you're doing.Many beginning reporters complain that with a notepad and pen, they can never take down everything a source says in an interview. But you don't have to note everything down. Keep in mind that you're probably not going to use everything they say in your story. So don't worry if youlet slipa few things.So you've done a long interview with a source, you have pages of notes, and you're ready to write. But chances are you'll only be able to choose a few quotes from that information collected directly from the source.Which ones should you use? Reporters often talk about using only "good" quotes for their stories, but what does this mean? Broadly speaking, when someone says something interesting, and says it in an interesting way, that can make a good quote.12. What is a journalist advised to do during an interview?A. Be gentle with the source.B. Carry on a long conversation.C. Make the conversation interesting.D. Prevent the conversation being off-topic.13. What do the underlined words "let slip" in Paragraph 3 mean?A. give awayB. leave outC. get rid ofD. take up14. What is considered as a good quote for a reporter?A. A direct quote.B. An important point of view.C. A piece of basic information.D. Something funny a source says interestingly.15. What is the text mainly about?A. The job of a journalist.B. The process of interviewing.C Some facts about interviewing. D. The relationship between a journalist and a source.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年首都师范大学附属中学高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AA 21-year-old female student has become the youngest womanever to be elected as Mayor (市长) after first entering politics to campaign about food.Labor Party (工党) member Rosie Corrigan was elected as Mayor of Selby a market town in North Yorkshire, on Monday. The student’s election was unchallenged to the mayoralty, following a year serving as deputy mayor. Corrigan has just finished her second year studying politics at theUniversityofHull. A political activist since secondary school, lifelong Selby citizen Corrigan has always been ambitious. As a member of the UK Youth Parliament, she co-founded the Selby Youth council, and then went on to run for and win the local council election as a Labour candidate (候选人) aged just 18.Corrigan plan to use her year in office to further encourage political awareness in the youth of Selby. By breaking a political record of being the youngest woman ever elected inUKhistory, Corrigan hopes this will break the misunderstanding of Selby being a sleepy town with old-fashioned views. “It’s an honor to be the Mayor of my lovely hometown,” Corrigan told a newspaper. “I plan on using the year to encourage children and young people to champion their communities.”The politics student’s election has been supported whole heartedly by the politicians she has worked with throughout her early-developing career, including thebackingof former deputy Prime Minister (副首相) John Prescott. Simon Darvill said in an interview, “I hope that the success of Rosie and others like her encourages more young people to get involved in politics and change where they live for the better.”1. Which statement is true according to Paragraph 2?A. Corrigan is new to the political scene of Selby.B. Corrigan became interested in politics in childhood.C. Corrigan has been living in Selby since she was born.D. Corrigan founded the Selby Youth council by herself.2. What can we infer from Paragraph 3?A. Corrigan plans to further her time in office by at least a year.B. The people of Selby are passive and have out-of-date views.C. Corrigan is the youngest person ever elected inUKhistory.D. Corrigan intends to increase Selby’s youth’spolitical involvement.3. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “backing” in Paragraph 4?A. ApprovalB. AppreciationC. PraiseD. SupportBJIANLI, Hubei Province, June 2 (Xinhua) — A cruise ship carrying more than 450 people sank in the Yangtze River overnight, which could be China’s worst sinking disaster in decades. As of 6 p.m. Tuesday, 14 peoplehad been rescued from the capsized vessel, with five others confirmed dead. The rest are still missing, although rescuers said there could be more survivors. Strong winds and heavy rain are hampering rescue efforts.The Eastern Star sank in only 15 meters of water “within one or two minutes” of being caught in freak weather in Jianli, according to the ship’s captain and chief engineer who survived the incident. The ship left the eastern Chinese city ofNanjingon May 28 bound forChongqingMunicipality.The ship was carrying 403 passengers, five tour guides, and 46 crew, rather than the previously reported 47. Most passengers were tourists fromShanghaiand its neighboringprovinceofJiangsu, aged between 3 and 83, with most in their 60s and 70s.The 76.5-meter-long and 11-meter-wide vessel has been in service for nearly 20 years and can carry up to 534 people. It is owned by Chongqing Dongfang Shipping. Waterway officials said they have no record of the company being involved in any previous sinking incidents.According to weather forecast, most of the Yangtze basin will be subject to downpours over the next 10 days, with heavy rain expected in the area where the search is underway.Police, waterway authorities and fire departments have sent more than 150 boats and over 4,000 personnel to the scene. The Chinese Navy has sent diving forces to search for the missing. The team is composed of soldiers from the navy’s fleets in the North Sea, East China Sea, andSouth China Sea, as well as students of the Naval University of Engineering. In addition, five helicopters were dispatched fromBeijingandHubei’s provincial capital ofWuhanon Tuesday morning, along with an IL-76 transport plane.4. We can infer from the text that ________.A. the incident was very suddenB. the weather benefited the rescueC. the ship had bad safety recordsD. the ship’s captain was drowned5. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the Eastern Star?A. It was overloaded.B. It’s been launched recently.C. It had 454 people on board.D. Its owner met similar incidents.6. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?A. How people came to the rescue.B. Why the rescue was quite difficult.C. What the rescue force consisted of.D. How the rescue operation went on.7. The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to ________.A. informB. explainC. describeD. entertainCHardware in general,and smartphones in particular,have become a huge environmental and health problem in the Global South's landfill sites(垃圾填埋场).Electronic waste(e-waste) currently takes up 5 percent of all global waste,and it is set to increase rapidly as more of us own more than one smartphone,laptop and power bank They end up in places like Agbogbloshie on theoutskirts of Ghana's capital,Accra. It is the biggest e-waste dump in the world,where 10,000 informal workers walk through tons of abandoned goods as part of an informal recycling process.They risk their health searching for the precious metals that are found in abandoned smartphones.But Agbogbloshie should not exist.The Basel Convention,a 1989 treaty,aims to prevent developed nations from unauthorized dumping of e-waste in less developed countries.The e-waste industry,however,circumventsregulations by exporting e-waste labelled as "secondhand goods' to poor countries like Ghana,knowing full well hat it is heading for a landfill site.A recent report found Agbogbloshie contained some of the most dangerous chemicals.This is not surprising: smartphones contain chemicals like mercury（水银）,lead and even arsenic(砷).Reportedly, one egg from a free-range chicken in Agbogbloshie contained a certainchemical which can cause cancer and damage the immune system at a level that's about 220 times greater than alimit set by the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA).Most worryingly,these poisonous chemicals are free to pollute the broader soil and water system.This should concern us all, since some ofGhana's top exports are cocoa and nuts.Some governments have started to take responsibility for their consumers' waste.For example,Germanyhas started a project that includes a sustainable recycling system at Agbogbloshie,along with a health clinic for workers.However,governments cannot solve the problem alone, as there is an almost limitless consumer demand for hardware,especially when governments' green policies are focused on issues like climate change.Only the manufacturers can fix this.A more economically sustainable and politically possible solution is through encouraging hardware manufacturers to make the repair, reuse and recycling of hardware profitable,or at least cost-neutral8. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A. Electronic waste requires more landfill sites acrossGhana.B. Electronic waste is too complex to get fully recycleC. Electronic products need to be improved urgentlyD. Electronic pollution is a burning question in Agbogbloshie9. What does the underlined word "circumvents"in Paragraph 3 mean?A. AbolishesB. TightensC. Brings inD. Gets around10. What should be the best concern according to the text?A. The thread of polluted food around the worldB. The damage of chicken’s immune systemC. The lack of diversity inGhana's exportsD. The violation of EFSA's standards11. What does the author think is the best solution to the e-waste problem?A. Manufacturers' developing a sustainable hardware economyB. Governments’ adjusting their green policies about e-waste.C. Reducing customers' demands for electronic productsD. Manufacturers’ urging the government to make effective policies to ensure more profit.DDragon boating is a team sport that has its root in ancient China. The boats are decorated with a dragon headand tail. In recent years cancer survivor groups have got involved in the sport to help make friends and help rebuild their lives.On a recent Saturday morning, a group of 20 women were on a boat in the Anacostia River in Washington DC. They moved their paddles(船桨)in rhythm to the call of a coach. The women belong to the dragon boat team GoPink! DC, which trains weekly. It also races against other breast cancer survivor teams in dragon boat festivals. As a result, GoPink! DC won medals in this Washington dragon boat festival.Lydia Collins joined five years ago after finding out she had breast cancer. “I was diagnosed with breast cancer.I was demoralized because of my illness - I lost all interest in life and wouldn't even get out of bed to eat. But now I love the team spirit. I just love everything about it. It is like a floating support group on the water.”The paddles are breast cancer survivors and their supporters. Annette Rothemel helped establish(建立)the group in 2006. She is a researcher with the National Institutes of Health as well as a breast cancer survivor. “It is sort of an easy entry sport because on the same boat people at different levels can be doing the same sport.” But Ms Rothemel saysdragon boating can be physically demanding, especially for someone who is sick and getting treatment for cancer.“It’s hard but I think you have to challenge yourself in life. This is something I look forward to. I get to be out here with my sisters and supporters that understand what I’m going through and help motivate me. So it makes me stronger and it makes me feel better,” another cancer survivor Rhonda Hartzel said.Annette Rothemel says the cancer survivors feel a sense of sisterhood and share good times when they paddle together. She says both feelings are treasured by the team.12. What do the underline wordsdemoralizedIn para.3 probably mean?A. depressedB. anxiousC. astonishedD. awkward13. What can we know about Lydia Collims from the text?A. she helps establish Go Pink !DCB. she tries to find a cure for the cancerC. she benefits from the dragon boat raceD. she gives up hope because of her illness14. How can the dragon boat race help the cancer survivorsA. forget their tough experiencesB. recover physically and mentallyC. get rid of the pains of their cancerD. enjoy their rest life without sufferings15. What does the text tell us about Annette Rothemel?A. she is an expert in studying the cause of the cancerB. she helps the cancer survivors in financial difficultiesC. she believes there is a healthful result from the dragon boat raceD. she thinks it unwise for the patient to join in the dragon boat race第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年首都师范大学附中高三英语一模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AAs a nation, we are getting bigger and eating more. But there are effective ways to control your appetite and eat only as much as you need.Keep away from low-nutrition snacksThat means ice cream, sweets, chips biscuits, cakes and any other salty orsugary snacks you eat between meals. Although we have a tendency to eat them, you can learn to live without these unhealthy-and-fattening-additions to your diet. Try to make it a habit to eat them only when offered at social events or as a special treat.Leave half an hour between main course and dessertHaving a break between courses gives your brain time to receive the fullness signal and make you more likely to refuse the sweet stuff. And, in fact, as soon as you feel the first signals of fullness, remove your plate from the table. That will tell your brain that food time is over.Make yours a small helpingPut an end to super-sized portions. You won’t be missing out—today’s small was the medium or large of a few decade ago. Select or serve yourself a modest portion and eat it slowly enjoying the flavors. Before you know it, small will feel just right. What’s more, ordering the smaller size leads to wearing the smaller size.Distract yourselfWhen you find yourself hunting down food, even though you’re even hungry, do something else for 20 minutes. Drink a large glass of water as thirst is often confused with a desire for food. Choose something that engages your brain as well as your hands, such as writing a letter or listening to a song. You could also go for a short walk or do something that you enjoy. If you think you really are hungry, set an alarm for 20 minutes’ time and if you still want to eat when it rings, fine. If not, the urge will have passed.1. Which way suits you better if you tend to order a large portion of food?A. Distract yourself.B. Make yours a small helping.C. Keep away from low-nutrition snacks.D. Leave half an hour between main course and dessert.2. Why should you have a break between main course and dessert?A. To give people time to chat.B. To have a good appetite for sweet stuff.C. To reduce appetite for dessert.D. To give the host time to remove your plate.3. When you find yourself pursuing for food, what should you do?A. Eat some biscuits.B. Eat some sugary snacks.C. Have some soft drinks.D. Listen to a lovely melody.BJapan is known to have higher than average rates of stomach cancer. Recently, the town of Kaneyama in Yamagata Prefecture decided to get its 6, 000 residents (居民) tested.However, the frozen urine samples (尿样) are not tested in conventional ways. Instead, Professor Masao Miyashita and his team are using them in a trial to determine if specially trained cancer-sniffing dogs can accurately detect the disease. Though the study is still in its early stages, Miyashita is thrilled with the results. He said, “In our research so far, cancer detection dogs have been able to find signs of cancer with an accuracy of nearly 100 percent.”Researchers have known about the animals’ superior sensory skills for decades. However, their ability to detect cancer in humans came to light in 1989, after a dog sniffed out early-stage malignant melanoma (恶性黑色素瘤) on a patient’s leg in London. Since then, scientists from many countries have conducted studies to test dogs’ great skill at identifying cancer chemicals.While most dogs can be trained for the task researchers say the best candidates are dogs that are precise, quiet, and perhaps even a little shy. The training process is similar to how dogs are taught to learn any trick — by rewarding them with treats! However, it takes much longer because the dogs have to learn to separate the “cancer scent (气味)”from the thousands of organic compounds (有机化合物) in the human body. Researchers begin by exposing the dogs to urine samples from people with cancer, people with other diseases, and patients with no health issues, Once the dogs are able to accurately identify cancer, they are further trained to detect particular kinds of cancer.Successful as they may be, experts think dogs are unlikely to replace conventional tests. For one, it takes about seven years and costs as much as $45,000 to train a single dog. Klaus Hackner, a researcher and physicianwho studies dogs detecting cancer in breath samples at Krems University Hospital in Austria, is also not convinced dogs can be relied upon alone. Patients, therefore, have to receive further tests to confirm if they have the disease.4. What do we know about the cancer-sniffing dogs mentioned in Paragraph 2?A. They have done a great job.B. They are trained in a special way.C. They can easily learn to distinguish cancer.D. They can be seen in many Japanese hospitals.5. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3?A. Offer readers some advice.B. Add some background information.C. Summarize the previous paragraphs.D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.6. What kind of dog is suitable for the cancer-sniffing job?A. Smart and brave.B. Active and faithful.C. Strong and patient.D. Careful and peaceful.7. What is Klaus Hackner’s opinion on cancer-sniffing dogs?A. They should work as a team.B. They need to receive more training.C. They can replace doctors in detecting cancer.D. They should be used together with traditional tests.CA cheap printed sensor could transmit wildfire warnings. Wildfires have recently destroyed regions across the world, and theirgravityis increasing. Hoping to reduce harm, researchersled by Yapei Wang, a Chinese chemist ofRenminUniversity, say they have developed an inexpensive sensor to detect such fires earlier with less effort.Current detection methods rely heavily on human watchfulness, which can delay an effective response. Most wildfires are reported by the general public, and other alerts come from routine foot patrols and watchtower observers. Passing planes and satellites also occasionally spot something, but “the fire first appears on the ground," Wang says. “ When you see the fire from the sky, it is too late. ”The team says its new sensor can be placed near tree trunks' bases and send a wireless signal to a nearbyreceiver if there is a dramatic temperature increase. That heat also powers the sensor itself, without replacing batteries. The team printed the substances onto ordinary paper to create a sensor for just $ 0.40.But improving coordination among the different agencies involved in firefighting is even more crucial to address, says Graham Kent, an earthquake expert at theUniversityofNevada,Reno, who was not part of the study.Kentis director of ALERTWildfire, a network that uses cameras and crowd sourcing to watch for fires inCalifornia,NevadaandOregon. “The whole way that you respond to a fire until it's put out is like a ballet," he says. “You'd have to choreograph (设计) it just so, with resources precisely used at the right time and place and in the right order from detection to confirmation to assignment to extinguishment (熄灭).Fire detection is just step one.Wang says his team's next steps are to extend the device'ssignal range beyond the current 100 meters, which can limit practical use, and to develop a protective shield for it. The transmitter's effectiveness, he notes, will also need to be examined in the field ahead.8. What does the underlined word “gravity” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Pull.B. Extinction.C. Popularity.D. Severity.9. What do we know about the sensor?A. Its price remains high.B. Its batteries are replaceable.C. It can detect fires earlier and easier.D. It can reduce firefighters' pain.10. What doesKentmean in paragraph 4?A. Firefighting is easy but crucial.B. Fire detection resources are rich.C. Putting out a fire is an orderly activity.D. Technology is the key to extinguishing a fire.11. What's the plan for the new sensor according to Wang?A. Improving and testing it.B. Limiting its use and transmission.C. Examing and reducing its signal range.D. Getting it on the market ahead of time.DIt’s easy to do easy things, but they don’t carry the challenges and rewards of doing something difficult. Scott Kelly said he tried to express that view everywhere he went. And he spoke from experience, having spent a career that included the time as a NASA astronaut, US Navy captain, fighter pilot, and engineer.Scott spoke at the University of North Alabama, sharing stories about his experience of spending a year on the International Space Station (ISS). He said the physical pressure of living in weightlessness for a year was hard to describe and that the fluids(积水) in his head sometimes made him feel like he was standing on his head. It also needed some time to recover when he returned home. “My legs were weak and it would be uncomfortable to sit for a while because my body hadn’t had that pressure so long,” Scott said.He discussed life aboard including spending time with Russian astronauts. They came from different cultures. He had managed to get along well with everyone aboard as they lived together, worked together, and had to rely on each other. He thought it was one of the most rewarding things in his life.Though life there was not easy, Scott never regretted being an astronaut and going to space. He also discussed experiences growing up, admitting that he wasn’t always the greatest student but was able to overcome that through hard work and determination.“Never give up or lower your dreams. If you work for it, all things are possible. There is a zero percent chance of succeeding if you don’t even try. And when you succeed after trying hard, you’ll find it really rewarding,” Scott said in the end.12. Scott mentioned his experience in the ISS mainly to show ________.A. he enjoyed making speechesB. he was a responsible astronautC. his life in space was challengingD. the daily life of an astronaut can be boring13. What may benefit Scott most when he lived with Russian astronauts?A. He won some awards through teamwork.B. He found the fun of living in the Space Station.C. He learned to develop close relationships with others.D. He picked up some knowledge of Russian culture.14. Which of the following can best describe Scott?A. Kind and thoughtful.B. Curious and humorous.C. Easygoing and sociable.D. Hardworking and determined.15. What does the author intend to tell us from Scott’s story?A. It’s importantto have a dreamB. Easy things are also worth doingC. A suitable career leads one to success.D. Difficult things are demanding but rewarding第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年首都师范大学附属中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AFour Online EventsThe handshake：an anthropologist’s guideWhat is its biological purpose？What are the best and worst handshakes？In this talk，scientist Ella Al-Shamahi examines the power of touch and argues the handshake is at least 7 million years old．This event will start at 18:00 pm on 25 March and will last one hour．Standard ticket price：£15(A 20％discount for those who buy the ticket before March 20.)A rescue plan for natureWhat do we need to do to restore the planet 's biodiversity and preventthe next pandemic (疫情)？Join scientist Cristian Samper as he talks about how our ignoring nature caused the pandemic-and how we can seize a unique opportunity to build back better．This free event will start at 18:00 pm on 15 April．Origins of lifeWhy is the planet the way it is？How did we get here？Does everything happen for a reason or are some things left to chance？Research shows we live in a world driven by chance．In this talk，biologist Sean B Carroll will tell the stories of the mother of all accidents，and the surprising power of chance in our lives and the world．This event will start at 19:30 pm on 22 April and will last two hours．Standard ticket price：£18(A 10％discount for those who buy the ticket before April 17.)The truth about exerciseShould we all be hitting the gym three times a week？Should we worry about sitting to omuch？If you are strong and fit，can you get away with being inactive？In this talk，specialist Jason Gill introduces what science can really tell us about how much we need to move to live a healthy life．This event will start at 19:00 pm on May 13 and will last one hour，Standard ticket price：£12(A 15％discount for those who buy the ticket before May 8.)1.How much should you at least spend on the event about the handshake？A.£10.2．B.£12．C.£13．D.£16.2．2.From whom can you learn about the origins of life？A.Ella Al-Shamahi．B.Cristian Samper．C.Sean B Carroll．D.Jason Gill．3.What does the four online talks have in common？A.They are science-based．B.They are about cultures．C.They are related to nature．D.They are intended for the young．BThere will be more plastic than fish in the world’s oceans by 2050. That is what a new report from the World Economic Forum and Ellen MacArthur Foundation warns. If the current trend continues, the report said, oceans will contain one ton of plastic for every three tons of fish in 2025. By 2050, plastics will weigh more than fish. The problem is that each year at least 8 million tons of plastics end up in oceans around the world. This is the same as dumping the contents of one garbage truck into the ocean every minute.Not all plastic ends up in the ocean because someone throws a plastic bottle into the water. Plastic containers and other trash thrown onto streets and sidewalks often are swept into oceans. Unlike other types of trash in the ocean, the plastic never bio-degrades. There is a way to slow the amount of plastics going into the oceans — people can recycle more. Currently only about 14 percent of plastics are recycled. Research in Europe shows as much as 53 percent of plastic could be recycled using available technology. The report says that another solution is using less plastic for packaging products. But that is not likely to happen.“Given plastic packaging’s many benefits, both the possibility and desirability of an across-the-board dramatic reduction in the volume of plastic packaging used is clearly low, ”the report said. But the authors note reducing the use of plastics should be tried“where possible. ”For decades, scientists warned that plastics are killing fish. Research shows that fish are dying from choking after eating plastics. Another cause of death is that plastics cause“intestinal blockage and starvation, ”the environmental group said.4. Why is the garbage truck mentioned in Paragraph 1 ?A. To explain how plastics end up in the ocean.B. To warn people against the ocean pollution.C. To clarify the seriousness of the problem.D. To point out some details of the report.5. Why is plastic more dangerous than other types of trash?A. There is too much of it.B. It poisons the ocean water.C. It is from different sources.D. It is hard to break down.6. What is the author’s attitude to the suggested solutions?A. Pessimistic.B. Curious.C. Unconcerned.D. Terrified.7. What can we infer from the text?A. People are not aware of the problem.B. Recycling is limited by lack of technology.C. Plastic packaging has become part of our life.D. Fish in the ocean will be replaced by plastics.CJIANLI, Hubei Province, June 2 (Xinhua) — A cruise ship carrying more than 450 people sank in the Yangtze River overnight, which could be China’s worst sinking disaster in decades. As of 6 p.m. Tuesday, 14 peoplehad been rescued from the capsized vessel, with five others confirmed dead. The rest are still missing, although rescuers said there could be more survivors. Strong winds and heavy rain are hampering rescue efforts.The Eastern Star sank in only 15 meters of water “within one or two minutes” of being caught in freak weather in Jianli, according to the ship’s captain and chief engineer who survived the incident. The ship left the eastern Chinese city ofNanjingon May 28 bound forChongqingMunicipality.The ship was carrying 403 passengers, five tour guides, and 46 crew, rather than the previously reported 47. Most passengers were tourists fromShanghaiand its neighboringprovinceofJiangsu, aged between 3 and 83, with most in their 60s and 70s.The 76.5-meter-long and 11-meter-wide vessel has been in service for nearly 20 years and can carry up to 534 people. It is owned by Chongqing Dongfang Shipping. Waterway officials said they have no record of the company being involved in any previous sinking incidents.According to weather forecast, most of the Yangtze basin will be subject to downpours over the next 10 days, with heavy rain expected in the area where the search is underway.Police, waterway authorities and fire departments have sent more than 150 boats and over 4,000 personnel to the scene. The Chinese Navy has sent diving forces to search for the missing. The team is composed of soldiers from the navy’s fleets in the North Sea, East China Sea, andSouth China Sea, as well as students of the Naval University of Engineering. In addition, five helicopters were dispatched fromBeijingandHubei’s provincial capital ofWuhanon Tuesday morning, along with an IL-76 transport plane.8. We can infer from the text that ________.A. the incident was very suddenB. the weather benefited the rescueC. the ship had bad safety recordsD. the ship’s captain was drowned9. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the Eastern Star?A. It was overloaded.B. It’s been launched recently.C. It had 454 people on board.D. Its owner met similar incidents.10. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?A. How people came to the rescue.B. Why the rescue was quite difficult.C. What the rescue force consisted of.D. How the rescue operation went on.11. The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to ________.A. informB. explainC. describeD. entertainDOnline education has grown fast over the past ten years. The explosion of technology has made teaching outside the traditional classroom possible for teachers and has provided learners with easy access to course materials. Its attractiveness, benefits, and challenges are addressed.In April, 2005, I was approached by a student who was interested in our doctoral program. However, the first question out of her mouth was, “Do you offer any online courses?” Later that day, as I was reading the conference program guide trying for interesting presentations, I noticed many workshops on web-based learning and online education. I later attended two of those workshops and met several professors from different universities who had either taught online courses for quite some time or who were discovering the best practice for teaching online. These experiences helped me realize at least to some extent the degree of growth in online education.My responsibilities for the term included gaining more understanding of online education. Consequently, I made several attempts to enrich my knowledge of distance learning and online teaching. I consulted with my colleagues who were teaching online courses. This helped me recognize the importance of getting materials prepared even before the start of a term. I also learned that online courses may consume more time than regularclassroom teaching. And I attended several workshops regarding online education and established a network with those who were involved in online programs at other universities. I will consider these people as my consultants as I begin to design my own online course. Also, I conducted a brief survey with 15 students and two faculty members who had taken or taught an online course before to understand their experience. Eventually I completed a literature review which gave me the foundation and the background of understanding the need for online education.12. What benefits the development of online education?A. Teachers’ good teaching ability.B. Lack of traditional classrooms.C. Learners’ access to free courses.D. The rapid advance of technology.13. Why did the author take a student for example?A. To show students’ love for the doctoral program.B. To persuade learners of traditional education.C. To explain the growing trend of online education.D. To predict the future of the teaching career.14. What caused the author to know more about online education?A. The appetite for knowledge.B. The professional responsibilities.C. The requirement of research.D. The colleagues’ encouragement.15. What is the author’s attitude to online education?A. Carefree.B. Doubtful.C. Supportive.D. Unwilling.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年北京师范大学附属中学高三语文一模试题及参考答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成各题。

孟子提出了“以意逆志”。

但语焉不详，给我们留下了很多疑问。

最突出的问题是怎样“以意逆志”？谁的“意”？谁的“志”？是以作者之意去“逆”(追溯、寻求、揭示)作品之志(思想内容)吗？作者之意很难索解，我们虽然希望“文如其人”，但“文”作为一门“艺”，是一种技艺，“立身先须谨重,文章且须放荡”也并非全无道理。

谁人可知作者之意？还是要靠读者去揣摩。

作者写出了作品，而作者未必对作品中的内容及其意义有全面、深入的认识，这也正是“形象大于观念，生活大于构想”的道理。

是以文本之意去“逆”作者之志(写作的动机、目的及内容和意义)吗？通常，我们把客观而独立存在的“作品世界”称为“文本”。

如果说“作品”突出的是“作者写出来的成品”，那么“文本”则突出它脱离作者的“作品中的生活世界”。

它是自足完满的，如同母亲生了儿子，儿子有自己独立的面貌、性格、生活道路，不是母亲可以掌控的。

以文本去“逆”作者之志，多劳而少功，即使准确把握了作者想要达到的目的和想要表述的意义，但毕竟不等于对文本意义的揭示。

更何况对作者的追溯也完全凭借读者的认知，不一定就是作者的初衷，也未必会得到作者的首肯。

是以文本文字或故事之意(辞意、内容)去“逆”文本之志(客观意义)吗？以“文本”追溯“文本之志”(重点在文本的意义)，是文学批评的首要价值，而这虽然和作者有联系，但意义并不大。

诚如钱钟书所言:“假使你吃了个鸡蛋，觉得不错，何必要认识那个下蛋的母鸡呢？”如果我们研究的重点是作家，我们当然要“知人论世”；如果我们研究的重点是文本，文本里的生活世界与读者的生活世界的联系，就是我们研究视野的边界，可以用新时代的“以意逆志”的方法来解决疑问。

我们研究的是文学作品，是文本，“文本所呈现的生活世界和它所蕴含的意义世界”才是我们关注的重点。

首师大附中高三物理月考试题 2021.3物理本试卷共8页，100分。

考试时长90分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分本部分共14题，每题3分，共42分。

在每题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。

1．下列说法正确的是A．布朗运动是液体分子的无规则运动B．随液体的温度升高，布朗运动更加剧烈C．物体从外界吸收热量，其内能一定增加D．内能是物体中所有分子热运动动能的总和2．对于一定质量的理想气体，下列说法正确的是A．若体积不变、温度升高，则每个气体分子热运动的速率都增大B．若体积减小、温度不变，则器壁单位面积受气体分子的碰撞力不变C．若体积不变、温度降低，则气体分子密集程度不变，压强可能不变D．若体积减小、温度不变，则气体分子密集程度增大，压强一定增大3．下列说法正确的是A．根据∆E=∆mc2可以计算核反应中释放的核能B．太阳辐射的能量主要来自太阳内部的核裂变反应C．目前核电站利用的核反应是裂变，核燃料为氘D．目前核电站利用的核反应是聚变，核燃料为铀4．下列说法正确的是A．光导纤维传输信号是利用光的干涉现象B．用三棱镜观测光谱是利用光的折射现象C．一束单色光经由空气射入玻璃后速度不变，波长变短D．光的干涉现象和光电效应都是光具有波动性的表现5．如图所示，理想变压器的原线圈接在u=220√2sin100πt(V)的交流电源上，副线圈接有R=55Ω的负载电阻，原、副线圈匝数之比为4∶1，电流表、电压表均为理想电表。

下列说法正确的是A．原线圈的输入功率为220√2WB．电流表的读数为1AC．电压表的读数为55VD．通过电阻R的交变电流频率是100Hz6．如图所示，在A 、B 两点分别放置两个电荷量相等的正点电荷，O 点为A 、B 连线中点，M 点位于A 、B 连线上，N 点位于A 、B 连线的中垂线上。

则关于O 、M 、N 三点的电场强度E 和电势φ的判定都正确的是 A. E M <E O ，φM <φO B. E N <E O ，φN <φO C. E M >E O ，φM >φO D. E N >E O ，φN >φO7．如图所示，闭合线圈上方有一竖直放置的条形磁铁。

2020-2021学年首都师范大学附属育新学校中学部高三英语第一次联考试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIf you had the opportunity to live forever, would you take it? Keeping your body alive indefinitely still seems like an impossibility, but some scientists think that digital technology may have the answer: creating a digital copy of your “self” and keeping it “alive” online long after your physical body has ceased to function.In effect, the proposal is to clone a person electronically. Unlike the familiar physical clones — children that have identical features as their parents, but that are completely separate organisms with a separate life — your electronic clone would believe itself to be you. How might this be possible? The first step would be to mapthe brain.How? One plan relies on the development of nanotechnology (纳米技术). Ray Kurzweil — one of the kings of artificial intelligence — predicts that within two or three decades we will have nano transmitters that can be put into the bloodstream. Inthe capillaries (毛细血管) of the brain, they would line up alongside the neurons and detect the details of the cerebral (大脑的) electronic activity. They would be able to send that information to a receiver inside a special helmet, so there would be no need for any wires sticking out of the head.As a further step, Ray Kurzweil also imagines the nano transmitters being able to connect you to a world of virtual reality on the Internet, similar to what was shown in the film “Matrix”. With the nano transmitters in place, by thought alone, you could log on to the Internet and instead of the pictures coming up on your screen, they would play inside your mind. Rather than send your friends e-mails you would agree to meet up on some virtual tropical beach.Some peoplebelieve that they can enjoy life after death. But why wait for that when you could have a shot of nanobots (纳米机器人) and upload your brain onto the Internet and live forever as a virtual surfer?One snag: to exist on the net you will have to have your neural network parked on the computer of a web-hosting company. These companies want real money in real bank accounts every year or they will wipe your bit of the hard disc and sell the space to someone else. With your body six feet underground how will you pay?1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Nano transmitters can help map the human brain.B. Electronic clones recreate the original human body.C. Electronic clones may put their physical selves into movies.D. Nano transmitters use a helmet to detect the cerebral activities.2. What is the author’s attitude towards electronic clones?A. Optimistic and careful.B. Interested and unconvinced.C. Excited and confused.D. Assured and critical.3. The author asks “how will you pay?” at the end of the article, because ________.A. you can’t pay to exist on the Internet if you are physically deadB. you can’t pay for hard disc space if you don’t have a bank accountC. you can’t pay for a special service if too many people want to use itD.you can’t pay the web-hosting company if you don’t have a neural networkBThere is an old Chinese proverb that states “One generation plants the trees; another gets the shade,” and this is how it should be with mothers and daughters. The relationship between a mother and a daughter is sometimes confusing. The relationship can be similar to friendship. However, the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship. These characteristics include responsibilities and unconditional love, whichprecludemothers and daughters from being best friends.Marina, 27 years old, said, “I love spending time with my mom, but I wouldn’t consider her my best friend. Best friends don’t pay for your wedding. Best friends don’t remind you how they carried you in their body and gave you life! Best friends don’t tell you how wise they are because they have been alive at least 20 years longer than you.” This doesn’t mean that the mother and daughter relationship can’t be very close and satisfying. This generation of mothers and adult daughters has a lot in common, which increases the likelihood of shared companionship. Mothers and daughters have always shared the common experience of being homemakers, responsible for maintaining(保持) and passing on family values and traditions. Today contemporary mothers and daughters also share the experience of work and technology, which may bring them even closer together.Best friends may ormay not continue to be best friends, but for better or worse; the mother and daughter relationship is permanent, even if for some unfortunate reason they aren’t speaking. Sometimes this is not an equal relationship. Daughters don’t always feel responsible for their mother’s emotional well-being. But mothers never stop being mothers, which includes frequently wanting to protect their daughters and often feeling responsible for their happiness. The mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable byany other. Mothers always “trump(胜过)” friends.4. What does the underlined word “preclude” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. differ.B. benefit.C. prevent.D. change.5. What can we learn from what Marina said?A. Best friends will not spend money on her wedding.B. Best friends will not remind her of important issues in life.C. Her mother is wiser on account of her age.D. Her mother is definitely not her best friend.6. Why can a mother and a daughter build a even closer relationship today?A. Because they share advanced technology with each other.B. Because they work together to support the whole family.C. Because they experience the same values and traditions.D. Because they have common experience in life and work.7. What is the text mainly about?A. How to build a good mother and daughter relationship.B. A mother-daughter relationship is irreplaceable.C. Mothers want to be daughters’ friends.D. A daughter is a mother’s best friend.CMy friend and I went traveling inTasmania,Australialast December. We settled in our Airbnb accommodation, a cozy apartment, not long after we arrived inHobart, the capital city.After briefing us on the kitchen's facilities and the whereabouts of the bedroom and bathroom, our hostess Geraldine resumed her ironing work, which seemed to have been interrupted by our arrival.She was ironing what looked like security guard uniforms, and we soon found out that she worked in a local prison. And when she detected the curiosity in our tones, she offered a tour at the prison in her SUV. My friend and I exchanged a “this is incredible” look and said “yes” immediately.As we drove, she told us about the buildings that we were passing, the local market and how to get to MONA,Tasmania's well-known contemporary art gallery.And of course we got to hear some background information about the prison. According to our hostess, it currently holds Martin Bryant, a notorious criminal who cheated 35 people out of their property. We could see thehigh level of security from the layers upon layers of wires surrounding the gray structure inside.Getting to know a city in such a local way is something I would never be able to do by talking to a hotel receptionist, and this is what I like best about the apartment-sharing experience, not to mention the fact that it's usually cheaper than hotel rooms.But I'm fully aware of the risks of Airbnb, which is why I did my homework before booking online—I checked the reviews of the accommodation to avoid possible safety problems.That said, it is the mutual trust between a host and a guest that fascinates me—the interesting feeling of building a bond with a total stranger.8. Why did the hostess drive us to the prison?A. She planned to send the uniform to the prison.B. She found our curiosity about the prison.C. She wanted to show off her SUV.D. She needed to offer a tour for us.9. Which of the following can best explain the word “notorious” in Paragraph 5?A. Unfamiliar to everyone.B. Particularly disappointing.C. Well known for being bad.D. Extremely generous to others.10. Compared with hotels, what is the writer's favorite of the Airbnb accommodation?A. It is cheaper in most cases.B. It supplies a better living condition.C. It offers a much safer accommodation.D. It provides a chance to know local culture.11. What does the author think of finding accommodation on Airbnb?A. Disapproving.B. Supportive.C. Neutral.D. Doubtful.DElizabeth Spelke, a cognitive psychologist at Harvard, has spent her career testing the world’s most complex learning system-the mind of a baby. Babies might seem like no match for artificial intelligence (AI). They are terrible at labeling images, hopeless at mining text, and awful at video games. Then again, babies can do things beyond the reach of any AI. By just a few months old, they’ve begun to grasp the foundations of language, such as grammar. They’ve started to understand how to adapt to unfamiliar situations.Yet even experts like Spelke don’t understand precisely how babies or adults learn. Consider one of the mostimpressive examples of AI, Alpha Zero, a programme that plays board games with superhuman skill. After playing thousands of games against itself at a super speed, and learning from winning positions, Alpha Zero independently discovered several famous chess strategies and even invented new ones. It certainly seems like a machineeclipsinghuman cognitive abilities. But Alpha Zero needs to play millions more games than a person during practice to learn a game. Most importantly, it cannot take what it has learned from the game and apply it to another area.To some AI experts, that calls for a new approach. In a November research paper, Francois Chollet, a well-known AI engineer, argued that it’s misguided to measure machine intelligence just according to its skills at specific tasks. “Humans don’t start out with skills; they start out with a broad ability to acquire new skills,” he says. “What a strong human chess player is demonstrating is not only the ability to play chess, but the potential to fulfill any task of a similar difficulty.”12. Compared to an advanced AI programme, a baby might be better at ________.A playing games B. identifying locations C. labeling pictures D. making adjustments13. What does the underlined word “eclipsing” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Imitating.B. Beating.C. Limiting.D. Promoting.14. According to the text, Francois Chollet may agree that ________.A. AI is good at completing certain assignments.B. AI is likely to gain abilities with less training.C. AI lacks the ability of acquiring specific skills.D. AI performs better than humans in cognitive ability.15. Whichwould be the best title for this passage?A. What is exactly intelligence?B. Why is modern AI advanced?C. Where is human intelligence going?D. How do humans face the challenge of AI?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

北京首师大附中2020-2021 学年度第一学期第一次月考试卷高三英语笔试一语法填空共10 小题，每小题1.5 分，共15 分。

AOnce I was playing in the woods when the sky started to turn dark and the wind started to blow. I saw a big black cloud ___1___(move) towards me. Suddenly, I felt the rain hitting my face! Actually, it was pouring! Then I saw lightning in the sky. And later, BOOM!!! A loud clap of thunder! Then I saw a little old hut and ran inside. It smelled awful and the walls were shaking, but it was ___2___(good) than nothing! Outside, the wind was howling and things were flying around. I just stood in the corner, cold and scared. ___3___(lucky) my dad came and found me. I was safe!【答案】1. moving2. better3. Luckily【解析】这是一篇记叙文。

短文叙述了作者有一次在树林里玩的时候，遭遇了恶劣的天气状况，作者看到一间又小又旧的茅屋，就跑了进去，站在角落里，又冷又害怕，这时作者的父亲找到了作者。

【1题详解】考查现在分词。

句意：我看见一片大黑云向我飘来。

分析句子可知，本句涉及see sb doing sth“看到某人正在做某事”的用法，在本句中cloud与moving在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。

2021届首都师范大学附中高三英语月考试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AI truly thought thatI might die that day. Had I not seen three bears and a few wolves over the last couple of days near the road, I might have just lain down and called it quits. What in the world was I thinking, dragging my bike up to Yellowstone and thinking I could ride from West Yellowstone to Old Faithful in the snow? No less!I had planned this trip for more than two months, and I wasn't about to give up so easily. The first few miles were beautiful. Ten miles in, I started sucking wind. Fifteen miles and my legs felt like they were made of lead. By twenty miles, my lungs were burning and felt like there was nothing left in the tank. That was when I turned around and saw my husband and three children cheering me on in the van behind me. I knew I couldn't quit because I tell my children all the time that just because something is hard doesn't mean that you stop doing it. I had to live what I'd been preaching(说教). That thought got me up that mountain and to the end of the ride.The importance of that ride was apparent after only a week. My eight-year-old daughter Emalee wanted to ride in a twelve-mile charity ride. That day was cold as well. She was the youngest rider. About four miles into the ride, she started feeling cold. The chill(寒冷)was making her muscles cramp a little and she began to struggle. By six miles, she had tears running down her face. It broke my heart to see her suffering like that.I told herthat she didn't have to finish. She said that she wouldn't quit. I told her how I had wanted to quit the week before, but perseverance had gotten me to the end and I knew she could do it, too.The look on her face as she pulled into the finish was priceless. She threw her arms around me and said, “You didn't quit, Mommy, so neither did I.”1. What motivated the author to finish her ride?A. Her family's encouragement.B. Her own instruction for children.C. The beautiful scenery and weather.D. The careful and thorough preparation.2. By describing the conditions Emalee met, the author wanted to________.A. show her guilt for her daughterB. prove that riding is a tough taskC. persuade her daughter to give upD. indicate she was proud of Emalee3. What does the author want to tell us according to the story?A. Never say die.B. Do nothing by halves.C. Children are what the mothers are.D. Every mother's child is handsome.B"Sorry, but I don't agree with you..."This is usually followed by unbearable silence and angry tears. I've always found it difficult to disagree with someone, because I don't want to lose a friend. I've found it even harder to accept it when someone disagrees with me, because my ego（自尊心）ishurt.Before the other person gets a chance to explain why she disagrees with me, my usual response would be," If you aren't able to see my point of view, then what you think isn't worth my time or consideration, either." But now I've come to realize that when a friend disagrees with me, sometimes she is simply saying, "I don't agree with the way things are done." She still respects me as a person, and is only pointing out a better way to look at a matter. However, there may be times when my friend disagrees with me because I'm against the truth. That's when need to listen to what she says.I've learned that one way to help my friend is for me to be open and honest with the other to voice my thoughts and listen to the other carefully. While we can't control how a person will respond to our views, we must learn to disagree with our friends in love. We will never feel that we are better than the other person.And that will help us to be less emotional, and more objective in the way we express our opinions.In the same way, we can also stay open to feedback（反馈）from others,knowing that our friends may be correcting us in love.Good friendships build each other up, sometimes through disagreements and honest opinions. Though I don't like being disagreed with, I'm starting to see the value of such disagreements.4. The author has found it difficult to disagree with someone because .A. he is a friendly personB. he usually hides his ideasC. he has no mind of his ownD. he wants to keep the friendship5. When a friend disagreed with him,the author used to .A. be unhappyB. argue with the friendC. break up with the friendD. explain things calmly6. The author will listen to a friend when .A. he is against the truthB. he doesn't tell the truthC. he is respected by a friendD. he does things in the wrong way7. What does the author mainly talk about in the text?A. How to keep friendship.B. How to avoid hurting a friend.C. How to express disagreements.D. How to deal with disagreements.CFor years, life went something like this: We’d grow up in one place, head off to college, and then find a city to get a job and live there for a few years. The final goal was to find somewhere to settle down, buy a house, start a family, and begin the whole cycle all over again. But now some people are increasingly choosing to move from city to city throughout their entire lives, sometimes as frequently as every month.Just ask Alex Chatzieleftheriou, who has had a front-row seat watching this evolution unfold. Six years ago, he launched a startup called Blueground that rents out beautifully designed, fully furnished apartments for a month at a time, at rates that are cheaper than hotels. And it aims to make each one feel unique and comfortable,rather than standardized, like what you might find in a traditional hotel.Today, the company has 3,000 properties(房地产) in six U.S. cities, along with Dubai, Istanbul, London, Paris, and Chatzieleftheriou’s native Athens, and a staff of 400. With the helpof the Series B round of funding, the company landed $ 50 million, plus its previous total of $ 28 million, to continue its rapid expansion. It hopes to have 50,000 properties in 50 cities over the next three years.Chatzieleftheriou first came up with the idea for Blueground while he was working as a management consultant for McKinsey. “The accommodation of choice for consultants is the hotel,” he says. “I had to spend five years in hotel rooms, living in 12 different cities. I loved seeing the world, but I didn’t love feeling like I didn’t have a home.” And what’s more, hotels aren’t a particularly cost-effective solution for companies either. In Chatzieleftheriou’s case, McKinsey sometimes paid $ 10,000 or more for him to stay in a major city for a month.8. What does the author intend to tell in the first paragraph?A. A new lifestyle is appearing.B. Life is just like a circle for people.C. Most people are used to an easy life.D. People live in different places in life.9. What is the goal of Blueground?A. To compete with hotels.B. To create standardized hotels.C. To make renters feel at home.D. To rent out long-term apartments.10. What do we know about Blueground?A. It got a total investment of $ 78 million.B. Its business is anything but satisfying.C. It expanded to every corner of the world.D. It has 50,000 properties in 50 cities.11. What does the last paragraph focus on?A. High costs of hotels.B. Chatzieleftheriou’s former work.C Strengths of Blueground.D. The inspiration for Blueground.DAmerica---that glorious symbol of multiculturalism, the great melting pot---qualifies as part of the developed world, right? Not quite, if we consider the state of second language learning in schools across the country. According to a 2018 study, Europe often tops the U.S. in foreign language education in school. 92% of European students are learning a foreign language in school. In America it’s only 20%. In more than 20 European countries, studying a foreign language for at least one year is compulsory. In comparison, only 10 states and D.C. require learning a foreign language for graduation.I went to a public school in Pennsylvania that ranked onNewsweek’s list of America’s top high schools in 2015. Foreign language learning was not a graduation requirement. A common response to such stories and statistics is: So what? Why should Americans care about learning another language when English has recently seemed to dominate as the official language of the world?The world is globalizing faster than we can imagine. More than half of the world’s population speaks more than one language. It is also increasingly becoming the need for success in this globalizing world. Having the ability to speak a second language opens up the possibility of travelling and immersing yourself in another part of the world. This means people can feel other cultures, and traditions in places you were previously kept away because you could not communicate in the language.The teaching of foreign languages can be instrumental in bringing about peace and unity in the country we live in. Learning a second language can be an efficient vehicle to help to bridge communities. To speak another language means having access to a universe of different experiences and world views of another community of people.12. Why does the writer mention Europe?A. America makes studying a foreign language compulsory.B. America is the glorious symbol of multiculturalism.C. America isn’t really qualified as the developed world.D. America doesn’t focus on foreign language education13. What is American’s attitude towards education of foreign languages?A. Less concerned.B. More worried.C. Quite doubtful.D. Very supportive.14. What can visiting people do if they can speak the language where they visit?A. Make the world globalizing.B. Achieve success in business.C. Experience people’s real life there.D. Keep away their own culture.15. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. Using a second language can bring harmony.B. Communities of people enjoy the great views.C. Speaking another language is reallynecessary.D. Learning a second language can be difficult.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年首都师范大学附中高三英语月考试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe OrchardI had a very nice meal at the Orchard restaurant．The food was lovely and the service was quite good．We chose to eat in the garden which was full of beautiful flowers and very relaxing．The only disappointment was the dessert — the apple piewas far too sweet and it was cold too．Apart from that it was an enjoyable evening．As for the price — what a bargain，excellent value for money！Park InnThe best thing about Park Inn was the service — it was excellent．There was a warm welcome when we arrived and the waiters were very helpful all evening．However，the food wasn’t as good．The menu looked interesting but the meals were rather tasteless．It’s not a cheap restaurant and I wasn’t happy to pay so much for boring food．Richard’s PlaceWhen we enteredthe restaurant，we were surprised by the lovely interior (内部的) design of it．So stylish，so modern！This is one of the most popular restaurants in town and it’s very easy to see why．The food was great and excellent value for money but it was ruined by very，very poor service！TheRiversideIt was lovely sitting outside and looking over the river．There were lots of little lanterns (灯笼) and color1 ed lights everywhere and it all looked very pretty．The food was good，nothing very special but quite tasty．The service was OK; we didn’t have to wait too long for our food but the waiter never looked very happy！It’s quite an expensive place but with the view I think it’s quite good value for money．1. In which restaurant can customers eat in the garden？A. Park Inn．B. TheOrchard．C. The Riverside．D. Richard’s Place．2. What makes the customers of Park Inn most satisfied？A. The food．B. The price．C. The service．D. The environment．3. In Richard’s Place，customers can ________．A. receive good serviceB. enjoy its moderndesignC. listen to wonderful musicD. enjoy the beauty of a riverBSince I was born and brought up in a rural town, I have a great interest in nature. Using the chance of studying abroad in my second year at college, I decided to go toCanadajust because I wanted to see the beautiful phenomena there So after I finished the study program, I went toYellowknifein theNorthwest Territories.I clearly remember the sixth night inYellowknife. Suddenly my host mother came to my room around 8 p.m. and told me to change clothes and go outside quickly carrying her camera.The northern lights were flickering (闪烁) in the sky! I was shocked and just stood there with my mouth open.I forgot to take pictures of the mysterious lights.Since that night, whenever it was sunny, I went outside at night and looked at the sky. It was so cold that I lost all feeling in myhands and feet.As I took pictures of the northern lights, I came to find a characteristic movement of the lights. They first appear in the north part of the sky and then they gradually come down to the south part of the sky. After that, suddenly, they come in the middle of the north and south only for a while, which is the time when the best northern lights can be seen. Since it is only a few seconds for the northern lights to come down to the middle of the sky, it is very hard to get good pictures.The stronger the sun acts, the better and stronger the northern lights flicker in the sky. That’s because they come about from the collisions (碰撞) between atmospheric gases and the solar wind. Much more solar wind comes to the earth when the sun is active, whichleads to the best northern lights. And the color1 s of the northern lights depend on the height of the collisions and the kinds of gases.4. Why did the host mother ask the author to go out?A. She wanted to take a picture of him.B. She wanted to take a walk with him.C. She wanted to tell him something important.D. She wanted him to see the northern lights.5. The author forgot to take pictures after going out because ______.A. the host mother didn’t remind him to take the cameraB. he was shocked by the wonderful sightC. the lights flickering in the sky disappeared too soonD. he lost all feeling in his hands and feet6. When is the best time to see the northern lights?A. When they appear in the north part of the sky.B. When they come down to the south part of the sky.C. When they are between the north and south.D. When they rise in the east part of the sky.7. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?A. Waysto take good pictures.B. The relationship between the sun and the northern lights.C.The color1 s of the northern lights.D. The time of the best northern lights.CIn someareas ofCalifornia, it’s so dry that farmers aren’t willing to plant crops this season. Growers, north ofSan Francisco, have begun pulling out of local farmers markets.CountyLineHarvest, which farms more than 30 acres inPetaluma, hasn’t had enough water to grow all the peppers, lettuces and other produce for a long time, according to a video on its Instagram page. Nearby farms arc saying the same, emphasizing (强调) the effect of theextendeddry periods.Californiagrows a third of theUnited States' vegetables and two-thirds of the nation's fruits and nuts. If dry weather prevents farmers from growing plants, that could lead to pushing up the price of food that's already starting to affect theU.S.economy.“Due to severe drought, for the first time in 21 years, we will not be able to grow this summer inPetaluma,"CountyLinesaid in its post.Drew Lerner, president of World Weather Inc. inKansas, saidCalifornia“missed the rainy season" and won't see much moisture (水分) over the next several months.A La Nina weather pattern in the Pacific pushed winter storms north and away from the state, leaving it with less moisture than usual. AsCaliforniagets most of its water from winter storms, little relief is expected before October.That has left growers such as Shao Shan Fann in a bind. The business can’t offer the selection of Asian vegetables and Bay Area staples it usually grows at its Bolinas location, according to its website.Nearby, Green Valley Community Farm has access to only about 5% of the water it usually relies on, ownerDavid Plescia said. He’s looking for new land with enough water to use, and also has a permit in the works to grow cannabis to make up for the lost income. If it doesn’t make it, he’ll leave the fields empty.“It’s part of our generation’s cross to bear, figuring out how to run small — or medium-scale farm businesses in this kind of atmosphere of highly variable rainfall,” Andrew said.8. What does the underlined word “extended” in the second paragraph mean?A. Hot.B. Short.C. Long.D. Wonderful.9. Which is the result if the dry weather stops famers from planting crops?A. Theincreaseinthe priceof food.B. The growth of economy inU.S.C.Lessmoisture than usual.D. The low price of Asian vegetables.10. From what Andrew said, we can infer (推断) all of the following statements EXCEPT that________.A. The climate is not very goodB. It is part of the burden for people of his generationC. It is hard for him to run his farm businesses insuch bad climateD. He is sure that the serious drought will come to an end soon11. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. How do the famers run businesses inCalifornia.B. How does the owner look for new land with enough waterC. California farmers facing drought choose not to plant crops.D. The farm economy of theUnited Stateshas changed a lot.DIf you go into the forest with friends, stay with them. If you don’t, you may get lost. If you get lost, this is what you should do. Sit down and stay where you are. Don’t try to find your friends—let them findyou. You can help them find you by staying in one place. There is another way to help your friends or other people to find you. You can shout or whistle three times. Stop. Then shout or whistle three times again. Any signal given three times is a call for help.Keep up shouting or whistling. Always three times together. When people hear you, they will know that you are not just making a noise for fun. They will let you know that they have heard your signal. They will give you two shouts or two whistles. When a signal is given twice, it is an answer to a call for help.If you don’t think that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house with branches(树枝). Make yourself a bed with leaves and grass.When you need some water, you have to leave your little branch house to look for it. Don’t just walk away. Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk in order to go back again easily. When you are lost, the most important thing to do is to stay in one place.12. If you get lost in the forest, you should _________.A. try to find your friends in no timeB. stay in one place and give signalsC. walk around the forestD. shout as loudly as possible13. Which signal is a call for help?A. Crying twice.B. Shouting here and there.C. Whistling everywhere in the forest.D. Shouting or whistling three times together.14. When you hear two shouts or two whistles, you know that _________.A. someone needs your helpB. something terrible will happenC. people will come to help youD. someone is afraid of an animal15. What’s the meaning of the last paragraph?A. Use branches to make a bed.B. Drop branches to look for water.C. Pick off branches to build another house.D. Leave branches to help you find your way back.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

北京首都师范大学附属密云中学2020-2021学年高三数学文月考试题含解析一、选择题：本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有是一个符合题目要求的1. 设实数x，y满足，则点（x，y）在圆面x2+y2≤内部的概率A． B．C．D．参考答案：B不等式组表示的可行域是边长为的正方形，所以，x2+y2≤恰好在正方形的内部，且圆的面积为，所以点（x，y）在圆面x2+y2≤内部的概率。

2. 已知球O的面上四点A、B、C、D,则球O的体积等于（）A ．B．C．D．参考答案：C略3. 若实数x、y满足不等式组，若a =(x，y），| a |的最小值为（）A. B. C. 2 D. 1参考答案：C略4.A．B．C．D．参考答案：D略5. 若框图所给的程序运行结果为，那么判断框中应填入的关于的条件是（）A． B． C． D．参考答案：B6. 定义域为R的函数满足时，若时，恒成立，则实数的取值范围是（）A. B. C. D.参考答案：D7. 已知函数的图像的一条对称轴为直线，且，则的最小值为( )A. B. 0 C. D.参考答案：D【分析】运用辅助角公式，化简函数的解析式，由对称轴的方程，求得的值，得出函数的解析式，集合正弦函数的最值，即可求解，得到答案. 【详解】由题意，函数为辅助角，由于函数的对称轴的方程为，且，即，解得，所以，又由，所以函数必须取得最大值和最小值，所以可设，，所以，当时，的最小值，故选D.【点睛】本题主要考查了正弦函数的图象与性质，其中解答中利用三角恒等变换的公式，化简函数的解析式，合理利用正弦函数的对称性与最值是解答的关键，着重考查了分析问题和解答问题的能力，属于中档试题.8. 若实数x、 y满足不等式组则z=| x |+2 y的最大值是（）A．1 0 B．1 1 C．1 3 D．1 4参考答案：9.函数有反函数的充要条件是（）(A)a=0且b≠0 (B) b=0且a≠0 (C) a=b=0 (D) a=0或b=0参考答案：答案：B10. 若集合A={x||x|≤1，x∈R}，B={y|y=x2，x∈R}，则A∩B=（）A．{x|﹣1≤x≤1}B．{x|x≥0}C．{x|0≤x≤1}D．?参考答案：C【考点】1E：交集及其运算．【分析】考查集合的性质与交集以及绝对值不等式运算．常见的解法为计算出集合A、B的最简单形式再运算．【解答】解：由题得：A={x|﹣1≤x≤1}，B={y|y≥0}，∴A∩B={x|0≤x≤1}．故选C．【点评】在应试中可采用特值检验完成．二、填空题:本大题共7小题,每小题4分,共28分11. 若曲线f(x)＝ax5＋ln x存在垂直于y轴的切线，则实数a的取值范围是________．参考答案：(－∞，0)12. 在数列{a n}中，已知a1=2，a2=7，a n+2等于a n a n+1（n∈N+）的个位数，则a2015= ．参考答案：2考点：数列递推式．专题：点列、递归数列与数学归纳法．分析：通过计算前几项，可得从第三项起a n的值成周期数列，其周期为6，进而可得结论．解答：解：∵a1a2=2×7=14，∴a3=4，∵7×4=28，∴a4=8，∵4×8=32，∴a5=2，∵8×2=16，∴a6=6，∴a7=2，a8=2，a9=4，a10=8，a11=2，∴从第三项起a n的值成周期数列，其周期为6，又∵2015=335×6+5，∴a2015=a5=2，故答案为：2．点评：本题考查数列的递推公式，找出周期是解决本题的关键，属于中档题．13. 一个长方体的各顶点均在同一球的球面上，且一个顶点上的三条棱的长分别为2，2，3，则此球的表面积为．参考答案：略14. 已知一组数据3，5，4，7，6，那么这组数据的方差为．参考答案：2【考点】极差、方差与标准差．【分析】先求出这组数据的平均数，再求这组数据的方差．【解答】解：一组数据3，5，4，7，6，这组数据的平均数==5，这组数据的方差S2= [（3﹣5）2+（5﹣5）2+（4﹣5）2+（7﹣5）2+（6﹣5）2]=2．故答案为：2．15. 已知全集，若集合，则=_____参考答案：16. 某校现有高一学生210人，高二学生270人，高三学生300人，用分层抽样的方法从这三个年级的学生中随机抽取n名学生进行问卷调查，如果已知从高一学生中抽取的人数为7，那么从高三学生中抽取的人数应为．参考答案：1017. 抛物线的准线方程是．参考答案：略三、 解答题：本大题共5小题，共72分。

2020-2021学年首都师范大学附属实验学校高三英语一模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIf you truly want to live, you need to get out and see the world. Traveling and living different adventures may become your favorite lifestyle. Here is a brief introduction about the top three destinations to visit in the world. ParisFirst on the list is Paris, France. For some people, this shouldn’t be a surprise. For others, they might consider Paris overrated as it has a reputation for being dirty. Any major city in the world might be thought to be dirty by anyone not living in a city. It comes with the territory. The reason Paris is at the top of this list is not because of its famous attractions but because of its charm. You can spend the day walking around cobblestone streets and enjoy elegant cafes and high-end shopping. When you finish satisfying your appetite, you can relax on the banks of the Seine River.Glacier National ParkGlacier National Park comes in second on the list. It is located in Montana, America. It will be well worth the effort thanks to snow-capped mountains, crystal blue lakes, seventy miles of hiking trails, and thirteen camping areas. If you visit during the summer, you can go swimming or white-water rafting. If you visit during the winter, you can go skiing or snowshoeing. But the real allure (诱惑力) and what you will always remember is the breathtaking scenery and fresh mountain air.Bora BoraThe reason Bora Bora is the third on this list is that it’s expensive, which could limit your other travel plans. If you do make it to this small island paradise, you will find peaceful beaches, jungles, luxury accommodations, turquoise water, and some of the friendliest people you have ever met.Other vacation destinations that should be on your list if you’re living the adventurous lifestyle include London, the South Island of New Zealand, Maui, Tahiti, Tokyo, Barcelona and New York City.1. Tourists can ______ to appreciate the charm of Paris.A. enjoy crystal blue lakesB. visit its famous attractionsC. take a walk around cobblestone streetsD. meet the friendliest people you have ever met2. Which of the following points in Glacier National Park will really attract tourists?A. peaceful beaches.B. White-water rafting.C. Snow-capped mountains.D. Fresh mountain air.3. What’s the purpose of this passage?A. to introduce the top three destinations.B. to compare the top three destinations.C. to encourage people to live an adventurous lifestyle.D. to analyze the good and bad points of the three destinationsBBorn in 1954, Oprah Winfrey is best known for her multi-award-winning talk show as the most influential woman in the world. It's no surprise that her recognition can bring overnight sales fortune that defeats most, if not all, marketing campaigns. The star features about 20 products each year on her "Favorite Things" show. There's even a term for it: the Oprah Effect.Her television career began unexpectedly. When she was 16 years old, she had the idea of being a journalist to tell other people's stories in a way that made a difference in their lives and the world. She was on television by the time she was 19 years old. And in 1986 she started her own television show with a continuous determination to succeed at first.TIME magazine wrote, "People would have doubted Oprah Winfrey's swift rise to host of the most popular talk show on TV. In a field dominated by white males, she is a black female of big size. As interviewers go, she is no match for Phil Donahue. What she lacks in journalistic toughness, she makes up for in plainspoken curiosity, rich humor and, above all understanding. Guests with sad stories to tell tend to bring out a tear in Oprah's eye. They, in turn, often find themselves exposing things they would not imagine telling anyone, much less a national TV audience.""I was nervous about the competition and then I became my own competition raising the bar every year, pushing, pushing, pushing myself as hard as I knew. It doesn't matter how far you might rise. At some point you are likely to fall if you' re constantly doing what we do, raising the bar. If you' re constantly pushing yourself higher,higher the law of averages, you will at some point fall. And when you do, I want you to know this, remember this: there is no such thing as failure. Failure is just life trying to move us in another direction" as Oprah addressed graduates at Harvard on May 30.4. What does the Oprah Effect refer to in the first paragraph?A. the influence on talk show hostsB. the power of Oprah's opinions.C. the effect on a business.D. the audience of Oprah's talk show.5. What can be inferred about Oprah's television career?A. She must have been challenged a lotB. She gained fame as planned.C. It lives up to her parents' expectation.D. She once gave up on her choice.6. What message did Oprah give to Harvard graduates?A. Success comes after failure.B. Pushing physical limits makes no senseC. Aiming higher hurtsD. Failure is part of life.7. Which of the following best describes Oprah Winfrey?A. Friendly.B. HumorousC. Determined.D. PatientCThe Native American of northern California were highly skilled at basketry, using the reeds, graeses, barks, and roots they found around them to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes-not only trays, containers, and cooking pots, but hats, boats, fish traps, baby carriers, and ceremonial objects.Of all these experts, none excelled the Pomo-a group who lived on or near the coast during the 1800's, and whose descendants continue to live in parts of the same region to this day. They made baskets three feet in diameter and othersno bigger than a thimble (顶针). The Pomo people were masters of decoration. Some of their baskets were completely covered with shell pendants；others with feathers that made the baskets’ surfaces as soft as the breasts of birds. Moreover, the Pomo people made use of more weaving techniques than did their neighbors. Most groups made al their basketwork by twining--the twisting of a flexible horizontal material, called a weft, around stiffer vertical strands of material, the warp. Others depended primarily on coiling-a process in which a continuous coil of stiff material is held in the desired shape with tight wrapping of flexible strands. Only the Pomo people used both processes with equal ease and frequency. In addition, they made use of four distinct variations on the basic twining process, often employing more than one of them in a single article.Although a wide variety of materials was available, the Pomo people used only a few. The warp was alwaysmade of willow, and the most commonly used weft was sedge root, a woody fiber that could easily be separated into strands no thicker than a thread. For color1 , the Pomo people used the bark of red-bud for their twined work and dyed bullrush root for black in coiled work. Though other materials were sometimes used, these four were the staples in their finest basketry.If the basketry materials used by the Pomo people were limited, the designs were amazingly varied. Every Pomo basket maker knew how to produce from fifteen to twenty distinct patterns that could be combined in a number of different.8. The word “fashion” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.A. maintainB. organizeC. tradeD. create9. What is the author's main point in paragraph 2?A. The neighbors of the Pomo people tried to improve on the Pomo basket weaving techniques.B. The Pomo people were the most skilled basket weavers in their region.C. The Pomo people learned their basket weaving techniques from other Native Americans.D. The Pomo baskets have been handed down for generations.10. According to the passage, the relationship between red-bud and twining is most similar to the relationship between ______.A. bullrush and coilingB. weft and warpC. willow and feathersD. sedge and weaving11. Which of the following statements about Pomo baskets can be best inferred from the passage?A. Baskets produced by other Native Americans were less varied in design than those of the Pomo.B. Baskets produced by Pomo weaves were primarily for ceremonial and religious purposes.C. There were a very limited number of basket-making materials available to the Pomo people.D. The basket-making production of the Pomo people has been increasing over the years.DMichele Gentile, an Italian bookseller, is offering free books to children in exchange for plastic bottles to recycle.Michele owns Ex Libris Cafe in Polla，a small town in southern Italy. He said he thought of the recycling program, because he wanted to inspire children in the small town to read and pay attention to the environment.''My goal is to spread the passion and love for books among those people in Italy who do not usually read while at the time helping the environment," Gentile explained.The idea for the initiative (倡议) came after Gentile collaborated with a nearby middle school on an aluminum recycling project. Working together, the schoolchildren and Gentile collected enough cans to purchase books for an entire classroom. His new program too off from there and has already spread into northern Italy: Gentile's hopes his work will continue to make headlines and become a worldwide initiative.The free books come from customers in Gentile's shop who have donated money to purchase a ''suspended" book. The idea comes from a World War II practice in which customers would buy two Coffees: one for themselves and another for the next person in line. Gentile has been using the extra books as part of his recycling initiative, While Gentile's program is a great way to recycle and get kids to read, it also brings awareness to the growing problem of plastic waste. Single-use plastics make up around 26 percent of all the plastics in the world, only 14 percent of which are recycled. Plastics that end up in landfills take around 500 years to decompose (分解),is a major concern for environmentalists.Cutting down on plastic waste is important if we want to better the environment for future generations, and recycling programs like Gentile's book giveaway are a great way to meet that goal.12. What is the purpose of Gentile's book giveaway?A. To sell more coffee and books.B. To attract more customers.C. To collect money for a new project.D. To inspire reading and recycling.13. How did Gentile come up with the idea?A. Working with a school to recycle cans.B. Seeing school kids don't like reading.C. Donating books for a local school.D. Buying a “suspended” book for a child.14. Who pay for the books of the project?A. The local government.B. Gentile himself.C. Some publishers.D. His customers.15. Whichof the following is the best title for the text?A. An Italian's Reading InitiativeB. Recycling Can Get Kids Free BooksC. Michele's Way of Doing BusinessD. A New Way to Deal with Plastic Waste第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020首师大附中高三十月第一次月考C—12 N—14 O—16 S—32 Cl—35.5 Na—23 Al—27 Mg—241．下列所加物质的作用与其还原性有关的是红酒中添加SO2. 下列有关物质性质说法不正确．．．的是A.热稳定性:HCl＞HIB.原子半径:Na＞KC.元素的最高正价:S＞SiD.氧化性: Br2＜Cl23．下列事实不能．．用元素周期律解释的是A．酸性：HClO4 > H2SO3B．碱性：NaOH> Mg(OH)2C．气态氢化物的稳定性：H2O > H2S D．Cl2从NaBr溶液中置换出Br24．下列关于指定粒子构成的几种描述中正确的是A．与是不同的核素，所以由这两种原子构成的石墨化学性质不同B．H2O和D2O是同分异构体C．H3O+与—OH具有相同的电子数D．37Cl与39K具有相同的中子数5．下列说法正确的是A．1 mol NH3中含有的质子数约为6.02×1023B．0.5 mol·L− 1 NaCl溶液中含Cl－的物质的量为0.5 molC．8 g S在足量O2中完全燃烧转移的电子数约为9.03×1023D．标准状况下，22.4 L SO2和CO2的混合气体所含原子数约为1.806×10246．等物质的量的铁和铝混合均分为四份，分别加到足量的下列溶液中充分反应后，放出氢气最多的是A．3mol·L－1 HCl溶液B．4mol·L－1 HNO3溶液C．3mol·L－1 H2SO4溶液D．18mol·L－1 H2SO4溶液7.下列各组物质的稀溶液相互反应，把前者逐滴滴入后者与把后者逐滴滴入前者，所产生的现象相同的是A．AlCl3和NaOH B．Na2CO3和HClC．NaHCO3和HCl D．氨水和AgNO38．下列在限定条件溶液中的各组离子，一定能够大量共存的是A．pH=3的溶液：Na+、Cl－、Fe3+、ClO－B．pH=10：K+、SO42－、CO32－、NH4+C．使石蕊试液变红的溶液：Na+、Cl－、SO42－、AlO2-D．水电离的H+ 浓度为1×10-12 mol·L-1的溶液：K+、Ba2+、Cl-、Br-9.下列反应的离子方程式不正确的是A.用氨水吸收过量的SO2：NH3·H2O+SO2=NH4++HSO3—B.氯化亚铁溶液中通入少量氯气2Fe2+＋Cl2 = 2Fe3+＋2ClC.Ca(ClO)2溶液中通过量的CO2：Ca2+ + 2ClO—+ H2O+CO2=CaCO3↓+2HClOD.Fe(NO3)3溶液中加过量氨水：Fe3++3NH3·H2O = Fe(OH)3↓+3NH4+10．下列有关元素周期表和元素周期律的说法中，正确的是A. 第三周期主族元素中氯的原子半径最大B.原子最外层电子数为2的元素一定位于周期表中的第IIA族C. 同主族自上而下，其非金属元素气态氢化物的稳定性逐渐增强D. 镓（Ga）位于第4周期、IIIA族，其最高价氧化物对应水化物的化学式为Ga(OH)311．设N A为阿伏加德罗常数，下列说法不正确．．．的是A．标准状况下，22.4 L O2含有的分子数为N AB．常温常压下，3.4 g H2O2含有极性键的数目为0.2 N AC．将含Na+数目为N A的NaCl固体溶于1 L水中，所得溶液的浓度为1 mol·L-1D．标准状况下，2.24 L Cl2与足量NaOH溶液反应，转移电子的数目为0.1 N A12.已知KMnO4与浓盐酸在常温下反应能产生Cl2。