闸北初中补习班 秋季新王牌 中考冲刺补习 总复习3-具体物质 (2) (1)

初三化学2012图形计算题汇总2一、溶液的质量的计算1、在一烧杯中盛有一定质量的MgCO 3固体，向其中滴加溶质的质量分数为10％的H 2SO 4溶液，至恰好完全反应。

得到102g 不饱和溶液。

向所得溶液中逐滴滴人溶质质量分数为l0％的NaOH 溶液，产生沉淀的质量与所滴入NaOH 溶液的质量关系曲线如图所示。

请根据题意回答下列问题： (1)在滴入稀硫酸时，观察到的明显实验现象是______________________________。

(2)当滴入NaOH 溶液至图中A 点时，烧杯中溶液里含有的溶质是(写化学式)____________________________________________。

(3)当滴入10％的NaOH 溶液80g 时(即B 点)，试通过计算，求此时所得不饱和溶液的质量。

(计算结果精确至0.1g)3、在一烧杯中盛有一定质量的金属镁，向其中加入足量的稀硫酸，至恰好完全反应，在一定温度下得到30g MgSO 4的不饱和溶液。

向所得溶液中逐滴滴入溶质质量分数为10%的NaOH 溶液，溶液的总质量与滴入NaOH 溶液的质量的质量关系曲线如图所示。

请根据题意回答下列问题：⑴写出在整个实验过程中观察到的一项实验现象： 。

⑵当滴入过量NaOH 溶液至图中B 点时，烧杯中溶液里含有的溶质为 、 。

⑶当滴入10%的NaOH 溶液40g 时（即图中A 点），恰好完全反应。

试通过计算，求此时烧杯中所得不饱和溶液的质量（计算结果精确到0.1g ） 产生沉淀的质量/gA滴入NaOH 溶液的质量/g4、在一烧杯中盛有24.3g Na2SO4和NaCl组成的固体混合物，加入100g水使Na2SO4和NaCl 全部溶解。

向其中逐渐滴加溶质质分数为20％的氯化钡溶液。

图所示，请根据题意回答问题：（1）过程中观察到的现象。

（2）滴加到B点时，溶液中的溶质是。

二、溶质质量的计算1、在一烧杯中盛有22.3g Na2CO3和NaCl组成的固体混合物，加足量水溶解，制成溶液。

中考英语作文解析（1）要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。

1．有一些人认为。

2．另一些人认为。

3．我的看法。

The topic of ①------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two s ides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorit e. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the follow ing three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）. The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise c hoice .（2）给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一）. For example, they think ②-----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二)．Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)．阐述主题题型要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述．1．阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义．2．分析并举例使其更充实．The good old proverb ----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that ----------------(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,-----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(举例说明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(举例说明). Furthermore , ------------------(理由三)．In my opinion, ----------------(我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or wo rk, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it解决方法题型要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径1．问题现状2．怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(说明A的现状)．Second, ---------------(举例进一步说明现状)Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective mea sures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一). For another -------------(解决方法二). Finally, --------------(解决方法三).Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is aw aiting us because --------------(带来的好处).说明利弊题型这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）1．说明事物现状2．事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）3．你对现状（或前景）的看法Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be se en as follows. First ----------------(A的优点之一). Besides -------------------（A的优点之二）.But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(A的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(A的第二个缺点)．Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspe cts overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法)．(From the comparison between these positive and negative effe cts of A, we should take it reasonably and do it accordingto the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(对前景的预测)．)现象解释型模板一1.Recently,__________.2.What amaze us most is_________.3.It is true that_________.4.There are many reasons explaining_________.5.The main reason is________.6.What is more__________.7.Thirdly,__________.8.As a result_________.9.Considering all these,_________.10.For one thing,________.11.For another,_________.12.In conclusion,__________.现象解释型模板二1.As is known to all,_______.2.________seem to get accustomed to_________.3.In fact,_______.4.The reasons of________lie in several aspects.5.Firstly,________.6.Secondly,________.7.Thidly,_________.8.Finaly,_________.9.As a matter of fact,_________.10.On the one hand,_________.11.On the other hand,__________.12.Therefore,___________.现象解释型模板三1.Nowadays,_________.2.For one thing,__________.3.For another,_________.4.It is obvious__________.5.Many remarkable factors contribute to_________.6.First of all,________.7.In addition,_________.8.Thirdly,_________.9.As to me,_________.10.As we know,_________.11.Besides,__________.12.In a word,__________.现象解释型叙事类作文专用模板1.It so happened that_________.2.Just at the moment,_________.3.It impressed me most because________.4.What hanppened was_________.5.At first,__________.6.Almost at the same time,_________.7.What’s more,___________.8.As a result,___________.9.As I understand,___________.10.On the one hand,___________.11.On the other hand,___________.12.Therefpre,____________.对比选择型模板一1.Recently,we may hear quite different opinions__________.2.Most people take it for granted that________.3.However,others hold________.4.A dominant idea is that_______.5.In this view,_______.6.Nevertheless,the objectors think________.7.They argue that________.8.As to me,I prefer________.9.On the one hand,________.10.On the other hand,________.11.Therefore,_________.12.In conclusion,_________.对比选择型模板二1.There is a heated debate over_________.2.It is commonly accepted that_________.3.In contrast,others_________.4.Those who hold the first opinion suggest________.5.In their view,__________.6.However,others think__________.7.They argue that___________.8.Considering one after another,I stand on the side of_______.9.First of all,__________.10.Further more,__________.11.Thirdly,___________.12.Therefore,___________.对比选择型模板三1.Different people will offer quite different ideas________.2.Many people assert__________.3.However,others believe__________.4.Some may proclaim___________.5.They mainlain such an idea because_________.6.In contrast,the objectors think__________.7.The argue that_________.8.As far as I am concerned,I agree to_________.9.First,________.10.Second,________.st but least,________.12.In a word,_________.问题解决型模板一1.With the_______of________,________.(问题出现的背景)2.So it is of graet importance for us to_________.3.On the one hand,________.4.On the other hand,_________.5.However,we have figured out many ways to________.6.Firstly,________.7.So long as__________.8.Secondly,_________.9.Thirdly,_________.10.In fact,________.11.That is because________.12.In a word,_________.问题解决型模板二1.There has been a discussion recently about________.2.It is true to the present situation that_________.3.But_________.4.As is known to all,there are many ways________.5.First of all,_______.6.Further more,_______.st but not least,________.8.So it is high time for us to_______.9.That is because_______.10.Secondly,_________.11.Thirdy,__________.12.All in all,_________.问题解决型模板三1.Nowadays,there is a growing concern on_______.2.It is certain that________.3.However,_________.4.It well cause many serious results if_______.5.Firstly,________.6.Secondly,________.7.Finaly,________.8.In spite of all these,there are still many ways________.9.First of all,________.10.In addition,________.11.Thirdly,_________.12.Only in this way,_________.中考新题型专项训练Mr. Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town. People sometimes 1 ________ him broken umbrellas, and then he took them to a big shop in London. They were 2 ________ there.One day Mr. Brown went to London by train. He 3 ________ to take an umbrella with him that day. Sitting in front of him was a man with an umbrella standing 4 _______ the seat. When the train arrived in London, Mr. Brown 5 ________ up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train. Just as he was getting off, he was 6 ________ by the man. He said angrily, "That's 7________ !" Mr. Brown' s face turned red and he gave it back to the man at once.When Mr Brown got to the big shop, the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready. After a good look at 8 ________ of them, he said, "You've mended them very well."In the afternoon he got into the train again. The 9 ________ man was in the same seat. He looked at Mr Brown and his six umbrellas, "You've had a 10 ________ day," he said.You may think there is nothing but sand in the desert of the world, but it is not true. In the desert we can 1._______ stones. We can see hills, too. There is a little rain in the 2.________, but it is not 3. ______ for most plants.The animals are 4. _______ to the desert people in many ways. The desert people eat the meat and drink the milk of the animals. They use their skins to 5. ________ shoes, water bags and even tents(帐篷). They use the camels(骆驼) for 6. _______ things.The people of the desert have to keep 7. _______ from places to place. They must always look for grass or desert plants for their animals. They usually live in the tents. When there is momore food for their animals, they take down their tents, put them on the camels and move to 8._______ place. The desert people are very 9. _______. No man in the desert would ever refuse to help the people in 10._______ and give them food and water.Mr Hill arrives at London Airport, at the end of a three-week holiday in 1. ________. Usually he wears a beard(蓄着胡须). Since it has been 2.________ there, he has taken it off (剃掉). But his passport photo shows him with his 3. ________.An officer looks at the 4. ________for a moment, and says，"Will you excuse me? Please sit down. I shan't keep you long." With this, he walks away, shows the photo to a second 5.________, and says: "I know that face." The second officer looks at the 6. ________ and asks where Mr Hill has come from. When he hears that Mr Hill has arrived back from Paris, the 7.________ officer smiles and says: "An Englishman with a beard stole a painting in Paris on Friday, And that man looks just the kind of man..."8.________ it comes to the first officer who Mr Hill is. He returns to him, and asks: "Did you9. ________ at the No.2. High School?" When Mr Hill answers, 10. ________, that he did, the first officer smiles and says: "I thought so. I'm Jack Smith. You taught me French. You haven't changed a bit.""Dreams (梦) may be more important than sleep. We all need to dream," some scientists say.Dreams take up about one quarter of our 1 .________ time. People have several2. ________each night. Dreams are like short films. They are usually in colour. Some dreams are3. ________ old films. They come to us over and over4. ________. That may be because the dreamer is worrying about something. Dreaming may be a way of trying to find an answer.Some people get new ideas 5. ________ their work from dreams. They may have been 6.________ about their work all day. These thoughts can carry over into dreams.Sometimes we 7. ________ with a good feeling from a dream. But often we can't remember the dream. Dreams can disappear (消失) 8. ________ from memory (记忆).Too much dreaming can be harmful (有害的). The 9. ________ we sleep, the longer we dream. The mind is hard at work when we dream. That is 10. ________ we may have a long sleep and still wake up tired.11 / 11。

第三章牛顿运动三定律牛顿第一定律1．惯性：保持原来运动状态的性质，质量是物体惯性大小的唯一量度（注解：牛顿第一定律即惯性定律，任何物体在任何地方任何时候都具有惯性）2．平衡状态：静止或匀速直线运动（注解：当物体处于静止或匀速直线运动这两种运动状态时，物理处于平衡状态，即加速度为0，合外力为0）3．力是改变物体运动状态的原因，即产生加速度的原因（注解，此处的力应指合力。

当物体受力平衡时，物体将始终保持匀速直线运动或静止状态，直道外力来迫使他改变这种运动状态，以此引出加速度）牛顿第二定律1．内容：物体运动的加速度与所受的合外力成正比，与物体的质量成反比，加速度方向与合外力方向一致（注解：合外力都是体现物理的力学性质）2．表达式：F合= ma、（注解：合外力和加速度当中就差个标量质量，加速度和合外力可以认为是完全关联的2个物理量）3．力的瞬时作用效果：一有力的作用，立即产生加速度（依据F合= ma 公式当中没有时间t，所以是瞬时对应的，而v=at 所以速度为0时，也是可以有加速度的，譬如自由落体的初始时刻，譬如弹簧振子达到最大位移的时候）4．力的单位的定义：使质量为1kg的物体产生1m/s2的加速度的力就是1N（加速度，同样是比值法定义的物理量）牛顿第三定律1．物体间相互作用的规律：作用力和反作用力大小相等、方向相反，作用在同一条直线上（注解：牛三定律，解释了力学的规律，任何力都必须是一个物体对另外一个物体的作用，一定会牵扯到2个物体，同时这种作用是相互的）2．作用力和反作用力同时产生、同时消失，作用在相互作用的两物体上，性质相同（注解：此处性质是指力的性质，相互作用的2个力必然是同种性质的力，譬如压力和弹力都属于弹力范畴，浮力的本质是物体上下表面的压力差，那么物体同样会给液体这样的压力，所以浮力也一样有反作用力譬如磁力的本质是电磁力，天然磁铁吸附回形针，实质上是因为回形针此时已被磁化，所以反作用力当然也会是磁力）3．作用力和反作用力与平衡力的关系注解：作用力和反作用力是相互作用的两个力，是在相互作用的2个物体上，且力的性质一定相同，而平衡力是一对作用在同一物体上的共点力，大小相等方向相反，使物体处于平衡状态，性质一般不同，譬如桌面上的物体受到重点和支持力而平衡，重力和支持力是一对平衡力，而重力是引力，支持力却是弹力，但桌面给物体的支持力和物体给桌面的压力是一对相互作用力，本质是弹力，物体受到的重力和物理给地球的反作用力，本质是万有引力）牛顿运动定律的应用1．已知运动情况确定物体的受力情况（注解：知道物体的运动状态一定能够确定物体的受力状态，其有一：当物体处于静止或者匀速直线运动时，物体处于平衡状态合外力为0，加速度a为0二：当物体处于匀变速直线运动时，物体合外力不为0且是个恒力，加速度a不为0三：当物体处于匀速圆周运动时物体线速度方向合外力为0，垂直线速度方向合外力提供向心力加速度a不为0 当物体处于非匀速圆周运动时物体线速度方向合外力不为0，垂直线速度方向合外力提供向心力加速度a不为0 四：当物体处于往复运动时，物体受到一个始终指向平衡位置的力，只有当这个力和离开平衡位置的位移成正比时，即简谐振动2．已知受力情况确定物体的运动情况（注解：这种情况基本就不好确定了，因为不同的加速度结合不同的初速度，将会是截然不同的运动）3．加速度是联系运动和力关系的桥梁，（注解：即F合= ma 合外力和加速度的量化关系）整体法和隔离法整体法顾名思义，就是将各部分看成一个整体，这种方法可以不考虑物体间的相互作用，所以整体法多用来计算对被研究物体来说是外力的力的计算（注解：当题目中出现两个物体相对静止，或者两物体无相对滑动时，都在强烈暗示使用整体法）隔离法与整体法相对，也是高中力学分析非常重要的方法之一，隔离法更加侧重解决是物体内部的相互作用力的计算（注解：整体法和隔离法，针对不同的目的而恰当的选择，当要计算2个物体以外的力时显然整体法简单，当要研究2个物体相互之间的力是，隔离法是不二的选择，当然也要研究较简单的那个）(注解：外力会影响运动状态，F合= ma，而内力并不会影响运动状态)（注解：当两个相互作用的物体有相对运动时，其实也可以用整体法,方法就是使用系统牛二定律）两个相互关联的物体加速度之间的关系（注解：两个相互关联的物体加速度之间的关系确定，是画出下一时刻，两个物体各自的位移，利用S =at2/2推出加速度之比就是位移之比，从而得到两个加速度之间的具体关系，是未知数的个数变为一个）举例：总结牛顿三定律构成了高中力学的框架，可以说任何一道力学题目无时无刻不在充分利用这3个定律，其中牛二和牛三定律使用更多。

闸北初中补习班秋季最好中考冲刺新王牌第⼗讲⽜顿第⼀定律第⼗讲⽜顿第⼀定律（作业部分）课后作业（⼀）1.⼩明站在汽车上，当汽车突然启动时，⼩明回向____倒，说明物体具有_________2.物体在光滑⽔平⾯上运动不受阻⼒，让这个物体持续受到⼀个与运动⽅向相同的⼒作⽤，物体将会_______运动；过⼀段时间撤去这个⼒，物体将会_______运动。

（选填“匀速”、“减速”或“加速”）3.如图所⽰是运动员撑杆跳中的⼀个瞬间，弯曲的撑竿表明⼒能使物体发⽣_________；运动员推开撑竿后不会⽴即落下，是由于运动员具有_________的性质；当运动员越过横杆后，由于受到重⼒，运动员下落时会______________(选填“越来越快”、“越来越慢”或“保持匀速”)。

4.如图所⽰，⽊块与⼩车⼀起向右做匀速直线运动，某时刻观察到如图(b)所⽰的现象．由此可判断（）A．⼩车突然加速运动B．⼩车突然减速运动C．⼩车保持匀速运动D．⼩车可能做加速、也可能做减速运动5.⽤绳⼦栓住⼀个⼩球在光滑的⽔平⾯上作圆周运动，当绳⼦突然断裂，⼩球将 [ ]A. 保持原来的圆周运动状态B. 保持绳断时的速度作匀速直线运动C. ⼩球运动速度减⼩，但保持直线运动状态D. 以上三种都有可能6.下列说法正确的是 [ ]A. 物体不受⼒作⽤就⼀定静⽌。

B. 物体不受⼒作⽤就⼀定是匀速直线运动。

C. 物体受⼒才能运动。

D. 以上说法都是错误的。

7.我国规定，⼩汽车前排必须装有保险带，它是⽤来防⽌汽车的 [ ]A. ⾼速⾏驶。

B. 快速起动。

C. 紧急刹车。

D. 上述各项都能防⽌。

8.正在运动的物体，如果它所受的外⼒同时消失，那么这物体将（）A、⽴即停下来；B、慢慢停下来；C、继续运动下去；D、向相反⽅向运动。

9.下列说法中正确的是（）A．没有⼒的作⽤物体只处于静⽌； B．运动的物体⼀定要受到⼒的作⽤；C．静⽌的物体⼀定没有受到⼒的作⽤ D．运动的物体如果不受⼒，它将永远运动下去。

第八讲 匀速直线运动（课后作业）课后作业（一） 1. 坐橡皮艇漂流时，对于两岸的悬崖峭壁来说，探险者是_________的，对于橡皮艇来说，探险者是________的，对于湍急的河水来说，探险者是________的。

2. 之处下列句子中的参照物“轻舟已过万重山”_____________________________________“月上柳梢头”__________________________________________太阳从东方升起__________________________________________同步地球卫星静止在天空某处______________________________火车上的乘客说“上海离我越来越近了”____________________3. 在第一次世界大战期间，有名法国飞行员，在2000米高空飞行时，发现飞机旁边有一条“小虫”正以同样的速度同行，他伸手抓来一看，大吃一惊！原来是一颗德国制造的子弹。

此时飞机与子弹彼此间保持了相对的_____________,在这瞬间，以___________做参照物，子弹保持不动。

4. 2005年底，洋山深水港建成通车。

通往洋山深水港的东海大桥全长32.5千米，一辆轿车匀速通过大桥需要半小时，该轿车的速度为________千米/小时。

轿车上的人看到大桥栏杆在运动，他是选取___________为参照物。

5. 上海的发展日新月异，有着“世博专线”之称的上海城市轨道交通十三号线全长约5000米，将于2010年世博会前投入使用。

若一辆地铁列车全程运行约需250秒，则该车的速度为_________米/秒。

以列车为参照物，坐在车中的乘客是__________的（选填“静止”或“运动”）6. 完成下列单位换算：（1）15m /s = km /h ；（2）72km /h = m /s 。

（3）4.76×105km= dm= μm= nm ；（4）6min= s= h 。

基础知识I.杠杆在力的作用下绕固定点转动的硬棒叫做杠杆II.几个名词1.支点：杠杆绕着转动的固定点（O）。

2.动力：促使杠杆转动的力（F1）3.阻力：阻碍杠杆转动的力（F2）4.动力臂：支点到动力作用线的距离(L1)5.阻力臂：支点到阻力作用线的距离（L2)III.画力臂的方法及步骤1.先根据实际情况标出杠杆的支点。

2.再通过力的作用点沿力的方向画力的作用线（可以向两端恰当延长）。

3.最后通过支点向力的作用线作垂线。

注意： 1）力的作用线需要延长时，延长部分一定要用虚线。

2）力臂的表示是虚线带大括号。

IV.杠杆的平衡1.平衡状态：指杠杆静止不动或绕支点匀速转动。

2.平衡条件：动力×动力臂=阻力×阻力臂即 F1× L1 = F2× L2V.三类杠杆1.省力杠杆：动力臂>阻力臂特点：省力，费距离。

2.费力杠杆：动力臂<阻力臂特点：费力，省距离。

3.等臂杠杆：动力臂=阻力臂特点：不省力，不费力，不省距离课后练习1.下列杠杆中，O是支点，在图上画出F1、F2的力臂，并且用L1、L2表示它们2.如图所示，O点为均匀直棒的支点，请用力的示意图画出重力G和对应的力臂L。

3.杠杆的平衡条件是_______________________________,用公式表示为_________________或__________________.4.在下列机械中：羊角锤、钓鱼竿、天平、钢丝钳、筷子、切纸刀、理发剪刀、普通剪刀、BOF缝纫机的脚踏板、铡草用的铡刀、镊子、铁锹、天平、筷子，它们中属于省力杠杆的是________________属于费力杠杆的是__________________________ 属于等臂杠杆的是______________.5.如图所示是家用脚踏式垃圾桶的结构图，F为装垃圾时开盖用的脚踏板。

从图中可以看出，其中由DEF组成的杠杆是一根________(选填“省力”、“费力”或“等臂”)杠杆，其支点是_________。

第九讲力力的合成（作业部分）课后作业（一）1.任何力都离不开_______而存在，力是物体间的_________作用。

2.力的单位是_________，用字母_________表示。

3.放在桌子上的书受到____________和____________的作用，受力物体是___________，施力物体分别是____________和____________。

4.用脚踢足球，球飞走了是由于_____对______施力的结果；脚感到疼是________对施力的结果，这一现象说明______________________5.力的三要素是指__________、_____________和_________，只要有一个要素发生变化，力的____________就会改变。

6.物体由于_________而受到的力叫做重力，用符号_____表示，重力的施力物体为_________，重力的方向为______________,大小可以用_____________测量。

重力在物体上的作用点叫做_________。

7.汽车在地面行驶时，轮胎与地面的摩擦是_________,刹车后，轮胎与地面的摩擦是_____________8.人在一般情况下步行前进时，若鞋底与地面间没有打滑，则鞋底与地面间的摩擦属于摩擦，地面对鞋底的摩擦力方向是向（选填：“前”或“后”）。

仔细观察发现鞋底的表面制成凹凸不平的花纹，这是采用的方法增大摩擦。

9.作用在同一直线上的两个力的合力为零，则这两个力一定是大小_______方向_________10.同一直线上两个向上的力分别是20N和40N，它们的合力是方向是11.同一直线上同方向的两个力的合力是200N，方向向下，其中一个力的大小是80N，另一个力的大小是方向是。

12.放在水平地面上重100牛顿的小车受到15牛顿的水平向右的拉力作匀速运动。

当拉力增大到18牛顿时，小车受到的合力大小为：_______牛顿，方向___________。

闸北初中补习班秋季中考新王牌冲刺补习初三单选专练中考选择题专练情景交际选择题：1.--- Hello, may I speak to Mr. Smith now?--- ____________________________.A. Sorry, you can’tB. No, you can’tC. Sorry, he is busy nowD. I don’t know2. ---Good morning!--- ____________________________.A. How are youB. I am fineC. Good morningD. Thank you3. ---Take care of yourself.---____________________________.A. Me, tooB. You, tooC. Take good care of yourselfD. Hope so4. ---How are you?---____________________________.A. I’m fine, thankB. How are youC. You, tooD. Thank you5. ---Glad to meet you.--- ___________________________.A. GladB. very niceC. Glad to meet you, tooD. How do you do6. ---How do you do, Mr. Smith?--- ___________________________.A. I do wellB. How do you doC. You, tooD. Both do well7. ---Do you think I can use your pen?--- __________________________.A. Yes, you use itB. Yes, help yourselfC. Yes, you may useD. No matter8. --- Who is speaking?--- _________________________.A. No one speakingB. I am speakingC. I want to speakD. This is Li speaking9. --- Can I help you, madam?--- _______________________.A. You can help meB. Thank youC. I want some breadD. You are also busy10. --- Excuse me, Miss. Where is the nearest shop nearby? --- _______________________.A. Sorry, I’m new hereB. I don’t understandC. Please don’t ask thatD. Pardon? I don’t know11. --- Would you mind my using your phone?--- ________________________.A. Yes, you wouldB. No, pleaseC. Yes, pleaseD. Don’t use it12. --- I’d like to go to the concert with you.--- ________________________.A.No, you can go with meB.Thanks, I’d like to go with youC.No, no. I thank youD.Thank you, you should13. --- Would you like to have dinner with us this evening? --- ________________________.A.OK, but I have to go to a meeting this eveningB.No, I can’tC.Sorry, but I have to have a meeting this eveningD.OK, I wouldn’t come to the dinner14. --- Hello, is Mary there, please?--- _______________________.A. No, she isn’t hereB. Yes, she lives hereC. Hold on, I’ll see if she is hereD. Yes, why do you ask?15. --- Would you mind changing seats with me?--- ___________________________.B. Of course, please doC. Yes, you mayD. OK, you can16. --- Please help yourself to the sugar.--- ___________________________.A.Well, sugar don’t suit meB.No, I can’t help youC.Thanks, but I don’t like sugarD.Sorry, I can’t help myself17. --- Hurry up please, or I’ll be late.--- __________________________.A. Well, it’s alright, sirB. Oh, we’re going the right wayC. OK, we’re in hurryD. Sorry sir, but there is much traffic18. --- Excuse me sir, where is parking place? --- _________________________.A.There is one behind that buildingB.No parking hereC.No one parks hereD.There is no park nearby19. --- Are you ready to order?--- _________________________.A.I order you to come hereB.Yes, I’d like to have fishC.Yes, it’s out of orderD.Yes, please don’t order him to do it20. --- Could I use your car for an hour?A. it’s very wellC. I have no ideaD. By all means21. --- Nice weather, isn’t it?--- ________________________.A. Yes, it isn’tB. Yes, it isC. I can’t sureD. Yes, it is not nice weather22. --- Must we clean the windows every day?--- ________________________.A. Yes, you willB. No, you mustn’tC. No, you needn’tD. Yes, you need23. --- I think computers are very useful utensils.--- ________________________.A. Yes, you think rightB. Yes, so do IC. Yes, so am ID. Yes, good idea24. ---He said that he would never work abroad.--- _______________________.A. So did his wifeB. Neither would his wifeC. Neither did his wifeD. His wife would neither25. ---Which language did he speak at the meeting? --- _________________________.A.He can speak French very wellB.He can speak good FrenchC.French, of courseD.He spoke French most fluently of all26. --- What do you find difficult in learning English? --- ___________________________.A.Never be afraid of difficultiesB.Learning is difficult for speakingC.Don’t remind any difficultyD.Learning and speaking27. --- Could you tell me where is the boss?--- __________________________.A. He’s very busy nowB. At the officeC. He’s from ChicagoD. busy working28. --- Would you like to tell me something about your country?--- _________________________.A. It’s my pleasureB. Not at allC. I’ll be pleasedD. Make sure29. --- Can you turn down the TV, please--- ________________________.A.OK, I know thatB.I’ll turn it down next timeC.I’m sorry, I didn’t realize it was that loudD.Please forgive me that30. --- Hi, Bill. I think you did a good job--- ___________________________.A. Not at allB. No mention itC. Thank youD. No, no. I did it badly31. --- Good morning, madam. Can I help you?--- ___________________________.A.Yes, I want a pair of shoesB.Yes, please help me with the suitcaseC.No, you needn’t help meD.No, needn’t. I can do it myself32. --- What was that you said?--- ___________________________.A.I said was thatB.I asked you where you’re goingC.I said nothing about youD.I asked where are you going33. --- Could you please speak a little more slowly?--- __________________________.A.I asked if you had called before you came hereB.Yes, I couldC.Yes, I must do it as you couldD.I’ll speak it more slowly34. --- Could I have look at your passport?--- ___________________________.A. Yes, I couldB. Yes, here you areC. OK, give it to youD. All right35. --- Would it be possible for somebody to help me with my baggage?--- ___________________________.A.Yes, I would beB.No, it would be nobodyC.Of course, sir. Are these two pieces of baggage all yours?D.Yes, That would be OK.36. --- Do you want me to help you?--- ___________________________.A.If it’s no trouble for youB.That’s OKC.Here, please take me thereD.Well, I don’t know what to do37. --- I beg your pardon.--- _______________________.A.Yes, I will pardon youB.Yes, I pardon you nowC.It’s nothingD.It’s all right38. --- Hello, is Mrs. Green available?--- ______________________.A. She is availableB. She will go with youC. Who are youD. This is she speaking39. --- Do you mind if I sit here?--- _______________________.A.I’m sorry, but I do mindB.I’m sorry, but I don’t mindC.Yes, you may sit hereD.Yes, you do mind40. --- I don’t like the sports programs on TV.--- _______________________.A. I don’t like, tooB. So do IC. Neither do ID. Neither am I综合练习：Part 1:各区单项选择大全1长宁II. Choose the best answer：(选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C 或D表示)：(共20分)31. ―Who knows the _______ answer to the question?‖ the teacher asked.A. aB. anC. theD. /32. Joyce wrote an article _______ how to improve our memory for the school newspaper.A. forB. onC. inD. at33. In the modern world, _______ young people are interested in cormorant fishing.A. a fewB. fewC. lots ofD. some34. The Greens and the Browns ________next-door neighboursfor many years.A. wereB. will beC. have beenD. had been35. It is nice ______into a new house with a beautiful garden.A. movingB. movesC. moveD. to move36. Alice likes to _______the little puppy and hold it in her arms.A. set upB. pick upC. get upD. give up37. Steven completed the science test______ in our class yesterday.A. most quicklyB. more quicklyC. less quicklyD. quickly38. _______ super calculators computers are!A. WhatB. What aC. What anD. How39. We will remember the picture ______ it is silly, strange and colorful.A. unlessB. ifC. beforeD. after40. -Have you brought _______ with you? We won’t have time to come back.-Don’t worry. All the things we need are here, in this big bag.A. somethingB. anythingC. nothingD. everything41. Speak louder_______ everyone in the meeting room can hear you clearly.A. so thatB. in order toC. sinceD. because42. It doesn’t l ook like rain, so you _______bring your umbrella with you.A. mustn’tB. can’tC. needn’tD. may not43. The taxi base fare(起步价)in Shanghai ________from 12yuan to 14 Yuan last August.A. raisedB. was raisedC. has raisedD. has been raised44. He was unaware of the mistakes he made in the report. The underlined part means _______A. didn’t think aboutB. didn’t seeC. didn’t knowD. didn’t want45. The actress is at least 50, but she looks _______than she really is.A. very youngB. much youngerC. very oldD. much older46. Flora told us such a funny joke that it made all of us _______.A．laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed47. I imagine you’re tired from the journey. The underlined part means_______.A. guessB. planC. wonderD. hope48. Jack, you’d better _______ too many soft drinks. It’s bad for your health.A. not to haveB. to haveC. not haveD. have49. I’d like to see you off at the airport. Could you tell m e _______?A. when your plane took offB. when did your plane take offC. when your plane takes offD. when does your plane take off50. -Why don’t we have a get-together next week?--_______A. Yes, please.B. No, thanks. C .That’s a good ide a. D. I’m sorry.2宝山V. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案) ：（共20分）31. In the United States, Father’s Day is on _______ third Sunday in June.A. aB. anC. theD. /32. I telephoned Jane just now, but she wasn’t in. I has to leave her a(n) _______.A. adviceB. informationC. messageD. paper33. It is no doubt that Liu Xiang is _______ favourite star.A. usB. weC. ourD. ours34. Many scientists say that it’s important for us to have ______ food in our diet.A. a variety ofB. a great dealC. a large number ofD. a good many35. Five _______ students from different schools took part in the English contest last Saturday.A. hundred ofB. hundredC. hundreds ofD. hundreds36. Many experts think pigs are ______ to train than dogs or cats.A. easierB. much easyC. more easilyD. too easy37. You _______ to tell him the news. It will make him sad.A. needn’tB. shouldn’tC. couldn’tD. don’t need38. You have been to Beijing. How long _______ you ______ there/A. did…stayB. have…stayedC. do…stayD. will…stay39. Today Chinese ______ by more and more people all over the world.A. was spokenB. is spokenC. spokeD. speak40. Mother often tells Tom ______ too much time playingvideo games.A. not to spendB. to not spendC. don’t spendD. doesn’t spend41. Mrs. Smith found the toys here and there, so she asked her son to ______ his toys before having dinnerA. put offB. give awayC. put awayD. give out42. A: When did it begin to snow?B: It started ______ the night.A. duringB. byC. fromD. at43. I haven’t got an armchair_________. Will you make room for me?A. To sitB. to sit inC. for sittingD. sitting on44. Children, will you finish _________the classroom before 5:00 p.m.?A. cleanB. to cleanC. cleanedD. cleaning45. I don’t know if he _______tomorrow.A. Will comeB. comesC. cameD. has come46. Get up early and do exercise every day, _______you won’t have a strong body.A. butB. forC. andD. or47. They usually have lunch at school, ________?A. haven’t theyB. do theyC. don’t theyD. have they48. A: Have you heard from Jim?B: No, I haven’t. The underlined part means‖_______‖.A. Heard of the letterB. received a letter fromC. written a letter fromD. heard about49. Big Ben is a famous _______in London.A．statue B. museum C. park D. clock50. A: Would you mind repairing the MP3 player for me?B: ______.A. Never mindB. Don’t worryC. Not at allD. I’m glad you like it3崇明II. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案)：(20分)31. Linda got up very late this morning and she went to school in hurry.A)/ B)a C)an D) the32. Jessie is keen watching the TV show One out of 100 at the weekend.A) on B)in C) to D) with33. I happened to meet a friend of in the bookstore yesterday afternoon.A) I B)me C) my D)mine34. There were so many in the street today because it was a national holiday.A) student B) traffic C) policeman D) people35. The English guest could speak only Chinese, but she managed to communicate with us.A) few B) little C) a little D) a few36. Nowadays China 's Got Talent is one of TV programs in Shanghai.A) popular B) more popularC) most popular D) the most popular37. —does the winter holiday begin this year?—On January 14,h.A) What B)How C) Why D) When38. The fish soup tasted so that the guests asked for more.A) bad B) terrible C) well D) good39. Children be very careful when they go across the busy street.A) shouldn't B) needn't C) must D) may40. We've just had a warm December. unusual weather it was!A) What B) What a C) What an D) How41. Which mobile phone would you like to buy, a Nokia an iPhone4 ?A) so B)or C)but D) and42. Jack was half an hour late for the party he was stuck in a traffic jam.A) unless B) while C) because D) if43. Ben computer games when I went to see him last night.A) is playing B) was playingC) will play D) play44. Sarah many interesting places since she came to live in Shanghai last year.A) has visited B) will visitC) was visiting D) had visited45. Nancy has decided to lose weight. Nothing will make her her mind.A) change B) changed C) changing D) to change46. There so many beautiful toys that he didn't know which one to choose.A) is B) are C) was D) were47. Please your coat. It's very hot inside the room.A) show off B) take offC) turn off D) put off48. Would you please tell me ?A) when will we have an English examB) when we will have an English examC) when would we have an English examD) when we would have an English exam49. —We're going to have a picnic tomorrow. Would you like to join us?—A) I'd love to. B) That's right.C) Well done. D) Not at all.50. —I'm sorry I've broken your glass.—A) Me too. B) Never mind.C) You're welcome. D) Of course not.4奉贤II. Choose the best answer(选择最恰当答案)：（共20分）31. We are planning______ one-day trip to Century Park during the winter holidays. ______trip must be full of fun, I think.A. a, TheB. an, TheC. the, AD. the, The32. _______December 11,2001, China formally became the 143rd member of the WTOA. inB. OnC. AtD. Until33. -----Would you like some______?-----OH, YES, just a littleA. milkB. appleC. pearsD. oranges34 . Tom. Mary can't open the box. can you give ______ a helping hand?A. sheB. herC. hersD. herself35. Excuse me, sir. I bought the shoes yesterday, but they are in different sizes. One is size 37, _____is size 38.A. the othersB. otherC. anotherD. the other36. _______of the newspaper in the world are written in English.A. Three quarterB. Three-fourthsC. Three -fourthD. Third-four37. Mobile phones are very popular nowdays and they are_______ than before.A. cheapB. cheaperC. cheapestD. the cheapest38. It's difficult to live in a foreign country，________if you don't speak the languageA. importantlyB. naturallyC. especiallyD. usually39. My uncle doesn't have much money. ______he always enjoys himself.A. butB. soC. andD. or40. The comic strip is _____funny______ readers art fond of it.A. too, toB. so, thatC. very, toD. too, that41. All the children like Mr. White very much because he often makes them________A. laughedB. laughingC. laughD. to laugh42. I looked everywhere for the book, but I ______find itA. mustn'tB. needn'tC. may notD. couldn't43. Private cars are becoming very popular though most of them still ______too muchA. payB. costC. sellD. spend44. Many students have to______ their hobbies because of their busy school workA. stay upB. put upC. give upD. look up45. Look! What a clean room! Who_______ it?A. has tidiedB. is tidyingC. will tidyD. tidied46. Most people _______when the big earthquake took place in that area.A. are sleepingB. were sleepingC. sleptD. sleep47 Don't put off today's work for tomorrow. I mean, today's work______ today.A. may doB. must doC. may be doneD. must be done48．Mary keeps talking about the party. She had a very good time,_______?A. hadn’t sheB. had sheC. didn’t sheD. did she49. --____________?--I’d like to see that red dress.A. What can I do for you?B. Do you want anything?C. What do you like?D. What will you do?50. --I’m sorry. I’m late because the traffic is bad.--________. But tomorrow, please be on time.A. It’s a pleasureB. You’re welcomeC. It doesn’t matterD. That’s right5虹口II. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案)：(共20分)31. Anna ordered a square umbrella from the Taobao net last week and now ______ umbrella has arrived.A. aB. anC. theD. /32. –Where did you but the nice card?–I made it by __________.A. IB. meC. myselfD. mine33.The postman cried out downstairs, ―Mr. Anderson, here isa letter _______ you.‖A. ofB. onC. withD. for34. Peter’s parents are good at physics, but _______ of them is good at English.A. allB. bothC. neitherD. none35. I need _____ bananas to make fruit salad. Could you please buy some?A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little36. The more you smile, the _______ will feel in your everyday life.A. happyB. happierC. happiestD. the happiest37. ―How much _____ the pair of shoes over there?‖ the lady asked the shop assistant.A. amB. isC. beD. are38. Tony, what would you like for your fourteenth birthday, an MP4 _____ a bike?A. butB. andC. orD. so39. My father was preparing for his speech ______ my mother was doing some washing last night.A. whileB. untilC. unlessD. if40. –Must I do all the housework, Mum?--No, you _____. Just clean your bedroom.A. mustn’tB. shouldn’tC. needn’tD. can’t41. –Would you like to go and have some coffee with me?--I’d like to, but my father _______ for me outside now.A. waitsB. is waitingC. will waitD. waited42. –Helen, I called you yesterday evening, but nobody answered the phone.--Oh, I _______ a walk with my sister at that time.A. takeB. tookC. am takingD. was taking43. The students in the middle school ______ their e-bags since 2010.A. haveB. will haveC. have hadD. had44. A flower show _________ next week in the park and I’ll go to visit it with my family.A. is holdingB. will holdC. has been heldD. will be held45. He decided to leave for Thailand as soon as he finished _____ the novel.A. writeB. writingC. to writeD. written46. –I feel a bit hungry now.–Why not ______ for dinner with us?A. goB. goingC. to goD. gone47. ________ excited the mother was when she heard her son’s voice from the space station!A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an48. _______ comes the last bus! Hurry up, or we’ll have to walk home.A. ThisB. HereC. ItD. One49. –Would you mind telling me your brother’s e-mail address?–_______.A. You’re welcome.B. Certainly not.C. The same to you.D. Yes, please.50. –I like the party so much, but I have to go home. It’s too late.–______.A. What a pity!B. Have another try.C. Congratulations!D. It’s a pleasure.6黄埔II. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案)：(共20分)31.At least 89 people were killed when _______ fire took place in a hospital in the eastern Indian city ofCalcutta.A. /B. aC. anD. the32.The Yangtze River runs____________ the mountains, through the beautiful Three Gorges and finally intothe sea.A. atB. toC. onD. Down33.We can do nothing about yesterday. When one door closes, __________ door opens.A. anotherB. otherC. othersD. the others34.According to a recent survey, more and more _______ prefer to shop on line.A. personB. peopleC. manD. Woman35.The house price in Shanghai is __________ to become lower and lower in the coming years.A. politelyB. possiblyC. likelyD. happily36.With the help of computers, writing does not seem so _________ as it used to be.A. difficultB. less difficultC. more difficultD. the most difficult37.He didn't realize his mistake ______ he was told about it.A. ifB. whileC. untilD. since38.Believe it or not, it's said that people born in the year of the rat __________ become excellent writers.A. shouldB. canC. must39.My father______ for Japan next week and he will stay there for two weeks.A. leavesB. leftC. is leavingD. has left40.Justin Bieber ________ a lot of young fans since his first appearance on the stage.A. winsB. is winningC. will winD. has won41.When the light went out suddenly last night, I _______ a book in bed.A. readB. was readingC. had readD. am reading42. The children _______ by the funny performance in Shanghai Circus World.A. attractB. attractedC. are attractingD. were attracted43.He doesn't mind ______you a helping hand if you can't find anyone else.A. giveB. givesC. giving44.You can't expect ______ a foreign language in a few months.A. learnB. learntC. learningD. to learn45.The problem is __________will be in charge of our school newspaper.A. whoB. whenC. whatD. where46.The girl in red with a pair of glasses ______ good at communicating with others.A. amB. isC. areD. be47.We must do something to protect the earth,_______ we will lose our home.A. orB. butC. soD. and48.________ good idea it is that we will visit London this summer holiday!A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a49.—Would you like me to call a taxi for you?—__________.A. Yes, please.B. It's a pleasure.C. Not at allD. Never mind50.——I'm sorry for what has happened. I didn't mean it.——_________.A. You are welcome.B. All right.C. That's all right.D. Good idea.长宁参考答案31-35 C B B C D 36 - 40 B A A B D 41 - 45 A C B C B 46 - 50 A A C C C宝山区参考答案31. C 32. C 33. C 34. A 35. B 36. A 37. D 38. A 39. B 40. A 41.C 42. A 43. B 44.D 45. A 46. D 47. C 48. B 49. D 50. C崇明参考答案II.31.B 32. A 33. D 34. D 35. C 36. D 37. D 38. D 39. C 40. A 41.B 42.C 43. B 44. A 45. A 46.D 47. B 48. B 49. A 50. B奉贤参考答案II. 31. A 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. D 36. B 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. B 41.C 42.D 43. B 44. C 45. A 46. B 47. D 48. C 49. A 50. C虹口答案II. 31-35 C C D C B 36 - 40 B B C A C 41 - 45 B D C D B 46 - 50 A A B B A黄浦区参考答案II. 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C 36. A 37. C 38. B 39. C 40. D 41. B 42. D 43. C 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. A 48. B 49. A 50. C。

初三化学总复习（三）氧气、氢气、水【重要考点】1、知道空气的组成，初步了解氮气和稀有气体的性质。

2、掌握氧气的物理性质和化学性质；实验室制备氧气的方法；催化剂的作用特点；氧气的用途等。

3、掌握氢气的物理性质和化学性质；实验室制备氢气的方法以及计算。

4、掌握水的物理化学性质；电解水实验；净化水过程等。

【知识梳理】一：空气成分的知识：1、空气的成分：空气的成分按体积分数计算：N2：__ ___；O2：_____；稀有气体：_____；CO2：______；其他气体和杂质：__________。

2、氮气和稀有气体(1)氮气：物理性质化学性质：用途：(2)稀有气体：3、空气中氧气含量的测定测定空气中氧气含量的原理：_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________。

装置图：（右图）【注意事项】：(1)可用来反应的物质必须是的物质（如：红磷、铁），木炭、硫就不能用作测定氧气含量的反应物，原因是：木炭燃烧产生的二氧化碳是气体，集气瓶内气体压强基本没有变化；硫燃烧产生的二氧化硫也是气体，集气瓶内压强也是基本没有变化。

(2)若所用液体不是水，而是碱溶液如NaOH，用C、S在理论上是可行的，因为生成的CO2、SO2能与NaOH溶液反应而被吸收。

(3)进入瓶中的水的体积小于瓶内空间的1/5，可能原因有：二、氧气的制法、性质、用途1、氧气的制法：(1)工业制法（物理方法）：原理是：_____________________________________________。

(2)实验室制法：（四种）A、原理（反应式）：______________________________________________________；B、原理：______________________________________________________；。