新世纪实用英语写作第二章

第一单元：The Smile 1第二单元：My Debt in Life 2第三单元：The Struggle for an Education 5第四单元：The Power of Positive Thinking：7第五单元：Trust 9第六单元：Unlock Your Own Creativity 11第七单元：Help Wanted: A Team Player 12第八单元：Learning to Recover 14第一单元：The SmileA genuine smile may have the power to heal broken relationships and unite distant souls. Thefollowing essay tells us how a smile worked a miracle and saved a man's life during World War II. Hanoch McCartyMany Americans are familiar with The Little Prince, a wonderful book by Antoine deSaint-Exupéry. This is a fantastic and fabulous (极好的) book and works as a children's story as well as a thought-provoking (发人深省的) adult fable (寓言). Far fewer are aware ofSaint-Exupéry's other writings, novels and short stories.Saint-Exupéry was a fighter (战斗机) pilot who fought against the Nazis and was killed in action. Before World War II, he fought in the Spanish Civil War against the fascists (法西斯分子). He wrote a fascinating story based on that experience entitled•The Smile. It is this story which I'd like to share with you now. It isn't clear whether or not he meant this to be autobiographical (自传的) or fiction. I choose to believe it to be the former.He said that he was captured by the enemy and thrown into a jail cell. He was sure that from the contemptuous (轻蔑的) looks and rough treatment he received from his jailers (监狱看守) hewould be executed the next day. From here, I'll tell the story as I remember it in my own words."I was sure that I was to be killed. I became terribly nervous and upset. I fumbled (摸索) in my pockets to see if there were any cigarettes, which had escaped their search. I found one and because of my shaking hands, I could barely get it to my lips. But I had no matches, they had taken those."I looked through the bars at my jailer. He did not make eye contact with me. After all, one does not make eye contact with a thing, a corpse (尸体). I called out to him, 'Have you got a light?' He looked at me, shrugged and came over to light my cigarette."As he came close and lit the match, his eyes accidentally (非故意地) locked with mine. At that moment, I smiled. I don't know why I did that. Perhaps it was nervousness (紧张), perhaps it was because, when you get very close, one to another, it is very hard not to smile. In any case, Ismiled. In that instant, it was as though a spark jumped across the gap between our two hearts, ourtwo human souls. I knew he didn't want to, but my smile leaped through the bars and generated asmile on his lips, too. He lit my cigarette but stayed near, looking at me directly in the eyes and continuing to smile."I kept smiling at him, now aware of him as a person and not just a jailer. And his looking at me seemed to have a new dimension, too. 'Do you have kids?' he asked."'Yes, here, here.' I took out my wallet and nervously fumbled for the pictures of my family. He, too, took out the pictures of his family and began to talk about his plans and hopes for them. My eyes filled with tears. I said that I feared that I'd never see my family again, never have the chance to see them grow up. Tears came to his eyes, too."Suddenly, without another word, he unlocked (开锁) my cell and silently led me out. Out of the jail, quietly and by back routes, out of the town. There, at the edge of town, he released me. And without another word, he turned back toward the town."My life was saved by a smile."Yes, the smile is the unaffected (不矫揉造作的), unplanned (未筹划的), natural connection between people. I tell this story in my work because I'd like people to consider that underneath allthe layers we construct to protect ourselves, our dignity, our titles, our degrees, our status and ourneed to be seen in certain ways, remains the authentic, essential self. I'm not afraid to call it the soul. I really believe that if that part of you and that part of me could recognize each other, we wouldn't be enemies. We couldn't have hate or envy or fear. I sadly conclude that all those other layers, which we so carefully construct through our lives, distance and keep us from truly contacting others. Saint-Exupéry's story speaks of that magic moment when two souls recognize each other.I've had just a few moments like that. Falling in love is one example. And looking at a baby. Why do we smile when we see a baby? Perhaps it's because we see someone without all the defensive layers, someone whose smile for us we know to be fully genuine, natural and honest. And that baby-soul inside us smiles eagerly in recognition.第二单元：My Debt in LifeA writer who has just been awarded the Nobel Prize in literature tells us why it is difficult to repay her debts. How could this be? Read on and find out why. Selma Lagerl?fA few days ago I was sitting in the train, bound for Stockholm. It was early evening; there was little light in my compartment (列车车厢) and none at all outside. My fellow passengers weredozing (打瞌睡) in their respective corners, and I was very quiet, listening to the rattling (嘎嘎作响) of the train.And then I began to think of all the other times I had come up to Stockholm. It had usually been to do something difficult - to pass examinations or to find a publisher (出版商) for my manuscript (手稿). And now I was coming to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. That, too, I thought would be difficult.Deep within me, however, was a great joy at receiving this Prize, and I tried to get rid of my anxiety by thinking of those who would rejoice (欣喜) at my good fortune. There were my good friends, my brothers and sisters and, first and foremost my old mother who, sitting back home, was happy to have lived to see this day.But then I thought of my father and felt a deep sorrow that he should no longer be alive, andthat I could not go to him and tell him that I had been awarded the Nobel Prize. I knew that no onewould have been happier than he to hear this.Anyone who has ever sat in a train as it rushes through a dark night will know that sometimesthere are long minutes when the coaches slide smoothly (平稳地) along without so much as a shudder (战栗). All rustle (沙沙声) and bustle (喧嚣) cease and the sound of the wheels becomes a soothing, peaceful melody (曲子). Well, that is how it was as I sat there and thought how much Ishould like to see my old father again. And so I began to daydream (做白日梦): "Just think, if I were going to meet Father in Paradise (天堂)! I seem to have heard of such things happening to other people - why, then, not to myself?" The train went gliding (滑动) on but it had a long way togo yet, and my thoughts raced ahead of it. Father will certainly be sitting in a rocking chair on a veranda (门廊), with a garden full of sunshine and flowers and birds in front of him.He will say, "Good day, my daughter, I am very glad to see you", or "Why, you are here, and how are you, my child", just as he always used to do.He will settle again in his rocking chair and only then begin to wonder why I have come to see him. "You are sure there is nothing wrong?" he will ask suddenly."No, Father, all is well," I will reply. But then, just as I am about to break my news to him, I will decide to keep it back just a while longer and try the indirect approach. "I have come to ask you for advice, Father," I will say, "for I am very heavily in debt.""I am afraid you will not get much help from me in this matter," Father will reply. "One may well say of this place that it has everything except money.""Ah, but it is not money that I owe, Father." Father then will say, "But that's even worse. Begin right at the beginning, Daughter.""It is not too much to ask that you should help, Father, for it was all your fault right from the beginning. Do you remember how you used to play the piano and sing Bellman's songs to us children and how, at least twice every winter, you would let us read Runeberg and Andersen? It was then that I first fell into debt. Father, how shall I ever repay them for teaching me to love fairytales and stories of heroes, the land we live in and all of our human life?"Father will straighten up in his rocking chair and a wonderful look will come into his eyes. "I am glad that I got you into this debt," he will say."Yes, you may be right, Father, but then remember that that is not all of it. Think how many creditors (债权人) I have. Think of those poor, homeless (无家可归的) people who used to travel up and down our native place in your youth, playing the fool and singing all those songs. And the old men and women sitting in their small grey cottages and telling me wonderful stories. It was they who taught me that there is poetry in hard rocks and black forests. And think, Father, of our own peasants -- do I owe them nothing for giving me such glorious deeds to write about? And I am in debt not only to people; there is the whole of nature as well. The animals that walk the earth,the birds in the skies, the trees and flowers - they have all told me some of their secrets."Father will smile and nod his head and look not at all worried. "But don't you understand, Father, that I carry a great burden of debt?" I will say, and look more and more serious. "No one on earth knows how I can repay it, but I thought that you, in Heaven (天堂), would know.""We do," Father will say and be as carefree and relaxed as he used to be. "Never fear, child, there is a remedy for your trouble.""Yes, Father, but that's not all. I am also heavily in debt to those who have formed and molded (塑造) our language into the good instrument that it is, and taught me to use it. And, then,am I not in debt to those who have written in prose (散文) and in verse (韵文) before my time, who have turned writing into art, the torchbearers (启蒙者), the pathfinders (先驱)? The great Norwegians (挪威人), the great Russians (俄罗斯人) who wrote when I was a child, do I not owe them a thousand debts?""Yes, yes," Father will say. "You are right, yours is a heavy debt but, never fear, we will finda way.""Father, I am also in debt to my readers. I owe them so much.""Yes, yes," Father will say, and I shall see him look a little less calm. Surely, he will begin to understand that it will not be easy to help me."Remember all who have helped me, Father!" I shall say. "Do you not understand now that I had to come to you to ask how such debts can be paid?"Father has lowered his head and does not look so hopeful any more."I agree, Daughter, it is not going to be easy to find help for you but, surely, there is nothing more you owe anyone?""Yes, Father, I have found it difficult enough to bear all that I owed before, but my biggest debt has not yet come. That is why I had to come to you for advice.""I cannot understand how you could owe still more," Father will say."Oh, yes." I will reply, and then I will tell him all about this."I just cannot believe the Academy ..." Father will say but, looking at me and seeing my face, he will know it is all true. And, then, every wrinkle in his face will tremble and tears will come into his eyes."What am I to say to those who put my name up for the Prize and to those who have made the decision -- think, Father, it is not only honor and money they are bestowing on me. They have shown that they have trust enough in me to single me out before the whole world. How shallI repay this debt?"Father will sit and still no words will come as he thinks. Then, drying tears of joy from his eyes, he will bang down his fist on the arm of the rocking chair and say, "I will not rack my brains about problems that no one in Heaven or on earth can solve. I am too happy that you have been given the Nobel Prize to worry about anything!"Your Majesties (陛下), Your Royal Highnesses (殿下) , Ladies and Gentlemen -- having received no better answer than this to all my questions, it only remains to me to ask you to join mein the toast (祝酒) which I have the honor to propose to the Swedish (瑞典的) Academy.第三单元：The Struggle for an EducationAfter a long and hard journey, he finally reached Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute in Virginia with only fifty cents in his pocket. This is Booker T. Washington's account of his journey - starting from the dark and dangerous coal-mine and eventually ending up in his admission to the institute - the struggle to pursue an education and to change his destiny. Booker T.WashingtonOne day, while at work in the coal-mine (煤矿), I happened to overhear (无意中听到) two miners (矿工) talking about a great school for coloured people somewhere in Virginia. In the darkness of the mine I noiselessly crept as close as I could to the two men who were talking. I heard one tell the other that not only was the school established for the members of my race, butthat opportunities were provided by which poor but worthy students could work out all or a part ofthe cost of board, and at the same time be taught some trade or industry.I resolved at once to go to that school, although I had no idea where it was, or how many miles away, or how I was going to reach it; I remembered only that I was on fire constantly with one ambition, and that was to go to Hampton. This thought was with me day and night.Finally the great day came, and I started for Hampton. I had only a small, cheap bag that contained what few articles of clothing I could get. The distance from Malden to Hampton is about five hundred miles. I had not been away from home many hours before it began to grow painfully (极度地) evident that I did not have enough money to pay my fare to Hampton.By walking, begging rides both in wagons and in the cars, in some way, after a number of days, I reached the city of Richmond, Virginia, about eighty-two miles from Hampton. When I reached there, tired, hungry, and dirty, it was late in the night. I had never been in a large city, andthis rather added to my misery (不幸). When I reached Richmond, I was completely out of money.I had not a single acquaintance in the place, and, being unused to city ways, I did not know where to go. I applied at several places for lodging, but they all wanted money, and that was what I did not have. Knowing nothing else better to do, I walked the streets. In doing this I passed by many food-stands (卖食物的小摊) where fried chicken and half-moon apple pies were piled high and made to present a most tempting appearance. How I wished I could have gotten hold of one of those chicken legs or one of those pies. But I could not get either of these, nor anything else to eat.I must have walked the streets till after midnight. At last I became so exhausted that I could walk no longer. I was tired; I was hungry; I was everything but discouraged. Just about the time when I reached extreme physical exhaustion (疲惫), I came upon a portion of a street where the board sidewalk was considerably (在很大程度上) elevated (抬升). I waited for a few minutes, till I was sure that no passers-by (过路者) could see me, and then crept under the sidewalk and lay forthe night upon the ground, with my bag of clothing for a pillow. Nearly all night I could hear the tramp (沉重的步伐声) of feet over my head. The next morning I found myself somewhat refreshed, but I was extremely hungry, because it had been a long time since I had had sufficient food. As soon as it became light enough for me to see my surroundings I noticed that I was near a large ship, and that this ship seemed to be unloading a cargo of pig iron (生铁). I went at once tothe vessel and asked the captain to permit me to help unload the vessel in order to get money for food. The captain, a white man, who seemed to be kind-hearted, consented. I worked long enoughto earn money for my breakfast, and it seems to me, as I remember it now, to have been about thebest breakfast that I have ever eaten.When I had saved what I considered enough money with which to reach Hampton, I started again. Without any unusual occurrence I reached Hampton, with a surplus of exactly fifty cents with which to begin my education. To me it had been a long, eventful (多事的) journey; but the first sight of the large, three-story, brick school building seemed to have rewarded me for all that Ihad undergone in order to reach the place. The sight of it seemed to give me new life. I felt that a new kind of existence had now begun--that life would now have a new meaning.As soon as possible after reaching the grounds of the Hampton Institute, I presented myself before the head teacher for assignment to a class. Having been so long without proper food, a bath,and change of clothing, I did not, of course, make a very favourable impression upon her, and I could see at once that there were doubts in her mind about the wisdom of admitting me as a student. I felt that I could hardly blame her if she got the idea that I was a worthless loafer (游荡者) or tramp (乞丐). For some time she did not refuse to admit me, neither did she decide in my favour, and I continued to linger (逗留，徘徊) about her, and to impress her in all the ways I could with my worthiness (价值). In the meantime I saw her admitting other students, and that added greatly to my discomfort (不舒服), for I felt, deep down in my heart, that I could do as well as they, if I could only get a chance to show what was in me.After some hours had passed, the head teacher said to me, "The adjoining (隔壁的) classroom needs sweeping. Take the broom and sweep it."It occurred to me at once that here was my chance. I swept the classroom three times. Then Igot a dusting-cloth (抹布) and I dusted it four times. All the woodwork (木制部分) around the walls, every bench, table, and desk, I went over four times with my dusting-cloth. I had the feelingthat in a large measure my future depended upon the impression I made upon the teacher in the cleaning of that room. When I was through, I reported to the head teacher. She was a woman whoknew just where to look for dirt. She went into the room and inspected the floor and closets; thenshe took her handkerchief and rubbed it on the woodwork about the walls, and over the table andbenches. When she was unable to find one bit of dirt on the floor, or a particle of dust on any of the furniture, she quietly remarked, "I guess you will do to enter this institution."I was one of the happiest souls on earth. The sweeping of that room was my college examination, and never did any youth pass an examination for entrance into Harvard or Yale that gave him more genuine satisfaction. I have passed several examinations since then, but I have always felt that this was the best one I ever passed.第四单元：The Power of Positive Thinking：Your Key to a Happy and Better Life If thoughts alone can influence our behaviour, then how much can positive or negative thinking contribute to our success or failure? The influence, according to the author, is decisive: if we picture the positive and expect the positive, our life will change accordingly. Remez SassonPositive thinking means admitting into the mind thoughts, words and images that are helpfulto growth, expansion and success. It is the expectation of good and favorable results. A positive mind anticipates happiness, joy, health and a successful outcome of every situation and action. Whatever the mind expects, it finds.Not everyone accepts or believes in positive thinking. Some consider the subject as just nonsense, and others laugh at people who believe and accept it. Among the people who are familiar with this subject, not many know how to use it effectively in order to get results. Yet, it seems that more people are becoming attracted to this subject, as evidenced by the many books, lectures and courses about it. This is a subject that is gaining popularity (流行).It is quite common to hear people say, "Think positively!" to someone who feels down and worried. Most people do not take these words seriously, as they do not know what it really means,or do not consider it as useful and effective. How many people do you know that ever stop to thinkwhat the power of positive thinking means?Allan applied for a new job, but as his self-esteem (自尊心) was low, and he considered himself as a failure and unworthy of success, he was sure that he was not going to get the job. He had a negative attitude towards himself, and believed that the other applicants were better and more qualified than him. Allan manifested (表明) this attitude because he had not been admitted tomost of the jobs he applied for, and consequently had negative past experience.His mind was filled with negative thoughts and fears concerning the job for the whole week before the job interview. He was sure he would be rejected. On the day of the interview he got uplate, and to his horror he discovered that the shirt he had planned to wear was dirty, and the otherone needed ironing. As it was already too late, he went out with a wrinkled shirt.During the interview he was tense, displayed a negative attitude, worried about his shirt, andfelt hungry because he did not have enough time to eat breakfast. All this distracted his mind and made it difficult for him to focus on the interview. His overall behavior made a bad impression, and consequently he materialized (实现) his fear and did not get the job.Jim applied for the same job too, but approached the matter in a different way. He was sure that he was going to get the job. During the week preceding the interview he often visualized (想象) himself making a good impression and getting the job.In the evening before the interview he prepared the clothes he was going to wear, and went tosleep a little earlier. On the day of the interview he woke up earlier than usual, and had ample timeto eat breakfast, and then to arrive for the interview before the scheduled time.He got the job because he made a good impression. Of course he had also the proper qualifications for the job, but so had Allan.What do we learn from these two stories? Is there any magic employed here? No, it is all natural. When the attitude is positive, we entertain pleasant feelings and constructive images, andsee in our mind's eye what we really want to happen. This brings brightness to the eyes, more energy and happiness. The whole being broadcasts good will, happiness and success. Even the health is affected in a beneficial way. We walk tall and the voice is more powerful. Our body language shows the way we feel inside.Positive and negative thinking are both contagious. All of us affect, in one way or another, the people we meet. This happens instinctively (本能地) and on a subconscious (潜意识的) level, through thoughts and feelings transference (感情传递) and through body language. People can sense how we feel about ourselves and are affected by our thoughts. Is it any wonder that we wantto be around positive persons and avoid negative ones? People are more disposed (乐意) to help us if we are positive. They dislike and avoid anyone broadcasting negativity (消极).In order to turn the mind toward the positive, knowledge and training are necessary. Attitudeand thoughts do not change overnight. The power of thoughts is a mighty (强大的) power that is always shaping our lives. This shaping is usually done subconsciously, but it is possible to make the process a conscious one. Even if the idea seems strange, give it a try, as you have nothing to lose, but only to gain. Ignore what others might say or think about you if you change the way you think.Always visualize only favorable and beneficial situations. Use positive words in your innerdialogues or when talking with others. Smile a little more, as this helps to think positively. Disregard (不理会) any feelings of laziness or a desire to quit. If you persevere (坚持不懈), you will transform the way your mind thinks.Once a negative thought enters your mind, you have to be aware of it and endeavor (尽力) toreplace it with a constructive one. The negative thought will try again to enter your mind, and thenyou have to replace it again with a positive one. It is as if there are two pictures in front of you, and you choose to look at one of them and disregard the other. Persistence will eventually teach your mind to think positively and ignore negative thoughts.It does not matter what your circumstances are at the present moment. Think positively, expect only favorable results and situations, and circumstances will change accordingly. It may take some time for the changes to take place, but eventually they do.第五单元：TrustWhen there is no chance of being caught, should a driver be tempted to run a red light? This is not just a matter of observing the law; it involves one's moral values. When we obey a law or a rule, we are actually in agreement with social conventions, where the guarantee of its performanceis faith and mutual trust. Read the following text and see how important trust proves to be in our lives. Andy RooneyLast night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg, Pa., a distance of about eighty miles. It was late, I was late and if anyone asked me how fast I was driving, I'd have to plead (以...为理由或借口) the Fifth Amendment (修正案) to avoid self-incrimination (自证其罪). Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left, and I was clinching my fists with impatience (不耐烦).At one point along an open highway, I came to a crossroads with a traffic light. I was alone on the road by now, but as I approached the light, it turned red and I braked to a halt. I looked left,right and behind me. Nothing. Not a car, no suggestion of headlights (车前灯), but there I sat, waiting for the light to change, the only human being for at least a mile in any direction.I started wondering why I refused to run the light. I was not afraid of being arrested, becausethere was obviously no cop around, and there certainly would have been no danger in going through it.Much later that night, after I'd met with a group in Lewisburg and had climbed into bed near midnight, the question of why I'd stopped for that light came back to me. I think I stopped becauseit's part of a contract we all have with each other. It's not only the law, but it's an agreement wehave, and we trust each other to honor it: we don't go through red lights. Like most of us, I'm moreapt (倾向于) to be restrained from doing something bad by the social convention that disapprovesof it than by any law against it.It's amazing that we ever trust each other to do the right thing, isn't it? And we do, too. Trustis our first inclination (倾向). We have to make a deliberate decision to mistrust (不信任) someone or to be suspicious (怀疑的) or skeptical (持怀疑态度的). Those attitudes don't come naturally to us.It's a damn good thing too, because the whole structure of our society depends on mutual trust, not distrust (不信任). This whole thing we have going for us would fall apart if we didn't trust each other most of the time. In Italy, they have an awful time getting any money for the government, because many people just simply don't pay their income tax. Here the Internal Revenue Service makes some gestures toward enforcing the law, but mostly they just have to trustthat we'll pay what we owe. There has often been talk of a tax revolt in this country, most recentlyamong unemployed (失业的) auto workers in Michigan, and our government pretty much admits if there was a widespread tax revolt here, they wouldn't be able to do anything about it.We do what we say we'll do; we show up when we say we'll show up; we deliver when we say we'll deliver; and we pay when we say we'll pay. We trust each other in these matters, and when we don't do what we've promised, it's a deviation (背离) from the normal. It happens often that we don't act in good faith and in a trustworthy (值得信赖的) manner, but we still consider it unusual, and we're angry or disappointed with the person or organization that violates the trust wehave in them. (I'm looking for something good to say about mankind today.)I hate to see a story about a bank swindler (骗子) who has faked the books to his own advantage, because I trust banks. I don't like them, but I trust them. I don't go in and demand thatthey show me my money all the time just to make sure they still have it.It's the same buying a can of coffee or a quart (夸脱) of milk. You don't take the coffee home and weigh it to make sure it's a pound. There isn't time in life to distrust every person you meet orevery company you do business with. I hated the company that started selling beer ineleven-ounce bottles years ago. One of the million things we take on trust is that a beer bottle contains twelve ounces.It's interesting to look around and at people and compare their faith or lack of faith in other。

Unit1Write an essay (of about 150 words) about a memorable experience in which forgiveness or a smile worked to clear up misunderstanding or improved the relationship between you and someoneelse.EG:In my middle school years, I had a best friend. We talked abouteverything. And we loved singing songs together. Once, however, there was a bitter quarrel between us and we stopped talking to eachother. It was obvious that both of us wanted to keep the friendship,but neither had the courage to break the ice. It went on like this formonths. Then, one day we were asked to write about friendship. Iwrote in my composition what friendship meant to me and the misunderstanding that had separated us. It was given the top mark,and I was asked to read it in class. When I ended my presentationwith the words from our favourite song, my friend was singing along.All misunderstanding was cleared and once again we were best friends. To break down the walls between people is easy; all it takesis a little forgiveness! (150 words)Write an essay (of about 150 words) about human relationships in our society. The following hints might serve as a guide:a. The problems existing in the relationships between people in our society.b. The negative results such problems may bring about to our society.c. What you can do to establish a harmonious societyas a student.EG: We are living in a world of distrust. We live behind cold securitybars; we do not talk to strangers, let alone go out of our way to helpthem; we live in fear of fake products. In short, fear and feelings ofinsecurity fill the environment we live in. All this greatly harms oursociety. Growing up in such an environment, we tend to feel isolated, and care about ourselves only. If things go on like this, “trust”“teamwork”, and “harmony” will eventually become terms unheard of.In my opinion, trusting others and being trustworthy are the two basic principles that we should follow if we want to improve humanrelationships. We may not be in a position to change others, but wecan change the way others see us by winning their trust in us. Mutual understanding and love are the pillars that support a harmonious society. (151 words)Unit3Write a narrative essay (of about 150 words) about your pursuit of adream or someone's experiences in making his / her dream come true.EG:Li Hui, my friend in high school, was born into a worker's family.She began to dream of becoming a cartoon artist from her childhood.To her disappointment, her parents strongly opposed her career choice, because the cost of her education would be too high for thepoor family, and they were worried about the job opportunities for acartoon artist. However, Li Hui would not change her mind. She worked hard to perfect her skills and searched persistently for ways torealise her dream. Just before she finished high school, the chancecame: a famous art school was holding a cartoon drawing competition.The first three winners would be given a scholarship to study cartoondrawing at the school. Li Hui told herself not to let the chance slipthrough her fingers. She readily participated and won the second place. She is now studying there and I feel certain that her dream willcome true. (156 words)People may have different opinions about the key factors for success.Write a short essay (of about 150 words) and share your opinions withyour classmates.EG:In my opinion, before a person becomes successful, he or she should fully understand the basic elements of success: competence, determination and optimism. For a person to succeed, he or she hasto face great competition and excel in his or her chosen career. Theperson needs to demonstrate and prove his or her competence in dealing with problems. Without competence, the person can neitherstand out among the crowd nor attract the attention of those whohold the keys to the doors of opportunity and advancement. Yet ability alone cannot guarantee success. Often enough, things do notgo the way we have planned and failure is unavoidable no matter howintelligent or capable we may be. In such cases one needs to remainfirm and optimistic, always believing that hard work will eventuallypay off. If the person gives up halfway, success will never knock atthe door. (149 words)Unit5Many stories have demonstrated to us that character is something thatgives life meaning and depth, and we can enjoy true happiness only bymaking character the guideline of our lives. Have you had any experience or read any story that conveys the message? Write an essay(of about 150 words) based on your understanding of the importanceof character.EG:A widespread belief in modern society is that with talent, personaleffort and luck alone a person can succeed, regardless of character.However, history has proven over and over again that the morally defective cannot be truly successful, even if they at times enjoy sometemporary glory. A typical example is found in the story of four brilliant Cambridge students. They were all talented and eventuallyworked their way up to very important positions in the British government, with one even ending up working in Buckingham Palace.During and after World War II, however, they betrayed their countryby giving away national secrets to the Soviet Union, which damagedthe interests of Britain in many ways. Eventually what they had donewas uncovered. Three of them fled the country and ended up in exile;and the fourth lost his knighthood in disgrace. “Intelligent”　“successful” as they once were, they are now remembered as traitorsto their country. (157 words)Based on what you have learned from both Texts A and B, write an essay (of about 150 words) about the moral condition of our society.Your essay may cover the following points:a. Some cases in which mutual trust in our society is lacking.b. Consequences of the absence of mutual trust.c. What we can do to improve the situation or to enhance mutual trust.EG:As modern society advances, we are growing more suspicious ofeach other. This is clearly reflected in our reaction to advertisements.Instead of seeing advertisements as a source of reliable information,we tend to doubt the truth they claim and always assume that theproducers are trying to trick customers into buying their products.One of the most serious consequences of such absence of mutual trust is the constant doubt and anxiety within our own minds. If wesee everyone else as a potential enemy, we can no longer make newfriends; if we regard all information passed on to us as lies, how canwe make use of such sources effectively? Mutual trust is the glue thatholds human society together. As students, we should try to fostermutual trust and help build up a moral society by our own deeds. If weare honest to others and foster mutual trust, we shall soon see thedifference. (158 words)Unit6Based on Text A and what you’ve discussed in “Voicing Your Views”,write a short essay (of about 150 words) entitled “A Creative Person”in accordance with the following outline:a. A creative person I knowb. The traits that can be found in him / herEG:A Creative Person My physics professor is a very creative person.His research project for his doctoral dissertation dealt with a verycomplicated physics problem at a time when many others thought itwas impossible to solve it. But he creatively introduced a new conceptand finally resolved the theoretical and experimental contradiction.He possesses many unique traits. He is very energetic andhard-working. He chairs the Physics Department and teaches manyhours a week. Meanwhile, he is in charge of the university’s technology research. Obviously he is a efficient worker. My professorcan be eccentric, once he shocked the whole class by saying “Good physics, everyone” instead of “Good morning, everyone”. But aboveall, my professor has a sincere interest and a strong passion in hisresearch field. No wonder he is highly respected by both hiscolleagues and his students. (140 words)Some sayings in our life sound so familiar and natural to us that wetake them for granted without a second thought. Do you realize thatwhen you take them as “absolute truths”, you are locking your mindand creativity? Write a brief comment on such a saying in about 150words.EG:Popular Sayings May Become “Mental Locks”　To cultivate acreative mind, one needs to ch ip away at one’s “mental locks”. Someof the “mental locks” are shaped by popular sayings, which sound sofamiliar to us that we tend to take them for granted. Instructive asthey may be, these common statements may restrict our freedom toWe make this remark to cautionthink. “Look before you leap!”　someone to think carefully before making a decision or taking anaction. It may seem sound advice, but it may also put him or her in apassive position. He or she may just keep “looking” round and without makin g a “leap”. Similarly, we may say to the same person, “Don’t letThen, the person may bethe chance slip through your fingers!”　motivated to act promptly, regardless of the consequences. In eithercase, the personal may fall victim to popular sayings. So, if we wantto come up with a new idea, we must break up the “mental locks” that close our minds. (166 words)unit7Write a short passage of (about 150 words) entitled "My View of a TeamPlayer". The questions listed below may serve as an outline.1) What does a team player mean?2) Why do we need team players?3) How do we make ourselves team players?EG:A team player is someone who can work well with other people in ateam. But it is not enough just to get along with others. A true team player must be more positive and constructive than just following theherd; he or she must also be able to play an active part in decision-making. Our society demands team players because by gathering all our various strengths together, we can accomplish more ina shorter time. It is because of teamwork that most businesses are ableto function properly. To become team players we must learn to compromise. When our views conflict with the general view of the teamwe must restrain our egos and listen to what others say. We should learnhow to deal with criticism in a mature way; be honest and be aware ofothers' feelings. (144 words)Unit8Write a short essay (of about 150 words) entitled "When Facing Adversity". The following outline may be of some help.a. The adversity we may encounter in lifeb. General reactions of people to adversityc. Your own view on dealing with adversityEG:Throughout our lifetime we may encounter many adversities: unable to pay for the education, obstacles in studies and even physical disabilities. Whether we are rich or poor, intelligent or slow,adversity seems the constant companion of many of us. In the face ofadversity there are typically two reactions: one is to feel frightenedand run away; the other, to face it with courage. But what happensnext makes a big difference between the brave and the cowardly.Some people turn away from adversity without even an attempt tomake things better; while others, though frightened emotionally ordisadvantaged physically, manage to shake off the initial fear and take hold of their bootstraps to pull themselves out of the bad situations they are in. We should choose the attitude of the latter because running away is not going to solve the problem. In addition,this attitude may lead one to acquire the habit of always thinkingnegatively and thus limit one's growth and development. (165 words)Resilience can help us overcome difficulties in life and make our lifeand career more successful. But what is resilience? How can one develop resilience? Write a short essay (of about 150 words) about your understanding of these questions. You may want to draw on thetwo texts in this unit and give some examples to support your ideas. EG:Resilience is a positive quality some people display when theymeet unforeseen difficulties. Resilient people are able to judge reasonably the situation they are in, to make adjustments when necessary, and to remain confident even when the bad situation lastslong. Resilience is like the human muscle, it grows with use and practice; but if ignored, it will weaken. Resilience is both inborn andlearnt. Some people who are naturally more open to others or slowerto react to hardship have an advantage when trying to develop resilience. However, anyone with enough determination and applyingthe right method can do it, too. For example, learning something newand difficult is a good way to challenge ourselves. When we are forcedto sit down and memorize hundreds and thousands of new words, ourresilience is practiced and promoted. Resilience is a characteristic weall need and can develop. (147 words)。

新世纪实用英语写作第二章徐州工程学院教案2021 年至 2021 年第 1 学期第周星期课题名称（含教材章节）： Chapter Two English Paragraph Writing 教学目的和要求： 1. Toget a general idea of what is paragraph structure; 2. To make sense of how to keep paragraph unity; 3. To master paragraph coherence. 教学重点： What is topic sentence , How to write a good concluding sentence 教学难点：Ways to obtain coherence and sentence variety教学内容（要点） Task 1 Introduction to the paragraph Activity 1 Introduce three parts of a paragraph Activity 2 Explain what is a topic sentence Task 2 English Paragraph Writing Activity 1 Give some examplesto show how to keep paragraph unity Activity 2 practice on how to obtain paragraph coherence Activity 3 Learn by example to know what is sentencevariety徐州工程学院教案纸1Chapter Two English Paragraph Writing Objectives: To get a general idea of importance of paragraph writing To know basic paragraph structure patternsTo master paragraph unity and coherence Materials: textbook, additionalteaching materials Task 1 Introduction to the paragraph Paragraphs are madeup of sentences, single, correct, and effective sentences put together do not necessarily make an effective paragraph. Activity 1 Introduce three parts ofa paragraph One English paragraph usually includes the following three parts:(1) Topic Sentence (2) Supporting / Developing Sentence (3) Concluding Sentence Paragraph Structure Model ? Topic Sentence ? Supporting Sentence1 ? Supporting Sentence2 ? Supporting Sentence3 ? Supporting Sentence4 ? Concluding Sentence Activity 2 Explain what is a good topic sentenceThree essential points: 1. 主题句必须是一个完整的句子 2. 由主题词和主题思想的表述两部分构成 3. 只是一种概括性的陈述而不提供具体的细节 e.g. Gold, aprecious metal, is prized for two important characteristics. Task 2 English Paragraph Writing Activity 1 Give some examples to show how to keepparagraph unity 段落的一致性是指文章基于一个统一的主题，段落内容应保持一致，每个段落只能阐述一个中心思想，每一个句子都应与主题句密切相关。

Unit 2 Vacation!ListeningAudio Track 1-2-1 / Audio Track 1-2-2Conversation 1Man: Mary, are you ready to go?Woman: Go … go where?Man: To the beach. It’s too hot to be inside today.Woman: Too late. A bad thunderstorm is here. Look out the window. It’s raining.Man: Oh, you’re right. Now what do we do?Conversation 2Woman: Hey, Charlie. Are you okay?Man: No, not really. This weather makes me feel down.Woman: Oh, I know. January is a terrible month sometimes. I have an idea. Let’s go for a walk. Man: In the snow? No, thanks.Woman: But it’s not snowing now. It’s freezing, but at least it’s clear and sunny.Man: Oh, OK. Let me get my jacket.Conversation 3Man: Mom, can I use the car?Woman: The car?Man: Yeah, I’m going to the movies.Woman: Why don’t you walk to the theater? It’s close, and it’s a lovely autumn evening. Man: It’s too cold and windy to walk, Mom.Woman: Sorry, dear. Your dad has the car.Man: Oh. Well, maybe I’ll watch a movie on TV instead.Audio Track 1-2-3 / Audio Track 1-2-4Conversation 1Man: Next, please!Woman: Hi, here’s my ticket.Man: And where are you going today, Ms. Gregory?Woman: Berlin.Man: May I see your passport, please?Woman: Sure, here you go.Man: And how many suitcases do you have?Woman: Just one.Conversation 2Man: Too bad it’s our last day in New York. There’s a lot to see.Woman: I know. But at least we’re here at the Statue of Liberty. Isn’t it beautiful?Man: Yeah, it is. Hey, we need a photo. Excuse me?Man 2: Yes?Man: Can you take our picture, please?Man 2: Sure.Conversation 3Woman: Welcome to the Ritz Carlton, Shanghai.Man: Thank you. My name is Ian Walters. I have a room for myself and my wife.Woman: Okay. Can I see a credit card and ID, please?Man: Of c ourse. Here’s my card and my passport.Woman: Thank you. Here are your keys, Mr. Walters. Enjoy your stay.Audio Track 1-2-5 / Audio Track 1-2-6Travel tips for ThailandThailand is a nice country in Southeast Asia, with something for every visitor. There is a lot for you to discover there. But before you go, you should make a plan to help you be better prepared. Here are some tips. Firstly, the weather in Thailand is hot and humid all year, so you should pack sunglasses, T-shirts, and sandals with you. Secondly, you should buy your plane ticket early. Thailand is a very popular place for a vacation, and the planes are very full. Thirdly, the traffic in this country is very bad and people drive really fast, so you should rent a car. Another tip is that you should drink a lot of water and juice to stay cool. Finally, and this is a very important tip, you shouldn’t take photos outside in the afternoon. It’s too sunny and bright! Remember these tips and you’ll have a great time there. Have fun in Thailand!Audio Track 1-2-7Watch the weather!Most people plan their vacations very carefully. They think a lot about plane tickets, passports, and hotel reservations. But they often forget about one important thing — the weather. You should learn about the right time to visit your vacation spot. Here is some information to help you plan your next vacation.Italy—The weather is sunny all year, but it’s sometimes cold in winter. April and May are warm and beautiful. From June to September, it’s very hot.Australia—Summer here is from December to April. It sometimes rains, but the weather is usually very good. In winter, it snows a little in some places, but most of Australia isn’t very cold.Audio Track 1-2-8Hong Kong, China—The weather is hot and very humid here a lot of the year. In July and August, it’s sometimes very windy, and there are bad storms, October and November are warm and not so humid, but in December and January, it gets very chilly sometimes. Germany—From November to April, the weather is c old, cloudy, and snowy. In spring, it’s warm, but there’s a lot of rain. July and August are usually warm and sunny.India—You shouldn’t travel to India from June to September. There is a lot of rain everywhere. From November to April, after the rainy season, the weather is nice and cool. In April and May, it often gets very hot.Audio Track 1-2-9 / Audio Track 1-2-10Lost and foundIn Tokyo, it’s an envelope with $850,000 in cash. At Florida’s Disney World, it’s a glass eye. At a hotel in England, it’s a goat and a false leg. How are all of these things similar? They are unusual things that people leave in hotel rooms, in airports, and on city streets.Irish Martino works in the Lost and Found Center at an airport in a US city. “Sure, we find the usual stuff —cell phones, keys, sunglasses, and wallets,” she says. “But people also forget some weird things at the airport, too.” What does Ms. Martino find? A woman’s false teeth in the bathroom. A mannequin in an airport waiting area. “How do you forget those things?” Martino wonders.Nobuo Hasuda works for the Lost and Found Center in downtown Tokyo. The Center has almost 800,000 items. Three hundred thousand of them are umbrellas! There are also many other things — jewelry and briefcases, snow-shoes and musical instruments.Mr. Hasuda keeps the lost items for six months and two weeks. After this time, the finder can take the item. This is good luck for some people. Remember the envelope in Tokyo with $850,000? The owner did not claim it. Now the money belongs to the finder!Audio Track 1-2-11We should drive. It’s raining.We shouldn’t drive. It’s sunny.Audio Track 1-2-121. You should talk to the teacher before class.2. We shouldn’t visit Venice in the summer.3. You shouldn’t wear a tie with that shirt.4. We should look for a hotel on the Internet.Speaking & CommunicationAudio Track 1-2-13Juliet: Are you packing for your trip, Kyle?Kyle: Yes … See? I have T-shirts, shorts, and my sandals.Juliet: For San Francisco?Kyle: Yeah. What’s wrong? It’s July.Juliet: I know, but it’s often foggy and cold there in the summer.Kyle: Really?Juliet: Yeah. You should take some sweaters and long pants, too.Kyle: Oh, okay. There are some in my closet.Video CourseVideo Track 1-2-1Jennifer: In my hometown it’s usually hot and sunny, but sometimes it rains.Dan: I grew up in central Texas where the weather is very hot. There are a lot of rainstorms, and in the wintertime it gets into the 40s and 50s.Dayanne: In Brazil we basically have two seasons —summer and winter. In the summer it’s very, very hot. But in the winter it’s not so cold. But we do have some rain sometimes. Alyssa: Where I live the weather changes throughout the year. There are four seasons: summer, fall, winter, and sprin g. I don’t like the winter very much because I don’t like to be cold. Daniel: In Jamaica it’s pretty warm year round. There’s a rainy month —September. My favorite season is winter because I like winter sports, which is strange because I’m fromJamaica.Video Track 1-2-2Dayanne: When visiting Brazil you should bring your bathing suit and your sun lotion and definitely visit the beaches in Brazil because they are beautiful.Dan: If you come to Texas you should visit San Antonio where the Alamo is located because it’s a historical site.Jennifer: When you visit Florida you should bring a swimming suit, sun block, and a beach towel. You should also bring lots of shorts and T-shirts. And you should visit theEverglades where you can see alligators.Alejandra: In Argentina, you should visit Iguazu Falls and the glaciers in the south of thecountry. You should also watch a tango performance and in a restaurant you shouldorder Argentine beef. It is delicious!Video Track 1-2-3Dayanne: When visiting Brazil you should bring your bathing suit and your sun lotion and definitely visit the beaches in Brazil because they are beautiful.Dan: If you come to Texas you should visit San Antonio where the Alamo is located because it’s a historical site.Video Track 1-2-4Mike: Roberto, why are you bringing a sweater to Mexico City? It’s summer there, so it’s really hot, right?Roberto: It’s usually hot in the day but sometimes at night it gets chilly.Mike: Oh. Well, what about the business suit? Isn’t it a va cation?Roberto: Yes and no. I have a big meeting on Tuesday, so I’m bringing the suit. But after Tuesday, it’s vacation time!Mike: Who are all the gifts for?Roberto: Oh, my family lives in Mexico City so I’m bringing them some souvenirs from New York.Mike: And, who’s the book for?Roberto: It’s for Maria, my niece. She’s ten years old.Mike: Ten? You should get her something more fun — like a video game!Roberto: Maria is young, but she loves books. She’s really smart.Mike: Huh. What about this? Is this hers too?Roberto: Oh that? That belongs to my Dad. It’s a souvenir from his New York visit, but he forgot it. Do you think I should get him another present?Mike: Well, that already belongs to him. Hey, you should get him a New York T-shirt or maybea Yankees cap?Roberto: Good idea. I can get that at the airport. That’s it.Mike: Do you have your plane ticket and passport?Roberto: Yes. And I have my hotel information, my car rental information … my camera’s in my briefcase …Mike: (holding stuffed toy) Hey, whose is this? Another souvenir?Roberto: Umm … no … it’s mine.Mike: It’s yours?Roberto: It was a good-luck present from Claudia. I always travel with it.Mike: Ah … don’t be embarrassed. He’s very cute. (laughing) And I’m s ure he makes a great travel partner!Video Track 1-2-5Mike: Roberto, why are you bringing a sweater to Mexico City? It’s summer there, so it’s really hot, right?Roberto: It’s usually hot in the day but sometimes at night it gets chilly.Mike: Oh. We ll, what about the business suit? Isn’t it a vacation?Roberto: Yes and no. I have a big meeting on Tuesday, so I’m bringing the suit. But after Tuesday, it’s vacation time!Video Track 1-2-6Mike: And, who’s the book for?Roberto: It’s for Maria, my niece. She’s ten years old.Mike: Ten? You should get her something more fun — like a video game!Roberto: Maria is young, but she loves books. She’s really smart.Video Track 1-2-7Mike: Huh. What about this? Is this hers too?Roberto: Oh that? That belongs to my Dad. It’s a souvenir from his New York visit, but he forgot it. Do you think I should get him another present?Mike: Well, that already belongs to him. Hey, you should get him a New York T-shirt or maybea Yankees cap?Roberto: Good idea. I can get that at the airport. That’s it.。

Unit2The New Economics Of OilCrude-oil prices have been careening like steel balls in a pinball machine this autumn in response to news and r umors from the middle east.In the first few days of Octobe r,the treat of armed conflict between Iran and Irap sent c rud prices soaring from $20 a barrel to almost $23,before singking back down again.Even as the world is reminded of the vulnerability of its oil supply, consumption is soaring. Americans have fal len in love with gas guzzlers such as the Ford Expedition. In newly p-rosperous deyeloping couties, ordinary people can afford cars for the first time.A recent survey in the China Youth Daily found that 75%of Beijing families planne d to buy a car in the next five years.Yikes. Are we in for another oil crisis? You might thi nk so. Fort Worth investor Richard.E.rainwater has 30%of h is $1.5billion net worth sunk in oil and gas investments b ecause he expects to rise 50% to 75%in the next 5 to 10yea rs. With free markets fueling economic growth, says rainwa ter,”we should see a tremendous amount of pressure on pr ices.”Perhaps,but there is another,quite different scenario---namely,that oil prices, adjusted for inflation, won’t r ise at all over the long term. They may even fall. why? Be cause producers in the Mideast and elsewhere need the cash from oil too much to let their supply be interrupted for long, Despite political and military skirmishing. Second, and more inportant,because demand groeth can’t push pric es upward as long as it is balanced by supply growth. And the supply curve for oil---the amount offered at any given price---is being pushed steadily outward, thanks to techn ology.PETRO-TREASUREThenological advances are slashing the costs of findin g, producing, and reefing oil,creating a new economic calc ulus for the oil industry.The new alchemy runs from three-dimensional seismology to exotic. Wells that sit on the oc ean floor, in some cases eliminating the need for billion-dollar offshore production platforms/Says shell oil chief Executive Philip J.Carroll:”Thecnology always frives down cost.I don’t think its effect in this industry will be a ny different.”Never mind the latest discord in the Mideast.Short of destroying another country’s oil wells, as Iraq did to Ku wait in 1991,no nation can curtail the world supply of oil and force up its price for very long.Members of the Organ ization od Petroleum Exporting Countries still sit on the world’s biggest and best oil reservoirs.But they can’t r aise prices---because if they do,non-OPEC sources will gra b market share by developing fields where thecnology has m ade production affordable.Rainwater’s hight price theory notwithstanding, the e nd of the cold war and the spread of global capitalism are n’t just adding to the demand for oil---they are adding t o its supply as well.That’s because more and more countri es, from Venazuala to Kazakhatan,are welcoming the investm ent that’s needed to exploit their petro-treasures.The progress already achieved through thechnology is mind-boggling. The average cost per barrel of finding prod ucing oil has droped about 60% higher than in 1985.And the se official figures far understate the amount of accessibl e oil in the ground. Smith Rea Energy Associates Ltd.,a Lo ndon –based researcher, figures that the world’s oil prod ucers could add 350 billion barrels to their proven reserv es if they counted all yhe oil that has become affordable to recover because of the latest breakthroughs. The sum is equal to nearly 14 years’ worth of world consumption.Experts have been underestimating oil reserves since 1 874, when Pennsylvania’s state geolodists direly warned that “ the u.s. has enough petroleum to keep its kerosene lamps burning for only 4years.”Later eaperts put the date pf exhaustion in the 1920s,then the 1940s.In 1972,the clu b of rome said the world had only 20 to 31 years of known oil reserves. Yet todad,measured reserves are higher than ever.Indeed,the very notion of what oil are is changing. R ather than being a fixed number of barrels, the reserve is seen as something that grows and grows as technology find s new sources og oil and extracts more from existing field s. Take the giant Forties field in the British sector of t he North Sea. In 1970, British Petroleum CO. rated it at 1.8 billion barrels of proven reserves.Y et by 1995,it had p roduced 3.6 billion barrels,and BP said 2.8 billion barrel s in proven reserves remained.The impact of such progress on crude oil price has bee n dramatic.In 1980,Stanford University brought together 1 0 of the top oil forecaster to run their computer models. The average forecast for this year, among the six made pre ditions for 1997,was$98 a barrel. Even as recently as 1991, experts were predicting the price per barrel in 1997 wou ld be about $45.Instead,the inflation-adjusted price of oil has fallen by two-thirds from its 1980-1981 peak. Oil is cheaper tha n bottled water.”Oil-price firecasters make sheep same li ke independent thinkers.”gibes Massachusetts Institude of Technology energy researcher Micheal C.Lynch. “ There’s no evidence that mineral prices rise over time. Technolog y always overwhelms depletion.”BARRELING DOWNOpinion is slowly shifting away from the doomsayers. Consider the new outlook of the Center for Global Energy S tudies(CGES) in london, a research group set up by former Saudi Oil Minister Ahmed Zaki Yamari. Says CGES senior eco nomist Julian lee.” We just don’t see any likelihood foroil price for other than political reasons.”MCKINSEY&CO. has warned oil clients that “a downside price scenario” is increasingly likely.Cheap oil greases the gears of the world economy.In t he U.S.,it’s supporting today’s fast growth and low i nflation.If crude oil fell by $5 a barrel and stayed there for the next five years,the annual consumer inflation ra te would fall by an average of 0.3 percentage points and e conomics output would rise an extra 0.2% annually on avera ge, estimates Standard&Pool’s DRI, a unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies. After a decade, the cumulative gain in gro ss domestic product from the price grop would be nearly $4 00 billion.Oil industry profits still rise and fall with changesin the price of crude, but technology lets the companies m aintain healthy earnings at steadily lower oil prices. Tod ay ,most majors have cut their costs so much that their ne west projects can make money even with oil as low as $15 a barrel. Norway’sNorsk Hydro uses $12 as a becnmark.That’s not to say all companies will fare equally we ll. Those that master technology and efficiency, such as S HELL,EXXON,and british Petroleum, are leaping ahead of tho se that don’t.What’s more,many independent oil companies have moved to the cutting edge.。

1)I have devoted 30 years of research to how creative people live and work.If I had to express in one word what makes their personalities different from others, it's complexity. They contain contradictory extremes;instead of being an "individual", each of them is a "multitude".2) Here are some traits that are often found in creative people. These traits are integrated with each other in a dialectical manner.3)Creative people have a great deal of physical energy, but they are also often quiet and at rest. They can work long hours with great concentration while remaining fresh and enthusiastic all the time. This does not mean that creative people are always active. In fact, they rest often and sleep a lot. The important thing is that they know how to control their energy, which is not ruled by the calendar, the clock or an externalschedule. When necessary, they can focus it like a laser beam; when not, creative types immediately recharge their batteries. This is not a biorhythm inherited with their genes; it was learned by trial and error as a strategy for achieving their goals.4)Creative people tend to be smart yet naive at the same time. Another way of expressing this dialectic is the contrasting poles of wisdom andchildishness. As Howard Gardner reveals in his study of the major creative geniuses of the 20th century, a certain immaturity, both emotional and mental, can go hand in hand with deepest insights.。

新世纪大学应用英语综合教程2 Unit 1 Famous People•Text AAdditional exercisesTask 1：1、D2、C3、A4、DTask 2：1-5: BADCD6-10: ABCAC11-15: DCACD16-20:ACBCC•Text BAdditional exercisesTask 1：1、D2、C3、D4、BTask 2：1-5: ACCBC6-10: CDDCD11-15: CABBA•Integrated ExercisesDictation1、the turn of the last century arrived,2、world’s media was asking one question:3、was the single most important person of the last thousand years?4、the end of 1999, one name had emerged with regularity: William Shakespeare.5、is this long-dead dramatist held in such high regard?6、of the answer can be found in some very impressive facts about him.7、is the most widely-read author in history.8、works have been translated into more than 100 languages.9、plays are also the most filmed in history,10、have been turned into more than 300 movies11、the first was made in 1899.Vocabulary study > Task 11:a、outerb、externalc、externald、outer2:a、expeditionb、voyagec、expeditiond、voyage3:a、monitorb、watchedc、monitord、watch4:a、delightb、pleasurec、delightd、pleasureVocabulary study > Task 21、identification2、neurology3、dramatic4、courtesy5、unfairly6、immensity7、stimulating Vocabulary study > Task 3 1）up2）over3）about4）by5）of6）from7）downVocabulary study > Task 4 1-5: OMABC6-10: KDELN11-15: GJIFHGrammar focus1、never2、wasas3、pointed4、Whenhad had6、saying7、for8、was9、or10、seemed11、coming12、But13、ThatUnit 2 Interpersonal Relationships •Text AAdditional exercisesTask 1：1、A2、B3、D4、ATask 2：1-5: ABCDA6-10: CBBCA11-15: DADCA16-20:DBDAC•Text BAdditional exercisesTask 1：1、A2、B3、B4、B1-5: CADBA6-10: CDADB11-15: CBBBA•Integrated ExercisesDictation1、working relationships lay at the heart of any successful life.2、social interactions rely on communication.3、is through communication that we develop trust and understanding between individuals.4、of relationships therefore rely on developing a sense of mutual trust between two individuals.5、best way to do this is to create a rapport.6、you expect others to listen to you7、is important that they feel comfortable and relaxed in your presence.8、is important to distinguish between mutual respect and liking someone.9、is not always necessary to like the person you are talking to10、order to develop a good line of communication.11、business it is more important to be mutually respectful with one another12、than trying to be one another’s best friend.Vocabulary study > Task 11、definition2、powerful3、interpersonal4、enhancement5、guiltless6、recognition7、unfulfilled8、unhappiness9、confident10、understanding Vocabulary study > Task 2 1-5: EGICH6-10: ABDFBVocabulary study > Task 3 1-5: BACDA6-10: ACABCVocabulary study > Task 4 1-5: NJFPL6-10: OICMK11-15: GAQDEGrammar focus1、attended2、ranginghas been3、highly4、bytongue5、Howeverbutoffering6、emphasizingputdominated7、wereweaknessescan be/may beUnit 3 Work•Text AAdditional exercisesTask 1：1、C2、B3、D4、ATask 2：1-5: ADCBA6-10: BCDAB11-15: ACBDA16-20:BDCAB•Text BAdditional exercisesTask 1：1、C2、D3、D4、CTask 2：1-5: BABDA6-10: ACACC11-15: BBCBC•Integrated ExercisesDictation1、only about 1, 600 remaining in the wild,2、giant panda has become one of the world’s most endangered animals.3、numbers have died from a lack of food,4、the number of new births is very low.5、ever-increasing loss of land contributes to both problems.6、the past 20 years, over 50 percent of the pandas’ habitat has been destroyed.7、is their major food.8、bamboo forests have been cleared for farms and homes.9、development has pushed the animals higher and higher up the mountains.10、each move, the distance between pandas increases.11、become isolated from one another.12、addition, they become far-removed from their food sources.13、hope the construction of “corridors” will solve the problem.14、forest paths will link the pandas to one another for breeding purposes.15、will also bring pandas to new sources of bamboo.Vocabulary study > Task 11、lauded2、jolt3、recounted4、intoned5、highlight6、squandered7、resolved8、exclaimed9、a precarious10、upbeatVocabulary study > Task 21、publications2、synthetic3、presenter4、deforestation6、admittedly7、puppet8、merciless9、multiplies10、idiotVocabulary study > Task 3 A：1）Humility2）humiliationB：1）tell2）related3）recounted4）briefedC：1）group2）gang3）crowd4）crewVocabulary study > Task 4 1-5: CEIFH6-10: OBJLA11-15: MGNKDGrammar focus1、homework2、asis concerned3、is a5、expectedwrites6、Asfulfilling/in fulfilling7、It8、with9、borne10、Respect toencouragedUnit 4 Environment•Text AAdditional exercisesTask 1：1、D2、B3、C4、DTask 2：1-5: ABCDB6-10: CACAB11-15: CDBAB16-20:BCBBC•Text BAdditional exercisesTask 1：1、C2、B3、D4、CTask 2：1-5: CDDBB6-10: ABBCA11-15: BDCBA•Integrated ExercisesDictation1、seeks to eliminate environmental waste2、reproducing items from waste products and bringing them back into use.3、brings down the level of waste that is put into landfills.4、hold waste matter,5、what they cannot prevent is the leaking of toxic chemicals into water bodies.6、is a huge industry with different recycling programs available for different products./is a huge industry with different recycling programmes available for different products.7、are lots of benefits coming from this process8、as cost-reduction, energy efficiency and conservation.9、also provides employment to a lot of people10、when done on a large scale,11、can bring significant benefits to the economy.12、cuts down in electricity usage, garbage collection and also the cost of land filling.Vocabulary study > Task 11、densely2、desirable3、unbearably4、countless5、unparalleled6、appreciation7、distractions8、disruption9、affluence10、initiation Vocabulary study > Task 2 1-5: JBHAG6-10: FIECDVocabulary study > Task 3 1-5: CACBD6-10: CABDBVocabulary study > Task 4 1-5: HKFIL6-10: BCGAJ11-12: DEGrammar focus1、for2、payso3、a doctor4、studyingso5、another/one other6、day7、being8、alsomeansknowing9、Best10、had11、manyUnit 5 Innovation•Text AAdditional exercisesTask 1：1、A2、C3、D4、CTask 2：1-5: CBCBD6-10: BDCBA11-15: BABAB16-20:CCAAC•Text BAdditional exercisesTask 1：1、D2、A3、C4、DTask 2：1-5: BACDA6-10: BCBDC11-15: ADBCB•Integrated ExercisesDictation1、intelligence comes from sets of instructions that people write.2、instructions are called programs.3、use programs to analyze, or study,4、amounts of information quickly.5、they pick answers or actions from among many choices.6、programs can be used for playing games, making medical decisions,7、But8、analyzing information is not the same as understanding a problem as humans do.9、can only use logic, or the relationships among facts, to figure out problems.10、use many skills besides logic when making decisions.11、use such things as imagination, awareness, emotion, and values.12、one knows yet whether these abilities can be programmed into a computer.Vocabulary study > Task 11、breeds2、Forward-thinking3、undertaking4、cranked out5、ducked6、slothfulness7、grueling8、boss around9、epitomize10、obsoleteVocabulary study > Task 21、innovative2、promising3、fortune4、communication/communicative5、unspoiled6、consumption7、justification8、revolutionized9、uninvited10、promotion/promotional Vocabulary study > Task 31）for2）off3）over4）with5）to6）up7）out8）behind9）around10）throughVocabulary study > Task 41-5: DFIKL6-10: MGJEC11-15: NOAHBGrammar focus1、in the morningoutside2、and looked3、shadow4、holding5、quietly6、until/tillsight7、but8、had entered9、are10、the11、to besomething 12、ThenUnit 6 Culture •Text AAdditional exercises Task 1：1、C2、B3、D4、DTask 2：1-5: DBACD6-10: DACBC11-15: BDABB16-20:DBADA•Text BAdditional exercises Task 1：1、D2、B3、C4、CTask 2：1-5: ABBAC6-10: CBAAC11-15: ABBCD•Integrated ExercisesDictation1、works differently, and needs different workspace.2、some, their work-space is chaotic, noisy and full of colour, movement,3、magazines and white boards to stimulate thinking and brainstorming.4、the other half people like order and neatness.5、value quiet space for reflection and thought.6、between staff cannot be neglected, either.7、carries a personal bubble around them of personal space.8、someone comes within that personal bubble then people start to feel uncomfortable.9、you cram employees too tightly together, or sit people near areas of high traffic10、that their personal bubbles are constantly encroached,11、can generally expect productivity to fall.Vocabulary study > Task 11、insightful2、offensive3、reflections4、weight5、tolerable6、hindrance7、regulations8、threatening9、inviting10、inconvenient Vocabulary study > Task 2 1-5: BEHAB6-10: DCIFJVocabulary study > Task 3 1-5: BADDA6-10: BADDCVocabulary study > Task 4 1-5: FIEAJ6-10: BGDHCGrammar focus1、admiring2、excitement3、likeand4、stopsboring5、try6、were7、enemy8、much9、did10、frightenlaughUnit 7 Vacationing•Text AAdditional exercisesTask 1：1、D2、C3、B4、CTask 2：1-5: ACDBA6-10: DCCBA11-15: BABCB16-20:CBCBC•Text BAdditional exercisesTask 1：1、A2、C3、B4、DTask 2：1-5: ACDBA6-10: CABCC11-15: CCCAC•Integrated ExercisesDictation1、is one of the fastest growing segments of the tourism industry.2、with the basic nature of people who possess altruist tendencies,3、is not surprising that wildlife, animal rescue and conservation projects are also becoming increasingly popular.4、voluntary spirits would not be moved5、looking into the eyes of a young chimpanzee6、could not become excited by the idea of helping dolphins in the wild.7、with animals can take you to places you never imagined.8、still, you go to these places with a purpose.9、in the lives of animals gives you a reason to immerse into a culture alongside like-minded people10、to head deep into the wildest parts of a country.Vocabulary study > Task 11、motivations2、luxury3、inexhaustible4、allotment5、contradictions6、mimicry7、resolve8、dedication9、decoration10、transformationVocabulary study > Task 21-5: ADGAC6-10: IBJFHVocabulary study > Task 31-5: ABCAB6-10: CDABBVocabulary study > Task 41-5: JEFHG6-10: CIADBGrammar focus1、such2、little3、is4、still5、and emotional6、itmany other7、are8、has lostmarket9、the biggest10、took11、while12、toeconomicUnit 8 Water Conservation •Text AAdditional exercisesTask 1：1、A2、D3、C4、CTask 2：1-5: BCACB6-10: ABDCD11-15: ABBDB16-20:ADBBC•Text BAdditional exercisesTask 1：1、B2、A3、A4、BTask 2：1-5: BADCB6-10: ACBDA11-15: ACDCB•Integrated ExercisesDictation1、the abuses of the past,2、of which continue into the present,3、showed the need for a more sensible use of natural resources.4、logging company that cuts down too many trees5、replanting for the future6、without regard for the welfare of all native wildlife that are affected;7、industrial plant that fouls a river or pollutes the air with its wastes;8、agriculturists who use pesticides and herbicides without concern for their environmental impacts,9、not only their own natural communities but also those downstream10、are abusing natural resources.Vocabulary study > Task 11、bout2、arresting3、inhabitants4、ignore5、divert6、eclipsed7、decades8、unchecked9、replenishingVocabulary study > Task 21、enchanting2、collection3、shortage4、autonomy5、respondents6、migrant7、restoration8、Excessive9、conquest10、underfinanced Vocabulary study > Task 3 1-5: DABBC6-10: CABADVocabulary study > Task 4 1-5: GIHKJ6-10: BFNCE11-15: ODLMAGrammar focus1、out offor2、marchedthat/which3、sittingare accused4、forseeingmention6、ornor7、ansince it/as it/because it。