新世纪实用英语写作第三章

Unit 3 Book 3HappinessI. Difficult Sentences1. When most people exist near thebreadline, material progressdoes indeed make them happier.(1) What does “exist near the breadline” mean in this passage?(=“E xist near the breadline” means“just have enou gh money to feedthemselves.”)(2) Paraphrase the sentence.(=When a multitude of people in a society only have money enough to feed themselves, they would feel much happier if they can earn more money.)2. But when material discomfort has been banished, extra income becomesmuch less important than ourrelationships with each other: withfamily, with friends and in thecommunity.(1) What does “material disc omfort has been banished” mean?(=This part means that people have enough money to meet everyday ne eds, they don‟t worry about their daily life anymore.)(2) Translate the sentence.(=然而，物质上的匮乏一旦消除，收入的增加便不如亲情、友情、邻里和睦等人际关系那么重要。

1. They bound his hands and legs with a rope so he couldn’t escape.2. His bright clothes were hardly appropriate for such a solemn occasion.3. He’s been charged with possessing guns and attempting to attack the police.4. Is this your p ermanent address, or are you only staying there for a short time?5. Ten minutes before the appointed time, he sat nervously outside her office.6. We parted three years ago and haven’t met each other ever since. How I miss her!7. Janet and Bob had corresponded with each other for many years before8. Tina gazed steadily at the famous singer, unable to believe she was so close to him.9. The notion that women should serve as homemakers has already gone out of fashion.10. My grandfather still has keen e yesight — he is able to read road signs in the distance.11. They try to preserve their interesting old customs against the impacts of the modern world.12. The old man grasped my hand warmly and shook it, saying, “Congratulations. You’ve won.”13. When I saw what a poor driver he was, I figured he was probably not the best instructor14. The lawyer’s arguments are well grounded because he has collected enough proof15. It is very sensible of you to bring your umbrella to Kunming at this time of the year it16. Her greatest attribute is her kindness which has earned her lots of friends in the17. The two countries are united by common interests; so I think their relationship is likely to18. My cousin is leaving the company to pursue his own fortune even though he has a light19. The President failed in his attempts to win the … he hadn’t fulfilled his commitments made20. Even though there are strict rules r egulatingthe use of chemicals in food, some food producers1. I don’t like my straight hair so I’m going to have it curled2. This price is her minimum she refuses to lower it any further.3. I often clip recipes out of newspapers and magazines but never use them when I cook.4. She yielded _ to temptation and had another chocolate even though she was going on a diet.5. Given the fact that she loves children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her.6. I handed in my application for the job last week and I am now eagerly awaiting their reply.7. Philip was fascinated to see how the old woman wove (编织) cloth with such simple tools.8. Among all his relatives, he has an especially deep affection for his aunt who cares for him9. Teaching is not a one-way activity; teachers and students should interact_ with each other in10. After his wife died, he remarried with much haste , which caused a lot of gossip (闲话)11. The race will be held soon. You must harden your heart and do not encourage your daughter to12. Without your love and support, he would have been weighed down (颓丧) with grief after his13. I have never seen a house like that — its untidiness defies d escription; I think she ought14. These pictures may not look nice at first glance, but on closer examination you’ll find they’re not15. These days more and more pregnant (怀孕的) women want the presence of their husbands at16. I strongly advise you not to take this medicine because… while but the effec t isn’t lasting .17. We can communicate with others via such means as the telephone and e-mail; but the most18. It is quite possible for a student to master English grammar and acquire a large vocabulary19. She watched him manipulate all the handles and gears [（汽车上的）排挡] in his20. Lack of money and lack of machinery are the two major restraintson the growth of this1. Why don’t you voice your opinions? how canyou be so indifferent to such important public2. A judge must be free from prejudicehis opinions must be fair and reasonable.3. The police are appealing to the public for detailed information about the murderer.4. They have rendered us a great service without which we couldn’t have finished our task.5. I won’t take his threats seriously — he often says he will punish me, but he never does.6. These proposals are impractical in every respect; I cannot recommend them to my staff.7. It is the hospital’s policy to isolate any patient who is suffering from an infectious disease.8. I was so thirsty that I bought a bottle of lemonade and sucked it up through a straw9. If one child gets sick with chicken-pox (水痘), t.... to the danger of being infected10. His total ignorance of the subject is truly surprising. How come he knows nothing about it?11. Switzerland is surrounded by four largeneighbours, namely France, Germany,12. It’s possible tha t they will win, but judging bytheiances it doesn’t seem very probable.13. He wanted to stay at home, but at last he agreed, very reluctantly, to go to the cinema14. Amid stormy applause , she concluded her speech and returned to her seat, leaving many of15. The little girl wept with disappointment when she learned that her favourite Barbie Dolls were16. The Department of Public Health has issuedstrict instr…e epidemic area (疫区) without17. Without an umbrella I had to shelter_from the rain under a big tree.18. He contracted _ such bad habits as smoking and drinking when he was fifteen, and now it is19. I realized I’d been cheated when I saw the painting on sale for half the price I paid for it.20. Corruption in government is not toleratedin any country that wants to achieve rapid1.I ofen associate summer with holidays2Having anticipated the problems,I was well equipped to deal with3.Prejudice combined with ignorance4.I thik we should put as much emphasis on preventing5.Isee teaching as an opportunity to enlighten students6.The new heating system is in the trial phase of its operation;7.Each students writing will be graded by three examiners8.Asked about the data,the Prime Mnister commented that no decision9.He had a suspicion,but on close inspection he realized10.He never acts on his own judgment,but merely waits passively for others to11.Many old people prefer to live in the contry because rural life is usually more peaceful12.The governments says it will not negotiate with the terrorists13.This guidebook is indispensable for traverls14.He finally realized that…months was just an illsion15.The committees suggestion…can be implemented remain a problem 16.Its not unusal to hear people…are in decline rather than17.Workers usually demand high wages…to reconcile these two aims18.Theoretically…but p ractically s peaking19.The local r esidents were annoyed with the lack of20.The internet has created..between the virtual world1.Do you have any proof2.Could you slice a piece of cake for me3.A new furnace暖气 increased efficiency and more heat output4.Her capacity to remember figures is remarkable5.The company has increased its share …and abroad6.In many cultures,the shape of the human skull is a symbol that presents7.Our party will be held next…ou t invitations8.the tennis clud rules dicate that suitable tennis9.Having said how much she liked the vase,she then proceeded to criticize me10,im afraid id have to throw my tshrit because ther are splashes of paint on it11.To make the meat tender enough for my grandfather12.I couldt resist cufarettes even though my docter had repearetly warned13The food we had last night had no flavor at all14.I dislike that shop…with an easy familiarity he treated me as if..15.Some diseases are transmitted from parents to children16.My uncle has spent a tremendous anount of money on that house17.She worried a lot about her husbands health…was no cure for his disease18.The stepping-stones look really slippery19.The entire village went to the church for Jims funeral20.随遇而安的，they are transplanted to mother place1.A truck went by too fast and narrowly missed2.The law of supply and demand goveners the prices of goods3.Its an Ausrralian com[any whose logo features ared kangaroo4.Its a natural tendency that one learns to crawl before he learns to talk5.He heard footsteps behind him,spun around to see who is was6Mother flashed a smile at her child when7.A woman who claimed to have witnessed the bank robbery would give8.Now悲剧that…theres no point in shedding tears over it9.A truck crashe into a bus,kill five passengers and critically injuring ten others10,If you computer goes wrong feaquently,I suggest you go and see a computer consultant11.In the race he will compete against wordckass runners12.Our original plan was to go camping,but we13.At the last minute of the game Spain scored a ,,and conquered their rivals对手14.when the parking lot has spaces available,the barrier at the entrance will be removed15.After being questioned for severa hoursthe suspct finally confessed that he had stolen and yo16.Unfortunately he tripped a fell over17With his left foot injurd,the basketball player had tolimp off the field18.Our team defeated all others and became the champion at the竞标赛19.She`s young and dynamic,full of energy and new ideas20.The official version of the event is that the police were arracked first。

PART II FOCUSThe teacher is expected to help students appreciate the effects of using participles and absolutes in their writingsParticiplesGetting to know participlesReference for the excisesReference for the Classroom Activities1. Sentence b: handing (describing she)Sentence c: wandering, picking (both describing friends) ;Sentence d: made (used with had to indicate the past perfect tense)Sentence e: surprised (describing Tigger) ;Sentence f. filled (used with were to indicate the passive voice)Sentence g. staring (describing Tigger)Sentence h: left (describing nothing) ; checking (describing Roo)Sentence i: looking (describing Pooh)Sentence j. looking (describing Roo);Sentence k. gone (used with have to indicate the present perfect tense)Sentence l: picking (describing friends), fallen (describing raspberries)Sentence m. waiting (used with was to indicate the present continuous tense)2. a. smiling b. Readingc. Swimmingd. competinge. mentionedf. Jumping, thrown, brokeng. published, informing h. Having, exhausted, relievedComplex participle phrasesA. Present participles in different modes and aspects*In this passive form, being is usually omitted, and then it becomes the past participle. Reference for the Classroom Activities1. Refer to the above table for the meanings of the present participles.2. a. The computer bought last week brings happiness to everyone in my family.b. Being back in my hometown, I didn't know that my professor had assigned another 5,000-word paper.c. Standing in front of the picture painted by a post-impressionist, many people pretended that they could understand it. / Many people stood in front of the picture painted by a post-impressionist, pretending that they could understand it.d. Looking out of the window of the train, the boy was amused by the power lines dancing up and down in the air.Extra ActivitiesCombine each of the following groups of sentences into one sentence using participlesa. She was born in a common family.She was educated in an average college.She is satisfied with her present life.b. The students have finished their exams.They feel greatly relieved.As a result, they plan to play cards the whole nightc. Jimmy set his feet into the starting blocks.He stared ahead intently.d. Larry was sitting in a corner of the pub.Larry held his head in his hands.Larry was so depressed that even the best joke in the world couldn't cheer him up.Suggested answers to the Extra Activitiesa. Born in a common family and educated in an average college, she is satisfied with her present life.b. Having finished their exams and feeling greatly relieved, the students plan to play cards the whole night.c. Jimmy set his feet into the starting blocks, staring ahead intently.d. Holding his head in his hands, Larry was sitting in a corner of the pub, so depressed that even the best joke in the world couldn't cheer him up.B. Participles with conjunctionsSuggested answers to the questionStructure: They are all composed of a conjunction and a participle, and the noun in the main clause is the logical subject or object.Meaning: Sentence a: time; Sentence b: concession; Sentence c: condition.Reference for the Classroom Activities1. a. Kate fell asleep when/while reading Bob's letter.b. She started to chat with her friend after finishing / having finished her work.c. Although having seen it a thousand and one times, the old man still watches the video from time to time.d. Although closely watched by the guards, the prisoner plans to escape.e. It is believed that if read many times, an article will naturally be understood.f. If buying more, you can pay less.2. Ask students to work on their own and write two sentences for each of the types.Getting to know participles' functionsA. Creating concise sentencesSuggested answers to the questions1. Yes.2. There are two complete ideas in each sentence.3. The relationship between the two complete ideas becomes closer from Sentence a through Sentence d. Sentence d has the closest relationship between the two ideas4. Sentence d is the most efficient.B. Producing more detailed sentencesSuggested answers to the questionIn Group a, Sentence 2 is the best, in which the present participles describe live animated actions. In Group b, the best sentence is also Sentence 2, in which the actions are simultaneous. In Group c, Sentence 3 is the best sentence in which the present participle and the past participle are combined most efficiently.C. Establishing clearer logicReference for the Classroom Activities1. a. Thinking about her kid at home, Judy made several mistakes in her work.b. The car raced along the street, sending passers-by to run for shelter. / Racing along the street, the car sent passers-by to run for shelter.c. Born in Guangzhou and educated in Nanjing, she is now working as a manager in Beijing.d. Having been shocked and chased by a ferocious dog, the thief hid behind a dustbin, holding his breath for fear of being found.e. The bomb blew up in the distance, shaking the ground slightly and making bursts of light on the dark horizon.2. a. Hearing the news, I thought the world had ended for me.b. I sat happily in my chair, reading a newspaper.c. (correct)d. Shocked at the sight of his teacher, the boy stood there dumbfounded.e. Having lived there for twenty years, I know this place like the back of my hand.3. Ask students to go over their writings, and pay attention to their use of the participles.AbsolutesGetting to know absolutesSuggested answers to the exercise1. An absolute construction is a participle phrase whose logical subject is different fromthe sentence subject.2. A. determiner + n. + participle verb + other parts of the participle phraseB. n. + participle verb+ other parts of the participle phraseC. n. + other parts of the participle phraseReference for the Classroom ActivitiesAsk students to work on their own and write three sentences using different forms of absolute constructions.Using absolutes with purposeA. Adding descriptive detailsSuggested answers to the exerciseYou can get the following sentences:a + b: The manager sat quietly in his office, his eyes closed, a cigarette burning his hand.c + d: Sam walked slowly off the playground, his face streaked with tears, his leg bleeding.What's more, participles and absolutes, although somewhat different, can be used together to create vivid descriptions. For example:The girl sat nervously in her office, eyes closed, waiting for the telephone to ring.The middle-aged man stood in the street corner, hands put in his pockets, eyeing every passer-by.B. Indicating cause-effect relationshipsIn most cases, when the absolute is used for description, it is put at the end of the sentence; when it is used to suggest a cause-effect relationship, it is put at the beginning of the sentence.Reference for the Classroom Activities1. a. The boy leaned against a tree, hands in pockets.b. He glared at his boss, his mouth shut, and his hands clenched.c. The interviewee entered the office, her eyes fixed on her feet.d. The rabbit stared at the approaching wolf, his four feet fixed to the ground, to frightened to move.e. The girl was enjoying her favorite song, her eyes shut, her head moving from side to side.2. a. Two of my new bikes having got stolen here, I will never come to this place again.b. Several flecks coming upon her face again, she doesn't want to meet her boyfriend today.c. Its bottom torn open by a bomb, the ship sank slowly into the sea.d. Its overseas advertisements being rather successful, the school has attracted manyforeign students.e. The accountant being careless, I was given $1,000 more last month.3. Ask students to look at their written work again, and see if they can combine some sentences by using absolutes. This can be done either as individual or group/pair work.PART III GRAMMARComma-Split SentencesSuggested answers to the questions1. There are two ideas in each sentence. The two ideas are connected by a comma.2. No, the relationship is not clear. We can try to use some compound or subordinate conjunctions to clarify the relationship.3. See the rules in the summary.Reference for the Classroom Activitiesa. I had no idea what I was getting into, and I did not really care.b. You can't go home now since it is raining so heavily.c. Seeing the escaping thief, the cop stopped his car, got off, and started to chase himd. If you study hard, you will succeed.e. When she said "Yes," he felt he was in heaven.Now, ask students to summarize the rules against comma-split sentences Summary1.When we use a comma to connect two separate ideas, or two independentsentences, we commit a comma-split;ma-split sentences are not acceptable because a comma is not strong enoughto indicate the relationship between two ideas;ma-split sentences can be improved by clarifying the relationship between thetwo ideas. Commonly used methods are:1)using a comma and a conjunction like and, but, yet, etc.2)turning one idea into a subordinate clause with if, when, although, because,etc.3)using participles and absolutes;4)using punctuation marks that are strong enough, like colon(:) and semicolon(:).Fused SentenceSuggested answers to the questions1. Each sentence contains two ideas.2. Yes, because the sentences are not clearly divided.3. Strategies suggested to improve comma-split sentences can also be used toimprove fused sentences.Reference for the Classroom Activitiesa. In some part of China marriages are still arranged by parents. Consequentlymoney becomes more important than love.b. Vegetables are good to your health. However, overeating them will also beharmful.c. People watch TV for different reasons, so their judgement naturally differs.d. These houses sell very well, because they enjoy first of all a very desirablelocation.e. Nobody will completely love this kind of mass-produced food, but nobody will be unbearably put off, either.Now, ask students to summarize the rules against fused sentences。

新世纪实用英语写作第三版读书笔记摘要：一、前言- 简述新世纪实用英语写作第三版对自己的帮助- 提及学习英语写作的重要性二、本书的结构和内容- 介绍新世纪实用英语写作第三版的篇章结构- 概括各章节的主要内容三、本书的特点- 分析新世纪实用英语写作第三版的亮点- 说明本书在英语写作教学方面的优势四、学习心得与建议- 分享在学习新世纪实用英语写作第三版过程中的心得体会- 提供针对英语写作学习的实用建议五、总结- 总结新世纪实用英语写作第三版对自己的影响- 表达对英语写作学习成果的期许正文：【前言】作为一名热衷于学习英语的学生，我深知英语写作在实际应用中的重要性。

新世纪实用英语写作第三版为我提供了丰富的英语写作技巧和方法，让我在英语写作方面取得了显著的进步。

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全书共分为十二章，从基础的句子写作到高级的应用文写作，涵盖了各种类型的英语写作。

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【学习心得与建议】在学习新世纪实用英语写作第三版的过程中，我深刻体会到英语写作的技巧和方法对于提高写作水平的重要性。

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Unit 3 Book 4The Rainbow of Knowledge1. Difficult Sentences1) (LL. 1~2) For more than ¾ of my life — 39 of my 50 years —I’ve eitherstudied or taught in a school or a college in New York.What might people think of the author since he has spent more than ¾ of his life either studying or teaching?(=People might think that the author would know more than the average person, and that he would feel confident in his knowledge and understanding of life.)Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=我这辈子四分之三以上的时间（50年中有39年）是在纽约的中小学或大学里度过的，不是在上学，就是在教学。

)2) (LL. 3~6) You might think, then, that after all this time I’d have somegrasp of the situation, that I’d actually know things — thatI’d have some positive sense of assurance, of certainty,about knowledge and about life.Why does the author use the modal verb ―might‖ here?(=The modal verb ―might‖here is used to show that it is possible that someone may think this way, but the author is not quite sure about it.) How do you understand the part ―I’d have some positive sense of assurance, of certainty, about knowledge and about life‖?(=I’d have full confidence in terms of understanding knowledge and life.)3) (LL. 8~9) To say that the more I know, the more I know I don’t know is,of course, contradictory.What does the author think of the statement ―the more I know, the more I know I don’t know‖?(=He thinks it is a self-contradictory statement — a paradox.)Have you ever felt ―the more I know, the more I know I don’t know‖? Please cite your personal experiences to illustrate your point.(=Open-ended.)4) (LL. 19~22) As it grows, so does its circumference. And if that growingblackness represents knowledge, then as it grows, sodoes the awareness of what remains unknown.As one’s knowledge grows, what will happen to him according to the author?(=According to the author, as one’s knowledge grows, his awareness of what he still doesn’t know increases, too. In other words, the more he knows, the more he knows he doesn’t know.)Translate this part into Chinese.(=随着它的扩大，它的周缘也跟着扩大。