中南大学英汉语翻译技巧复习资料20120522

Unit11.Every life has its roses and thorns.人生总是有苦有乐, 甘苦参半.(人生地道路既铺满鲜花, 又充满荆棘.)2.I’ll have Lisa where I want her.我要丽莎去哪里她就得去哪里3.He carried his age astonishingly well.他一点儿都不显老，面容年轻得令人惊讶.4.She’d never again believe anything in trousers.她再也不愿相信任何男人了.He was a dead shot.However,he met his Waterloo this time.他是一个神枪手，可这一次却遭到惨败./ 他遭遇了滑铁卢.Nixon was pleased by the distinction,but not overwhelmed.尼克松对受到地破格礼遇非常高兴，但并没有受宠若惊.Yet China was a land of constant surprise and shifting impression.而中国是一片令人惊讶、日新月异地土地.After the failure of his last novel,his reputation stands on slippery ground.、他上一篇小说写砸了, 他地名声从此岌岌可危.Mrs.Sawyer looked radiant,too,and for the first time gobbled up her dinner like a little pig.索耶太太也容光焕发，第一次大口大口吃饭，活像一只小猪.He walked at the head of the funeral procession,and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief.他走在送葬队伍地前头，还不时有哪个一条大手绢抹去他那鳄鱼地眼泪.It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it,of not being conscious of health until we are ill.还是那句老话：物失方知可贵，病时倍思健康.When we are in buoyant health,death is all but unimaginable.We seldom think of it .The days stretch out in an endless vista.So we go about our petty tasks,hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.当我们年富力强时，死亡几乎是难以想象地事.我们很少想到死.来日方长，前途无量.于是，我们忙于琐碎地事物，根本意识不到我们对生命地漠然态度A greeting card can warm a heart,hold a hand ,lend an ear,pat a back light up a face,tickle afunny bone,dry an eye,surprise a child,woo a sweetheart,toast a bride,welcome a stranger,wave a good-bye,shout a bravo,blow a kiss,mend a quarrel,ease a pain,bost a morale,stop a worry and start a tradition.一张贺卡可以温暖一颗心，握紧一双手，倾听肺腑言，轻拍友人背；它令人喜洋洋，缭地心痒痒，抹去泪汪汪；它给孩子以惊喜，给恋人一温存，给新娘以祝福，给路人以欢迎；它可用以挥手告别，高声喝彩，送上飞吻，也可以平息争吵，减轻痛苦，提高士气，解除忧虑，开创一种新风尚.Unit2Needing some light to see by,the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light the light with the light green shade.夜贼需要一点亮光来辨识四周，于是轻步穿过房间，去点亮带有浅绿色灯罩地灯.All citizens in this nation are subject to the law.这个国家地全体公民都必须服从法律.Payment are subject to change in keeping with inflation支付随通货膨胀地变化而变化..Subject to the fulfilment of other formalities,they shall be granted all necessary permits.在他们履行其他正式手续地条件下，可授予他们一切必要地执照Before it begins to work,the yeast is subject to disruption caused by fluctuations in temperature.酵母在发酵之前，易受温度起伏变化地干扰.Accession shall be subject to approval of a two-third vote of the Directors of the Government Body.就任须得到董事会三分之二以上地成员同意.Samples are subject to a series of tests in the lab,te object of which is largely to determine the correct processing methods to be adopted in each case.样品在实验室经过一系列地检验，其主要目地在于针对不同情况来决定采用恰当地加工方法.The mechanism o the process,slow and delicate,often escapes our attention.这种作用过程既缓慢又微妙，经常逃过微妙地注意.Under capitalism drugs and alcohol are used by some as an escape mechanism.在资本主义社会，毒品和酒被一些人用作逃避现实地途径.But people are apt to marvel at an ingenious mechanism and obliterate the man who makes it.但是人们往往对精巧地器械大为惊异，却忘记了制造它地人.Perhaps this is the very mechanism of the creators of our nation who hold these truths to be self-evident.我们国家地缔造者们认为这些真理是不言而喻地，或许这正是他们地匠心所在.And,again as a result of the development of modern technology,mechanism in philosophy became an upstart.随着现代技术地发展，哲学中地机械论再度变得盛极一时.The two model cariants of the socialist economic mechanism are to be distinguished from the point of view of market function.对于社会主义经济体制地两种模式需要从市场功能地观点来加以区别.Unit31.With the passage of time,my admiration for him grew more more and more.zvpgeqJ1hk我对她地仰慕之情与日剧增2.He has long been an enemy of stilted and pretentious English.NrpoJac3v1他一向反对矫揉造作地英语3.The audience attended the performance varied from tens to thousand .1nowfTG4KI看演出地观众少则几十人，多则数千人.4.Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievement you have made in thisdirection fjnFLDa5Zo思想独立地观察家们对你们这方面所取得地成就给予了很好地评价.5.No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of people of the old generation back to 36 yeares ago.tfnNhnE6e5难怪老一辈地许多人一见到它就会想到36年前地往事.6.There is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country.HbmVN777sL目前我国各地对各种消费品地需求量已大大地增加.7.Out of all the glorious tales written about the U.S.revolution for independence from Britain the fact is hardly known that a blank man was the first to die for American independence V7l4jRB8Hs读遍了关于美国为摆脱关于英国统治争取独立而进行革命地堂皇纪事，也很艰难弄清第一个为美国独立捐躯地原来是个黑人.83lcPA59W98.I buried my head under the miserable sheet and rug,and cried like a child mZkklkzaaP我心理十分难受，一头扎进被单和毯子中，像孩子一样哭了起来.9.The thief made a trembling confession of his wrongdoing ,AVktR43bpw小偷战战兢兢地坦白了所干地坏事.10.The sailors swarmed into a laughing and cheering around the two men.ORjBnOwcEd水手们欢欢乐乐，蜂拥而至，将这两人围城一团.11.I enjoy the clean voluptuousness of the warm breeze on my skin and the cool support of water.2MiJTy0dTT我喜爱那洁净地暖风吹拂在我地皮肤上使我陶然欲醉，也喜爱那清凉地流水吧我地身体托浮在水面上.12.It was a truth of which I had for some time been conscious that a figure with a good deal of frontage was ,as one might say ,almost never a public instituin.gIiSpiue7A一段时期以来，我注意到了一条普遍规律，不妨说，仪表堂堂地人大抵不是什么社会名流. Unit41.Oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.uEh0U1Yfmh海洋与其说是分隔了世界不如说是连接了整个世界.2.When she came to, she saw smiling faces around her.IAg9qLsgBX她苏醒过来，看见周围一张张笑脸.3.The planet we live on is not just a ball of inert material.WwghWvVhPE我们居住地星球并不仅仅是一个由惰性物质组成地球体.4,.The pupil of the eye responds to the change of light intensity.asfpsfpi4k瞳孔随光线地强弱变化而缩小放大.5.Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice.ooeyYZTjj1勇敢过度，即成蛮勇，感情过度，即成软弱，简约过度，即成贪婪.6.Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man..BkeGuInkxI读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔写使人准确.7.Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed healths.PgdO0sRlMo热情地主义又是切肉，又是倒茶，又是上菜，又是切面包，谈啊，笑啊，敬酒啊，忙个不停.8.This digital camera is easy to operate, versatile, compact and has a pleasing modern design.3cdXwckm15这种数码相机操作简便，功能齐全，结构紧凑，造型美观.9.A scientific hypothesis can be proven-or, perhaps more importantly, disproven-but a poem, a picture, or a piece of music, cannot.h8c52WOngM一条科学假设可以被证实，或被否定，后者可能更为重要.而一首诗，一张画，或一曲音乐却不能.10.Histories make men wise; poets witty; mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.v4bdyGious读史使人明智，读诗人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修饰之学使人善辩.Unit51．If you give him an inch, he will take a mile.你要是迁就他，他会得寸进尺.2.Never trouble yourself with trouble till trouble troubles you.J0bm4qMpJ9不要自找麻烦.3.The true joy of joys is the joy that joys in the joy of others.XVauA9grYP与人同乐才是真乐.4.It is not entirely right to say that if there is food, let everyone share it.bR9C6TJscw说有饭大家吃并不完全正确.5.There was no haste or restlessness in his manner but a poised friendliness.pN9LBDdtrd他从容不迫，和蔼可亲.|他举止不慌不忙，十分友好.6.Radioactivity may cause illness that could be passed on to our children and grandchildren.DJ8T7nHuGT放射线可以引起遗传性疾病.7.Bacteria capable of causing disease are known as pathogenic, or disease-producing germs.QF81D7bvUA会引起疾病地细菌称为致病菌.8.For generations, coal and oil have been regarded as the chief energy source to transport men from place to place.4B7a9QFw9h世世代代以来，煤和石油一直被认为是人员运输地主要能源.9．Patients with influenza must be separated from the well lest the disease should spread from person to person.ix6iFA8xoX流感病人必须与健康地人隔开，以免疾病传播.10.Among the 18 species of penguins, 8 have chosen the environs of the South Pole as their habitats.wt6qbkCyDE在18种企鹅中，有8种栖息在南极四周.11.These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.Kp5zH46zRk这些发展中国家，土地辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富.12.In order to survive, to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature.Yl4HdOAA61为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代地衣食住行，人类和大自然不断进行斗争.13.Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful.ch4PJx4BlI冬天是研究树木生长地最好季节；虽然树叶落了，树枝光了，但树木本身却很美丽.14. Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge, has given man the practical result of beingable to shield himself from the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by others.qd3YfhxCzo人类对科学地研究，对知识地寻求，其实际结果是使自己具有抵御天灾人祸地能力.Unit 61. It is easy to see what weight can be overcome and what thrust is necessary to maintainflight.E836L11DO5要知道应该抵消多大重力并需要多大推力才能保持飞行，这很容易.He was dumb-founded at her insistence that he explain where every cent of his allowance had gone.S42ehLvE3M她非要他讲清楚他地每一分钱都到哪儿去了，他哑口无言.That our environment has little,if anything,to do with our abilities,characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.501nNvZFis这种理论地核心是，我们地环境同我们地才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系地话，也是微不足道地.Behaviorist,in contrast,say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other vantages that whites enjoy.jW1viftGw9相反，行为主义者认为，成绩地差异是由于黑人往往被剥夺了白人在教育及其他环境方面所享有地许多有利条件.He would be a rash man who should yenture to defy world public opnion and act arbitrarily.如果有人敢于公然蔑视世界公众舆论而一意孤行，那他一定是个鲁莽之徒.I was all the more delighted when,as a result of th einitiative of your government,it provedpossible to reinstate the visit so quickly.由于贵国政府地提议，才得以这样快地重提访问之事，这使我感到特别高兴.Accounts are given of huge mountains sinking,of former plaiins seen heaved aloft,of fires flashing out amid the ruin.大山沉陷，平原隆起，火焰喷射，周围是一片废墟，这些都有报道.The president has also called for an annual moment of silence at8;46 a.m.Eastern time,when the first plane hit the first tower.总统也号召每年地这一天，在东部时间8:45，也就是当第一架飞机撞上第一座塔楼地时刻全国默哀.Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing.如今人们知道，如果食物中缺少了某些重要地成分，即使其中不含任何有害地物质，也会引起严重地疾病.Can you forge against these enemies in a grand and global alliance,North and South,East and West,that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind ? Will you join in that historic effort?你们能不能部分东南西北，建立起一个对付这些敌人地全球联盟，以保证全人类享有更为丰富地生活？你们是否愿意参与这一历史地努力？Many more visitors than it can comfortably accommodate poured into it ,off the regular steamers,off chartered motorboats and off yachts;all day they ambled up the towpath ,looking for what?游客太多了，这小地方接待不过来.搭班船地、坐包船地、驾游艇地，一批批涌到，从早到晚，络绎不绝，漫步爬上纤路.他们想看什么呢？Unit7One could not be too careful in a new neighborhood.新到一个陌生地邻里，越小心越好.I'm wiser than to believe what you call money talks.我才不至于蠢到相信你所说地金钱是万能呢.Nothing is so beautiful but it betrays some defect on close inspection.再漂亮地东西，只要仔细观察，也会发现某种缺陷.He would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life.叫他干什么他都愿意，只要不再过以往那种日子就行.I know it is a square peg in a round hole; still, it serves after a fashion.我知道此物方枘圆凿，十分不配；但尽管如此，还是勉强顶用.Africa is not kicking out western imperialism in order to invite other new masters.非洲将西方帝国主义踢出国门并不是为了请进其他地新主子.Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with dignity双方都认为可以不失体面地接受这个和平方案.All the chemical energy of the fuel is not converted into heat9.燃料中地所有化学能并非都可以转化成热能.All graduates from the Foregin Languages Institute will not be appointed to do translation work.外语院校地毕业生并非人人被分配去做翻译工作.All these various losses,great as they are ,do not in any way contradict the law of conservation of energy.所有这些能量耗散，尽管很大，却都和能量守恒定律无矛盾.All other sources of heat besides the sun would not raise the temperature of the eatth1/4degree F.除了太阳地热源以外，所有其他热源都不能把地球地温度升高四分之一华氏度.Not all sounds made by animals serve as language,and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echolocation in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.动物发出地声音并不都起语言作用.只需以发现蝙蝠地回声定位这个不同寻常地事为例，我们就能知道声音起着严格地功利作用.The contemporary phenomenon of motorcar worship is to be explained not least by the sense of iindependence and freedom that ownership entails.当代社会崇尚汽车地现象其部分原因可以解释为：一个人有了汽车，便可以自由行动，不依赖他人.The target is wrong,for iin attacking the tests,critics dicert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or iincompetent uses.（把标准化测试作为抨击）目标是错误地，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当.One may as well be asleep to read for anything but to improve his mind and morals, and regulate his conduct.读书如果不是为了培养才德和端庄品行，还不如睡大觉好.Few things are impossible in themselves：and it is often for want of will, rather than of means, that men fail of success.事情很少有做不成地；其所以做不成，与其说由于条件不够，不如说由于缺乏决心.In one broadcast Anna Roosevelt ,the wife of President Franklin Roosevelt ,said,”we cannot be too tired to win peace if our civilization is to go on.”富兰克林·罗斯福总统地夫人安娜·罗斯福有一次在广播中说：“如果想使战后地文明持续下去，我们付出多大地艰辛争取也不过分.”It is nothing for a big,strong schoolboy to elbow an elderly woman aside in the dash for the last remaining seat on the tube or bus,much less stand up and offer his seat to her,as he ought.为了抢占地铁或公交汽车上地最后一个座位，身强力壮地中学生可以把老太太推开，更别提站起来给老太太让个座了----这对他们来说简直不算回事儿.他们本不应该这样做.UNIT8The oil of the world will have been used up,and man will be using the more convenient power obtained from the splitting of the atom.全世界地石油将会用尽，到那时人们将使用通过原子裂变获取地更为方便地动力.There are some radioactive isotopes which are produced artificially by bombardment of nuclei with neutrons.有几种放射性同位素是通过用中子轰击原子核而人造出来地.Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is subjected to loud continuous noise.应当注意缩短人们在强噪声环境中地停留时间.Much has been said about the complexity of embryonic stem-cell research.关于胚胎干细胞研究地复杂性已经谈地很多了Goodyear ,an American,had been trying for years to find a way in which rubber could be made hard,non-stick ,and yet elastic.多年来，一个名叫古德伊尔地美国人一直在努力寻找一种方法把橡胶做地硬而不粘，但却有弹性.We are taught that business letters should be written in a formal style rather than a personal one.我们学过，写商务信件要用规范地格式，而不能像个人信件那样随便.She told me that her master had dismissed her.No reason had been given;no objection had been made to her conduct.She had been forbidden to appeal to her mistress.她告诉我，男主人已经雇了她.没有对她说明任何理由，对她地行为也没提出任何异议.而且不许她向女主人申诉.The increasing speed of scientific development will be obvious if one considers that TV ,space craft,and nuclear-power ships,which are taken for granted now,would have seemed fantastic to people whose lives ended as recently as 1920.电视机、宇宙飞船和核动力舰艇对今天地人们来说不是什么新鲜事物，但对于生活于20世纪20年代以前地人来说，却似乎是不可思议地东西.考虑到这一点，科学发展地速度之快就显而易见了.The rusting of iron is one example of corrosion, which may be described as the destructive chemical attack of a metal by media with which it comes in contact, such as moisture,air and water.可以认为，腐蚀状态是金属接触湿气、空气和水等介质后形成地破坏性化学侵蚀，而铁生锈只是其中地一个例子.Pure science has been subdivided into physical science, which deals with the facts and relations of the physical world, and biological science, which investigates the history and makings of life on the planet.理论科学分为自然科学和生物科学，前者研究自然界各种事物和相互联系，而后者则探讨地球上生物地进化历史和形成条件.It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly. Students are requested to remind themnselves of the rules of the borrowing and returning of books, and to bear in mind the needs of other students. Penalties for overdue books wikk in the future be strictly enforced.近来我们发现本馆地图书库存正在急剧下降，此事令人关注.现提醒大家注意借书还书规则，别忘了其他同学也需要借阅.今后将严格执行借书规则，凡逾期不还者将照章处罚.A current search of the files indicates that the letter is no longer in this bureau’s possession. Itis noted that the letter was received two months ago,and after study,returned to your office.In view of the foregoing,it is regretted that your office has no record of its receipt.If the letter is found,it would be appreciated if this bureau was notified at noce.最近找到了卷宗，发现本局并无此信.根据记录，该信于两个月前收到，经研读已寄还贵处.照此看来，贵处似无收信地记录，甚为遗憾.如能查明此信，请即通知本局，不胜感激.Unit9Whatever from is used by the majority of educated speakers or writers is correct; or as Sweet puts it, “Whatever is in general use in a language is, for that reason, grammatically, correct.”大多数受过教育地人说话或写作时使用地英语就是正确地英语，或如斯威特所说：“凡是语言中广泛使用地说法（仅仅这一理由）都可以认为在语法上是正确地.He boasts that a slave is free the moment his feet touch British soil and he sells the children of the poor at six years of age to work under the lash in the factories for sixteen hours a day.他吹嘘说，任何奴隶一踏上英国地土地就获得自由，而他却出卖穷人家六岁地孩子到工厂干活，每天十六小时，受尽鞭打责骂.It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run may read, and very naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection认为自己地思想深奥，不可能表达得很清楚，让任何人都能理解，这是一种虚荣地念头.这样地作家当然不会想到，问题还是出在自己脑子缺乏精确思考地能力.It is not that the scale in the one cases,and the balance in the other,differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working;but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.这并不是说，使用磅秤和使用天平这两种情况在构造原理或工作方式上存在什么差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多地装置，因而在计量上更准确地多.There are several reasons why he no longer appears to be the magician the world press had made him out to be, an illusion which he failed to discourage because, as he would admit himself, he has a tendency toward megalomania.全世界报界曾经把他渲染成魔术师一般地人物，他也没有阻止人们制造这种错误印象，因为他自己也承认有一种自大狂地倾向.现在他也不再像是这样一种人物了，这里有几个原因.….but since what used to seem to the great majority of civilized humanity the assurance of another life beyond the grave has come to seem to more and more people less certain,a feeling for the value of human life has become deeper and more widespread.但是对于绝大多数受过教育地人过去所深信地所谓人死后另有生命，现今这种观念已经为越来越多地人所怀疑，所以人们对生命地价值认识越来越深刻，其范围也越来越广.He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a “step up” toward what all Americans are thought to want when they grow up: money and power.所有美国人受地教育是长大后应该追求金钱和权力，而我却偏偏不要明明是朝这个目标“迈进”地工作，他为之大为解.He poured into his writing all the pains of his life and the convicion it had brought to him that the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise up.他在作品里倾诉了自己一生地痛苦和这种痛苦给他带来地一种信念，认为如果受剥削地阶级奋起反抗，世界就会变得更美好.There has long been a superstition among mariners that porpoises will save drowning men by pushing them to the surface, or protect them from sharks by surrounding them in defensive formation.很久以来，海员中有一种迷信，认为海豚会把快四地人推到水面把他们救起，或者在溺水人周围形成防御队形，保护他们不受鲨鱼伤害.Furthermore it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up withthe efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.再者，显而易见地是一个国家地经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率地提高则又有赖于各种科技人员.For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.例如：测试并不弥补明显地社会不公；因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差地年轻人，如果在较好地环境下成长地话，会有多大才干.It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对待人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情.Unit10Americans have a great range of customs and habits that at first may seem puzzling to a visiter.美国人地许多风俗习惯似乎令初来乍到地游客费解.They saw the first glimmerings of the “new economic order”for which many Third World countries have long been clamoring.他们看到了许多第三世界国家长期呼吁地“经济新秩序”地一线曙光.Late 19th century saw all the unicersities in the United States adopt the credit system,which benefited students a great deal.19世纪末，美国所有大学已实行学分制，学生们从中受益匪浅.Each day we make choices that affect our lives and sometimes the lives of others.我们每天都要做出选择，其选择结果会影响自己地生活，有时也影响别人地生活.While at a mueum , one can frequently rent a small recording machine that will eplain the objects on display as you move through the museum.在博物馆参观地时候，常常可以租用一个小录音机，一面参观，一面听有关展品地录音解说.The fire season takes care of the property that managed to survive the deluge.勉强躲过洪水劫难地财物，又在火灾多发期被吞噬了.In countries where people remain in one town or city for most of their lives,the social customs are quite different.有些国家地人民几乎终生未离开过某一乡镇或城市，所以其社会风俗大不相同.In fact,many Americans who could afford to hire a cook or driver do not employ them.其实，许多美国人都花得起钱请厨师，雇司机，但他们不那么做.Privite schools in the US have a wide range of programs that are offered to meet the needs of certain students.美国私立学校开设地课程很多，以满足某些学生地各种需求.Now the integrated circuit has reduced by many times the size of the computer of which it froms a part,thus creating a new generation of portable minicomputer.现在集成电路成了计算机地组成部分，使计算机地体积大大缩小，从而产生了新一代地袖珍式微型计算机.A few stars are known which are hardly bigger than the earth, but the majority are so largethat hundreds of thousands of earths could be packed inside each and leave room to spare;here and there we come upon a giant star large enough to contain millions of millions of earths.人们所知道地几个恒星并不比地球大多少，但绝大多数恒星却非常巨大，每个星球容纳成千上万个地球还绰绰有余.我们不时可见大得足以容纳亿万个地球地巨星.There is nothing more disappointing to a hostess who has gone to a lot of trouble or expense than to have her guest so interested in talking politics or business with her husband that he fails to notice the flavor of the coffee, the lightness of the cake, or the attractiveness of the house, which may be the chief interest and pride.最令女主人失望地是，她花了许多心神和费用来招待客人，可是这位客人只顾津津乐道地与她丈夫谈政治，谈生意，却没注意到香喷喷地咖啡，松软地糕点，或房间内讲究地陈设，而这些却可能是她最感兴趣并最引以为荣地东西.Unit 11When Zhou Enlai's door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.周恩来地房门打开了.他们看到了一位身材修长地人，比普通人略高，目光炯炯，面貌引人注目，称得上英俊.Inexpressible was the astonishment of the little party when they returned to find that Mr.Pickwick had disappeared.当这一小伙人回来发现皮克威先生不见了地时候，那惊愕之态简直无法形容.When I try to understand what is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are twp causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other.为什么如此多地美国人不能如想象中那样幸福呢？我认为原因有二，而两者之间又有深浅之分.The assertion that it was difficult,if not impossible,for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic,social and cultural development was now scarcely contested.如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位，不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化地发展，要享受其基本权利，即使不是不可能，也是不容易地.这一论断，在那时几乎无可置疑.Aluminum remained unknown until the 19th century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.因为在自然界地任何地方都找不到处于游离态地铝，所以直到19世纪铝才为人们所知.。

目　录2010年中南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2011年中南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年中南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年中南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2010年中南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Test of English for MTI CandidatesPart I Diction(15%)Directions: Choose the ONE word or phrase which would best keep the meaning of the underlined part in each of the following. You should write your choices on the Answer Sheet.1．Is vanity one of the seven deadly sins?A. foolishnessB. sanityC. prideD. selfishness【答案】C【解析】句意：虚荣心是七宗罪之一吗？vanity虚荣心。

pride骄傲；自尊心。

二者意思相近，可相互替换。

foolishness愚蠢。

sanity明智，头脑清楚。

selfishness自私。

因此，本题的正确答案为C。

2．The child was uncomfortable under the scrutiny of his grandfather.A. examinationB. weightC. gazeD. attention【答案】A【解析】句意：那个小孩在感到不舒服。

题目中划线词scrutiny意为“监视”。

examination考试；检查，在这里引申为“监察”的意思。

weight压力。

gaze盯。

attention关心，注意。

3．Professor Bright likes to ramble during her lectures.A. mumbleB. ruminateC. wonderD. wander【答案】D【解析】句意：布莱特教授喜欢在她的课堂上走来走去。

《英汉翻译技巧》（钟书能主编）翻译练习参考答案第1章翻译练习参考答案：1. 翻译下列词组，注意表达出原文词组的真实含义：（1）电线杆（2）洗耳恭听（3）感到害怕（4）令人扫兴的事或人（5）旧瓶装新酒（6）容易干的事、不重要的事情（7）有贵族血统的、出生名门的（8）生手、没经验的人（9）成或败（10）笑里藏刀2. 翻译下列词组，注意译文的“忠实性”：（1）东西保存时间长，终会派上好用场。

（2）得之艰难失之易。

（3）她来自于丹佛市附近的一个名不见经传的小镇。

（4）她买了13个鸡蛋。

（5）你占着那么多东西，而你自己又不想用，不就像狗占马槽吗？（6）他做事很老成。

（7）众所周知，过胖或过瘦肯定都是不健康的。

（8）我不知道他是否是个内奸。

（9）没有工具，人便一事无成；有了工具，人便无所不能。

（10）这两个星期，我一直坐卧不安地等待结果。

3. 翻译下面语篇，注意译文的“忠实性”和“流畅性”：改变了我生命的一封信丹尼斯·史密斯那时，我还不到30岁，在南布朗克斯第82消防支队做消防员，那也许是当时世界上最忙的消防队了。

一个星期天，天气晴和温暖，人们闲暇无事，邻近社区的活动也就比平时更多，消防员的任务也比平时更多。

那一天，我们肯定接到过15次或20次火警电话，最大的火灾发生在一栋废弃楼房背后的一个车库，光棉裹的水管就拖拽了有600英尺长。

在没有出警任务的间隙里，我会赶紧跑到队里办公室去读葛瑞队长的那份周日版《纽约时报》。

时近傍晚，我才终于读到了“书评”栏目。

一读之下，不由得怒火中烧。

有一篇文章居然公开宣称：诺贝尔文学奖得主，爱尔兰文艺复兴运动的领袖——威廉·巴特勒·叶芝超越了其爱尔兰精神，将永远作为一位世界诗人而被人铭记。

而我认为这简直是胡说八道。

对叶芝这份爱尔兰遗产，我十分引以为豪，很少有什么东西能够胜之。

我服兵役时曾从兵营书架上拿起一本叶芝的诗集，从那时起，他就成为了我最喜爱的爱尔兰作家，其次才是希恩·奥凯西和詹姆斯·乔伊斯。

第3章翻译的技巧篇3.1 复习笔记一、翻译技巧1. 概述：翻译技巧说到底就是对语言差异的“灵巧”处理，是译者熟练而巧妙地运用各种翻译手法，完美地表达思想内容的技能，它可以在长期反复的“操作训练”中为人所掌握。

2. 基本方法：拆译、词性转译、精简、增补、倒置、反译、虚译和实译、词语褒贬翻译、被动式翻译、数字倍数翻译等。

这些翻译技巧在同一个句子中互相穿插，互为补充。

二、拆译1. 原因：中英句法不同英语：句法连绵，一个主句可以与众多的修饰词组、短语、从句共同组成；汉语：句法短促，从容不迫。

2. 从译文比较看拆译译文的语言形式必须符合译文的语言习惯。

由于中英句法不同，因此应将原文打破重组，或抽词拆译、或抽短语词组拆译，要避免“上下三十六根牙齿嚼不烂”的“翻译腔”。

原文语言中最习见最自然的表现法，在译文中也必须用译文语言中最习见最自然的表现法来翻译，例：He crashed down on a protesting chair.【生硬译文】他猛然坐到一张吱吱地发出抗议声的椅子。

【自然译文】他猛然坐到一把椅子上，椅子被压得吱吱作响。

【评析】在英文中“protesting”可以直接修饰后面的词，直翻成汉语“抗议”是行不通。

因此应展开联想，将这类词所含的内容从句中拉出来，单独加以表述。

在汉语中用拟声词表达自然生动，因此“吱吱作响”是最自然的表达。

3. 长句拆译原因：中文表述无法按照其英文句法展开。

中文最忌讳的是长长的一句话中间不带一个标点符号，非拆不可。

例：They represented a worthy beginning to the reshaping of the United Nations concept of collective effort in international and national economic development.【译文】这个宣言和行动纲领表明了一个可贵的开端，那就是在国际和国家经济发展方面，联合国提出了一个同心协力的新概念。

供复习用翻译技巧课后练习一、回答问题[见绪论]1.为什么要学习翻译？2.什么是翻译？3.翻译的过程是什么？4.翻译是技能、艺术还是科学？5.翻译的标准是什么？二句子翻译练习，注意语境对翻译选词的影响[见第3章：英汉词义对比与翻译中根据语境选词]1.After he had a row with his wife at home,he had a row with his mistress on the lake.2.Needing some light to see by, the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light the light with the light green shade.3.Lead as an element that gets into your body is absorbed into the bones and thus does harm to your health.4.Child enrolment is also affected by household size, birth order, livestock ownership and the ability of the household to absorb economic shocks.5.You could tell he was absorbed in his conversation, and not playing much attention to the road.6.As luck would have it, no one was in the building when the explosion occurred.7.As luck would have it, there was rain on the day of the picnic.三句子翻译练习，注意英译汉时的省译与汉译英时的增译[ [见第四章：英译汉的省译与增译]1.No man is too old but he may learn.2.The boy entered the room, his coat wet through.3.When Danone decided to set up manufacturing operations in Indonesia to locally produce dairy products and milk based drinks, they invited Wahaha to join them.4.Mr. Li ordered a book and it has just arrived.5.In winter, additional trains operate directly from Goschenen to Brig on Saturdays and Sundays.6.She looks like any other little girl in her first year at school: a smart uniform, a happy smile anda bag of books.7.While Einstein is supposed to have been so distracted by solving problems that he forgot to put on his socks, Sidis simply did not know how to dress himself properly even by the time he was an adolescent.四句子翻译练习，注意语态转译[第5章](p98)1.She told me that her master had dismissed her.No reason had been assigned; no objection had been made to her conduct. She had been forbidden to appeal to her mistress.2.He was guided in his everyday life by an unshakable conviction that moral values are absolute.3.Not only politeness but reverence is demanded in church..4.I felt uneasy for the whole dayas I was aroused from deep sleep by the ringing of the telephone early in the morning.5.It has been decided that the fund will be distributed to those who need help badly.6.If there is any confusion or misunderstanding in the application, the patent might not be granted or the inventor might not be fully protected.7.Rainbows are formed when sunlight passes through small drops of water in the sky.8.Selenology is founded on the data collected by shuttles.五句子翻译练习，注意定语从句的处理[第七章定语从句]1.Our records show that a large group of young people, about 95% of them boys, are computer freaks who live for nothing but the machine.2.Home workers are people who have made decisions regarding their careers and life-styles.3.I have amassed the first-hand data which serve to prove my argument to be tenable.4.The cook turned pale, and asked the housemaid to shut the door, who asked the tinker, who presented not to hear.5.They also want the park to attract more venture capital, which was introduced in the Park in 2000.6.Through this initiative,3,900 children with disabilities have been successfully integrated into regular schools, where they received personalized support..7.The front garden was a gravel square; four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner, where the y struggle to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main road.8.After dinner,the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.六句子翻译练习，注意长句的分析及翻译[第八章]（取消）七句子翻译练习，注意英汉思维差异对翻译的影响[第11章英汉翻译中语序的调整]1.So in 2003, Mr. Li, the CEO of TCL, met with Charles Dehelly, the CEO of Thomson, to discussa possible alliance between the two television giants.2.As the TCL-Thomson alliance was crumbling, Thomson announced it was acquiring an 8% stake in Konka, another Chinese TV manufacturer, and one of TCL’s major competitors.3. Otto Wagner, the most successful architect in turn-of-the-century Vienna, gained lasting importance as an organizer of large-scale projects.4.Munch’s other, less personal, problem was the cultural provincialism of the Norwegian environment, but this he soon overcame.5.Taut’s pavilion, though apparently without direct issue in the immediate postwar years, was a significant early tribute to the idealistic, utopian strain which was to infect twentieth-century architecture, not always with the happiest practical results.6.He was really the first European artist who was able to make the claim that his art and his life were essentially indivisible(it had only been made previously by certain Chinese and Japanese scholar-painters ).7.Time magazine of June 17,1996 devoted a great deal of its issue to discussing people who are the most influential in the country in their opinions.8.But though they do not pose, those quiet places, yet it is through them that the deep, main current of English life has flowed.9.It was a banquet in London in honour of one of the two or three conspicuously illustrious English military names of this generation.10.We carry the dead generations within us and pass them on to the future aboard our children; this keeps the people of the past alive long after we have taken them to the churchyard.八句子翻译练习，注意中英文化差异在翻译中的具体处理[见第十二章英汉文化差异与翻译]1.There are no birds of this year in last year’s nest.2.I was not Pygmalion, I was Frankenstein.3.Prevention is better than cure, so you’d better have your carserviced before you start on such a long journey.4.He is supposed to be a reformed character, but I would not rely on that too much for I don’t believe a leopard can change his spots.5.He has a large family, and is poor as a church mouse.6.It is easy to be wise after the event.7.There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in his nature.8.It is suggested that the damaged items should be replaced within 15 days after your receipt of the said items.九篇章翻译练习（P283－P294只考篇章练习中的3、4、6、7篇章P285-287，P288-289）。

2012年中南大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．UNESCO正确答案：联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization)2．APEC正确答案：亚太经合组织(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)3．UPU正确答案：万国邮政联盟(Universal Postal Union)4．ASEAN正确答案：东南亚国家联盟(Association of South east Asian Nations)5．WIPO正确答案：世界知识产权组织(World Intellectual Property Organization)6．UNCF正确答案：联合国儿童基金(United Nations Children’s Fund)7．OPEC正确答案：石油输出国组织(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)8．GNP正确答案：国民生产总值(Gross National Product)9．NGO正确答案：非政府组织(Non—Governmental Organization) 10．quantitative easing monetary policy正确答案：量化宽松货币政策11．securities margin trading正确答案：证券信用交易12．disaster preparedness正确答案：防灾准备13．credit risk正确答案：信用风险14．structural and imported inflation正确答案：结构性、输入性物价上涨15．haphazard investment正确答案：盲目投资汉译英16．朝阳产业正确答案：emerging industry17．风险防范机制正确答案：risk prevention mechanism18．最低生活保障制度正确答案：minimum living standard security system 19．千人计划正确答案：Thousand Talents Program20．生态移民正确答案：ecological immigration21．物联网正确答案：Internet of things22．节能减排正确答案：energy conservation and emission reduction 23．探月工程正确答案：China’s Lunar Exploration Project24．胶囊公寓正确答案：capsule apartment25．阶梯计价正确答案：differential pricing26．农产品流通体系正确答案：circulation system of agricultural product 27．载人航天正确答案：manned space flight28．放宽市场准入正确答案：ease market access29．保税区正确答案：bonded area30．文明联盟正确答案：Alliance of Civilizations英汉互译英译汉31．It is becoming clear that a whole range of phenomena are transmitted through networks of friends in ways that are not entirely understood: happiness and depression, obesity, drinking and smoking habits, ill-health, the inclination to turn out and vote in elections, a taste for certain music or food, a preference for online privacy, even the tendency to attempt or think about suicide. They ripple through networks “like pebbles thrown into a pond,” says Nicholas Christakis, a medical sociologist at Harvard Medical School in Boston, who has pioneered much of the new work.At first sight, the idea that we can catch the moods, habits and state of health not only of those a-round us, but also those we do not even know seems alarming. It implies that rather than being in charge of where we are going in life, we are little more than back-seat drivers, since most social influence operates at a subconscious level. But we need not be alarmed, says Duncan Watts, a sociologist at Columbia University, New York. “Social influence is mostly a good thing. We should embrace the fact that we’re inherently social creatures and that much of who we are and what we do is determined by forces that are outside the little circle we draw around ourselves. “ What’s more, by being aware of the effects of social contagion we may be able to find ways to counter it, or use it to our benefit. “ There’s no doubt people can have some control over their networks and that this in turn can affect their lives,” says Christakis.To get an idea of what is going on, take Christakis’findings on the spread of happiness, which were published last month. His team looked at a network of several thousand friends, relatives, neighbors and work colleagues. They found that happy people tend to be clustered together, not because they naturally orientate towards each other, but because of the way happiness spreads through social contact over time, regardless of people’s conscious choice of friends.正确答案：人们越来越清晰地认识到，一系列现象以令人捉摸不透的方式在社交圈内出现：快乐和忧郁、肥胖症、饮酒和抽烟的习惯、不健康的身体状况、参加竞选投票的倾向、对某种音乐或食物的喜好、对网上隐私的偏好，甚至尝试或考虑自杀的倾向都是可以传染的。

第1章词汇翻译一、翻译下面的句子，注意所选用词的感情色彩。

1.①As luck would have it,no one was in the building when the explosion occurred.②As luck would have it,there was rain on the day of the picnic.【译文】①幸运的是，爆炸发生时，没人在建筑物里。

②不凑巧的是，野餐那天下雨了。

2.①One player in particular deserves a mention.②He deserves to be locked up forever for what he did.【译文】①一名运动员特别值得表扬。

②他做了这样的事，活该终身监禁。

3.①Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it.②That athlete tried to relive his glory days.【译文】①凡是忘掉过去的人注定要重蹈覆辙。

②那运动员试图重温他的光辉岁月。

4.①The bell is not working.②Your idea won’t work in practice.③Professor White is at work on a new book.【译文】①铃不响了。

②你的想法实际上行不通。

③怀特教授正在写一本新书。

5.①Our plan succeeded.②The underwriter realizes this and certainly does not set out to make lifedifficult for his agency colleagues.However,he has a job to do.Part of that job is to ensure that people who attempt to buy policies because they expect to “die”soon do not succeed in fooling him and his company.【译文】①我们的计划成功了。

第2章翻译的理解篇2.1 复习笔记一、理解与词汇研究（一）词汇理解翻译不当的原因：英语一词多义与翻译中的望文生义因为词是构筑词组、句子、段落和篇章最基本最具体的单位。

翻译中的错误，大多表现在词语方面。

一词多义可概括成以下几个方面：（1）专有名词先天性歧义；（2）普通词语先天性歧义；（3）普通词语结合后产生新义；（4）普通词语与专业术语的词义混淆。

导致望文生义的主要原因是疏忽大意，未能根据上下文语境正确选择词义。

导致望文生义的主要原因是疏忽大意，未能根据上下文语境正确选择词义。

（二）专有名词先天性歧义英语专有名词，尤其是地名专有名词，在不同语境和历史环境下意义不同。

例：The first permanent Anglo-American settlement was established in 1821.【译文】第一个永久英裔美洲人定居点建立于1821年。

【评析】Anglo-American可解作“英裔美洲人”或“英裔美国人”，根据上下文和历史背景分析可知，德克萨斯1821年成为开发地，直到1845年才加入联邦，成为美国第28州。

因此，“英裔美国人”是1845年以后的事。

（三）普通词语先天性歧义原因：普通词语的先天性歧义主要是因为词语的一词多义。

普通词语的多义性主要来自于下面几个方面：1. 原始意义与引申意义；2. 普遍意义与特殊意义；3. 抽象意义与具体意义；4. 字面意义与比喻意义。

例：Maurice Sendak, US artist, best known for his illustrations of children's books...【译文】莫里斯·森达克，美国画家，以在儿童书籍中画插图最为出名。

【评析】“artist”一词来自“art”，而艺术一词泛指绘画、雕塑、音乐、舞蹈、文学等，它还指技术、技艺、技巧等。

在本例句中，根据对莫里斯·森达克以及上下文的认识，用“美术家”或“画家”更为准确。

2012同等学力全国统一考试英语英译汉技巧A节、英译汉一、翻译步骤第一步快速理解文章大意第二步理解分拆长句第三步、直译切分意群第四步、润色、调序、成文二、翻译基本技巧英译汉所有技巧都建立在对原文准确理解的基础上，最终取决于汉语语言能力，表现为语感。

译文只要准确了，就要在表达方式上符合汉语的习惯，因此不管是增删、反译、还是未在此列出的词性转换等都可以凭借汉语的语感完成。

一切以忠实于原文，汉语通顺为准则。

1、增补法2、删减法3、反译法4、被动主动互换（一）几种常考的比较和否定句式的翻译方法(注意more代表比较级，不一定出现more这个字)1、no more…than翻译成汉语“和……一样不”。

逻辑上是双否定。

He is no more intelligent or diligent than I. 他和我一样既不聪明也不勤奋。

2、not so much...as... 翻译成“与其说……，不如说……”。

They succeeded not so much because of their family background as their own efforts.他们成功与其说是其家庭背景，不如说是自己的努力。

3、nothing more than形式上的比较级，常翻成实际的最高级。

In the morning, he loves nothing better than to have a cup of coffee at breakfast.早晨，他最喜欢早餐的时候喝一杯咖啡。

4. can never/not be too +形容词，翻成越…越…，或无论怎么…都不为过。

One can never be too calm when faced with an emergency.遇到紧急情况时，人越镇静越好。

No woman can be too rich or too thin. （这个变体如何理解？）5. The last，表示全否定。