观察过程
1.什么是观察法?——例子
观察法——最古老的收集资料的方法,社会学、心理学、人类学大量运用 一些例子:
抓周:嘴衔五彩晶莹玉诞生的宝玉周岁抓周:政老爷试他将来的执行,便将 世上所有的东西摆了无数叫他抓。谁知他一概不取,身手只把些脂粉钗环抓来 玩弄。那政老爷便不喜欢,说将来不过酒色之徒,因此不甚爱惜。
2.观察法的类型:直接观察v.s.间接观察
2.3直接观察与间接观察Direct Versus Indirect Observation 直接观察是指观察员直接或利用仪器对被观察对象进行观察; 间接观察是指通过一定的途径、观察事物发生变化后的痕迹——痕迹观察法;以 间接的材料反映调查对象的状况和特征。“What is said is very often different from what is actually done.” Garbologists: Researchers who sort through people’s garbage to analyze household consumption patterns
But experience learns that after the initial period people go back to what they were doing. The majority of people are too busy to keeprcher is present.
Disguised observation: the process of monitoring people, objects, or occurrences that don not know they are being watched.当人、物体的行为会受 观察影响且其改变会污染数据时,适宜采取隐蔽观察法。 A common form of disguised observation is the “mystery shoppers ”