视译训练材料1

视译―――顺句驱动口译是一项注重意义传递而非仅仅文字翻译的跨文化交际服务活动，其核心在于摆脱语言结构的束缚，“脱离语一言外壳”。

尤其在两种结构差异大的语言之间进行翻译更要抓住深层含义，不惜调整原文结构顺序以求译文符合受众语一言理解的习惯。

但是在视译和同声翻译中进行顺译时译员因受到语言结构差异的干扰，不得不按照句子成分出现的顺序进行断句并整合。

断句指的是不等听完整个句子，甚至才听到几个字就开始说出译文，如同把句子切开，按照听到的顺序，分段处理。

这与笔译原则大相径庭。

口译实战中应尽量争取依照原文的语序口译，以减轻译员压力。

要做到这一点，就需要断句，而断句靠变通，包括词性和句式的变通。

视译多用于法庭口译，也常用作训练同声翻译前的初阶练习，目的旨在使学生学会断句并迅速反应，提高口头表达能力。

视译分视阅口译（sight interpreting with text）和视听口译(sight interpreting with text while listening )。

视阅口译也就是边看边译（但还有准备和无准备区分）。

后者指带稿同传。

视阅口译融阅读理解、断句、记忆、口头翻译等技能于一体，要做到合理分配注意力不是一件容易的事。

边读边译需要译者按照出现的先后把句子切成小段（断句），先阅读到的内容先译，同时迅速转向下一个视幅（eye span），所及的部分，在口译时还需注意目标语的联惯性（coherence）和可接受性(acceptability)，也就是灵活整合。

尽管视译和交替传译的信息摄入渠道不同，但是经过视译训练强化的断句和灵活整合技能有助于提高本科生将复杂的句子“化繁为简”的能力，视译训练还有利于培养学生根据意义单位，进行逻辑分析和准确抓大意的能力，以及熟悉各种体裁模式进而进行预测的能力，最终改善口译表达能力，提高口译效率和质量。

I. Principles for singt interpretation1. Syntactic Linearity 顺句驱动为了避免语言结构重大调整对人脑认知负荷的影响，口译员常常是在总体上依照英文的行文次序，把整个句子切分成意群单位或信息单位，再使用连接词把这些单位连接起来，译出整体意思。

Sight-S-0011.In a few minutes the Secretary of State will give us a report on the latest developments in theMiddle East and his efforts for an international peace conference.2.We expect the recent initiative will have a positive impact on the world economy, particularlythe economies of the developing countries and least developed countries.3.The faculty assembly supports a gradual reduction of the administration costs of the school.4.On behalf of my delegation, I would like to congratulate you on your election to thepresidency of the conference.5.Our success is an excellent example of the effective cooperation carried out among differentdepartments.6.I hope this incident will not pose any obstacle to their membership in the organization.7.They reaffirmed their countries commitment to the conclusion as soon as possible of aninternational treaty to achieve a comprehensive ban on nuclear test explosions.8.They agreed that nuclear weapons on the Korean Peninsula would represent a grave threat toregional and international security, and decided that their countries would consult with each other on ways to eliminate this danger.9.In addition, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Belarus will receive compensation for the value of theHEU in warheads transferred to Russia.10.We urgently request that the search for solutions to the economic crisis of the third world ingeneral, and of Africa in particular, should mobilize all the intellectual and moral resources required and take into account all aspects of the problem, without forgetting or overlooking the social aspects, for its people, more than sates, that must remain the major beneficiaries of the remedial measures to be advocated.以上10个句子皆属于词性转换的例子，都是把英文的动意转化为中文的动词。

视译材料中常用到的经济类话题举例1 Fiat seems bent on world domination of the car industry. But these days that cannot be achieved without a production presence in China, which has suddenly found itself catapulted into the position of the world's largest vehicle market by the blood bath in the US car market.菲亚特似乎有意主宰全球汽车工业.但如今, 如果在中国没有生产业务, 这一点也无法实现. 随着美国汽车市场哀鸿遍野,中国突然发现自己已晋升为全球最大的汽车市场.2 So now comes news that the Italian car company is talking to one of Beijing's favourite Chinese carmakers, Guangzhou Automobile, about a production joint venture. This would get Fiat back into China, after the joint venture with Nanjing Auto fell apart in 2007.所以,现在有新闻报道,这个意大利汽车公司正与北京最热门的国产汽车制造商之一---广汽,商谈组建合资生产企业.这将带领菲亚特重回中国市场. 此前,该公司与与南京汽车的合资企业于07年解体.3 Fiat is not talking about its plans for China, the only current bright spot in the world car industry. But Guangzhou Auto yesterday confirmed to the Financial Times that it is talking to Fiat about technical co-operation that “would not exclude the possibility of forming a joint ve nture”. The outlines of a potential deal are there for all to see on the website of the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection, which posted a notice in March that Fiat and Guangzhou Auto are discussing a Rmb4.27bn ($626m) joint venture. The official Shanghai Securities News says the venture could be approved within weeks and would produce 140,000 vehicles and 220,000 engines annually from 2011.菲亚特并没有谈及其在中国的计划. 中国是目前全球汽车工业唯一一个亮点.但昨天, 广汽已向<<金融时报>>证实,目前它正与菲商谈技术合作事宜. 该技术合作将不排除组建合资公司的可能性. 中国环保局网站里公布了一个潜在合作意向的大纲, 并于三月份发布了一份公告,称菲和广汽正讨论设立一家总投资为人民币42.7亿元人民币（合6.26亿美元）的合资企业。

2015-2016 口译课期末考试中译英视译材料1、Shanghai Disney Resort A很久以前,华特迪士尼公司创始人华特迪士尼先生梦想建造出比普通游乐园更激动人心的场所。

“那时两个女儿还小,一般星期六就是父亲日,我会带她们去坐旋转木马,到处玩耍。

我坐在旁边瞧时,突然有个想法,我觉得应该建造一个能让父母与子女共度欢乐时光的场所。

最终这个想法促成了迪士尼乐园的诞生。

”Once upon a time, Walt Disney-the founder of the Walt Disney Company-dreamed about building something much more exciting than a standard amusement park、“At that time, my two daughters were very young and Saturday was always daddy's day、So I'd take them to the merry-go-round and different places to play、As I sit while they rode the merry-go-round, I suddenly had an idea and I felt that there should be something built where parents and children could have fun together、And eventually this idea contributed to the birth of the Disneyland、”2、Shanghai Disney Resort B如今,上海迪士尼度假区以新颖特别的方式延续着这种精神,打造了全新的主题园区以及众多独一无二的游乐项目与体验,包括全球迪士尼主题乐园中最大的城堡。

视译练习素材Secretary-General’s Message on World Population DayNew York, 11 July 2012The world‘s population has more than tripled since the United Nations was created in 1945, and keeps growing. With more than 7 billion people now inhabiting the planet, we face ever greater demands on shared resources and significant challenges to the achievement of internationally agreed development goals.Multiple crises –food, fuel and financial –have caused significant suffering and served as a wake-up call about the need to pay far more attention to the building blocks of sustainable development. Reproductive health is an indispensable part of the sustainable development equation. Women and young people who are in good health, and who have the power and means to make their own decisions about how many children to have -- and when to have them -- are better able to contribute to the development of their societies.Yet only one in three rural women in developing countries receives adequate care during pregnancy. Teenage pregnancies are still commonplace in most parts of the world, often driven by poverty and a lack of education. More than 200 million women and adolescent girls have no access to contraceptives. And voluntary family planning programmes are starved for resources almost everywhere.We can – and must – do better. On this World Population Day, I call for urgent concerted action by Member States to bridge the gap between demand and supply for reproductive health care. Reproductive health and rights are integral to sustainabledevelopment and poverty reduction. Investing in universal access to reproductive health is a crucial investment in healthy societies and a more sustainable future.Want Your Employees To Do More? Give Them LessCorporate leaders say they want employees who take on extra initiative for improving the company, but they do little to foster a culture that empowers and rewards employees for doing so.Recently I came across a survey that tries to explain why employees don't demonstrate more initiative at work. The survey of 675 professionals in the U.S. and Canada defined initiative as taking actions that "make the company better, including bringing up new ideas, suggesting better ways of doing business, and taking high levels of effort to improve the organization's services." The study, conducted by Dr. John Izzo (author of Stepping Up: How Taking Responsibility Changes Everything) and his publisher Berrett-Koehler, offered seven possible reasons why employees don't "step up" at work and asked respondents to select the two that best described why they don't take more initiative.The number one reason, cited by 64 percent of survey respondents: Leaders don't seek their input when making decisions, so employees don't offer their ideas.The second most popular reason, cited by nearly 40 percent of workers: Employees don't suggest ways to improve the business because leaders dismiss their ideas.One in four respondents (26 percent) noted that they don't take more initiative because they don't get rewarded or recognized for doing so.I have a couple of theories as to why employees don't takemore initiative at work: When they do, their bosses take all the credit. More importantly, they simply don't have time. They're too busy doing their job, plus the job of one or two colleagues who were laid off during the recession and never replaced, to tell their boss, "I've got an idea that will make our workflow more efficient and make everyone's work days easier and more productive."Overworked employees pose significant problems to businesses, and not having enough time to generate and share their bold ideas for stiff-arming the competition is just one of them. When workloads get too ambitious, employees make mistakes. Quality and service suffer, and the law of diminishing returns catches up to corporate greed. The many employers that have decided, in the interest of reducing costs to prop up corporate profits, not to hire more workers because existing employees are so productive will soon understand what I'm talking about.Overworked employees also suffer from low morale. When employees race through their workdays juggling an inordinate (and increasing) number of responsibilities because their employer won't hire someone to take on the extra work, their resentment grows while their investment in their company's success sinks.Thus, the lessons for leaders who want to get more out of their employees are clear: 1Ask employees for feedback when making decisions.2Don't dismiss their ideas.3Reward them for sharing game-changing ideas and for taking on more work.Most importantly, leaders can get their workers to do more (and more of the important stuff) by giving them less to do. Hirepeople, whether contractors or full-time staff, to relieve your most valuable employees of some of the extra work they took on during the recession. Give them time to generate, share and implement their new ideas.打盹的好处打盹，常常被认为是一个奢侈的嗜好，或者是躲懒的方式。

·参考译文视译（一）一、Chinese-English Interpretation1. It is a great pleasure to join you all today to celebrate the 54th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China.2. For many years we have made great efforts to control city air pollution, garbage pollution, noise pollution and the population and the population explosion.3. To reform and open up to the outside world is the basic national policy of China for the development of its economy and its contemporary culture as well.4. There are 1,132 television channels and 100 million cable subscribers from all over the country.5. When you walk around this garden city, you will find her so much impressive for her modern styles, appeal and panorama of views.6. Large commercial buildings, small commodities markets and a series of supermarkets, convenience shops, fine selection stores, clothing street, electric appliance street and arts-crafts street are scattered in Shenzhen, which collect the famous, superior, special and new commodities from China and abroad.7. China is a country with an age-old history, a brilliant civilization, and magnificent landscapes.8. Y ao was probably born with basketball in his genes. His parents were both Chinese National Team players. His father Y ao Zhi Y uan stands 6 feet 7 and his mother Fang Feng Di stands 6 feet 3.9. It was at the 11th EAGA Council Meeting held in Guam in March 1996 that Macao was awarded the right and honor to host the 4th East Asian Games, marking an important milestone in the sporting history of Macao.10. As far as the international cooperation is concerned, China has been cooperating with WHO, other international organizations, regional organizations, some African countries and developed countries in the area of prevention and treatment of AIDS.11. Shadow boxing is practiced not only in China but all over the world for its health benefits of developing strength and flexibility with its slow, graceful movements.12. Kunqu opera deserves to be called the father and mentor of all drama styles, with its high artistic and academic values.13. The Chinese people have set an ambitious goal of building China into a prosperous, democratic and civilized socialist country that will enjoy modernization by the middle of this century, and they are striving for the great renaissance of the Chinese nation.14. E-business in the chemical industry is coming of age. E-business is making us more effective and competitive –it’s making us rethink how we work with customers and each other.15. One of the main reasons for the gap between developing and developed countries in infor mation technologies is the lack of knowledge and human resources.16. For our needs and experiences, our cooperation will be first of all in the areas of trade, communications, agriculture, information and energy, and then expanded into other fields.17. We will energetically carry out our “going global” strategy, encouraging more Chinese firms of multiple ownerships to operate globally.18. As many people might already know, managing conflict in public or open meetings is largely avoided in China. In Asia the loss of face is a major taboo. Losing face is viewed as something quite shameful.19. China’s four great inventions of paper making, gunpowder, printing and compass had once changed the face of the world.20. Going beyond differences in social system, ideology and religious belief, we have succeeded in implementing the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, thus setting an example of good-neighborly friendship, mutual trust and mutually benefic ial cooperation.二、English-Chinese Interpretation1．在充满战争武器，而且往往充满战争言论的世界中，诺贝尔委员会已成为极其重要的和平推动者。

视译材料[五篇范文]第一篇：视译材料尊敬的奇普曼所长，尊敬的里布利特所长，尊敬的白尔雅阁下，女士们，先生们，朋友们：大家早晨好！我十分高兴能够到这里来和英国皇家国际事务研究所和国际战略研究所的朋友们会面。

这两个所在世界上都是享有盛誉的，也可以说是顶级的智库，你们中任何一个智库都可以单独举办关于国际、地区、国家任何问题的研讨会。

但是我非常高兴的是，今天两个所联合在一起为我举办一场演讲会。

这说明各位对中国问题的关注，也表明你们的确有着丰富的智慧。

虽然每个人都有独立的思考，合在一起会有思想的碰撞，但是你们联合举办这场报告会，也表明了包容的心态。

我对大家表示钦佩。

包容可以说是人类文明进步的标志。

早在中国古代就有思想家明确地提出“和而不同”，“但和为贵”，不谋而合也就在这个时代，欧洲的先哲们提出了，回望人类历史发展的进程，应该是“和谐会产生正义与善”。

因为英国是最早实现工业化的国家，中国还是一个发展中国家。

当然，中国是一个有着13亿人口，正在推进现代化的国家，你们表示的关注也是对世界能不能包容的发展表示的关注。

但是对中国的看法有这样那样的说法，这也很正常，中国的古诗就说过，“横看成岭侧成峰”，即便是一座大山，你从不同的角度看，得出的会是不同的印象。

我今天力图给大家一个比较完整的印象来认识中国。

当然，中国之大、领土之多，不是短短时间能说明的。

中国30多年来，经过改革开放，特别是人民艰苦卓绝的努力。

我们解决了6亿人的贫困问题，这可以说是世界上公认的事实，让6亿人吃饱饭、穿暖衣，使他们拥有生存权，也使他们变的有尊严。

在这个过程当中，我们所付出的努力也是在开放中实现的，得到了国际社会的支持、帮助，包括在座朋友们的关心，中国是感谢的。

但与此同时我们也看到，中国有13亿人口，13亿人口的目标，坚定的意志是要实现现代化，这将是漫长的道路。

因为现在我们发展还是不平衡的，虽然中国经济总量是世界第二，但我们的人均GDP在80多位以后。

2015-2016 口译课期末考试中译英视译材料1、Shanghai Disney Resort A很久以前,华特迪士尼公司创始人华特迪士尼先生梦想建造出比普通游乐园更激动人心的场所。

“那时两个女儿还小,一般星期六就是父亲日,我会带她们去坐旋转木马,到处玩耍。

我坐在旁边瞧时,突然有个想法,我觉得应该建造一个能让父母与子女共度欢乐时光的场所。

最终这个想法促成了迪士尼乐园的诞生。

”Once upon a time, Walt Disney-the founder of the Walt Disney Company-dreamed about building something much more exciting than a standard amusement park、“At that time, my two daughters were very young and Saturday was always daddy's day、So I'd take them to the merry-go-round and different places to play、As I sit while they rode the merry-go-round, I suddenly had an idea and I felt that there should be something built where parents and children could have fun together、And eventually this idea contributed to the birth of the Disneyland、”2、Shanghai Disney Resort B如今,上海迪士尼度假区以新颖特别的方式延续着这种精神,打造了全新的主题园区以及众多独一无二的游乐项目与体验,包括全球迪士尼主题乐园中最大的城堡。

Secretary-General’s Message for UN Day联合国日致辞New Y ork, 24 October 20112011年10月24日Days from now, the human family will welcome its seven billionth member.再过几天，人类大家庭将迎来第70亿个成员。

Some say our planet is too crowded. I say we are seven billion strong.有人说，我们这个星球过于拥挤。

我说，我们因有70亿之众而强大。

The world has made remarkable progress since the United Nations was born 66 years ago today.自联合国于66年前的今天诞生以来，世界取得了长足的进步。

We are living longer. More of our children survive. More and more of us live at peace, under democratic rule of law.我们活得更长，我们的婴儿存活率提高了，我们有越来越多的人生活在和平、民主与法治之中。

As we have seen in this dramatic year, people everywhere are standing up for their rights and human freedoms.正如我们在这个惊心动魄的一年中所看到的，世界各地的人们都在起来争取他们的权利和人的自由。

And yet, all this progress is under threat. From economic crisis. Rising joblessness and inequality. Climate change.但是，这一切进展都面临着威胁。

视译练习（Sight Translation）Unit OneTask 1你在英语学习上投入很多，也有很好的自制力。

你上课认真听讲，按时完成作业。

可你是否感到你的英语还是不尽人意？甚至有时候感到沮丧，想要放弃？尝试一下张强的学习方法吧，它也许会使你的英语学习大有收获。

不像一些只花时间背单词的学习者，张抓住一切机会练习英语,了解英语文化。

他参加课堂活动，他去校园里的英语角与人用英语交流，他还喜欢看英语影片。

相信我吧，这方法值得一试。

You don’t lack commitment and discipline in English learning. You listen to the teacher carefully in class and hand in your assignments on time. Do you feel your English is still far from what you expect? Do you feel frustrated, even feel like giving up sometimes? Try the learning method of Zhang Qiang. You might reap the benefits of it. Unlike other English learners, spending almost all their time memorizing vocabulary, Zhang gets access to every opportunity to practice his English and gain insights into the English culture. He actively participates in class activities, he communicates with others at English corners, and he likes English movies very much. Trust me, his positive method is well worth trying!Task 2学生社团是大学新生沟通中学生活与大学生活的桥梁。