英汉翻译第十讲练习讲解学习

Lesson10单词讲解1.jazz n.爵士音乐2.musical adj.音乐的3.instrument n.乐器4.clavichord n.古钢琴5.recently adv.最近6.damage v.损坏destroyruinspoil7.key n.琴键key structurekey point8.string n.（乐器的）弦9.shock v.使不悦或生气,震惊surprise10.allow v.允许，让11.touch v.触摸Lesson10课文&语法讲解Key points:被动语态be+done被动语态狗吃了那个蛋糕。

The dog ate the cake.？吃了那个蛋糕。

蛋糕被吃了。

被动语态狗吃了那个蛋糕。

主语宾语蛋糕被狗吃了。

被动语态be+done教室每天都打扫。

Classrooms____________(clean)every day.被动语态be+done被动语态be+done教室每天都打扫。

Classrooms are cleaned(clean)every day.被动语态be+done一座新的大楼去年建造的。

A new building was built(build)last year.被动语态be+done他每天被打。

他昨天被打了。

他明天将要被打。

他现在正在被打。

被动语态be+done 他每天被打。

He is beaten every day.他昨天被打了。

He was beatenyesterday.他明天将要被打。

He will be beatentomorrow.他现在正在被打。

He is being beaten.English is spoken(speak)all over the world. The stadium was built(build)in1998.罗马不是一天建成的。

Rome was not built in a day.人们现在正在被广告所影响。

第10单元 目的句视译 （例句）

〈译评〉 笔译版本是可以接受的，但是显然不够 口语化，带有明显的英文思维印记， 中文听起来有些费解。视译版本简洁、 易懂，意在引导学生拓宽思路。
第10单元 目的句视译 （例句）


5. Books have been written trying to prove that flying saucers come from outer space. 【笔译】 已经写了许多书，企图证明飞碟来自外 层空间。
第10单元 目的句视译 （例段）

2. Zhang Xiaoji, researcher at the State Council’s
张小吉为国务院发展中心研究员，他说：中国 Development Research Center said that the growth
的经济发展情势不容乐观。 situation is severe for China. “It will take a great effort 他警告说：“中国需 for China to avoid hard-landing”, he warned. 付出很大努力才可避免经济硬着陆。”
第10单元 目的句视译 （例篇）


By definition, the purpose of work is to produce some valued end—such as repairing the plumbing or creating a successful trial defense for a client. But extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation are not mutually exclusive. You can work for a valued end while still focusing on and enjoying the process. To the degree that you focus on the process, your work is play. In my employment as an author, writing is a burden if I write for the purpose of just the end—the published piece or the royalties I might earn. When I take that attitude, I find it hard to start. Writing then is toil, not play. In order to make writing play, I must remove my focus from the end, and put it on a shelf in the back of my mind, so that I can focus my attention on the process—the process of generating ideas and crafting phrases with which to express them. I can even convince myself so as not to feel burden of writing that the end doesn’t matter; writing is such fun that it is worth doing even if the piece is never published, and never earns a cent. Ironically, when I succeed in taking this playful attitude, the end result is far better than when I don’t.

2) 刘老师就如何与他人相处给了我两条建议。 Miss Liu gave me ___tw__o__ __p_i_e_c_e_s ___o_f___ _a_d_v_ic_e__ on how to get on with others.
3) 医生建议Alan多运动。 The doctor a_d_v_i_s_e_s/_a_d_v_is_e_d__A_l_a_n___t_o __ta_k_e_/_d_omore exercise.
Language points
1. Can you give me some advice please?
advice相当于汉语“建议；忠告”的意思，是 不可数名词，故不可添加复数词尾-s!表示“一 条建议；一则忠告” 应说a piece of advice或a word of advice。如：
误地). 3) ___M_a_k__e___ ____n_o_____ __m__is_t_a_k_e__(别搞错), Amy is popular
in our school.
himself pron. 他自己 【链接】反身代词
形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成
人称 第一人称 第二人称
第三人称
Joe仍然在生我的气。 Miss Miller was angry at/about my mistakes. Miller小姐因我的错误而生气。
【拓展】 angrily adj. 愤怒地，生气地 anger n. 怒火；怒气 in anger 生气
【语境应用】用正确的介词填空。 1) At first, I felt very angry _a_t/_a_b_o_u_t_ losing my job. 2) Please don’t be angry __w__it_h____ me. It wasn’t my fault

4、Our clavichord is kept in the living room. 我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。
5、It has belonged to our family for a long time. 我们家有这件乐器已经很久了 。 This book is mine /the book belongs to me /It's my personal book / I'm in possession of the book(主语是人） The book is in my possession
★clavichord n. 古钢琴, 不是现代的piano a kind of instrument ★recently adv. 最近 recently=lately
★damage v. 损坏 ① n. 损害，损失，伤害 The storm has done a lot of damage to the village. ② vt. 损害，毁坏，损坏 The car was badly damaged in the accident.
9.She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. 她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。 hit /strike /press /touch the keys 10.My father was shocked. 我父亲大为吃惊。 My father was shock at it I was very shocked at what I saw
2、It is called a clavichord. 被称作古钢琴。 call在这里的意思是“把……称为”、“称 呼”，既可用于主动语态，也可用于被动 语态： E.g. What do you call this? 你们把这称为什么？ E.g. They call him big Tom. 他们叫他“大个子汤姆”。

Cutting/dividing
❖ ⑴汉语长句中若含有反问句、反诘句或感叹句，宜 分译
❖ 盛夏炎日，一走进浙江莫干山的林间小道就汗止心 凉，加上轻风拂煦，浑身有说不出的舒坦，忍不住 要赞叹一声：莫干山，好一个清凉世界！
❖ No matter how hot it is “outside”, once you step onto the trail through the forest on Mogan Mountain in Zhejiang Province, the sweat withdraws from your body. In addition, the breeze refreshes you with a gentle caress. How cool it is!
❖ ② applying the original structure ❖ ③ changing the original structure ❖ the most urgent task: discern its main idea
and the layout of the structure
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the passive. True, passive structures do exist in the
Chinese language, but not so commonly as in English.
Chinese passive structures may be roughly classified into
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❖ The usual methods adopted in translating long Chinese sentences:
❖ ① Cutting/dividing : cutting the long sentence into several sections regardless of the punctuation marks.

Unit 10P1The Information Technology Industry council (ITI) is an elite group of the nation’s top high-tech companies and is widely recognized as tech industry’s most effective lobbying organization in Washington. ITI helps member companies achieve their objectives through building relationships with Members of Congress, Administration officials, and foreign governments; organizing industry-wide consensus on policy issues; and working to enact tech-friendly government policies. ITI works to reduce barriers that stifle innovation, increase access to global markets, promote e-commerce expansion, protect consumer choice, and enhance the global competitiveness of our companies.信息技术产业协会（ITI）是一个国内顶尖高科技公司组成的精英团队，被公认为是业界在华盛顿最有效的游说组织。

ITI协助会员通过与国会议员、行政官员及外国政府建立关系实现公司目标；组织全行业在政策问题上达成共识；制定有利于技术发展的政府政策。

ITI致力于减少阻碍创新的障碍，扩大进入全球市场的机会，促进电子商务的扩展，保护消费者的选择权以及增强会员的全球竞争力。

新概念英语二经典语法讲解Lesson10 New Concept English 新概念经典语法讲解Lesson 10 Not for jazz1．We have an old musical instrument. 我家有件古乐器。

instrument常用的意思是“器械”、“器具”，尤指医疗、机器等方面的。

但它可以用来泛指各种乐器。

2．It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681.被称做古钢琴,是1681年德国造的.（1）call “把？称为”、“称呼” 既可用于主动语态，也可用于被动语态： a. What do you call this? 你们把这称为什么？ b. They call him big Tom. 他们叫他“大个子汤姆”。

(2) make动词经常用于被动语态。

当它与不同的介词搭配时，意义也稍有不同。

? made in可表示产地或时间：a. This bike was made in China. 这辆自行车是中国造的。

b. It was made in 1988. 它生产于1988年。

? made of表示用其中一种材料制成（通常指制造后不改变该材料原来的性质或形状）： a. This chair is made of wood. 这椅子是木制的。

made from表示用数种材料制成，或者是制造后改变了材料原来的性质或形状(看不出原料/多种原料)：a. Paper can be made from wood. 用木材可以造纸。

? made by表示由谁制造：a. This skirt was made by Mary. 这条裙子是玛丽做的。

翻译训练：我的车是美国制造的；顾晗，你不必客气，可以随时用它。

belong为不及物动词，因此不能用于被动语态。

另外，它是一个表示状态的动词，而不是行为动词，所以它也不能用于进行时。

直译的例子：
crocodile tears 鳄鱼的眼泪； armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿； chain reaction 连锁反应； gentlemen’s agreement 君子协定 one country, two systems 一国两制； The three religions and the nine schools of thought 三教九流； paper tiger 纸老虎； go to one’s eternal rest 安息；the long sleep 长眠； see Marx 见马克思；go west 上西天； go to heaven 上天堂；
理解 Comprehension ：comprehend the source text completely
表达 Expression：render the source text into the target language text (a rough translation)
校正 Proofreading：proofread the rough translation & polish
许建平 《英汉互译实践与技巧》清华大学出版社 2006年 郭著章、李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》武汉大学出版社
1996年 张培基 《英汉翻译教程》上海外语教育出版社 1980年 张光明 《英语实用文体翻译》中国科学技术大学出版社
2009年 连淑能 《英汉对比研究》高等教育出版社 1993年 李瑞华 《英汉语言文化对比研究》上海外语教育出版社
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Ⅱ. Nature and Scope of Translation 翻译的性质和范围
英 国 翻 译 教 育 家 Peter Newmark ： “ It is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text. 翻译是按作者的创造意图把一篇文章的意思 用另一种语言描述出来的过程。”

《英汉互译》教案与讲义一、教学目标1. 让学生掌握英汉互译的基本原则和技巧。

2. 提高学生对英汉两种语言的对比分析能力。

3. 培养学生的跨文化交际意识，增强英汉互译的实际应用能力。

二、教学内容1. 英汉互译的基本原则1.1 忠实于原文1.2 保持原文的风格和语气1.3 符合目标语言的表达习惯2. 英汉互译的技巧2.1 词汇翻译2.2 语法翻译2.3 结构翻译2.4 文化背景翻译3. 英汉两种语言的对比分析3.1 词汇差异3.2 语法差异3.3 表达习惯差异三、教学过程1. 导入：通过一个简单的英汉互译实例，引发学生对英汉互译的兴趣。

2. 讲解：讲解英汉互译的基本原则和技巧，并通过实例进行分析。

3. 对比分析：分析英汉两种语言的差异，并讲解如何在翻译过程中进行调整。

4. 练习：布置适量的英汉互译练习题，让学生进行实践操作。

四、教学方法1. 讲授法：讲解英汉互译的基本原则、技巧和语言差异。

2. 案例分析法：通过实例分析，让学生理解和掌握英汉互译的方法。

3. 练习法：让学生通过实际操作，提高英汉互译的能力。

五、教学评价1. 课堂参与度：观察学生在课堂上的积极参与情况和提问回答。

2. 练习完成情况：检查学生完成的英汉互译练习质量和数量。

3. 课后反馈：收集学生的课后反馈，了解他们对英汉互译的认识和困惑。

六、教学资源1. 教材：《英汉互译教程》2. 辅助材料：英汉互译案例集、多媒体课件3. 网络资源：相关英汉互译的在线资料和论坛七、教学环境1. 教室：宽敞、安静，有利于学生集中注意力2. 设备：投影仪、计算机、音响等教学设备八、教学进度安排1. 第一课时：介绍英汉互译的基本原则和技巧2. 第二课时：分析英汉两种语言的差异3. 第三课时：讲解英汉互译的实践操作4. 第四课时：布置练习题，进行课堂练习九、课后作业1. 复习本节课的内容，整理笔记2. 完成布置的英汉互译练习题3. 收集英汉互译相关的资料，进行自主学习十、教学反思2. 对学生的反馈进行整理，针对存在的问题进行调整教学策略3. 不断更新教学资源，提高自身教学水平，以更好地为学生服务重点和难点解析一、教学目标难点解析：跨文化交际意识的培养和实际应用能力的提升。

Unit10You'resupposedtoshakehands原文与翻译初中生学习英语要注意多听，将上课本录音下载下来，课前课后要反复练习听力，不能只停留在课上听的那十几分钟上。

下面是小偏整理的Unit10You'resupposedtoshakehands原文与翻译，感谢您的每一次阅读。

Unit10You'resupposedtoshakehands原文与翻译SectionA1bListenandcheckyouranswersin1a.Yoshi:Whatarepeoplesupposedtodowhentheymeetinyourco untry,Rodrigo?Rodrigo:Doyoumeanwhenpeoplemeetforthefirsttime?Yoshi:Yeah.Rodrigo:InMexico,weshakehands.Yoshi:WhataboutinBrazil,Celia?Celia:Well,inBrazil,peoplesometimeskiss.HowaboutinJapan,Y oshi?Whatarepeopleexpectedtodowhentheymeetforthefirsttime?Yoshi:Webow.Kim:AndinKoreawealsobow.Mike:Well,IguessinmostWesterncountriesweshakehands.SectionA2astnightshehaddinneratanAmer icanfriend’shouse.Listenandcheck(√)themistakesMariamade.Daisy:Hi,Maria.HowwasPaul’sparty?Maria:Oh,Daisy,itwasterrible.Daisy:Itwas?Maria:Uh-huh.Daisy:Whathappened?Maria:Well,Iwassupposedtoarriveat7:00,butIarrivedat8:00.Daisy:Oh,soyouwerelate.Maria:Yeah,butinmycountry,it’sdifferent.Whenyou’reinvit edfor7:00,you’reexpectedtocomelater!It’sconsideredstranget oturnupontime.Daisy:Isee.Maria:ThenwhenImetPaul’smom,Ikissedher.Daisy:Oh…youweresupposedtoshakehandsinstead.Maria:That’sright.AndIworeafanc ydress.Daisy:What’swrongwiththat?Maria:Well,itturnedoutthatitwasanoutdoorparty,Daisy.Every oneelsewasinaT-shirtandjeans.Daisy:Iguessnexttimeyoushouldaskwhatyou’resupposedto wear.SectionA2bListenagain.Fillintheblanks.Daisy:Hi,Maria.HowwasPaul’sparty?Maria:Oh,Daisy,itwasterrible.Daisy:Itwas?Maria:Uh-huh.Daisy:Whathappened?Maria:Well,Iwassupposedtoarriveat7:00,butIarrivedat8:00.Daisy:Oh,soyouwerelate.Maria:Yeah,butinmycountry,it’sdifferent.Whenyou’reinvit edfor7:00,you’reexpectedtocomelater!It’sconsi deredstranget oturnupontime.Daisy:Isee.Maria:ThenwhenImetPaul’smom,Ikissedher.Daisy:Oh…youweresupposedtoshakehandsinstead.Maria:That’sright.AndIworeafancydress.Daisy:What’swrongwiththat?Maria:Well,itturnedoutthatitwasanoutdoorparty,Daisy.EveryoneelsewasinaT-shirtandjeans.Daisy:Iguessnexttimeyoushouldaskwhatyou’resupposedto wear.SectionA2dRoleplaytheconversation.Howwasthewelcomepartyforforeignstudentslastnight?Great!Imadesomenewfriends.Butafunnythinghappened.What?ImetaJapaneseboycalledSato,andassoonasIheldoutmyhand, hebowed.That'showpeopleinJapanareexpectedtogreeteachother.It'sim politeifyoudon'tbow.Ididn'tknowthat.SoIjuststoodtherewithmyhandout.Finally,Ire turnedthebow.IrememberwhenlfirstmetMarielastyear,Ididthesamething.Ihe ldoutmyhandandtomysurprise,shekissedmeonbothsidesofmyfac e!Iwouldn'tmindthat!terlfoundoutFrenchpeoplearesupposedtokissw hentheyseeeachother.SectionA3aReadthefollowingopinionsofaColombianandaSwissstudent.I nwhichcountryisitOKtobe15minuteslatefordinner?TeresaLopezCall.ColomblaWhereI’mfrom,we’reprettyrelaxedabouttime.Wedon’tlik etorusharound,sowedon’tmindifpeoplearealittlelatesometimes.Ifyoutellafriendyou’regoingtotheirhousefordinner,it’sOKif youarriveabitlate.Weliketoenjoyourtimeslowly.Wevaluethetimew espendwithourfamilyandfriendsinoureverydaylives.Weoftenjustdropbyourfriendshomesifwehavetime.Wedon’tusuallyhavetomakeplanstomeetourfriends.Whenweseeeachoth er,it’spoliteforboystoshakehandsandforgirlstokisseachotheront hesideoftheface.Weoftenjustwalkaroundthetowncenter,seeingasmanyofourfr iendsaswecan!Marcleblanclausanne.SwitzerlandInSwitzerland,it’sveryimportanttobeontime.We’rethecapi talofclocksandwatches,afterall!Ifsomeoneinvitesyoutomeethimo rheratnoon,thenyou’reexpectedtobethereatnoon.Ifyou’reeven15minuteslate,y ourfriendmaygetmad.SoImake anefforttobeontimewhenImeetmyfriends.Ialwaysleavethehousee arlytoavoidheavytrafficbecauseIthinkit’simpolitetokeepothersw aiting.Also,wenevervisitafriend’shousewithoutcallingfirst.Wealmo stalwaysmakeplanstoseefriends.Weusuallyplantodosomethingin teresting,orgosomewheretogether.SectionB1bSteveisgoingtoChinatostudy.HisfriendYangMingistellinghim aboutthetablemannersinChina.Listenandnumberthepicturesinth eorderyouhearthem.YangMing:YoumustbeexcitedaboutleavingforChinatomorro w,Steve!Steve:Yeah,butI’malittlenervous,too.YangMing:Why?Steve:Well,foronething,Idon’tknowhowtousechopsticksver ywell…andIdon’tknowhowtobehaveatthedinnertable.YangMing:Oh,Isee.Well,oneimportantthingisthatyou’renots upposedtostarteatingfirstifthereareolderpeopleatthetable.Steve:That’sinteresting.IntheUnitedStates,itdoesn’tmatter.YangMing:Yeah,Iknow.It’salsoimpolitetostickyourchopsticksintoyourfood.Youshouldn’tpointatanyonewithyourchopsticks, either.Steve:Oh,OK.YangMing:Oh,andthere’sonemorethingyouneedtoknow.Yo u’renotsupposedtotalkwhenyou’reeatingdinner.Onlyparentsa reexpectedtotalkatthedinnertable.Childrenarenotallowedtospea k.Steve:Wow!That’s…that’sunusual!YangMing:Haha,I’mjustkidding!SectionB1cListenagain.Matchthesesentenceparts.YangMing:YoumustbeexcitedaboutleavingforChinatomorro w,Steve!Steve:Yeah,butI’malittlenervous,too.YangMing:Why?Steve:Well,foronething,Idon’tknowhowtousechopsticksver ywell…andIdon’tknowhowtobehaveatthedinnertable.YangMing:Oh,Isee.Well,oneimportantthingisthatyou’renots upposedtostarteatingfirstifthereareolderpeopleatthetable.Steve:That’sinteresting.IntheUnitedStates,itdoesn’tmatter.YangMing:Yeah,Iknow.It’salsoimpolitetostickyourchopstick sintoyourfood.Youshouldn’tpo intatanyonewithyourchopsticks, either.Steve:Oh,OK.YangMing:Oh,andthere’sonemorethingyouneedtoknow.Yo u’renotsupposedtotalkwhenyou’reeatingdinner.Onlyparentsa reexpectedtotalkatthedinnertable.Childrenarenotallowedtospea k.Steve:Wow!That’s…that’sunusual!Yang Ming:Haha,I’mjustkidding!Readtheletterandanswerthequestions.DearLaura,Thanksforyourmessage.Yes,I’mhavingagreattimeonmystudentexchangeprograminFrance.IwasabitnervousbeforeIar rivedhere,buttherewasnoreasontobe.Myhostfamilyisreallynice.Th eygooutoftheirwaytomakemefeelathome.Thegrandmotherknow sthatImissChinesefoodalot.SosheactuallylearnedhowtomakeChi nesefood!Shealsohasateenagegranddaughteraboutmyagewhois reallykind.ShealwaystalkstomeinFrenchtohelpmepractice.Youwo uldn’tbelievehowquicklymyFrenchhasimprovedbecauseofthat.I’mverycomfortablespeakingFrenchnow.AlthoughIstillmak elotsofmistakes,itdoesn’tworrymeasitusedto.Mybiggestchallengeislearninghowtobehaveatthedinnertabl e.Asyoucanimagine,thingsareverydifferentfromthewaytheyareat home.Forexample,you’renotsupposedtoputyourbreadonyourpl ate.You’resupposedtoputitonthetable!Ithoughtthatwasprettyst rangeatfirst,butnowI’musedtoit.Anotherexampl eisthatyou’renotsupposedtoeatanythingwit hyourhandsexceptbread,notevenfruit.Youhavetocutitupandeatit withafolk.Anotherthingisthatitisimpolitetosayyou’refull.Ifyoudo n’twantanymorefood,youshouldjustsay,“Thatwasdelicious.”Al so,you’renotsupposedtoputyourelbowson thetable.Ihavetosayt hatIfinditdifficulttoremembereverything,butI’mgraduallygettingusedtoit.Idon’tfindFrenchcustoms sostrangeanymore,I’llwriteagainsoonandtellyoumoreaboutmylifeinFrance.Hopeyou’rehavingagoodschoolyear.Yours,LinYue翻译：凯蒂：昨晚为留学生举办的欢迎派对怎么样?约翰：真棒!我交了一些新朋友，不过发生了一件很有趣的事情。

新编英语语法教程第10讲练习参考答案新编英语语法教程第10讲练习参考答案Ex, 10A1.Don’t speak loudly. The children are sleeping.2.Don’t disturb me. I’m thinking.3.The chidlren were jumping to keep warm.4.The woman got mad. She was hitting her head against the wall.5.Old Tom knows Russian, but he can’t speak it well.6.I hope she likes these reses.7.Halleck resembles his father very much in disposition and appearance.8.This material feels soft.9.I believe we will certainly achieve success.10.Lsat night we dined at a Thai restaurant. These almost all the dishes taste hot.11.In grammar, English differs greatly from Spanish/12.This bus can hold 40 people.13.This rule applies to all the tourists.14.They were talking about pollution of the environment.15.Spring is here. The treetops are turning green.16.The economic situation there has changed from bad to worse.17.I’m getting old. I can’t walk such a long distance.18.This trunk weighs 50 kilos.19.Surely you are imagining things.20.I am not feeling (I don’t feel) very tired.Ex. 10B2. called off3. carry out4. catch up with5. came round / to6. cutting down7. looked into8. held up9. turn up 10. Keep off 11. Knocked him out 12. let you off13. leave out 14.mix up 15. bring up 16. blew it up 17. Look out 18. put off 19. look on 20. put up 21. running into 22. run up against 23. sold out 24. send for / call in 25. taking…in 26. turned down 27. turned out 28. work out 29. wound up 30. took on, worn out, give…upEx. 10C1.This case is being looked into by the police.2.Before long the children had taken to their ner teacher.3.We can’t rely on other countries to help us tide over the difficulty.4.The First World War broke out in 1914.5.When she came to, she found herself lying in a hospital.6.He was not really feeling sad. He was just putting on.7.Some new problems cropped up at the last minute.8.As most members were absent, the meeting had to be called off.9.Can you figure out a way to solve this problem?10.When he was criticized, he flared up.11.Don’t be taken in.12.I got very angry that he should come out with that rude remark.13.You must work hand, or you won’t be able to keep up with the rest of the class.14.Sophie is going to take a day off tomorrow; I must fill in for her.15.We are going to bring up this question at the next meeting.16.I’m going to forward to meeting you in Shanghai.17.We all look up to Doctor Lin, because she serves herpatients selflessly.18.He worked in the United States for three years, and he made the most of the opportunity toimprove his English.19.She was so lazy that she made a mess of her room.20.This is a used car; it has changed hands several times.Ex. 10D1. finding2. occurred3. waiting4. studied5. stood6. read7. read8. decided9. satisfy 10. carried 11. colored 12. taste 13. watching 14. slipped 15. took 16. found 17. was 18. ran 19. shouted 20. drank 21. tasted 22. was 23. learned 24. to question。

I. 原文(Source Text)灰尘的旅行(一)灰尘是地球上永不疲倦的旅行者，它随着空气而飘流，可以说是无孔不入。

我们周围的空间，从室内到室外，从城市到野外，从平原到山区，从沙漠到海洋1，几乎处处都有灰尘的行踪2。

真正没有灰尘的空间，只有在实验室里才能制造出来。

在晴朗的天空下，灰尘是看不见的，只有在太阳的光线射进黑暗的房间的时候，才能够看到无数的灰尘3在空中飘舞。

大的灰尘肉眼可以看见，小的灰尘比细菌还小，用显微镜4也观察不到。

根据检验的结果，在干燥的日子里，田野和高山的空气里，每一立方厘米5只有几十粒灰尘；在海洋上空的空气里，每一立方厘米大约有一千多粒灰尘；在城市街道上的空气里，每一立方厘米大约有十万粒以上的灰尘；在住宅区的空气里，灰尘还要多得多。

这样多的灰尘在空中旅行，对气象变化产生了很大影响。

原来灰尘还是制造云雾和雨点的小工程师，它们会帮助空气中的水分疑结成云雾和雨点。

没有灰尘，就没有白云，也没有大雨和小雨了；没有灰尘，在夏天，强烈的日光将直接照射在大地上，使气温无法降低6。

这是灰尘在自然界中的功用。

如果我们追问一下，灰尘都是从什么地方来的呢? 到底是些什么东西呢? 我们可以得到下面一系列的答案：有的是来自山地岩石的碎末，有的是来自田野的干燥土末，有的是来自海面的由浪花蒸发后生成的食盐粉末，有的是来自火山灰，还有的是来自星际空间的宇宙尘。

这些都是天然的灰尘。

II. 理解难点提示(Suggestions for Comprehension)1. 这几个“从……到……”是说灰尘的运动方向，还是说其存在之地？2. “有灰尘的行踪”是说灰尘本身不存在了，还留下了踪迹吗？3. 前面以“它”指代灰尘，这里为什么又说“无数的灰尘”？4. “用显微镜”的具体方式是什么？5.“田野和高山的空气里，每一立方厘米”是说一立方厘米的什么东西？6. 这两个分句的关系如何？III. 译文(Target Text)The Travels of Dust (1)Dust, a tireless traveler on earth1, floats along with the movement of air and can be said to be all-pervasive2.Dust can be found3almost everywhere in the space around us, indoors and outdoors, over cities and the country, plains and mountains, deserts and the sea4. Space truly without dust can only be created in laboratories.In the sunny sky5 dust is invisible; only when sunlight shines into a dark room can one see numberless dust particles6flying in the air. Bigger particles can be seen by the naked eye, but smaller ones may be smaller than germs7, and cannot be observed even through a microscope8.According to the results of experiments, on dry days there are a few dozen particles of dust in each cubic cm of air over the fields and mountains, more than a thousand over the sea, more than 100,000 in the streets of cities, and much more in residential areas9.So much dust traveling in the air exerts great influence on weather changes. It turns out that10 dust particles are tiny engineers that make clouds and raindrops, helping as they do the moisture to condense into clouds, fog and raindrops. Without them, there would be no white clouds, nor drenchers or drizzles11; without them, the scorching sun12 in summer would shine directly on the earth, making it impossible for the temperature to come down13. That is the function of dust innature.If we ask where all the dust comes from and what on earth it is, we can get the following series of answers: from tiny bits of rock in mountainous regions, from dry earth in the fields, from salt powder formed by evaporated spray on the sea, from volcanic ashes, or14 from meteoroid in outer space. All this is natural dust.IV. 表达解说(Explanation of Expression)1. 汉译英时，如果“A是B，……”中的“是B”重要性不如后续的分句，往往译为同位语，以显示层次。

《英汉互译》教案与讲义教案章节一：英汉互译概述教学目标：1. 了解英汉互译的基本概念和原则。

2. 掌握英汉互译的基本技巧和方法。

3. 能够进行简单的英汉互译实践。

教学内容：1. 英汉互译的概念和定义。

2. 英汉互译的原则和标准。

3. 英汉互译的基本技巧和方法。

4. 英汉互译的实践案例分析。

教学活动：1. 引入英汉互译的概念和定义。

2. 讲解英汉互译的原则和标准。

3. 介绍英汉互译的基本技巧和方法。

4. 提供实践案例，让学生进行翻译练习。

教学评价：1. 学生能够回答英汉互译的概念和定义。

2. 学生能够理解英汉互译的原则和标准。

3. 学生能够掌握英汉互译的基本技巧和方法。

4. 学生能够进行简单的英汉互译实践。

教案章节二：词汇与翻译1. 了解词汇在英汉互译中的重要性。

2. 掌握英汉词汇的差异和转换方法。

3. 能够准确翻译词汇和短语。

教学内容：1. 词汇在英汉互译中的作用和重要性。

2. 英汉词汇的差异和转换方法。

3. 常见词汇和短语的翻译实例。

教学活动：1. 引入词汇在英汉互译中的作用和重要性。

2. 讲解英汉词汇的差异和转换方法。

3. 提供常见词汇和短语的翻译实例。

4. 让学生进行词汇翻译练习。

教学评价：1. 学生能够理解词汇在英汉互译中的重要性。

2. 学生能够掌握英汉词汇的差异和转换方法。

3. 学生能够准确翻译常见词汇和短语。

教案章节三：语法与翻译教学目标：1. 了解语法在英汉互译中的重要性。

2. 掌握英汉语法的差异和转换方法。

3. 能够正确翻译句子和段落。

1. 语法在英汉互译中的作用和重要性。

2. 英汉语法的差异和转换方法。

3. 常见语法错误的分析和纠正。

教学活动：1. 引入语法在英汉互译中的作用和重要性。

2. 讲解英汉语法的差异和转换方法。

3. 提供常见语法错误的分析和纠正。

4. 让学生进行句子和段落的翻译练习。

教学评价：1. 学生能够理解语法在英汉互译中的重要性。

2. 学生能够掌握英汉语法的差异和转换方法。

• 3.Global clashes mainly result from clashes between different cultures.
• 4.China has conducted a wide range of exchanges and cooperation with many countries and international organizations.
• 18.I can assure you that is not likely to occur. • 19.We would like to order some Chinese-made carpets,
tapestries, blankets, and so on. • 20.Copyrights is another tool available for protecting
• 翻译中四字格的运用要从多方面加以注意。原文语言正 规、行文流畅，尤其是在使用对偶、排比和平行结构的 情况下，可用四字格来传达原文的语言效果。原文中像 赠言、题词、感想、简洁的歌词和诗句等语言形式，充 分考虑到感情色彩、语言特征、人物塑造等因素，可以 采用符合汉语特点的四字格加以表达。
7
例如：
• 1.Pearson was ragged, weary, and apathetic with no hope on his face.
unprotected. • 他是一个不愿让别人“抓辫子”的家伙。
11
即学即练：
• 1.As you have come to my home, I feel greatly honored. • 2.The girls were all smiles on hearing the good news. • 3.Suddenly, the cover of the CIA’s financial involvement

行为主体”结构：
I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods.
我住在一个由美丽的树林环绕的古老小镇上。
That table was made by my grandfather.
那张桌子是我祖父做的。
“行为主体”也能够不表示出来：
出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词。
例如在son一词之前，我们不会同时用this和my两个限定词，而只可说this son of mine(我的这个儿子)。其他一些表示所属关系的代词的例子如a friend of yours(你的一个朋友)，an uncle of hers(她的一个叔叔)等。
新概念英语第二册：第10课课文详解及语法解析
课文详注 Further notes oห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ the text
1.We have an old musical instrument.
我家有件古乐器。
instrument常用的意思是“器械”、“器具”，尤指医疗、机器等方面的。但它能够用来泛指各种乐器。
2.It is called a clavichord.
他摔得很重，手臂都摔断了。
语法 Grammar in use
1.被动语态(The passive)
主动语态与被动语态皆指动词的形式来说。在主动句中，动词的主语是执行动作的人或物：
John cooked the food last night.
约翰昨天晚上做了饭。
在被动句中，动作是对主语执行的：
The food was cooked last night.
这个农场现在属于我;在此之前它属于我父亲。

六年级下册冀教版英语第十课Lessen10《Exercise》翻译汉语意思1. What is exercise？Riding a bike is exercise.Walking is exercise.Playing ping-pong is exercise.Running is exercise.Exercise helps make your body healthy and strong.1、锻炼是什么？骑行是锻炼。

走路是锻炼。

打乒乓球是锻炼。

跑步是锻炼。

锻炼帮助你的身体变得健康和强壮。

2. How many minutes does Danny exercise?-How often do you exercise,Danny?-I walk to school in the morning and I walk home after school.-That’s twice a day. How many minutes do you walk?-About five minutes.-I think you need about an hour of exercise a day,Danny!-Okay!I’m going to watch more sports on TV!-No,Danny!You have to play sports for exercise!2、-Danny锻炼多少分钟？-你多久锻炼一次，Danny？-我早上走路去学校，放学走路回家。

-那是一天两次。

你走路多少分钟？-大约5分钟。

-我认为你需要每天大约一个小时的锻炼，Danny。

-好的！我将要在电视上看更多的运动节目。

-不，Danny！你必须做运动来锻炼！3. Let’s do it!Exercise helps make our bodies healthy and strong.I run for 20 minutes every morning.Ping-pong is my favourite sport.I play ping-pong three times a week.That’s an hour an a half a week.I play basketball twice a week.That’s two hours of exercise a week.How many minutes do I exercise a week?3、让我们完成它！运动帮助我们的身体变得健康和强壮。