北京理工大学211翻译硕士英语2019年考研专业课初试大纲

北京理工大学2015年翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试初试模拟试题考试科目：211翻译硕士英语Part I.(30’)Section A:Vocabulary and grammar(20’)Directions:There are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET1.An increase in a nation's money supply,without an accompanying increase in economic activity,__________result in higher prices.A.tendsB.tends theC.tending toD.will tend to2.X-rays are able to pass through objects and thus make__________details that are otherwise impossible to observe.A.it visibleB.visiblyC.visibleD.they are visible3.Prices for bikes at that store run__________250dollars.A.as high asB.as high toC.so high toD.so high as4.He will not be__________to vote in this year's election.A.enough oldB.as old enoughC.old enoughD.enough old as5.Thomas Jefferson's achievements as an architect rival his contributions __________a politician.A.suchB.moreC.asD.than6.According to the conditions of my scholarship,after finishing my degree__________.A.my education will be employed by the universityB.employment will be given to me by the universityC.the university will employ meD.I will be employed by the university7.If Bob's wife won't agree to sign the papers,____________.A.neither he willB.neither will heC.neither won't heD.he won't neither8._____is generally accepted,economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.A.WhatB.ThatC.ItD.As9.A violent revolution having broken out,all the ports of that country were laid under a(n)______.A.boycottB.embargoC.embarkD.ban10.Since_________can't work in the United States without a permit,so it is of great importance for them to present their credentials to the government.A.emigrantsB.expatriatesC.migrantsD.immigrants11.After the war,a new school building was put up_____there had once been a theatre.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when12.A modern city has been set up in_____was a wasteland ten years ago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where13.Professor Smith,along with his assistants,______on the project day and night to meet the deadline.A.workB.workingC.is workingD.are working14.The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without______his notes.A.bringing upB.referring toC.looking forD.trying on15.The Internet has brought______big changes in the way we work.A.aboutB.outC.backD.up16.The tourists are told that the remotest village in this area is only_________by a river.A.accessibleB.availableC.obtainableD.achievable17.He__________interrupted me by asking irrelevant questions.A.continuallyB.continuouslyC.consistentlyD.constantly18.Being a man of_________and public spirit.Mr.Russell labored zealously to advance the interest of the community and was much interested in bringing new manufacturing interests to Waterloo.A.firmB.enterprisepanyD.corporation19.When people do things wrong we should try hard to forgive them,as the idiom goes,“To______is human.”A.referB.conferC.deferD.err20.Although gaining a job as a real__________agent or broker may be relatively easy,beginning agents and brokers may face competition from well-established,more experienced ones.A.propertyB.estateC.houseD.assetsSection B:Proof Reading&Error Correction(10’)The passage contains TEN errors.Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error.In each case,only ONE word is involved.You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word,underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word,mark the position of the missing word with a"L"sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word,cross the unnecessary word with a slash"/"and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely.The argument has been going since at least the first(1)______ century B.C.Up to the beginning of the19th century,many writersfavoured certain kind of“free”translation:the spirit,not the letter;the(2)_____ sense not the word;the message rather the form;the matter not(3)_______the manner.This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who(4)_______ wanted the truth to be read and understood.Then in the turn of19th(5)_______ century,when the study of cultural anthropology suggested thatthe linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language(6)_______was entirely the product of culture,the view translation was impossible(7)_____gained some currency,and with it that,if was attempted at all,it must be as(8)____ literal as possible.This view culminated the statement of the(9)_______ extreme“literalists”Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.The argument was theoretical:the purpose of the translation,thenature of the readership,the type of the text,was not discussed.Toooften,writer,translator and reader were implicitly identified witheach other.Now,the context has changed,and the basic problem remains.(10)____PartⅡReading Comprehension(15*2’+5*2’)Directions:In this section there are four passages followed by a total of15multiple-choice questions and5short answer questions.Please read the passage and answer the question on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage AFor centuries men dreamed of achieving vertical flight.In400A.D.Chinese children played with a fan-like toy that spun upwards and fell back to earth as rotation ceased.Leonardo da Vinci conceive the first mechanical apparatus,called a“Helix,”which could carry man straight up,but was only a design and was never tested.The ancient-dream was finally realized in1940when a Russian engineer piloted a strange looking craft of steel tubing with a rotating fan on top.It rose awkwardly and vertically into the air from a standing start,hovered a few feet above the ground, went sideways and backwards,and then settled back to earth.The vehicle was called a helicopter.Imaginations were fired.Men dreamed of going to work in their own personal helicopters.People anticipate that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today.Such fantastic expectations were not fulfilled.The helicopter has now become an extremely useful machine.It excels in military missions,carrying troops,guns and strategic instruments where other aircraft cannot go.Corporations use them as airborne offices,many metropolitan areas use them in police work,construction and logging companies employ them in various advantageous ways,engineers use them for site selection and surveying,and oil companies use them as the best way to make offshore and remote work stations accessible to crews and supplies.Any urgent mission to a hard-to-get-to place is a likely task for a helicopter.Among their other multitude of used:deliver people across town,fly to and from airports,assist in rescue work,and aid in the search for missing or wanted persons.1.People expect that________.[A]the airliners of today would eventually be replaced by helicopters[B]helicopters would someday be able to transport large number of people from place to place as airliners are now doing[C]the imaginations fired by the Russian engineer’s invention would become a reality in the future[D]their fantastic expectations about helicopters could be fulfilled by airliners of today2.Helicopters work with the aid of________.[A]a combination of rotating devices in front and on top[B]a rotating device topside[C]one rotating fan in the center of the aircraft and others at each end[D]a rotating fan underneath for lifting3.What is said about the development of the helicopter?[A]Helicopters have only been worked on by man since1940.[B]Chinese children were the first to achieve flight in helicopters.[C]Helicopters were considered more dangerous than the early airplanes.[D]Some people thought they would become widely used by average individuals.4.How has the use of helicopters developed?[A]They have been widely used for various purposes.[B]They are taking the place of high-flying jets.[C]They are used for rescue work.[D]They are now used exclusively for commercial projects.5.Under what conditions are helicopters found to be absolutely essential?[A]For overseas passenger transportation.[B]For extremely high altitude flights.[C]For high-speed transportation.[D]For urgent mission to places inaccessible to other kinds of craft.Passage BIn ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations.The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honor of Zeus,king of the Olympian Gods,eventually lost its local character,became first a national event and then,after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished, international.No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go,but some official records date from776B.C.The games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus.Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece,but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator.Slaves,women and dishonored persons were not allowed to compete.The exact sequence of events uncertain,but events included boy’s gymnastics,boxing,wrestling,horse racing and field events, though there were fewer sports involved than in the modern Olympic Games.On the last day of the Games,all the winners were honored by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads.So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory.Although Olympic winners received no prize money,they were,in fact,richly rewarded by their state authorities. How their results compared with modern standards,we unfortunately have no means of telling.After an uninterrupted history of almost1,200years,the Games were suspended by the Romans in394A.D.They continued for such a long time because people believed in the philosophy behind the Olympics:the idea that a healthy body produced a healthy mind,and that the spirit of competition in sports and games was preferable to the competition that caused wars.It was over1,500years before another such international athletic gathering took place in Athens in1896.Nowadays,the Games are held in different countries in turn.The host country provides vast facilities,including a stadium,swimming pools and living accommodation,but competing courtiers pay their own athletes’expenses.The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch,lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun’s rays.It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium.The torch symbolized the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals,and it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony.The well-known Olympic flag, however,is a modern conception:the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games.6.In ancient Greece,the Olympic Games________.[A]were merely national athletic festivals[B]were in the nature of a national event with a strong religious colour[C]had rules which put foreign participants in a disadvantageous position[D]were primarily national events with few foreign participants7.In the early days of ancient Olympic Games________.[A]only male Greek athletes were allowed to participate in the games[B]all Greeks,irrespective of sex,religion or social status,were allowed to take part[C]all Greeks,with the exception of women,were allowed to compete in Games[D]all male Greeks were qualified to compete in the Games8.The order of athletic events at the ancient Olympics________.[A]has not definitely been established[B]varied according to the number of foreign competitors[C]was decided by Zeus,in whose honor the Games were held[D]was considered unimportant9.Modern athletes’results cannot be compared with those of ancient runners because ________.[A]the Greeks had no means of recording the results[B]they are much better[C]details such as the time were not recorded in the past[D]they are much worse10.Nowadays,the athletes’expenses are paid for________.[A]out of the prize money of the winners[B]out of the funds raised by the competing nations[C]by the athletes themselves[D]by contributionsPassage CIn science the meaning of the word“explain”suffers with civilization’s every step in search of reality.Science cannot really explain electricity,magnetism,and gravitation;their effects can be measured and predicted,but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first looked into the nature of the electrification of amber,a hard yellowish-brown gum.Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces“really”are.“Electricity,”Bertrand Russell says,“is not a thing,like St.Paul’s Cathedral;it is a way in which things behave.When we have told how things behave when they are electrified,and under what circumstances they are electrified,we have told all there is to tell.”Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea.Aristotle, for example,whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years,believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles.He felt,for example,that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place,hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that’s where they belong,and smoke goes up because that’s where it belongs.The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.11.The aim of controlled scientific experiments is________.[A]to explain why things happen[B]to explain how things happen[C]to describe self-evident principles[D]to support Aristotelian science12.What principles most influenced scientific thought for two thousand years?[A]the speculations of Thales[B]the forces of electricity,magnetism,and gravity[C]Aristotle’s natural science[D]Galileo’s discoveries13.Bertrand Russell’s notion about electricity is________.[A]disapproved of by most modern scientists[B]in agreement with Aristotle’s theory of self-evident principles[C]in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward“how”things happen[D]in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward“why”things happen14.The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea________.[A]that there are mysterious forces in the universe[B]that man cannot discover what forces“really”are[C]that there are self-evident principles[D]that we can discover why things behave as they do15.Modern science came into being________.[A]when the method of controlled experiment was first introduced[B]when Galileo succeeded in explaining how things happen[C]when Aristotelian scientist tried to explain why things happen[D]when scientists were able to acquire an understanding of reality of reasoningPassage DGeorge had stolen some money,but the police had caught him and he had been put in prison.Now his trial was about to begin,and he felt sure that he would be found guilty and sent to prison for a long time.Then he discovered that an old friend of his was one of the members of the jury at his trail.Of course,he didn’t tell anybody,but he managed to see his friend secretlyon day.He said to him,“Jim,I know that the jury will find me guilty of having stolen the money.I cann’t hope to be found not guilty of taking it—that would be too much to expect.But I should be grateful to you for the rest of my life if you could persuade the other members of the jury to add a strong recommendation for mercy to their statement that they consider me guilty.”“Well George,”answered Jim,“I shall certainly try to do what I look terribly strong-minded to me.”George said that he would quite understand if Jim was not able to do anything for him,and thanked him warmly for agreeing to help.The trial went on,and at last the time came for the jury to decide whether George was guilty or not.It took them five hours,but in the end they found George guilty, with a strong recommendation for mercy.Of course,Jim was very pleased,but he didn’t have a chance to see Jim for some time after the trial.At last,however,Jim visited him in prison,and George thanked him warmly and asked him how he had managed to persuaded the other member of the jury to recommend mercy.“Well, George,”Jim answered,“as I thought,those eleven men were very difficult to persuade,but I managed it in the end by tiring them out.Do you know,those fools had all wanted to find you not guilty!”16.How do you define“jury”?17.What did George expect Jim to do?18.What did Jim do to help George?19.How long did the Jury spend on making a decision?20.Why did George feel pleased about the decision?PartⅢWRITING(30’)As a candidate for the master’s degree program in translation,what do you think a professional translator should be equipped with in order to bridge languages and cultures in your future career?Please state your point of view clearly with detailed reasons.Marks will be awarded for content,organization,grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET参考答案：partⅠ(30’)section A Vocabulary and grammar(20’)1-5DCACC6-10DBDBD11-15BACBA16-20AABDB Section B Proof Reading and Error Correction(10’)1.going后加on2.cerain改成some3.rather后加than4.is改为was5.in改为at6.去掉the7.view后加that8.删掉was9.statement改为statements10.and改为butPartⅡReading Comprehension(40’)1.[B]2.[B]3.[D]4.[A]5.[D]6.[B]7.[A]8.[A]9.[C]10.[B]11.[B]12.[C]13.[C]14.[B]15.[A]16A jury A group of people who decide if someone on trial is guilty or not guilty. 17George expected Jim to make the jury ask for less punishment for George and lighten his punishment.18He told the jury that George was indeed guilty19It took them5hours to make the decision.20Because The punishment was less severe than expected.PartⅢWRITING(30’)(略)。

素材归纳不易，仅供学习参考北理《英语翻译基础》考试大纲一.考试目的《英语翻译基础》是全日制翻硕专业学位研究生入学考试的基础课考试科目，其目的是考察考生的英汉互译实践能力是否达到进入MIT学习阶段的水平。

二、考试性质及范围：本考试是测试考生是否具备基础翻译能力的尺度参照性水平考试。

考试的范围包括MTI考生入学应具备的英语词汇量、语法知识以及英汉两种语言转换的基本技能。

三、考试基本要求1.具备一定中外文化，以及政治、经济、科技等方面的背景知识。

2.具备扎实的英汉两种语言的基本功。

3.具备较强的英汉/汉英转换能力。

四、考试形式本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法，强调考生的英汉/汉英转换能力。

试题分类参见"考试内容一览表"。

五、考试内容：本考试包括三个部分：词语翻译、长句翻译和段落/文章翻译。

总分150分。

I.词语翻译1.考试要求要求考生准确翻译中英文术语或专有名词。

2.题型要求考生较为准确地写出题中的30个汉/英术语、缩略语或专有名词的对应目的语。

汉/英文各15个，每个1分，总分30分。

考试时间为30分钟。

II.长句翻译1.考试要求要求考生能准确分析汉/英长句子结构，并给出准确的翻译;考生需掌握一定的翻译策略及技巧。

2.题型要求考生较为准确地译出题中的10个汉/英长句子。

汉/英长句子各5个，每个3分，总分30分。

考试时间为60分钟。

III.段落/文章翻译1.考试要求要求考生具备一定的翻译能力;熟悉中国和英语国家的社会、文化等背景知识;译文忠实原文，无明显误译、漏译;译文通顺，用词正确、表达基本无误;译文无明显语法错误。

2.题型要求考生较为准确地翻译出所给的段落或文章，英译汉为250-350个单词，汉译英为150-250个汉字，各占45分，总分90分。

《英语翻译基础》考试内容一览表序号题型题量分值时间（分钟）1词语翻译英译汉15个英文术语、缩略语或专有名词1515汉译英15个中文术语、缩略语或专有名词15152长句翻译英译汉5个英文长句子1530汉译英5个中文长句子153段落/文章翻译英译汉两段或一篇英文文章4545汉译英两段或一篇中文文章4545总计————150180关于凯程：凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直致力于高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。

翻译硕士（055100）一、培养目标培养适应国家社会、经济、文化建设需要和适应全球经济一体化及提高国家国际竞争力需要的德、智、体全面发展的高层次、应用型、专业性科技翻译人才。

充分利用学校优势理工科教育资源，把学生培养成既具有较强的英汉互译能力，又具备一定科技专业知识的专门人才。

基本要求如下：1.具有扎实的中英语言基本功，系统掌握翻译学科的基础理论、专门知识、实际技能；2.形成复合型的知识结构、能够运用所学理论和方法解决机械工程、信息与通信工程等科技领域的翻译问题；3.具有国际化视野、良好的翻译职业素养及丰富的翻译行业经验。

二、招生对象招生对象一般为学士学位获得者，具有良好的双语基础；鼓励具有不同学科和专业背景的生源报考。

三、学习年限采用全日制学习方式，学习年限一般为2年，最长修业年限不超过2.5年。

全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生不允许提前毕业。

四、培养方式本专业采用课程教学、实践实习、翻译专业资格考试、学位论文相结合的培养方式。

1.实行学分制。

学生必须通过规定课程的考试或考核，成绩合格方能取得该门课程的学分；修满规定的学分方能撰写学位论文。

2.课堂教学注重专业性。

强调科技翻译特色，利用本校理、工等学科资源，聘请相关学科的专业教师或行业实践经验丰富的翻译专家为学生上课或开设讲座。

教学方法上实行项目进课堂，训教结合，加强翻译技能的训练，培养学生的翻译能力。

3.重视实践环节。

强调翻译实践能力的培养和翻译案例的分析，翻译实践贯穿教学全过程，要求学生至少有15万字以上的笔译实践。

4.发挥导师组集体培养的作用。

导师组以具有指导硕士研究生资格的正、副教授为主，吸收企事业部门具有高级专业技术职称的翻译人员参加；力推双导师制，聘请校内外优势学科专业能力强、精通外语的专家与翻译教师共同指导研究生的教学及培养工作。

5.参加翻译专业资格(水平)考试（CATTI）二级笔译考试。

五、课程设置与学分要求类别课程代码 课程名称学时学分学期是否必修 学分要求2700001中国特色社会主义理论与实践研究36 2 1/2必修2700005 马克思主义与社会科学方法论 18 1 1/2必修 公共必修课0000002学术道德与综合素质 32 2 1/2必修 全选2400178 翻译理论研究 32 2 1 必修 2400131 笔译理论与实践 32 2 1 必修 专业必修课 2400132 口译理论与实践 32 2 1 必修 全选 2400133 科技翻译32 2 1 必修 2400135 科技翻译工作坊（英-汉） 48 3 2 必修 方向必修课2400136 科技翻译工作坊（汉-英）48 3 2 必修 全选 240004* 研究生公共外语II 48 2 1/2选修 2400213 科技文献阅读 32 2 1 选修 2400185 科技语篇体裁分析 32 2 1 选修 2400140计算机辅助翻译 32 2 1 选修 2400142 翻译批评与赏析 32 2 2 选修 2400137 机械工程英语与翻译 64 4 2 选修 2400141 经济英语与翻译 32 2 2 选修 2400143 英汉语言文化对比与交流32 2 2 选修 2400144 视译 32 2 1 选修 选修课2400145 会议口译 32 2 2 选修 任选≥20学分 2400203 中国当代科技 16 1 2 选修2400214翻译硕士学位论文写作1612选修注：根据加强综合实践能力培养的翻译硕士专业学位的培养定位，共设置38个课程学分；另设翻译实习环节6学分、学术活动1学分。

2019英语一考试大纲全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)考试大纲(非英语专业)(2019年版)I.考试性质英语(一)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II.考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。

本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。

2.词汇考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容(详见附录1、2)。

除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等;掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等;掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。

英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。

这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。

此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。

考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。

(二)语言技能1.阅读考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。

对所选材料，考生应能：1)理解主旨要义;2)理解文中的具体信息;3)理解文中的概念性含义;4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申;5)根据上下文推测生词的词义;6)理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系;7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度;8)区分论点和依据。

全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试《翻译硕士英语》考试大纲一、考试目的：《翻译硕士英语》作为全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）入学考试的外国语考试，其目的是考察考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的外语水平。

二、考试性质与范围：本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试。

考试范围包括MTI考生应具备的外语词汇量、语法知识以及英语读、写等方面的技能。

三、考试基本要求1. 具有良好的英语基本功，认知词汇量在10，000以上，掌握6000个以上的积极词汇，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。

2. 能熟练掌握正确的英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。

3. 具有良好的英语思辩能力和信息识别能力。

4. 具有较强的阅读理解能力和英语写作能力。

四、考试形式本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法。

各项试题的分布情况见“考试内容一览表”。

五、考试内容：本考试包括以下部分：词汇语法、阅读理解、英语写作等。

总分为100分。

I．词汇语法1. 要求1）词汇量要求：考生的认知词汇量应在10,000以上，其中积极词汇量为5,000以上，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。

2）语法要求：考生能正确运用英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。

2. 题型：多项选择或改错题II. 阅读理解1. 要求：1）能读懂常见英文原刊及网站上的专题文章，以及科技文献、历史传记等各种非文学文体的文章，既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实与细节，并能理解其中的观点和隐含意义。

2）能根据阅读时间要求调整自己的阅读速度。

2. 题型：1) 多项选择题（包括信息事实性阅读题和观点评判性阅读题）2) 简答题（要求根据所阅读的文章，用3-5行字数的有限篇幅扼要回答问题，重点考查阅读综述能力）本部分选材体现时代性、实用性；重点考查通过阅读获取信息和理解观点的能力；对阅读速度有一定要求。

III．英语写作1. 要求：考生能根据所给题目及要求撰写约400词左右的议论文。

2019年考研英语一考试大纲全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)考试大纲(非英语专业)(2019年版)I. 考试性质英语(一)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II.考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一) 语言知识1. 语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。

本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。

2. 词汇考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容(详见附录1、2)。

除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等;掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等;掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。

英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。

这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。

此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。

考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。

(二) 语言技能1. 阅读考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。

对所选材料，考生应能：1) 理解主旨要义;2) 理解文中的具体信息;3) 理解文中的概念性含义;4) 进行有关的判断、推理和引申;5) 根据上下文推测生词的词义;6) 理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系;7) 理解作者的意图、观点或态度;8) 区分论点和依据。

北京理工大学翻译硕士考研真题--百科知识解析1.7地理自然1.7.1考研真题及详解1.7.2典型题及详解1.8科技1.8.1考研真题及详解1.()就是将人工分离和修饰过的基因导人到生物体基因组中，由于导人基因的表达，引起生物体的性状的可遗传的修饰，这一技术又称之为“遗传工程”、“基因工程”等等。

(西南大学2010翻译硕士）A.克隆技术B.生物杂交C_人工繁殖D.人工转基因【解析】转基因技术运用科学手段从某种生物中提取所需要的基因，将其转人另一种生物中，使其与另一种生物的基因进行重组，从而产生特定的具有变异遗传性状的物质。

利用转基因技术可以改变动植物性状、培育新品种。

也可以利用其它生物体培育出期望的生物制品，用于医药、食品等方面。

2.地球村的出现打破了传统的时空观念,使人们与外界乃至整个世界的联系更为紧密，人类变得相互间更加了解了。

地球村现象的产生改变了人们的新闻观念和宣传观念，迫使新闻传播媒介更多地关注受传者的兴趣和需要，更加注重时效性和内容上的客观性。

地球村促进了世界经济一体化进程。

（北外2010翻译硕士）答：地球村是对地球的一种比喻说法。

现代科技的迅速发展，缩小了地球上的时空距离，国际交往日益频繁便利，因而整个地球就如同是茫茫宇宙中的一个小村落。

3.李政道获得的诺贝尔奖属于哪个科学领域？（厦门大学2010翻译硕士）【答案】物理【解析】李政道，美籍华人，1957年，他与杨振宁一起，因发现弱作用中宇称不守恒而获得诺贝尔物理学奖。

他们的这项发现，由吴健雄的实验证实。

李政道和杨振宁是最早获诺贝尔奖的华人。

1.8.2典型题及详解1.“千年虫”问题是指（)A.计算机系统的时间变换问题B.2000年黑客同时人侵C.计算机的一种病毒D.1000年发作一次的病毒【解析】“千年虫”问題实质上是计算机时间变换的问题。

千年虫是指在某些使用了计算机程序的智能系统中，由于其中的年份只使用两位十进制数来表示，因此当系统进行或涉及跨世纪的日期处理运算时，就会出现错误的结果，进而引发各种各样的系统功能紊乱甚至崩溃。

2019年考研英语一考试大纲全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)考试大纲(非英语专业)(2019年版)I. 考试性质英语(一)考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II.考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一) 语言知识1. 语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。

本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。

2. 词汇考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容(详见附录1、2)。

除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等;掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等;掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。

英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。

这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。

此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。

考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。

(二) 语言技能1. 阅读考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。

对所选材料，考生应能：1) 理解主旨要义;2) 理解文中的具体信息;3) 理解文中的概念性含义;4) 进行有关的判断、推理和引申;5) 根据上下文推测生词的词义;6) 理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系;7) 理解作者的意图、观点或态度;8) 区分论点和依据。