2020考研英语大纲原文(英语二)

2020年全国硕上研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题解析SectionI Use of EnglishI【答案】[C] tricky【解析】首段首句给出文章话题中心”成为一名好父亲或母亲是每一位父亲或母亲想要做的事情”，但第二句话话锋一转”但是定义什么是好父母无疑很，因为孩子们会对同类型的抚养模式做用不同的回应，“因此可排除p leasant、instructive这两个纯褒义词，tedious"冗长的“感情色彩过于消极，也排除，t ric k"y 复杂的符合语义逻辑要求，故为正确答案！2【答案】[C] for example【解析】上文表明，“孩子们会对抚养模式有不同的回应”，空格处所在句指出，“冷静，遵守规则的孩子，与更年少的孩子相比，对于不同的抚养模式，会做出更好的同应”，这两句话符合抽象具体”的逻辑关系，故for example为正确答案。

3【答案】[A]Fortunately【解析】第一段表明“定义合格的父母很复杂”，第二段首句指出“另外一种类型的父母很容易“第一段关键词"tricky"与本句中"easier"这两个词形成隐性的转折关系，"fo rtunately"符合逻辑关系的要求，故选为正确答案。

4【答案】[D] describe【解析】空格处所需动词与"parent"形成语义上的动宾关系，而第一段表明“定义合格的父母很复杂＂，第二段首句指出幸运地是，另外一种类型的父母很容易”，这两句话之间话题一致，逻辑关系相反，因此可推测该空格处所填入的动词应该与"define"语义相近，故"describe"描述为正确答案。

5【答案】[D]while【解析】该题考查句间逻辑关系，空格所在句表明“每位父母想变得有耐心”，下一句指山”这不是容易的＂，这两句话存在“一肯－否＂的特征，形成对立关系，因此空格处应该填入表示“让步”概念的词故while为正确答案。

Directions:2020考研英语（二）真题及解析完整版Section I Use of EnglishRead the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Being a good parent is,of course,what every parent would like to be.But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very1,particularly since children respond differentlyto the same style of parenting.A calm,rule-following child might respond better to a different sortof parenting than,2,a younger sibling.3,There’s another sort of parent that s a bit easier to4:a patient parent.Children of every age benefit from patient parenting.Still,5every parent would like to be patient,this is no easy6. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a7and composed style with their kids.I understand this.You’re only human,and sometimes your kids can8you just a little too far.And then the9 happens:You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too 10and does nobody any good.You wish that you could11the clock and start over,We’ve all been there:12,even though it’s common,it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue.you can say something to your child that you may13for a long time.This may not onlydo damage t0your relationship with.your child but also14your child’s self-esteem.If you consistently lose your15with your kids.then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids.We are all becoming increasingly aware of the16of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation.This is a skill that will help them all throughout life.In fact,the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when17by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skillsCertainly,it’s incredibly18to maintain patience at all times with your children.A more practical goal is to try,to the best of your ability,to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with19situations involving your children.I can promise you this:As a result of working toward this goal.you and your children will benefit and20from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1.[A]tedious[B]pleasant[C]instructive[D]tricky2.[A]in addition[B]for example[C]at once[D]by accident3.[A]fortunately[B]occasionally[C]accordingly[D]eventually4.[A]amuse[B]assist[C]describe[D]train5.[A]while[B]because[C]unless[D]once6.[A]answer[B]task[C]choice[D]access7.[A]tolerant[B]formal[C]rigid[D]critical8.[A]move[B]drag[C]push[D]send9.[A]mysterious[B]illogical[C]suspicious[D]inevitable10.[A]boring[B]naive[C]harsh[D]vague11.[A]turn back[B]take apart[C]set aside[D]cover up12.[A]overall[B]instead[C]however[D]otherwise13.[A]like[B]miss[C]believe[D]regret14.[A]raise[B]affect[C]justify[D]reflect15.[A]time[B]bond[C]race[D]cool16.[A]nature[B]secret[C]importance[D]context17.[A]cheated[B]defeated[C]confused[D]confronted18.[A]terrible[B]hard[C]strange[D]wrong19.[A]trying[B]changing[C]exciting[D]surprising20.[A]hide[B]emerge[C]withdraw[D]escapeSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C orD.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat—one social and one asocial—for5 our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to sideNext,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across18trials each,the living rats were52percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We’d assumed we’d have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn’t necessary,"says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they displayonly simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.21.Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can.[A]pickup social signals from non-living rats[B]distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one[C]attain sociable traits through special training[D]send out warming messages to their fellow22.What did the social robot do during the experiment?[A]It followed the social robot.[B]It played with some toys.[C]It set the trapped Tats free.[D]It moved around alone.23.According to Quinn,the rats released the social robot because they.[A]tried to practice a means of escape[B]expected it to do the same in return[C]wanted to display their intelligence[D]considered that an interesting game24.James Wiles notes that rats.[A]can remember other rat’s facial features[B]differentiate smells better than sizes[C]respond more to cations than to looks[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels25.It can be learned from the text that rats.[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings(B]are more socially active than other animals[C]behave differently from children in socializing[D]are more sensitive to social cues than expectedText2It is fashionable today to bash Big Business.And there is one issue on which the many critics agree:CEO pay.We hear that CEOs are paid too much(or too much relative to workers),or that they rig others’pay,or that their pay is insufficiently related to positive outcomes.But the more likely truth is CEO pay is largely caused by intense competition.It is true that CEO pay has gone up—top ones may make300times the pay of typical workers on average,and since the mid-1970s,CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has,by varying estimates,gone up by about500%.The typical CEO of a top American corporation—from the350largest such companies—now makes about$18.9million a year.While individual cases of overpayment definitely exist,in general,the determinants of CEO pay are not so mysterious and not so mired in corruption.In fact,overall CEO compensation for the top companies rises pretty much.In lockstep with the value of those companies on the stock market.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay,though,is that of limited CEOtalent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.The efforts of America’s highest-earning1%have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy.It’s not popular to say,but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S.economy.Today’s CEO,at least for major American firms,must have many more skills than simply being able to“run the company.”CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them.They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors,as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant.Then there’s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before,with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries.To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling.There is yet another trend:virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies,one way or another.An agribusiness company,for instance,may focus on R&D in highly IT-intensive areas such as genome sequencing.Similarly,it is hard to do a good job running the Walt Disney Company just by picking good movie scripts and courting stars;you also need to build a firm capable of creating significant CGI products for animated movies at the highest levelsof technical sophistication and with many frontier innovations along the way.On top of all of this,major CEOs still have to do the job they have always done—which includes motivating employees,serving as an internal role model,helping to define and extend a corporate culture,understanding the internal accounting,and presenting budgets and business plans to the board.Good CEOs are some of the world’s most potent creators and have some of the very deepest skills of understanding.26.which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?A.The growth in the number ofcooperationsB.The general pay rise with a better economyC.Increased business opportunities for top firmsD.Close cooperation among leading economicspared with their predecessors,today’s CEOs are required to.A.foster a stronger sense ofteamworkB.finance more research and developmentC.establish closer ties with tech companiesD.operate more globalized companies28.CEO pay has been rising since the1970s despite.A.continual internal oppositionB.strict corporate governanceC.conservative business strategiesD.repeated governance warnings29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps.A.confirm the status of CEOsB.motive inside candidatesC.boost the efficiency of CEOsD.increase corporate value30.The most suitable title for this text would be.A.CEOs Are Not OverpaidB.CEO Pay:Past and PresentC.CEOs’Challenges of TodayD.CEO Traits:Not Easy to DefineText3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars.Seven months and one election day later,a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone,a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martínez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign,despite its success in improving air quality.A judge has now overruled the city's decision to stop levying fines,ordering them reinstated.But with legal battles ahead,the zone's future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses,the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious,and therefore vulnerable.That’s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers—who must pay fees or buy better vehicles—rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.It’s not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London.The new ultra-low emission zone(Ulez)is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election.And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in2021as he intends,it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It's not that measures such as London’s Ulez are useless.Far from it.Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents'health in the face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality,and the science tells us that means real health benefits-fewer heart attacks,stokes and premature births,less cancer,dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councilors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town.They are acting because national governments—Britain’s and others across Europe—have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres,“school streets”, even individual roads-are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution.We re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.31.Which of the following is true about Madrid’s clean air zone?[A]Its effects are questionable[B]It has been opposed by ajudge[C]It needs tougher enforcement[D]Its fate is yet to be decided32.Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?[A]They are biased against car manufacturers.[B]They prove impractical for city councils.[C]They are deemed too mild for politicians.[D]They put too much burden on individual motorists.33.The author believes that the extension of London’s Ulez will.[A]arouse strong resistance.[B]ensure Khan’s electoral success.[C]improve the city’s traffic.[D]discourage car manufacturing.34.Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?[A]Local residents[B]Mayors.[C]Councilors.[D]National governments.35.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies.[A]will raise low-emission car production[B]should be forced to follow regulations[C]will upgrade the design of theirvehicles[D]should be put under public supervisionText4Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring—the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after1995,give or take a year—the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks.GenZs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that’s tighter than its been in decades.And employers are planning on hiring about17percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S.this year than last,according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers.Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.If“entitled”is the most common adjective,fairly or not,applied to millennials(those born between1981and1995),the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious.According to the career counselors and experts who study them,Generation Zs are clear-eyed,economic pragmatists.Despite graduating into the best economy in the past50years,Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like.They were impressionable kids during the crash of2008,when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both.They aren’t interested in taking any chances.The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency,especially for those who have college debt.College loan balances in the U.S.now stand at a record$1.5trillion,according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that88percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind.In a2019survey of University of Georgia students,meanwhile,the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment(followed by professional development and training,and then inspiring purpose).Job security or stability was the second most important career goal(work-life balance was number one),followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good.36.Generation Zs graduating college this spring.[A]are recognized for their abilities[B]are in favor of job offers[C]are optimistic about the labor market[D]are drawing growing public attention37.Generation Zs arekeenly aware.[A]what a tough economic situation is like[B]what their parents expect ofthem[C]how they differ from pastgenerations[D]how valuable a counselor’s advice is38.The word“assuage”(line9,para2)is closet in meaning to.[A]define[B]relieve[C]maintain[D]deepen39.It can be learned from Paragraph3that Generation Zs.[A]care little about their job performance[B]give top priority to professional training[C]think it hard to achieve work-lifebalance[D]have a clear idea about their future job40.Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials,Generation Zs are.[A]less realistic[B]less adventurous[C]more diligent[D]more generousPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Give compliments,just not too many.[B]Put on a good face,always.[C]Tailor your interactions.[D]Spend time with everyone.[E]Reveal,don’t hide information.[F]Slow down and listen.[G]Put yourselves in others’shoes.Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the OfficeIs it possible to like everyone in your office?Think about how tough it is to get together15 people,much less50,who all get along perfectly.But unlike in friendships,you need coworkers. You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you.Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side.41.[E]Reveal,don’t hide information.If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace,you may try stay tight-lipped around them.But you won’t be helping either one of you.A Harvard Business School study foundthat observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly,while those who hid lost trustworthiness.The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book,but rather,when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them,you should just be honest.42.[F]Slow down and listen.Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others.We often feel the need to tell others how we feel,whether it’s a concern about a project,a stray thought,or a compliment.Those are all valid,but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers,too.In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don’t value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine,back-and-forth conversation,rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43.[D]Spend time with everyone.It’s common to have a“cubicle mate”or special confidant in a work setting.But in additionto those trusted coworkers,you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around e your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don’t always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job.It requires minimal effort and goes a long way.This will help to grow your internal network,in addition to being a nice break in the work day.44.[A]Give compliments,just not too many.Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear.And you don’t have to be someone’s bossto tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project.This will help engender good willin others.But don’t overdo it or be fake about it.One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive,possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.45.[C]Tailor your interactions.This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off,but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction.Watch out for how they verbalize with others.Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters,while other are more straightforward.Jokes that work one person won’t necessarily land with another.So,adapt your style accordingly to type.Consider the person that you’re dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)It’s almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure.People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere.Put simply,they're not really living at all.But,the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as“the end of the world,”or as proof of just how inadequate we are.Or,we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is.Every time we fail at something.we can choose to look for the lesson we’re meant to learn.These lessons arevery important,they’re how we grow,and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance,failure can help you discover how strong a person you are.Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends,or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.【参考译文】人的一生总要经历一些失败。

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)考试大纲(非英语专业)(2020年版)I.考试性质英语(二)考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。

其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II.考查内容考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：(1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法;(2)动词时态、语态的构成及其用法;(3)形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法;(4)常用连接词的词义及其用法;(5)非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法;(6)虚拟语气的构成及其用法;(7)各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的结构及其用法;(8)倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。

2.词汇考生应能较熟练地掌握5500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组(详见附录相关部分)。

考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。

(二)语言技能1.阅读考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。

题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。

根据阅读材料，考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中的具体信息;(3)理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系;(4)根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义;(5)进行一定的判断和推理;(6)理解作者的意图、观点或态度。

2.写作考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。

短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。

III.考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。

考试时间为180分钟。

满分为100分。

试卷包括试题册和1张答题卡。

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)考试大纲(非英语专业)(2020年版) I.考试性质英语(二)考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。

其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II.考查内容考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：(1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法;(2)动词时态、语态的构成及其用法;(3)形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法;(4)常用连接词的词义及其用法; (5)非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法;(6)虚拟语气的构成及其用法; (7)各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的结构及其用法;(8)倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。

2.词汇考生应能较熟练地掌握5500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组(详见附录相关部分)。

考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。

(二)语言技能1.阅读考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。

题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。

根据阅读材料，考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中的具体信息;(3)理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系;(4)根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义;(5)进行一定的判断和推理;(6)理解作者的意图、观点或态度。

2.写作考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。

短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。

III.考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。

考试时间为180分钟。

满分为100分。

试卷包括试题册和1张答题卡。

2020年全国硕士研究生考研英语二答案详细解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the foll owing text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But d efining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very __1__, particularly since children respond differently to the same styl e of parenting. A calm, rul e-foll owing chil d might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, __2__, a younger sibling.__3__, there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to __4__: a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, __5__ every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy __6__. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a __7__ and composed style with their kids. I understand this.You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can __8__ you just a little too far. And then the __9__ happens: You l ose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too __10__ and d oes nobody any good. You wish that you coul d __11__ the cl ock and start over. We’ve all been there.__12__, even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your chil d that you may __13__ for a l ong time. This may not only d o damage to your relationship with your child but also __14__ your chil d’s self-esteem.If you consistently l ose your __15__ with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the __16__ of modeling tol erance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when __17__ by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.Certainly, it’s incredibly __18__ to maintain patience at all times with your chil dren. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with __19__ situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and __20__ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky2. A in addition B for exampl e C at once D by accid ent3. A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually4. A amuse B assist C d escribe D train5. A while B because C unless D once6. A answer B task C choice D access7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical8. A move B drag C push D send9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable10. A boring B naive C harsh D vague11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise13. A like B miss C believe D regret14. A raise B affect C justify D refl ect15. A time B bond C race D cool16. A nature B secret C importance D context17. A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted18. A terrible B hard C strange D wrong19. A trying B changing C exciting D surprising20. A hid e B emerge C withdraw D escapeSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the foll owing four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can id entify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat- one social and one asocial - for 5 our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment, the social robot rat foll owed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged d oors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to sideNext, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bond ed more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal expl oring and playing. This coul d lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal d esign. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We' d assumed we' d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn’t necessary, ”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fell ow beings, even when they display only simple social signals. “We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wil es.21. Quin and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can________[A] pickup social signals from non-living rats[B] distinguish a friendly rat from a hostil e one[C] attain sociabl e traits through special training[D] send out warning messages to their fell ow22. What did the social robot d o during the experiment?[A] It foll owed the social robot.[B]It played with some toys.[C] It set the trapped rats free.[D]It moved around al one.23. According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they________[A] tried to practice a means of escape[B] expected it to do the same in return[C] wanted to display their intelligence[D]considered that an interesting game24. James Wiles notes that rats________[A]can remember other rat's facial features[B] differentiate smells better than sizes[C] respond more to cations than to l ooks[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels25. It can be learned from the text that rats________[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings[B] are more socially active than other animalsC] behave differently from children in socializing[D]are more sensitive to social cues than expectedText 2It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500% The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S18.9 million a year.The best model for und erstanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America's highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy. It's not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy.Today's CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many mere skills than simply being abl e to “run the company" CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their pred ecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant. Then there' s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling plus, virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEOs still have to d o all the day-to-day work they have always d one.The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well. By most measures, corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising. That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.”Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insid er picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company. And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices buil d up corporate value not just for the CEO.26. Which of the foll owing has contributed to CEO pay rise?[A] The growth in the number of corporations[B] The general pay rise with a better economy[C] Increased business opportunities for top firms[D] Close cooperation among leading economies27. Compared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to______[A] foster a stronger sense of teamwork[B] finance more research and d evelopment[C] establish cl oser ties with tech companies[D] operate more globalized companies28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s d espite______[A] continual internal opposition[B] strict corporate governance[C] conservative business strategies[D] Repeated government warnings29. High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps______[A] confirm the status of CEOs[B] motivate inside candidates[C] boost the efficiency of CEOs[D] increase corporate value30. The most suitable title for this text woul d be______[A] CEOs Are Not Overpaid[B] CEO Pay: Past and Present[C] CEOs' challenges of Today[D] CEO Traits: Not Easy to DefineText 3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martinez -Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city 's d ecision to stop levying fines, ord ering them reinstated. But with legal battles ahead, the zone's future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must empl oy when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers-who must pay fees or buy better vehicles 一rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-l ow emission zone (Ul ez) is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral el ection. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It's not that measures such as London's Ulez are useless. Far from it. Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents' health in the face of a serious threat. The zones d o deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits - fewer heart attacks, strokes and premature births, l ess cancer, dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councill ors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town. They are acting because national governments-Britain s and others across Europe - have failed to d o so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas - city centers, school streets", even individual roads - are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special l ow speed limits to minimise pollution. We’re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.31. Which of the foll owing is true about Madrid's cl ean air zone?[A] Its effects are questionable[B]It has been opposed by a judge[C] It needs tougher enforcement[D] Its fate is yet to be decid ed32. Which is consid ered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?[A] They are biased against car manufacturers.[B] They prove impractical for city councils.[C] They are deemed too mild for politicians.D] They put too much burd en on individual motorists.33. The author believes that the extension of Lond on's Ulez will .[A] arouse strong resistance.[B] ensure Khan's electoral success.[C] improve the city s traffic.[D] discourage car manufacturing.34. Who does the author think should have addressed the probl em?[A] Local residents[B]Mayors.[C] Council ors.[D] National governments.35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies.[A] will raise l ow-emission car production[B]shoul d be forced to foll ow regulations[C] will upgrad e the d esign of their vehicles[D] shoul d be put und er public supervisionText4Now that members of Generation Z are graduating coll ege this spring the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give or take a year-the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. Gen Zs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's been in decades. And empl oyers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Empl oyers. Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.If "entitled" is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those born between1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and expert who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck l ooks like. They were impressionabl e kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents l ost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren't interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record $1.5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future empl oyer was the ability to offer secure empl oyment (foll owed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one), foll owed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the great good.36. Generation Zs graduating college this spring_____.[A] are recognized for their abilities[B] are in favor of job offers[C] are optimistic about the labor market[D] are drawing growing public attention37. Generation Zs are keenly aware_____.[A] what a tough economic situation is like[B] what their parents expect of them[C] how they differ from past generations[D] I how valuable a counsel ors advice is38. The word “assuage"(line 9, para 2)is cl oset in meaning to_____.[A]define [B]relieve [C] maintain [D] d eepen39.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation Zs_____.[A] care littl e about their job performance[B] give top priority to professional training[C]think it hard to achieve work-Life balance[D] have a clear id ea about their future job40 Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation Zs are_____.[A]less realistic B] less adventurous [C]more diligent [D] more generousPart BDirections:Read the foll owing text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitabl e subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41 -45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]Give compliments, just not too many.[B] Put on a good face, always.[C] Tailor your interactions.[D] Spend time with everyone.[E] Reveal, d on' t hide, information.[F] Sl ow d own and listen.[G] Put yourselves in others' shoes.Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the OfficeIs it possibl e to like everyone in your office? Think about how tough it is to get together 15 peopl e, much less 50, who all get along perfectly. But unlike in friendships, you need coworkers. You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you. Here are some ways that you can get the whol e office on your sid e41.____If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try stay tight-lipped around them. But you won't be helping either one of you. A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly, while those who hid l ost trustworthiness. The l esson is not that you shoul d make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them, you should just be honest.42._____Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others. We often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it's a concern about a project, a stray thought, or a compliment. Those are all valid, but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don't value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine, back- and-forth conversation, rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43._____It's common to have a“cubicle mate" or special confidant in a work setting. But in addition to those trusted coworkers, you shoul d expand your horizons and find out about all the peopl e around you. Use your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with coll eagues you d on't always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job. It requires minimal effort and goes a long way. This will help to grow your internal network, in ad dition to being a nice break in the work day.44._____Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you d on't have to be someone's boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project. This will help engend er good will in others. But don't overdo it or be fake about it. One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.45.______This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while other are more straightforward. Jokes that work one person won't necessarily land with another, So, adapt your styl e accordingly to type. Consid er the person that you re d ealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the foll owing text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere. Put simply, they’re not real living at all. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as “the end of the world, "or as proof of just how inadequate we are. Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something, we can choose to look for the lesson we're meant to learn. These lessons are very important; they're how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them. Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise.For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can helpyou discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you are planning a tour of a historical site for a group of international stud ents. Write an email to1) tell them about the site, and2) give them some tips for the tourPlease write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET .Do not use your own name, use“Li Ming”instead. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you shoul d1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)Directions：2020 年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）详细解答Section I Use of EnglishRead the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。

2020 Text 1（英语⼆）动物的社交信号Text 1Rats and other animals need to be highly attuned to social signals from others so they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the , , and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat — one social and one asocial — for four days.The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a with wheels to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment, the rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set ⽂章 ⼀⽼⿏和其他动物需要⾼度适应他⼈的社交信号，这样它们才能识别出要合作的朋友和要避开的敌⼈。

【关键字】英语2018考研英语(二)考试大纲原文(非英语专业)(2018年版)I.考试性质英语(二)考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。

其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II.考查内容考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：(1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法;(2)动词时态、语态的构成及其用法;(3)形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法;(4)常用连接词的词义及其用法;(5)非谓语动词(大概式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法;(6)虚拟语气的构成及其用法;(7)各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的结构及其用法;(8)倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。

2.词汇考生应能较熟练地掌握5500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组(详见附录相关部分)。

考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。

(二)语言技能1.阅读考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。

题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。

根据阅读材料，考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中的具体信息;(3)理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系;(4)根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义;(5)进行一定的判断和推理;(6)理解作者的意图、观点或态度。

2.写作考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。

短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。

III.考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。

考试时间为180分钟。

满分为100分。

试卷包括试题册和1张答题卡。

2021年考研英语二大纲全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)考试大纲规定了考研英语的考试范围、分值分布、题型题量等内容，是复习考研英语的指南。

为大家分享考研英语二大纲相关内容。

考研英语大纲对于考研英语复习具有指导意义，让复习方向化零为整，提高复习效率。

2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）考试大纲预计将在7月初发布，历年来考研英语大纲变动都不会太大，在2021年考研英语大纲未发布之前，大家可以先参考2020年考研英二大纲。

以下是详细内容：2020考研英语二大纲原文(文字版)全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)考试大纲(非英语专业)I.考试性质英语(二)考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。

其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II.考查内容考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：(1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法;(2)动词时态、语态的构成及其用法;(3)形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法;(4)常用连接词的词义及其用法;(5)非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法;(6)虚拟语气的构成及其用法;(7)各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的结构及其用法;(8)倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。

2.词汇考生应能较熟练地掌握5500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组(详见附录相关部分)。

考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。

(二)语言技能1.阅读考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。

题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。

2020年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very __1__, particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, __2__, a younger sibling.__3__, there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to __4__: a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, __5__ every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy __6__. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a __7__ and composed style with their kids. I understand this.You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can __8__ you just a little too far. And then the __9__ happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too __10__ and does nobody any good. You wish that you could __11__ the clock and start over. We’ve all been there.__12__, even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may __13__ for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also __14__ your child’s self-esteem.If you consistently lose your __15__ with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the __16__ of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when __17__ by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.Certainly, it’s incredibly __18__ to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with __19__ situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and __20__ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky2. A in addition B for example C at once D by accident3. A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually4. A amuse B assist C describe D train5. A while B because C unless D once6. A answer B task C choice D access7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical8. A move B drag C push D send9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable10. A boring B naive C harsh D vague11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise13. A like B miss C believe D regret14. A raise B affect C justify D reflect15. A time B bond C race D cool16. A nature B secret C importance D context17. A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted18. A terrible B hard C strange D wrong19. A trying B changing C exciting D surprising20. A hide B emerge C withdraw D escape今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。

2020年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very __1__, particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, __2__, a younger sibling.__3__, there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to __4__: a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, __5__ every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy __6__. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a __7__ and composed style with their kids. I understand this.You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can __8__ you just a little too far. And then the __9__ happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too __10__ and does nobody any good. You wish that you could __11__ the clock and start over. We’ve all been there.__12__, even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may __13__ for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also __14__ your child’s self-esteem.If you consistently lose your __15__ with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the __16__ of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when __17__ by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.Certainly, it’s incredibly __18__ to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with __19__ situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and __20__ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky2. A in addition B for example C at once D by accident3. A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually4. A amuse B assist C describe D train5. A while B because C unless D once6. A answer B task C choice D access7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical8. A move B drag C push D send9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable10. A boring B naive C harsh D vague11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise13. A like B miss C believe D regret14. A raise B affect C justify D reflect15. A time B bond C race D cool16. A nature B secret C importance D context17. A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted18. A terrible B hard C strange D wrong19. A trying B changing C exciting D surprising20. A hide B emerge C withdraw D escape今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。

2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very 1 , particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, 2 , a younger sibling.s a bit easier to 4 : a patient parent.3 , There’s another sort of parent that’Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, 5 every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy 6 . Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a 7 and composed style with their kids. I understand this.You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can 8 you just a little too far. And then the 9 happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too 10 and does nobody any good. You wish that you could 11 the clock and start over, We’ve all been there:important to keep in mind that in a singlecommon, it’s12 , even though it’smoment of fatigue. you can say something to your child that you may 13 for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also-esteem.14 your child’s selfIf you consistently lose your 15 with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the 16 of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when 17 by stress is one of the most.important of all life’s skillsincredibly 18 to maintain patience at all times with your Certainly, it’schildren. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with 19 situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal. you and your children will benefit and 20 from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A. tedious B. pleasant C. instructive D. tricky2. A. in addition B. for example C. at once D. by accident3. A. fortunately B. occasionally C. accordingly D. eventually4. A. amuse B. assist C. describe D. train5. A. while B. because C. unless D. once6. A. answer B. task C. choice D. access7. A. tolerant B. formal C. rigid D. critical8. A. move B. drag C. push D. send9. A. mysterious B. illogical C. suspicious D. inevitable10. A. boring B. na?ve C. harsh D. vague11. A. turn back B. take apart C. set aside D. cover up12. A. Overall B. Instead C. However D. Otherwise13. A. like B. miss C. believe D. regret14. A raise B. affect C. justify D. reflect15. A. time B. bond C. race D. cool16. A. nature B. secret C. importance D. context17. A. cheated B. defeated C. confused D. confronted18. A. terrible B. hard C. strange D. wrong19. A. trying B. changing C. exciting D. surprising20. A. hide B. emerge C. withdraw D. escape【答案】1-5 DBACA6-10 BACDC11-15 ACDBD16-20 CDBABSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts, Answer the questions each text by choosing A B. C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points)Text 1Rats and other animals need to be highly attuned to social signals from others so they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial for four days. The robot rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened cage doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, CHRIS SCUFFINS/GETTY the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats theopportunity to release them by pressing a lever. Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviors like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favor when they get trapped, says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design, says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots, says Wiles. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals, she says. We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too, says Wiles.21.Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can .A. distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile onB. pick up social signals from non-living ratsC. attain sociable traits through special trainingD. send out warning messages to their fellows22.What did the asocial robot do during the experiment?A. It played with some toysB. It set the trapped rats freeC. It moved around aloneD. It followed the social robot23. According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they .A. expected it to do the same in returnB. considered that an interesting gameC. wanted to display their intelligenceD. tried to practice a means of escape24. Janet Wiles notes that rats .A. respond more to actions than to looksB. differentiate smells better than sizesC. can be scared by a plastic box on wheelsD. can remember other rats’ facial features25. It can be learned from the cues that rats .A. appear to be adaptable to new surroundingsB. are more socially active than other animalsC. are more sensitive to cues than expectedD. behave differently from children in socializing【答案】21-25 BCAACText 2It is fashionable today to bash Big Business.And there is one issue on whichthe many cities agree:CEO pay.We hear that CEOs are paid too much (or too much relative to workers),or that they rig others' pay, or that their pay is insufficiently related to positive outcomes.But the more likely truth is CEO pay is largely caused by intense competition.It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average,and since the mid-1970s,CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has,by varying estimates gone up by about 500%.The typical CEO of a top American corporation-from the 350largest such companies-now makes about $18.9 million a year.while individual cases of overpayment definitely exist, in general, the determinants of CEOpay are not so mysterious and not so mired in corruption. In fact, overall CEO compensation for the top companies rises pretty much in lockstep with the value of thosecompanies on the stock market.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay,though, is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms ares highest-earning 1% have been one of the growing rapidly.The efforts of America’more dynamic elements of the global economy.It s not popular to say,but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really haveupped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy.Today’s CEO, at least for major American firms,must have many more skill than simply being able to "run the company".CEOs must have a good senseof financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them.They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors,as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant.Then there's the fact that large American companies aremuch more globalized than ever before with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling.There is yet another trend: virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies, one way or another. An agribusiness company, for instance, may focus on R&D in highly IT-intensive areas such as genome sequencing. Similarly, it is hard to do a good job running the Walt Disney Company just by picking good movie scripts and courting stars; you also need to build a firm capable of creating significant CGl products for animated movies at the highest levels of technical sophistication and with many frontier innovations along the way.On top of all of this, major CEOs still have to do the job they have always done-which includes motivating employees, serving as an internal role model, helping to define and extend a corporate culture, understanding the internal accounting, and presenting budgets and business plans to the board. Good CEOs are some of the world's most potent creators and have some of the very deepest skills of understanding.26. which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?A. The growth in the number of cooperationsB. The general pay rise with a better economyC. Increased business opportunities for top firmsD. Close cooperation among leading economics27. Compared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to .A. foster a stronger sense of teamworkB. finance more research and developmentC. establish closer ties with tech companiesD. operate more globalized companies28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite .A. continual internal oppositionB. strict corporate governanceC. conservative business strategiesD. repeated governance warnings29. High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps .A. confirm the status of CEOsB. motive inside candidatesC. boost the efficiency of CEOsD. increase corporate value30. The most suitable title for this text would be .A. CEOs Are Not OverpaidB. CEO Pay: Past and PresentC. CEOs' Challenges of TodayD. CEO Traits: Not easy to define【答案】26-30 CDBDAText 3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martínez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city’s decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated. But with legal battles ahead, the zone’s future looks uncertain at best.Madrid’s back and forth on clean air is a pointed reminder of the limits to the patchwork, city-by-city approach that characterises efforts on air pollution across Europe, Britain very much included.Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That’s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers-who must pay fees or buy better vehicles-rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.It’s not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next year’s mayoral election. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roadsin 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It’s not that measures s uch as London’s Ulez are useless. F ar from it. Local’ health in officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residentsthe face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits-fewer heart attacks, strokes and premature births, less cancer, dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councilors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town. They are acting because national government-Britain’s and others across Europe-have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas-city centres, “school streets”, even individual roads-are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution. We’re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.31. Which of the following is true about Madrid’s clean air zone?[A] Its effects are questionable[B] It has been opposed by a judge[C] It needs tougher enforcement[D] Its fate is yet to be decided32. Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?[A] They are biased against car manufacturers.[B] They prove impractical for city councils.[C] They are deemed too mild for politicians.[D] They put too much burden on individual motorists..33. The author believ es that the extension of London’s Ulez will[A] arouse strong resistance.[B] ensure Khan’s electoral success.[C] improve the city’s traffic.[D] discourage car manufacturing.34. Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?[A] Local residents[B] Mayors.[C] Councilors.[D] National governments.35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies .[A] will raise low-emission car production[B] should be forced to follow regulations[C] will upgrade the design of their vehicles[D] should be put under public supervision【答案】31-35 DDADAText 4Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring—the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give or take a year—the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. GenZs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.If "entitled" is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those born between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and experts who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren't interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record $1.5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment (followed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one), followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good.That's a big change from the previous generation. "Millennials wanted more flexibility in their lives," notes Tanya Michelsen, Associate Director of YouthSight, a UK-based brand manager that conducts regular 60-day surveys of British youth, in findings that might just as well apply to American youth. "Generation Z are looking for more certainty and stability, because o f the rise of the gig economy. They have trouble seeing a financial future and they are quite risk averse."36. Generation Zs graduating college this spring .A. are recognized for their abilities.B. are optimistic about the labor market.C. are drawing growing public attention.D. are in favor of office job offers.37.Generation Zs are keenly aware.A. What their parents expect of themB. what a tough economic situation is likeC. how they differ from past generationsD. how valuable a counselor’s advice is38.The word “assuage” (line 9, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to .A. maintainB. defineC. relieveD. deepen39.It can be learned from Para. 3 that Generation Zs .A. have a clear idea about their future jobsB. care little about their hob performance\C. give top priority to professional trainingD .think it hard to achieve work-life balance40.Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation Zs are .A. more diligentB. more generousC. less adventurousD. less realistic【答案】36-40 CBCACPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Give compliments, just not too many.[B] Put on a good face, always.[C] Tailor your interactions.[D] Spend time with everyone.[E] Reveal, don’t hide information.[F] Slow down and listen.[G] Put yourselves in others’shoes.Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the OfficeIs it possible to like everyone in your office? Think about how tough it is to get together 15 people, much less50, who all get along perfectly. But unlike in friendships, you need coworkers. You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you. Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side.41.__________If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try stay tight-lipped around them. But you won’t be helping either one of you. A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly, while those who hid lost trustworthiness. The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details aboutyourself or painstakingly conceal them, you shouldjust be honest.42.__________Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others. We often feel the need totell others how we feel, whether it’s a concern about a project, a stray thought, or acompliment. Those are all valid, butyou need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don’t value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers ina genuine, back-and-forthconversation, rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43.__________It’s common to have a“cubicle mate”or special confidant in a work setting. But in addition to those trustedcoworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you. Use your lunch and c offee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don’t always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job. It requires minimal effort and goes a long way. This will help to grow your internal network, in addition to being a nice break in the work day.44.__________Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you don’t have to besomeone’s boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project. Thiswill help engender good will in others. But don’t overdo it or be fake about it. One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.45.__________This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while other are more straightforward. Jokes that work one person won’t necessarily land with another. So, adapt your style accordingly to type. Consider the person that you’re dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.【答案】41-45 EFDACSection ⅢTranslation46.It’s almost impossible for everyone to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere.Put simply, they’re not really living at all. But, the wonderful thing about failure isthat it’s entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as “the end of the world”, or as proof of just how inadequate we are. Or we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something, we can choose to look for the lesson we’re meant to learn. These lessons are very important; they’re how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistakes again. Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we could never have learned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.【参考译文】对每个人来说，生活中不经历某种失败几乎是不可能的。

2020 年考研英语（二）真题及解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A. B. C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is ,of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very 1 particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm,rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than. 2 ,a younger one.3 , there's another sort of parent that's a bit easier to4 : a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still,5 ,every parent would like to be patient. this is no easy6 . sometimes, parents get exhausted and are unable to maintain a7 and composed sty1e with their kids. I understand this.You're only human, and sometimes your kids can 8 you just a little too far. And then the 9 happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too 10 and does nobody any good. You wish that you could 11 the clock and start over. We've all been there.12 even though it's common. it's vital to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may 13 for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also 14 your child's self-esteem.If you consistently lose your 15 with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the 16 of modeling patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to maintain emotional control when 17 by stress is one of the most significant of all life's skills.Certainly, it's incredibly 18 to maintain patience at all times with your kids. A more practical goal is to try , to the best of your ability ,to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with 19 situations involving your children.I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and 20 from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A.pleasant B.tricky C.tedious D.instructive2. A.at once B.in addition C.for example D.by accident3. A.Fortunately B.Occasionally C.Accordingly D.Eventually4. A.amuse B.train C.assist D.describe5. A.once B.because C.unless D.while6. A.choice B.answer C.task D.access7. A.formal B.tolerant C.rigid D.critical8. A.move B.send C.drag D.push9. A. inevitable B.illogical C. mysterious D.suspicious10. A.boring B.harsh C.naive D.vague11. A.turn back B.take apart C.set aside D.cover up12. A.Overall B.Instead C.Otherwise D.However13. A.believe B.regret C.miss D.like14. A.justify B.raise C.affect D.reflect15. A.bond B.time C.race D.cool16. A.nature B. secret C.context D.importance17. A.confronted B.defeated C.cheated D.confused18. A.strange B.terrible C.hard D.wrong19. A.exciting B.trying C.surprising D.changing20. A.withdraw B.hide C. emerge D.escapeSelection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A，B，C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings. Loleh Quinn at the University of California. San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat — one social and one asocial-for 5 our days. The robots rats were quite minimalist. resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,. the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviors like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.”We’d assumed we’ d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial feat ures. and put a scene on u to make it smell like a real rat. but that wasn’ t necessary,” says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia. who helpedwith the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they arc fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals. “ We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too.” M says Wiles.21.Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can .A.pickup social signals from non-living ratsB.d istinguish a friendly rat from a hostile oneC.attain sociable traits through special trainingD.Send out warning messages to their fellow22.What did the asocial robot do during the experiment? .A.It followed the social robotB.It played with some toysC.It set the trapped rats freeD.It moved around alone23.According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they .A.tried to practice a means of escapeB.e xpected it to do the same in returnC.wanted to display their intelligenceD.considered that an interesting game24.James Wiles notes that rats .A.can remember other rat’s facial featuresB.differentiate smells better than sizesC.respond more to cations than to looksD. can be scared by a plastic box on wheels25.It can be learned from the text that rats .A.appear to be adaptable to new surroundingsB.a re more socially active than other animalsC.behave differently from children in socializingD.are more sensitive to social cues than expectedText 2It is fashionable today to bash Big Business. And there is one issue on which the many critics agree: CEO pay. We hear that CEOs are paid too much (or too much relative to workers), or that they rig others’ pay, or that their pay is insufficiently related to positive outcomes. But the more likely truth is CEO pay is largely caused by intense competition.It is true that CEO pay has gone up—top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s, CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500%. The typical CEO of a top American corporation—from the 350 largest such companies—now makes about $18.9 million a year.While individual cases of overpayment definitely exist, in general, the determinants of CEO pay are not so mysterious and not so mired in corruption. In fact, overall CEO compensation for the top companies rises pretty much. In lockstep with the value of those companies on the stock market.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay, though, is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America’s highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy. It’s not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative tomany other workers in the U.S. economy.Today’s CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many more skills than simply being able to “ run the company.” CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant. Then there’ s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling.There is yet another trend: virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies, one way or another. An agribusiness company, for instance, may focus on R&D in highly IT-intensive areas such as genome sequencing. Similarly, it is hard to do a good job running the Walt Disney Company just by picking good movie scripts and courting stars; you also need to build a firm capable of creating significant CGI products for animated movies at the highest levels of technical sophistication and with many frontier innovations along the way.On top of all of this, major CEOs still have to do the job they have always done —which includes motivating employees, serving as an internal role model, helping to define and extend a corporate culture, understanding the internal accounting, and presenting budgets and business plans to the board. Good CEOs are some of the world ’ s most potent creators and have some of the very deepest skills of understanding.26.which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?A.The growth in the number of cooperationB.The general pay rise with a better economyC.Increased business opportunities for top firmsD.Close cooperation among leading economicspared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to .A.foster a stronger sense of teamworkB.finance more research and developmentC.establish closer ties with tech companiesD.operate more globalized companies28.CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite .A.continual internal oppositionB. strict corporate governanceC.conservative business strategiesD.repeated governance warnings29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps .A.confirm the status of CEOsB.m otive inside candidatesC.boost the efficiency of CEOsD.increase corporate value30.The most suitable title for this text would be .A.CEOs Are Not OverpaidB. CEO Pay : Past and PresentC.CEOs' Challenges of TodayD.CEO Traits: Not Easy to DefineText 3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars, Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign.despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city's decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated But with legal battles ahead, the zone's future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses. the measures cities must employ when left to tackledirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That's because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers-who must pay fees or buy better vehicles-rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low emission zone(Ulez)is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and south Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition form the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It's not that measures such as London's Ulez are useless. Far from it. Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents' health in the face of a serous threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits-fewer heart attacks, strokes and premature births. Less dementia and asthma Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councillors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town.economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren't interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record SI. 5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment (followed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one), followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good.31.Generation Zs graduating college this springA.are recognized for their abilitiesB.a re in favor of job offersC.are optimistic about the labor marketD.are drawing growing public attention32.Generation Zs are keenly awareA.what a tough economic situation is likeB.w hat their parents expect of themC.how they differ from past generationD.how valuable a counselor’s advice is33.The word "assuage"(line 9, para 2) is closet in meaning toA.defineB.relieveC.maintainD.deepen34.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation ZsA.care little about their job performanceB.g ive top priority to professional trainingC.think it hard to achieve work- Life balanceD.have a clear idea about their future job35.Micelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation ZS areA.less realisticB.less adventurousC.more diligentD.more generousPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]Give compliments, just not too many.[B]Put on a good face, always.[C]Tailor your interactions.[D]Spend time with everyone[E]Reveal, don't hide, information.[F]Slow down and listen.[G]Put yourselves in others' shoes.Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the Office Is it possible to like everyone in your office ? Think about how tough it is to get together 15 people, much less 50, who all get along perfectly . But unlike in friendships, you need coworkers, You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you. Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side.41.If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try stay tight-lipped around them. But you won't be helping either one of you. A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly, while those who hid lost trustworthiness, The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them, you should just be honest.42.Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others. We often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it's a concern about a project, a stray thought, or a compliment. Those are all valid, but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don't value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine, back-and-forth conversation, rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43 .It's common to have a "cubicle mate" or special confidant in a work setting .Butin addition to those trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you. Use your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don't always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job. It requires minimal effort and goes a long way. This will help to grow your internal network, in addition to being a nice break in the work day.44.Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you don't have to be someone's boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project .This will help engender good will in others. But don' overdo it or be fake about it One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.45.This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while other are more straightforward Jokes that work one person won't necessarily land with another. So, adapt your style accordingly to type. Consider the person that you're dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHET. (15points)It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure, But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as "the end of the world." Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something. we can choose to look for the lesson we're mean to learn. These lessons are very important; they're how we grow. and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failuresstop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.Section III WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you are planning a tour of a historical site for a group of international students write an email to(1)tell them about the site, and(2)give them some tips for the tourPlease write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name, use "Li Ming" instead (10 points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should(1)interpret the chart, and(2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points).答案：1-5 BCADD 6-10 CBDAB 11-15 ADBCD 16-20 DACBC答案：21-25 A D B C D21题：第一段Loleh Quinn at the University of California. San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats. 测试机器老鼠发出的社交信号。

2020年考研英语⼆真题答案及解析（⽂字版）2020年研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试试题（英语⼆）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very __1__, particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, __2__, a younger sibling.__3__, there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to __4__: a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, __5__ every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy __6__. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a __7__ and composed style with their kids. I understand this.You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can __8__ you just a little too far. And then the __9__ happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too __10__ and does nobody any good. You wish that you could __11__ the clock and start over. We’ve all been there.__12__, even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may __13__ for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also__14__ your child’s self-esteem.If you consistently lose your __15__ with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the __16__ of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when __17__ by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.Certainly, it’s incredibly __18__ to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with __19__ situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and __20__ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky2. A in addition B for example C at once D by accident3. A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually4. A amuse B assist C describe D train5. A while B because C unless D once6. A answer B task C choice D access7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical8. A move B drag C push D send9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable10. A boring B naive C harsh D vague11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise13. A like B miss C believe D regret14. A raise B affect C justify D reflect15. A time B bond C race D cool16. A nature B secret C importance D context17. A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted18. A terrible B hard C strange D wrong19. A trying B changing C exciting D surprising20. A hide B emerge C withdraw D escape今年完形填空的难度系数很⼩，基本⽆⽣词，长难句也很少。

2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试（英语二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Readthe following text Choosethe best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Beinga good parent is,of course,what every parent would like to be.But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very1,particularly since children respond differently to the samestyle of parenting.A calm,rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than,2,a younger sibling.3,There’ｓanother sort of parent that s a bit easier to4:a patient parent. Children of every agebenefit from patient parenting.Still,5every parent would like to be patient,this is no easy6.Sometimesparents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a7and composedstyle with their kids.I understand this.only human.and sometimes your kids can8you just a little too far.And You’rethen the9happens:Youlose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too10and does nobody any good.Youwish that you could 11the clock and start over,We’ve all been there:12,even though it’ｓimportant to keep in mind that in a singlecommon,it’ｓmoment of fatigue.you can saysomething to your child that you may13for a long time.Ibis may not only do damage to your relationship with.your child but also14 self-esteem.your child’ｓIf you consistently loseyour15with your kids.then you are inadvertently modeling a lackof emotional control for your kids.We are all becoming increasingly aware of the16of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation.This is a skill that will help them all throughout life.In fact,the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when17by stressis one of the mostskillsimportant of all life’ｓCertainly,it’ｓincredibly18to maintain patience at all times with your children.A more practical goal is to tr to the best of your ability,to be astolerant and composed asyou can when faced with19situations involving your children.I can promise you this:Asa result of working toward this goal.you and your children will benefitand20from stressful moments feeling better physicallyand emotionally.1.[A]tedious[B]pleasant[C]instructive[D]tricky2.[A]in addition[B]for example[C]at once[D]by accident3.[A]fortunately[B]occasionally[C]accordingly[D]eventually4.[A]amuse[B]assist[C]describe[D]train5.[A]while[B]because[C]unless[1)]once6.[A]answer[B]task[C]choice[D]access7.[A]tolerant[B]formal[C]rigid[D]critical8.[A]move[B]drag[C]push[D]send9.[A]mysterious[B]illogical[C]suspicious[D]inevitable10.[A]boring[B]naive[C]harsh[D]vague11.[A]turn back[B]take apart[C]set aside[D]cover up12.[A]overall[B]instead[C]however[D]otherwise13.[A]like[B]miss[C]believe[D]regret14.[A]raise[B]affect[C]justify[D]reflect15[A]time[B]bond[C]race[D]cool16.[A]nature[B]secret[C]importance[D]context17.[A]cheated[B]defeated[C]confused[D]confronted1L[A]terrible[B]hard[C]strange[D]wrong19.[A]trying[B]changing[C]exciting[D]surprising20.[A]hide[B]emerge[C]withdraw[D]escapeSection II ReadingComprehensionPart ADirections:Readthe following four texts.Answer the questions below eachtext by choosingA,B,Cor D.Mark your answerson the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Ratsand other animals need to be highly at tuned to socialsignalsfrom othersso that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out ifthis extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleaguestested whether rats can detect socialsignalsfrom roboticrats.Theyhoused eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat—one socialanti oneasocial—for5our days.Therobots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the sametoys,and opened cageddoors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile,the asocialrobot simply moved forwards and backwardsand side to sideNext,the researcherstapped the robots in cagesand gavethe rats the opportunity to release them by pressinga lever.Across18trials each,the living rats were52percent more likely on averagetoset the social robot free than the asocialone.Thissuggeststhat the rats perceivedthe social robot asa genuine socialbeing.They may have bonded more with thesocialrobot becauseit displayedbehaviours like communal exploring and playing. Thiscould lead to the rats better remembering havingfreed it earlier,and wantingthe robot to return the favour when they get trapped,saysQuinn.Thereadinessof the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.Therobot was the samesizeasa regular rat but resembled a simpleassumedwe’ｄh ave to give it a moving head and tail, plastic box on wheels.“We’ｄfacial features,and put a sceneon it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn’ｔsaysJanetWiles at the University of Queenslandin Australia,who necessary,”helped with the research.Thefinding showshow sensitive rats are to socialcues,even when they come from basicrobots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots asif they are fellow beings, even when they displayonly simple socialsignals.”We humans seemto be fascinated by robots,and itWiles.turns out other animals are too,”says21.Quinn and her colleaguesconducted a test to seeif rats can[A]pickup social signalsfrom non-living rats[B]distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one[q attain sociabletraits through specialtraining[D]send out warming messagesto their fellow22.What did the socialrobot do during the experiment?[A]It followed the socialrobot.[B]It played with some toys.[C]It set the trapped Tatsfree.[D]It moved around alone.23.Accordingto Quinn,the rats releasedthe social robot becausethey[A]tried to practice a means of escape[B]expected it to do the samein return[C]wanted to display their intelligence[D]considered that an interesting game24.JamesWiles notes that rats______facial features[A]can remember other rat’ｓ[B]differentiate smells better than sizes[C]respond more to cations than to looks[D]can be scaredby a plastic box on wheels25.It can be learned from the text that rats______[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings(B]are more sociallyactive than other animals[C]behave differently from children in socializing[D]are more sensitive to socialcuesthan expectedText2It is fashionable today to bash BigBusiness.And there is one issueon which the many critics agree:CEOpay.We hear that CEOs are paid too much(or too muchpay,or that their pay is insufficiently relative to workers),or that they rig others’related to positive outcomes.But the more likely truth is CEOpay is largely caused by intense competition.It is true that CEO pay has gone up—top ones may make300times the pay of typical workers on average,and sincethe mid-l970s,CEOpay for large publicly traded American corporations has,by varying estimates,gone up by about500%Thethe350largest suchtypical CEOof a top American corporation—fromcompanies—nowmakesabout$18.9million a year.While individual casesof overpayment definitely exist,in general,the determinants of CEOpay are not so mysterious and not so mired in corruption.Infact,overall CEOcompensation for the top companiesrises pretty much.In lockstep with the value of those companieson the stock market.Thebest model for understanding the growth of CEOpay,though,is that of limited CEOtalent in a world where businessopportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts ofhighest-earning l%have been one of the more dynamic elements of the Arnerica’ｓnot popular to say,but one reason their pay hasgone up so global economy.It’ｓmuch is that CEOs really have upped their gamerelative to many other workers in the U.S.economy.CEO,at least for major American firms,must have many more skillsthan Today’ｓsimply being able to“run t he company.”CEOs must have a good senseof financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them.Theyalso need better public relations skills than their predecessors,as the costs of even a minorthe fact that large American companiesare slipup can be significant.Thenthere’ｓmuch more globalizedthan ever before,with supply chainsspread acrossa larger number of countries.Tolead in that s stem requires knowledge that is fairlymind-boggling.Thereis yet another trend:virtually all major Americancompanies are becoming tech companies,one way or another.An agribusinesscompany for instance,may focus on R&Din highly IT-intensiveareassuch asgenome sequencing.Similarly;it is hard to do a good job running the Walt DisneyCompanyjust by picking good movie scripts and courting stars;you alsoneed to build a firm capableof creating significant CGIproducts for animated movies at the highest levelsof technical sophistication and with many frontier innovations along the way.Ontop of all of this,major CEOs still have to do the job they have always done—which i ncludesmotivating employees,serving asan internal role model, helping to define and extend a corporate culture,understanding the internal accounting,and presenting budgets and businessplans to the board.Good CEOs are most potent creators and have some of the very deepest skills of someof the world’ｓunderstanding.26.which of the following hascontributed to CEO pay rise?A.Thegrowth in the number of cooperationsB.The general pay rise with a better economyC.Increasedbusinessopportunities for top firmsD.Closecooperation among leading economicsCEOs are required to_.paredwith their predecessors,today’ｓA.foster a stronger senseof teamworkB.finance more research and developmentC.establish closer ties with tech companiesD.operate more globalizedcompanies28.CEO pay has been rising sincethe1970sdespite.A.continual internal oppositionB.strict corporate governanceC.conservative businessstrategiesD.repeated governance warnings29.HighCEOpay can be justified by the fact that it helps.A.confirm the status of CEOsB.motive inside candidatesC.boost the efficiency of CEOsD.increasecorporate value30.Themost suitable title for this text would be.A.CEOs Are Not OverpaidB.CEOPay:Pastand PresentC.CEOs’C hallengesof TodayD.CEOTraits:Not Easyto DefineText3Madrid was hailed asa public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars.Sevenmonths and one electionday later,a new conservative city council suspendedenforcement of the clean air zone,a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor JoseLuisMartinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepieceof hiselection campaign,despite its successin improving air quality.A judge hasnow decision to stop levying fines,ordering them reinstated.But with overruled the city’ｓfuture looks uncertain at best.legal baffles ahead,the zone’ｓAmong other weaknesses,the measurescities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious,and therefore vulnerable.That’ｓbecausethey inevitably put the costsof cleaningthe air on to individual drivers—who must pay fees or buy better vehicles—rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real causeof our toxic pollution.not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London.The new It’ｓmayoralultra-low emission zone(Ulez)is likely to be a big issuein next year’ｓelection.And if SadiqKhanwins and extends it to the North and SouthCircular roads in2021ashe intends,it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.Ulezare useless.Farfrom it.Local It’ｓnot that measuressuchas London’ｓhealth officials are usingthe leversthat are available to them to safeguardresidents’in the faceof a serious threat.Thezonesdo deliver some improvements to air quality,and the sciencetells us that meansreal health benefits-fewer heart attacks, stokes and premature births,lesscancer,dementia and asthma.Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councilors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town.Theyare acting becausenational governments—failed to do so.and others acrossEurope—haveBritain’ｓRestrictionsthat keep highly polluting carsout of certain areas—cityeven individual roads-area response to the absenceof a streets”，centres,”schoollarger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance-Waleshas introduced speciallow speedlimitsto minimise pollution.We re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.clean air zone?31.Which of the following is true about Madrid’ｓ[A]Its effects are questionable[B]It has been opposedby a judge[C]It needs tougher enforcement[D]Its fate is yet to be decided32.Which is considered aweaknessof the city-level measuresto tackle dirty air?[A]Theyare biased againstcar manufacturers.[B]Theyprove impractical for city councils.[C]Theyare deemed too mild for politicians.[D]They put too much burden on individual motorists.Ulez will.33.Theauthor believesthat the extension of London’ｓ[A]arousestrong resistance.[B]ensure Khan’ｓelectoral success.traffic.[C]improve the city’ｓ[D]discourage carmanufacturing.34.Who does the author think should have addressedthe problem?[A]Localresidents[B]Mayors.[C]Councilors.[D]National governments.35.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies-[A]will raiselow-emission car production[B]should be forced to follow regulations[C]will upgrade the design of their vehicles[D]should be put under public supervisionText4the Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring—mostcommonly-accepteddefinition saysthis generation was born after1995,giveor take a year—the attention hasbeen rising steadily in recent weeks.GenZsare abouttighter than its been into hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that’ｓdecades.And employers are planning on hiring about17percent more new graduatesfor jobs in the U.S.this year than last,according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Collegesand Employers.Everybodywants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicleswill differ from those who came before them.If“entitled”is the most common adjective,fairly or not,applied to milennials (those born between1981and1995),the catchwords for Generation Z are practicaland cautious.Accordingto the careercounselors and experts who study them, Generation Zsare clear-eyed,economic pragmatists.Despite graduating into the best economy in the past50years,Gen Zsknow what an economic train wreck looks like.Theywere impressionable kidsduring the crashof2008,when many of theirinterested in taking any parents lost their jobs or their life savingsor bo&Theyaren’ｔchances.Thebooming economy seemsto have done little to assuagethis underlying generational senseof anxiousurgency,especiallyfor those who have college debt-Collegeloan balancesin the U.S.now stand at a record$1.5trillion,accordingto the FederalReserve.Onesurvey from Accenture found that88percent of graduating seniorsthis year chosetheir major with ajob in mind.In a2019survey of University of Georgia students,meanwhile,the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment(followed by professional development and training,and then inspiring purpose)Jobsecurity or stability was the secondmost important career goal(work-life balancewas number one), followed by a senseof being dedicated to a causeor to feel good about servingthe greater good36.Generation Zsgraduating college this spring-[A]are recognized for their abilities[B]are in favor of job offers[C]are optimistic about the labor market[D]are drawing growing public attention37.Generation Zsare keenly aware_______[A]what a tough economic situation is like[B]what their parents expect of them[C]how they differ from past generations[D]how valuable a counselor’ｓadvice is(line9,para2)is closet in meaning to________38.Theword“assuage”[A]define[B]relieve[C]maintain[D]deepen39.It can be learned from Paragraph3that Generation Zs_______[A]care little about their job performance[B]give top priority to professional training[C]think it hard to achievework-life balance[D]have a clear idea about their future job40.Michelsen thinks that compared with milennials,Generation Zsare_______[A]lessrealistic[B]lessadventurous[C]more diligent[D]more generousPart BDirections:Readthe following text and answer the questions by choosingthe most suitable subheadingfrom the list A-Gfor eachnumbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadingswhich you do not need to use.Mark your answerson the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Givecompliments,just not too many.[B]Put on a good face,always.[C]Tailor your interactions.[D]Spendtime with everyone.hide information.[E]Reveal,don’ｔ[F]Slow down and listen.shoes.[G]Put yourselvesin others’FiveWaysto Win Over Everyonein the OfficeIs it possibleto like everyone in your office?Think about how tough it is to get together15people,much less50,who all get along perfectly.But unlike in friendships,you need coworkers.You work with them every day and you depend on them just asthey depend on you.Here are some waysthat you canget the whole office on your side.41.If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace,you may try staybe helping either one of you.A Harvard tight-lipped around them.But you won’ｔBusinessSchoolstudy found that observersconsistently rated those who were frank about themselvesmore highly while those who hid lost trustworthiness.The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book,but rather,when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly concealthem,you should just be honest42.Justasimportant as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others.a concern about a We often feel the need to tell others how we feel,whether it’ｓproject,a stray thought,or a compliment.Thoseare all valid,but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers,too.In fact,rushing to get your own ideasoutvalue their opinions.Do your best to there can causecolleaguesto feel you don’ｔengagecoworkers in a genuine,back-and-forth conversation,rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43.common to have a“cubicle mate”or specialconfidant in a work setting.But It’ｓin addition to those trusted coworkers,you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around eyour lunch and coffee breaks to meet upalways see.Find out about their livesand interests beyond with colleaguesyou don’ｔthe job.It requires minimal effort and goesa long way.Thiswill help to grow your internal network,in addition to being a nice break in the work day.44-Positivefeedback is important for anyone to hear.And you don’ｔhave to be bossto tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project.This someone’ｓoverdo it or be fake about it One will help engender good will in others.But don’ｔstudy found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative topositive,possibly becauseit suggestedthey had won somebodyover.45.Thisone may be a bit more difficult to pull off but it can go a long way toachieving results.Rememberin dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction.Watch out for how they verbalize with others.Somepeople like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters,while other are more straightforward.Jokesthat work one person won’ｔnecessarilyland with another.So,dealing with in adapt your style accordingly to type.Considerthe person that you’re advanceand what will get you to your desired outcome.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)It’ｓalmost impossible to go through life without experiencing somekind offailure.Peoplewho do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere.Putnot really living at all.But,the wonderful thing about failure is that simply,they’reentirely up to us to decide how to look at it.it’ｓor asproof of just how We can chooseto seefailure as“the e nd of the world,”inadequate we are.Or,we canlook at failure asthe incredible learning experiencethat it often is.Every time we fail at something.we can chooseto look for the lessonhow we grow,and we’re meant to learn.Theselessonsare very important,they’rehow we keep from making that samemistake again.Failuresstop us only if we let them.Failure can alsoteach us things about ourselvesthat we would never havelearned otherwise.For instance,failure can help you discover how strong a person you are.Failingat something canhelp you discover your truest friends,or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.SectionIV WritingPartA46.Directions:Supposeyou are planning a tour of ahistorical site for a group of international students.Write an email to1)tell them about the site,and2)givethem some tips for the tourPleasewrite your answer on the ANSWER SHEETDo nor useyour own name,use“Li Ming”instead.(10points)Part B47.Directions:Write an essaybased on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)giveyour commentsYoushould write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)2020年考研英语二答案解析Section I Use of English1.【答案】D tricky【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。

参考答案Part ADear Friends, 一段：I am delighted to write this letter to inform you a tour which I have planned for you. I suppose when you read this letter, you must be satisfied about what I recommend. 二段：Here is some detailed information that I would like to share with you. The first historical site flashing in my mind is the Palace Museum in Beijing. The characteristic that is most commendable in the Palace Museum is the magnificent structure and the sophisticated culture of China. I strongly recommend the Palace Museum to you because I am sure thatyou will learn more knowledge about the unique history and culture about the royal palace of Ming and Qing Dynasties in China. 三段：It would be better if you read about the history of the Forbidden City in advance. I recommend the site without any reservation. I am ready to provide any further information upon your request.Yours, Li MingPart B某高校学生使用手机阅读目的 一段：As is apparently demonstrated in the chart above, we are informed some information concerning college students’ reading intentions with mobile phones in a certain university. To be more specific, with the help of cell phones, the proportions of college students’ spending on study take a lion’s share, accounting for up to 59.5%. Then those who would like to spend more time on goofing, browsing information and others occupy approximately 20%, 17% and 2% respectively. 二段：There are diverse components contributing to the above trend, but generally speaking, they may put down to the following two aspects. Initially, there is no doubt that recent years have witnessed the rapid development of economy, and people’s living standards have been improved remarkably, as a result of which, an increasing number of parents are likely to buy their children a smart phone, which may provide possibility for students to apply more advanced equipment into study, to the extent that their learning efficiency and reading horizons would be improved. Simultaneously, along with the development of technology and the advancement of the Internet, a growing quantity of college students’ reading habits have been changed because mobile phones would offer more convenience during their study, which should be taken into account. 三段：Based on the discussion above, a conclusion can be drawn safely that college students’ reading habits adhere to youngsters’ characteristics and comply with the trait of the new era. Given the data above, it is well predicted that this trend as reflected by the pie chart above will continue for a while in the near future. Nevertheless, there are also some potential risks if college students are too addicted to mobile phones; therefore, it is advisable for youngsters to arrange time reasonably during using cell phones.详细解析:1.【答案】D tricky【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）考试大纲(非英语专业）（2020年版）I.考试性质英语（二)考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。

其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II。

考查内容考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能:（一)语言知识1。

语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：(1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法;（2）动词时态、语态的构成及其用法;(3）形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法；(4)常用连接词的词义及其用法;（5）非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词）的构成及其用法；（6)虚拟语气的构成及其用法；（7）各类从句（定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等）及强调句型的结构及其用法;（8)倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法.2.词汇考生应能较熟练地掌握5500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组(详见附录相关部分).考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。

（二)语言技能1.阅读考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。

题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。

根据阅读材料，考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义；(2）理解文中的具体信息;（3）理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系；（4）根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义；(5）进行一定的判断和推理；(6）理解作者的意图、观点或态度。

2。

写作考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。

短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。

III.考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构（一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。

考试时间为180分钟。

满分为100分.试卷包括试题册和1张答题卡。

2020考研英语二真题（完整版）SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext。

Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith--orevenlookingat--astrangerisvirtuallyunbearable.Everyonearoundusseemstoagreebythewaytheyfiddlewiththeirphones,evenwithouta1undergrou nd.It'sasadreality--ourdesiretoavoidinteractingwithotherhumanbeings--becausethere's2tobegainedfromtalkingtothestrangerstandin gbyyou.Butyouwouldn'tknowit,3intoyourphone.Thisuniversalarmorse ndsthe4:"Pleasedon'tapproachme."Whatisitthatmakesusfeelweneedtohide5ourscreens?Oneanswerisfear,accordingtoJonWortmann,executivementalco ach.Wefearrejection,orthatourinnocentsocialadvanceswillbe6as"creep y,".Wefearwe'llbe7.Wefearwe'llbedisruptive.Strangersareinherently8 tous,sowearemorelikelytofeel9whencommunicatingwiththemcomparedw ithourfriendsandacquaintances.Toavoidthisanxiety,we10toourp hones."Phonesbecomeoursecurityblanket,"Wortmannsays."Theyareou rhappyglassesthatprotectusfromwhatweperceiveisgoingtobemore11. "Butonceweripoffthebandaid,tuckoursmartphonesinourpockets andlookup,itdoesn't12sobad.Inone2011experiment,behavioralscient istsNicholasEpleyandJulianaSchroederaskedcommuterstodotheunt hinkable:Starta13.TheyhadChicagotraincommuterstalktotheirfellow14."Whe nDr.EpleyandMs.Schroederaskedotherpeopleinthesametrainstatio nto15howtheywouldfeelaftertalkingtoastranger,thecommutersthou ghttheir16wouldbemorepleasantiftheysatontheirown,"theNewYorkTimess ummarizes.Thoughtheparticipantsdidn'texpectapositiveexperience,aft erthey17withtheexperiment,"notasinglepersonreportedhavingbeensnubbed ."18,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwitht hosesanscommunication,whichmakesabsolutesense,19humanbeingst hriveoffofsocialconnections.It'sthat20:Talkingtostrangerscanmake youfeelconnected.1.[A]ticket[B]permit[C]signall[D]record2.[A]nothing[B]link[C]another[D]much3.[A]beaten[B]guided[C]plugged[D]brought4.[A]message[B]cede[C]notice[D]sign5.[A]under[B]beyond[C]behind[D]from6.[A]misinterprete[B]misapplied[C]misadjusted[D]mismatch ed7.[A]fired[B]judged[C]replaced[D]delayed8.[A]unreasonable[B]ungreatful[C]unconventional[D]unfami liar9.[A]comfortable[B]anxious[C]confident[D]angry10.[A]attend[B]point[C]take[D]turn11.[A]dangerous[B]mysterious[C]violent[D]boring12.[A]hurt[B]resist[C]bend[D]decay13.[A]lecture[B]conversation[C]debate[D]negotiation14.[A]trainees[B]employees[C]researchers[D]passengers15.[A]reveal[B]choose[C]predictl[D]design16.[A]voyage[B]flight[C]walk[D]ride17.[A]wentthrough[B]didaway[C]caughtup[D]putup18.[A]Inturn[B]Inparticular[C]Infact[D]Inconsequence19.[A]unless[B]since[C]if[D]whereas20.[A]funny[B]simple[C]logical[D]rareSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtex tbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys,peopleareactu allymorestressedathomethatatwork.Researchersmeasuredpeople’scor tisol,whichisstressmarker,whiletheywereatworkandwhiletheywereathomean dfoundithigheratwhatissupposedtobeaplaceofrefuge.“Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwome naswellasmenhavelowerlev elsofstressatworkthanathome,”writesoneof theresearchers,SarahDamaske.Infactwomenevensaytheyfeelbette ratwork,shenotes,“Itismen,notwomen,whoreportbeinghappierat homethanatwork.”Anothersurpriseisthatthefindingsholdtrueforboththosewith childrenandwithout,butmoresofornonparents.Thisiswhypeoplewhoworkout sidethehomehavebetterhealth.Whatthestudydoesn’tmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestilldoingw orkwhenthey’reathome,whetheritishouseholdworkorworkbroughthome fromtheoffice.Formanymen,theendoftheworkdayisatimetokickback.Fo rwomenwhostayhome,theynevergettoleavetheoffice.Andforwomenwhow orkoutsidethehome,theyoftenareplayingcatch-up-with-householdtasks.Withtheblurringofroles,andthefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehind theworkplaceinmakingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,it’snotsurprisi ngthatw omenaremorestressedathome.Butit’snotjustagenderthing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknoww hatthey’resupposedtobedoing:working,makingmoney,doingtheta skstheyhavetodoinordertodrawanincome.Thebargainisverypure:Employeep utsinhoursofphysicalormentallaborandemployeedrawsoutlife-sustainingmoola.Onthehomefront,however,peoplehavenosuchclarity.Rareisthe householdinwhichthedivisionoflaborissoclinicallyandmethodicallyla idout.Therearealotoftaskstobedone,thereareinadequaterewardsformostofthe m.Yourhomecolleagues-yourfamily-havenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor;theyneedtobetalkedintoit,orifthey’reteenagers,threatenedwithcomplet eremovalofallelectronicdevices.Plus,they’reyourfamily.Youcannotfirey ourfamily.Youneverreallygettogohomefromhome.Soit’snotsurprising thatpeoplearemorestressedathome.Noto nlyarethetasksapparentlyinfinite,theco-workersaremuchhardertomotivate.21.AccordingtoParagraph1,mostprevioussurveysfoundthathom e_______[A]wasanunrealisticplaceforrelaxation[B]generatedmorestressthantheworkplace[C]wasanidealplaceforstressmeasurement[D]offeredgreaterrelaxationthantheworkplace22.AccordingtoDamaske,whoarelikelytobethehappiestathome?[A]Workingmothers[B]Childlesshusbands[C]Childlesswives[D]Workingfathers23.Theblurringofworkingwomen’srolesreferstothef actthay_ ______[A]theyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewives[B]theirhomeisalsoaplaceforkickingback[C]thereisoftenmuchhouseworkleftbehind[D]itisdifficultforthemtoleavetheiroffice24.Theword“moola”(Line4,Para4)mostprobablymeans_______[A]energy[B]skills[C]earnings[D]nutrition25.Thehomefrontdiffersfromtheworkplaceinthat_______[A]homeishardlyacozierworkingenvironment[B]divisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cut[C]householdtasksaregenerallymoremotivating[D]familylaborisoftenadequatelyrewardedText2Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents-thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree-lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheird ropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomi callyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepush edfordecadestorecruitmoreofthem.Thishascreated“aparadox”inthatrecrui tingfirstgenerationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhas“continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclo se”abachievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressin gbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournalPsychologicalScience.Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapote ntialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbys uchfactorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andthei rfindingsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students(whocompletedtheproject )atanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnoth avingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegree.Mostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPellGrants,afederalgrantforundergraduate swithfinancialneed,whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswitat leastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree.Theirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact-wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeiss uesthatfacemostcollegestudents.Theycitepastresearchbyseveralauthors toshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.Manyfirst-generationstudents“struggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation,learnthe‘rulesofthegame,’andtakeadvant ageofcollegeresources,”theywrite.Andthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhenco llagesdon’ttalkabouttheclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgro upsofstudents.BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsoci alclasscanaffectstudents’educationalexperience,manyfirst-generationstudentslacksightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudents’likethemcanimprove.26.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas_______[A]reducedtheirdropoutrates[B]narrowedtheachievementgao[C]misseditsoriginalpurpose[D]depressedcollegestudents27.Theauthoroftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecause____ ___[A]theproblemissolvable[B]theirapproachiscostless[C]therecruitingratehasincreased[D]theirfindingappealtostudents28.Thestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generationstudents______[A]studyatprivateuniversities[B]arefromsingle-parentfamilies[C]areinneedoffinancialsupport[D]havefailedtheircollage29.Theauthorofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generationstudents_______[A]areactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgap[B]canhaveapotentialinfluenceonotherstudents[C]maylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearchprojects[D]areinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege30.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat_______[A]universitiesoftenrejectthecultureofthemiddle-class[B]studentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackofresources[C]socialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationalexperiences[D]collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestionText3Evenintraditionaloffices,“thelinguafrancaofcorporateAme ricahasgottenmuchmoreemotionalandmuchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago,”saidHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancyKoehn.Shestarteds pinningoffexamples.“IfyouandIparachutedbacktoFortune500companiesi n1990,wewouldseemuchlessfrequentuseoftermslikejourney,mission,pa ssion.Thereweregoals,therewerestrategies,therewereobjectives,butwed idn’ttalkaboutenergy;wedidn’ttalkaboutpassion.”Koehnpointedoutthatthisneweraofcorporatevocabularyisvery“team”-oriented—and notbycoincidence.“Let’snotforgetsports—inmale-dominatedcorporateAmerica,it’sstillabigdeal.It’snotexplic itlyconscious;it’stheideathatI’macoach,andyou’remyteam,an dwe’reinthistogether.TherearelotsandlotsofCEOsinverydifferentcompani es,butmostthinkofthemselvesascoachesandthisistheirteamandtheywantt owin.”Thesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuseworkwithmeaning—and,asKhuranapointsout,increaseallegiancetothefirm.“Youhavetheimport ationofterminologythathistoricallyusedtobeassociatedwithnon-profitorganizationsandreligiousorganizations:Termslikevision,values,passion ,andpurpose,”saidKhurana.Thisnewfocusonpersonalfulfillmentcanhelpkeepemployeesmot ivatedamidincreasinglylouddebatesoverwork-lifebalance.The“mommywars”ofthe1990sarestillgoingontoday,promptingargumentsaboutwhywome nstillcan’thaveitallandbookslikeSherylSandberg’sLeanIn,whosetitleh asbecomeabuzzwordinitsownright.Termslikeunplug,offline,life-hack,bandwidth,andcapacityareallaboutsettingboundariesbetweentheofficeandt hehome.Butifyourworkisyour“passion,”you’llbemorelikelytodevoteyou rselftoit,evenifthatmeansgoinghomefordinnerandthenworkinglongafterthekid sareinbed.Butthisseemstobetheironyofofficespeak:Everyonemakesfunof it,butmanagersloveit,companiesdependonit,andregularpeoplewilli nglyabsorbit.AsNunbergsaid,“Youcangetpeopletothinkit’snonsenseatthe sametimethatyoubuyintoit.”Inaworkplacethat’sfundamentallyindif ferenttoyourlifeanditsmeaning,officespeakcanhelpyoufigureouthowyourelate toyourwork—andhowyourworkdefineswhoyouare.31.AccordingtoNancyKoehn,officelanguagehasbecome_____[A]moreemotional[B]moreobjective[C]lessenergetic[D]lessstrategic32.“team”-orientedcorporatevocabularyiscloselyrelatedto_______[A]historicalincidents[B]genderdifference[C]sportsculture[D]athleticexecutives33.Khuranabelievesthattheimportationofterminologyaimsto_ _____[A]revivehistoricalterms[B]promotecompanyimage[C]fostercorporatecooperation[D]strengthenemployeeloyalty34.ItcanbeinferredthatLeanIn________[A]voicesforworkingwomen[B]appealstopassionateworkaholics[C]triggersdcbatesamongmommies[D]praisesmotivatedemployees35.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutofficespeak?[A]Managersadmireitbutavoidit[B]Linguistsbelieveittobenonsense[C]Companiesfindittobefundamental[D]RegularpeoplemockitbutacceptitManypeopletalkedofthe288,000newjobstheLaborDepartmentrep ortedforJune,alongwiththedropintheunemploymentrateto6.1percent,a sgoodnews.Andtheywereright.Fornowitappearstheeconomyiscreatingjobs atadecentpace.Westillhavealongwaytogotogetbacktofullemployment,bu tatleastwearenowfinallymovingforwardatafasterpace.However,thereisanotherimportantpartofthejobspicturethatw aslargelyoverlooked.Therewasabigjumpinthenumberofpeoplewhoreportv oluntarilyworkingpart-time.Thisfigureisnow830,000(4.4percent)aboveitsyearagolevel.BeforeexplainingtheconnectiontotheObamacare,itisworthmak inganimportantdistinction.Manypeoplewhoworkpart-timejobsactuallywantfull-timejobs.Theytakepart-timeworkbecausethisisalltheycanget.Anincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeinJune,butthegeneraldirectionhasbeendown.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentisstillfarhigherthanbeforetherecession,butiti sdownby640,000(7.9percent)fromitsyearagolevel.Weknowthedifferencebetweenvoluntaryandinvoluntarypart-timeemploymentbecausepeopletellus.ThesurveyusedbytheLaborDepartmentask speopleiftheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthereferenceweek.Iftheansweri s“yes,”theyareclassifiedasworkingpart-time.Theysurveythenaskswhethertheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthatweekbecausetheywantedtoworklessthanfull timeorbecausetheyhadnochoice.Theyareonlyclassifiedasvoluntaryp art-timeworkersiftheytellthesurveytakertheychosetoworklessthan35hoursaw eek.Theissueofvoluntarypart-timerelatestoObamacarebecauseoneofthemainpurposeswastoallowpeopletogetinsuranceoutsideofemploymen t.Formanypeople,especiallythosewithserioushealthconditionsoffamil ymemberswithserioushealthconditions,beforeObamacaretheonlywaytogetin surancewasthroughajobthatprovidedhealthinsurance.However,Obamacarehasallowedmorethan12millionpeopletoeith ergetinsurancethroughMedicaidortheexchanges.Thesearepeoplewho maypreviouslyhavefelttheneedtogetafull-timejobthatprovidedinsuranceinordertocoverthemselvesandtheirfamilies.WithObamacarethereisno longeralinkbetweenemploymentandinsurance.36.Whichpartofthejobspicturewasneglected?A.Theprospectofathrivingjobmarket.B.Theincreaseofvoluntarypart-timejobs.C.Thepossibilityoffullemployment.D.Theaccelerationofjobcreation.37.Manypeopleworkpart-timebecausetheyA.preferpart-timejobstofull-timejobsB.feelthatisenoughtomakeendsmeetC.cannotgettheirhandsonfull-timejobsD.haven’tseentheweaknessofthemarket38.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentintheUSA.ishardertoacquirethanoneyearagoB.showsageneraltendencyofdeclineC.satisfiestherealneedofthejoblessD.islowerthanbeforetherecession39.ItcanbelearnedthatwithObamacare,__________.A.itisnolongereasyforpart-timerstogetinsuranceB.employmentisnolongerapreconditiontogetinsuranceC.itisstillchallengingtogetinsuranceforfamilymembersD.full-timeemploymentisstillessentialforinsurance.40.Thetextmainlydiscusses____________.A.employmentintheUSB.part-timerclassificationC.insurancethroughMedicaidD.Obamacare’stroubleSectionIIITranslation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.Writeyou rtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Thinkaboutdrivingaroutethat’sveryfamiliar.Itcouldbeyour commutetowork,atripintotownorthewayhome.Whicheveritis,youknoweverytwis tandturnlikethebackofyourhand.Onth esesortsoftripsit’seasytozoneoutf romtheactualdrivingandpaylittleattentiontothepassingscenery.Theconse quenceisthatyouperceivethatthetriphastakenlesstimethanitactuallyhas.Thisisthewell-travelledroadeffect:peopletendtounderestimatethetimeittakestotravelafamiliarroute.Theeffectiscausedbythewayweallocateourattention.Whenwetr aveldownawell-knownroute,becausewedon’thavetoconcentratemuch,timeseemstoflowmorequickly.Andafterwards,whenwecometothinkbackonit, wecan’trememberthejourneywellbecausewedidn’tpaymuchatte ntionto it.Soweassumeitwasshorter.PartA47.Directions:Supposeyouruniversityisgoingtohostasummercampforhighscho olstudents.Writeanotice(1)brieflyintroducethecampactivities,and(2)callforvolunteersYoushouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyournameorthenameofyouruniversity.Donotwriteyouraddress.PartB48.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,yours hould(1)interpretthechart,and(2)giveyourcomment.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEETSectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext。

Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very 1 , particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, 2 , a younger sibling.3 , there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to4 : a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still,5 every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy6 . Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a7 and composed style with their kids.I understand this.You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can 8 you just a little too far. And then the 9 happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too 10 and does nobody any good. You wish that you could 11 the clock and start over. We’ve all been there.12 , even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may 13 for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also 14 your child’s self-esteem.If you consistently lose your 15 with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the 16 of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when 17 by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with 19 situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and 20from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky2. A in addition B for example C at once D by accident3. A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually4. A amuse B assist C describe D train5. A while B because C unless D once6. A answer B task C choice D access7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical8. A move B drag C push D send9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable10. A boring B naive C harsh D vague11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise13. A like B miss C believe D regret14. A raise B affect C justify D reflect15. A time B bond C race D cool16. A nature B secret C importance D context17. A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted18. A terrible B hard C strange D wrong19. A trying B changing C exciting D surprising20. A hide B emerge C withdraw D escapeSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat- one social and one asocial 一for 5 our days. The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to sideNext, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We' d assumed we' d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn’t necessary, ”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals.“ We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.21.Quin and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can[A] pickup social signals from non-living rats[C]attain sociable traits through special training[D]send out warning messages to their fellow22.What did the social robot do during the experiment?[A] It followed the social robot.[B]It played with some toys.[C] It set the trapped rats free.[D]It moved around alone.23.According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they[A]tried to practice a means of escape[B]expected it to do the same in return[C]wanted to display their intelligence[D]considered that an interesting game24.James Wiles notes that rats[A]can remember other rat's facial features[B]differentiate smells better than sizes[C]respond more to cations than to looks[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels25.It can be learned from the text that rats[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings[C] behave differently from children in socializing[D]are more sensitive to social cues than expectedText 2It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500% The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S18.9 million a year.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America's highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy. It's not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy.Today's CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many mere skills than simply being able to“run the company" CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant. Then there' s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before,with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is farly mind-boggling plus, virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done.The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well. By most measures, corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising. That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.”Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insider picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredationwhen companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.26.Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?[A]The growth in the number of corporations[B]The general pay rise with a better economy[C]Increased business opportunities for top firms[D]Close cooperation among leading economiespared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to[A]foster a stronger sense of teamwork[B]finance more research and development[C]establish closer ties with tech companies[D]operate more globalized companies28.CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite[A]continual internal opposition[B]strict corporate governance[C]conservative business strategies[D]Repeated government warnings29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps[A]confirm the status of CEOs[B]motivate inside candidates[D] increase corporate value30.The most suitable title for this text would be[A]CEOs Are Not Overpaid[B]CEO Pay: Past and Present[C]CEOs' challenges of Today[D]CEO Traits: Not Easy to DefineText 3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martinez -Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city 's decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated. But with legal battles ahead, the zone's future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers 一who must pay fees or buy better vehicles 一 rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents' health in the face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits - fewer heart attacks, strokes and premature births, less cancer, dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councillors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town. They are acting because national governments 一Britain’ s and others across Europe - have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas - city centres, school streets, even individual roads - are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution. We re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.31.Which of the following is true about Madrid's clean air zone?[A] Its effects are questionable[B]It has been opposed by a judge[C]It needs tougher enforcement[D]Its fate is yet to be decided32.Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?[A]They are biased against car manufacturers.[B]They prove impractical for city councils.[C]They are deemed too mild for politicians.[D]They put too much burden on individual motorists.[A]arouse strong resistance.[B]ensure Khan's electoral success.[C]improve the city s traffic.[D]discourage car manufacturing.34.Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?[A]Local residents[B]Mayors.[C]Councilors.[D]National governments.35.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies[A]will raise low-emission car production[B]should be forced to follow regulations[C]will upgrade the design of their vehicles[D]should be put under public supervisionText4Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give or take a year-the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. GenZs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Everybody wants to know how the peoplebefore them.If "entitled" is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those born between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and expert who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren't interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record $1.5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment (followed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one), followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the great good.36.Generation Zs graduating college this spring .[A]are recognized for their abilities[B]are in favor of job offers[C]are optimistic about the labor market[D]are drawing growing public attention37.Generation Zs are keenly aware .[A]what a tough economic situation is like[B]what their parents expect of them[D] how valuable a counselors advice is38.The word"assuage"(line 9, para 2)is closest in meaning to .[A]define [B]relieve [C] maintain [D] deepen39.I t can be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation Zs .[A]care little about their job performance[B]give top priority to professional training[C]think it hard to achieve work-Life balance[D]have a clear idea about their future job40 Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation Zs are .[A]less realistic [B] less adventurous [C]more diligent [D] more generousPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41 -45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A]Give compliments, just not too many.[B]Put on a good face, always.[C]Tailor your interactions.[D]Spend time with everyone.[E]Reveal, don't hide, information.[G] Put yourselves in others' shoes.Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the OfficeIs it possible to like everyone in your office? Think about how tough it is to get together 15 people, much less 50, who all get along perfectly. But unlike in friendships, you need coworkers. You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you. Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side41.If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try stay tight-lipped around them. But you won't be helping either one of you. A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly, while those who hid lost trustworthiness. The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them, you should just be honest.42.Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others. We often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it's a concern about a project, a stray thought, or a compliment. Those are all valid, but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don't value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine, back- and-forth conversation, rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43.It's common to have a“cubicle mate" or special confidant in a work setting. But in addition to those trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you. Use your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don't always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond theinternal network, in addition to being a nice break in the work day.44.Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you don't have to be someone's boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project. This will help engender good will in others. But don't overdo it or be fake about it. One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.45.This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while other are more straightforward. Jokes that work one person won't necessarily land with another, So, adapt your style accordingly to type. Consider the person that you re dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere. Put simply, they’re not real living at all. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as"the end of the world, "or as proof of just how inadequate we are. Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something, we can choose to look for the lesson we're meant to learn. These lessons are very important; they're how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them.otherwise.For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)某高校学生使用手机阅读目的 2%17%59.5% 20.5%Section I Use of English1选 D。