AM_12_Chapter 3

Chapter 3The Dominant Primordial BeastThe dominant primordial beast was strong in Buck, and under thefierce conditions of trail life it grew and grew. Yet it was a secret growth.His newborn cunning gave him poise and control. He was too busyadjusting himself to the new life to feel at ease, and not only did he notpick fights, but he avoided them whenever possible. A certaindeliberateness characterized his attitude. He was not prone to rashnessand precipitate action; and in the bitter hatred between him and Spitz hebetrayed no impatience, shunned all offensive acts.On the other hand, possibly because he divined in Buck a dangerousrival, Spitz never lost an opportunity of showing his teeth. He evenwent out of his way to bully Buck, strivingconstantly to start the fightwhich could end only in the death of one or the other. Early in the tripthis might have taken place had it not been for an unwonted accident.At the end of this day they made a bleak and miserable camp on theshore of Lake Le Barge. Driving snow, a wind that cut like a white-hotknife, and darkness had forced them to grope for a camping place.They could hardly have fared worse. At their backs rose aperpendicular wall of rock, and Perrault and Francois were compelled tomake their fire and spread their sleeping robes on the ice of the lakeitself. The tent they had discarded at Dyea in order to travel light. Afew sticks of driftwood furnished them with a fire that thawed downthrough the ice and left them to eat supper in the dark.Close in under the sheltering rock Buck made his nest. Sosnug andwarm was it, that he was loath to leave it when Francois distributed thefish which he had first thawed over the fire. But when Buck finishedhis ration and returned, he found his nest occupied. A warning snarltold him that the trespasser was Spitz. Till now Buck had avoidedtrouble with his enemy, but this was too much. The beast in him roared.He sprang upon Spitz with a fury which surprised them both, and Spitzparticularly, for his whole experience with Buck had gone to teach himthat his rival was an unusually timid dog, who managed to hold his ownonly because of his great weight and size.Francois was surprised, too, when they shot out in a tangle from thedisrupted nest and he divined the cause of the trouble. "A-a- ah!" hecried to Buck. "Gif it to heem, by Gar! Gif it to heem, the dirty t'eef!"Spitz was equally willing. He was crying with sheer rage andeagerness as he circled back and forth fora chance to spring in. Buckwas no less eager, and no less cautious, as he likewise circled back andforth for the advantage. But it was then that the unexpected happened,the thing which projected their struggle for supremacy far into the future,past many a weary mile of trail and toil.An oath from Perrault, the resounding impact of a club upon a bonyframe, and a shrill yelp of pain, heralded the breaking forth ofpandemonium. The camp was suddenly discovered to be alive withskulking furry forms, - starving huskies, four or five score of them, whohad scented the camp from some Indian village. They had crept inwhile Buck and Spitz were fighting, and when the two men sprangamong them with stout clubs they showed their teeth and fought back.They were crazed by the smell of the food. Perrault found one withhead buried in the grub-box. His club landed heavilyon the gaunt ribs,and the grub-box was capsized on the ground. On the instant a score ofthe famished brutes were scrambling for the bread and bacon. Theclubs fell upon them unheeded. They yelped and howled under the rainof blows, but struggled none the less madly till the last crumb had been devoured.In the meantime the astonished team-dogs had burst out of theirnests only to be set upon by the fierce invaders. Never had Buck seensuch dogs. it seemed as though their bones would burst through theirskins. They were mere skeletons, draped loosely in draggled hides,with blazing eyes and slavered fangs. But the hunger-madness made them terrifying, irresistible. There was no opposing them. The team-dogs were swept back against the cliff at the first onset. Buck wasbeset by three huskies, and in a trice his head and shoulders were rippedand slashed. The din was frightful. Billee was crying as usual.Dave and Sol-leks, dripping blood from a score of wounds, werefighting bravely side by side. Joe was snapping like a demon. Once,his teeth closed on the fore leg of a husky, and he crunched downthrough the bone. Pike, the malingerer, leaped upon the crippled animal,breaking its neck with a quick flash of teeth and a jerk, Buck got afrothing adversary by the throat, and was sprayed with blood when histeeth sank through the jugular. The warm taste of it in his mouthgoaded him to greater fierceness. He flung himself upon another, andat the same time felt teeth sink into his own throat. It was Spitz,treacherously attacking from the side.Perrault and Francois, having cleaned out their part of the camp,hurried to save their sled-dogs. The wild wave of famished beastsrolled back before them, and Buck shook himself free. But it was onlyfor a moment. The two men were compelled to run backto save thegrub, upon which the huskies returned to the attack on the team. Billee,terrified into bravery, sprang through the savage circle and fled awayover the ice. Pike and Dub followed on his heels, with the rest of theteam behind. As Buck drew himself together to spring after them, outof the tail of his eye he saw Spitz rush upon him with the evidentintention of overthrowing him. Once off his feet and under that massof huskies, there was no hope for him. But he braced himself to theshock of Spitz's charge, then joined the flight out on the lake.Later, the nine team-dogs gathered together and sought shelter in theforest. Though unpursued, they were in a sorry plight. There was notone who was not wounded in four or five places, while some werewounded grievously. Dub was badly injured in a hind leg; Dolly, thelast husky added to the teamat Dyea, had a badly torn throat; Joe hadlost an eye; while Billee, the good-natured, with an ear chewed and rentto ribbons, cried and whimpered throughout the night. At daybreakthey limped warily back to camp, to find the marauders gone and thetwo men in bad tempers. Fully half their grub supply was gone. Thehuskies had chewed through the sled lashings and canvas coverings. Infact, nothing, no matter how remotely eatable, had escaped them. Theyhad eaten a pair of Perrault's moose-hide moccasins, chunks out of theleather traces, and even two feet of lash from the end of Francois's whip.He broke from a mournful contemplation of it to look over his wounded dogs."Ah, my frien's," he said softly, "mebbe it mek you mad dog, dosemany bites. Mebbe all mad dog, sacredam! Wot you t'ink, eh, Perrault?"The courier shook his head dubiously. With fourhundred miles oftrail still between him and Dawson, he could ill afford to have madnessbreak out among his dogs. Two hours of cursing and exertion got theharnesses into shape, and the wound-stiffened team was under way,struggling painfully over the hardest part of the trail they had yetencountered, and for that matter, the hardest between them and Dawson.The Thirty Mile River was wide open. Its wild water defied thefrost, and it was in the eddies only and in the quiet places that the iceheld at all. Six days of exhausting toil were required to cover thosethirty terrible miles. And terrible they were, for every foot of them wasaccomplished at the risk of life to dog and man. A dozen times,Perrault, nosing the way broke through the ice bridges, being saved bythe long pole he carried, which he so held that it fell each time across thehole made by his body. But a cold snap was on, the thermometerregisteringfifty below zero, and each time he broke through he wascompelled for very life to build a fire and dry his garments.Nothing daunted him. It was because nothing daunted him that hehad been chosen for government courier. He took all manner of risks,resolutely thrusting his little weazened face into the frost and strugglingon from dim dawn to dark. He skirted the frowning shores on rim icethat bent and crackled under foot and upon which they dared not halt.Once, the sled broke through, with Dave and Buck, and they were half-frozen and all but drowned by the time they were dragged out. Theusual fire was necessary to save them. They were coated solidly withice, and the two men kept them on the run around the fire, sweating andthawing, so close that they were singed by the flames.At another time Spitz went through, dragging the whole teamafterhim up to Buck, who strained backward with all his strength, his foreThe Call of the Wild25paws on the slippery edge and the ice quivering and snapping all around.But behind him was Dave, likewise straining backward, and behind thesled was Francois, pulling till his tendons cracked.Again, the rim ice broke away before and behind, and there was noescape except up the cliff. Perrault scaled it by a miracle, whileFrancois prayed for just that miracle; and with every thong and sledlashing and the last bit of harness rove into a long rope, the dogs werehoisted, one by one, to the cliff crest. Francois came up last, after thesled and load. Then came the search for a place to descend, whichdescent was ultimately made by the aid of the rope, and night foundthem back on the river with a quarter of a mile to the day's credit.By the time they made the Hootalinqua and good ice, Buckwasplayed out. The rest of the dogs were in like condition; but Perrault, tomake up lost time, pushed them late and early. The first day theycovered thirty-five miles to the Big Salmon; the next day thirty-fivemore to the Little Salmon; the third day forty miles, which brought themwell up toward the Five Fingers.Buck's feet were not so compact and hard as the feet of the huskies.His had softened during the many generations since the day his last wildancestor was tamed by a cave-dweller or river man. AU day long helimped in agony, and camp once made, lay down like a dead dog.Hungry as he was, he would not move to receive his ration of fish,which Francois had to bring to him. Also, the dog-driver rubbedBuck's feet for half an hour each night after supper, and sacrificed thetops of his own moccasins to make four moccasinsfor Buck. This wasa great relief, and Buck caused even the weazened face of Perrault totwist itself into a grin one morning, when Francois forgot the moccasinsand Buck lay on his back, his four feet waving appealingly in the air, andrefused to budge without them. Later his feet grew hard to the trail,and the worn-out foot-gear was thrown away.At the Pelly one morning, as they were harnessing up, Dolly, whohad never been conspicuous for anything, went suddenly mad. Sheannounced her condition by a long, heartbreaking wolf howl that sentevery dog bristling with fear, then sprang straight for Buck. He hadnever seen a dog go mad, nor did he have any reason to fear madness;yet he knew that here was horror, and fled away from it in a panic.Straight away he raced, with Dolly, panting and frothing, one leapbehind; nor could she gain on him, so great was histerror, nor could heleave her, so great was her madness. He plunged through the woodedbreast of the island, flew down to the lower end, crossed a back channelfilled with rough ice to another island, gained a third island, curved backto the main river, and in desperation started to cross it. And all the time,though he did not took, he could hear her snarling just one leap behind.Francois called to him a quarter of a mile away and he doubled back,still one leap ahead, gasping painfully for air and putting all his faith inthat Francois would save him. The dog-driver held the axe poised inhis hand, and as Buck shot past him the axe crashed down upon madDolly's head.Buck staggered over against the sled, exhausted, sobbing for breath,helpless. This was Spitz's opportunity. He sprang upon Buck, andtwice his teeth sank into his unresisting foe andripped and tore the fleshto the bone. Then Francois's lash descended, and Buck had thesatisfaction of watching Spitz receive the worst whipping as yetadministered to any of the teams."One devil, dat Spitz," remarked Perrault. "Some dam day heem keel dat Buck.""Dat Buck two devils, " was Francois's rejoinder. "All de tam Iwatch dat Buck I know for sure. Lissen: some dam fine day heem getmad lak hell an' den heem chew dat Spitz all up an) spit heem out on desnow. Sure. I know."From then on it was war between them. Spitz, as lead-dog andacknowledged master of the team, felt his supremacy threatened by thisstrange Southland dog. And strange Buck was to him, for of the manySouthland dogs he had known, not one had shown up worthily in campand on trail. They were all too soft, dying under the toil, the frost, andstarvation. Buck was theexception. He alone endured and prospered,matching the husky in strength, savagery, and cunning. Then he was amasterful dog, and what made him dangerous was the fact that the clubof the man in the red sweater had knocked all blind pluck and rashnessout of his desire for mastery. He was preeminently cunning, and couldbide his time with a patience that was nothing less than primitive.It was inevitable that the clash for leadership should come. Buckwanted it. He wanted it because it was his nature, because he had beengripped tight by that nameless, incomprehensible pride of the trail andtrace--that pride which holds dogs in the toil to the last gasp, which luresthem to die joyfully in the harness, and breaks their hearts if they are cutout of the harness. This was the pride of Dave as wheel-dog, of Sol-leks as he pulled with all his strength; the pride that laid holdof them atbreak of camp, transforming them from sour and sullen brutes intostraining, eager, ambitious creatures; the pride that spurred them on allday and dropped them at pitch of camp at night, letting them fall backinto gloomy unrest and uncontent. This was the pride that bore upSpitz and made him thrash the sled-dogs who blundered and shirked inthe traces or hid away at harness-up time in the morning. Likewise itwas this pride that made him fear Buck as a possible lead-dog. Andthis was Buck's pride, too.He openly threatened the other's leadership. He came between himand the shirks he should have punished. And he did it deliberately.One night there was a heavy snowfall, and in the morning Pike, themalingerer, did not appear. He was securely hidden in his nest under afoot of snow. Francois called him and soughthim in vain. Spitz waswild with wrath. He raged through the camp, smelling and digging inevery likely place, snarling so frightfully that Pike heard and shivered inhis hiding-place.But when he was at last unearthed, and Spitz flew at him to punishhim, Buck flew, with equal rage, in between. So unexpected was it,and so shrewdly managed, that Spitz was hurled backward and off hisfeet. Pike, who had been trembling abjectly, took heart at this openmutiny, and sprang upon his overthrown leader. Buck, to whom fairplay was a forgotten code, likewise sprang upon Spitz. But Francois,chuckling at the incident while unswerving in the administration ofjustice, brought his lash down upon Buck with all his might. Thisfailed to drive Buck from his prostrate rival, and the butt of the whip wasbrought into play. Half- stunned by the blow, Buck was knockedbackward and the lash laid upon him again and again,while Spitzsoundly punished the many times offending Pike.In the days that followed, as Dawson grew closer and closer, Buckstill continued to interfere between Spitz and the culprits; but he did itcraftily, when Francois was not around, With the covert mutiny of Buck,a general insubordination sprang up and increased. Dave and Sol-lekswere unaffected, but the rest of the team went from bad to worse.Things no longer went right. There was continual bickering andjangling. Trouble was always afoot, and at the bottom of it was Buck.He kept Francois busy, for the dog- driver was in constant apprehension ofthe life-and-death struggle between the two which he knew must takeplace sooner or later; and on more than one night the sounds ofquarrelling and strife among the other dogs turned him out of hissleeping robe, fearful that Buck andSpitz were at it.But the opportunity did not present itself, and they pulled intoDawson one dreary afternoon with the great fight still to come. Herewere many men, and countless dogs, and Buck found them all at work.It seemed the ordained order of things that dogs should work. All daythey swung up and down the main street in long teams, and in the nighttheir jingling bells still went by. They hauled cabin logs and firewood,freighted up to the mines, and did all manner of work that horses did inthe Santa Clara Valley. Here and there Buck met Southland dogs, but inthe main they were the wild wolf husky breed. Every night, regularly,at nine, at twelve, at three, they lifted a nocturnal song, a weird and eeriechant, in which it was Buck's delight to join.With the aurora borealis flaming coldly overhead, or thestarsleaping in the frost dance, and the land numb and frozen under its pall ofsnow, this song of the huskies might have been the defiance of life, onlyit was pitched in minor key, with long- drawn wailings and half-sobs, andwas more the pleading of life, the articulate travail of existence. It wasan old song, old as the breed itself--one of the first songs of the youngerworld in a day when songs were sad. It was invested with the woe ofunnumbered generations, this plaint by which Buck was so strangelystirred. When he moaned and sobbed, it was with the pain of livingthat was of old the pain of his wild fathers, and the fear and mystery ofthe cold and dark that was to them fear and mystery. And that heshould be stirred by it marked the completeness with which he harkedback through the ages of fire and roof to the raw beginnings of life in thehowling ages.Seven days from the time they pulled into Dawson, theydroppeddown the steep bank by the Barracks to the Yukon Trail, and pulled forDyea and Salt Water. Perrault was carrying despatches if anythingmore urgent than those he had brought in; also, the travel pride hadgripped him, and he purposed to make the record trip of the year.Several things favored him in this. The week's rest had recuperated thedogs and put them in thorough trim. The trail they had broken into thecountry was packed hard by later journeyers. And further, the policehad arranged in two or three places deposits of grub for dog and man,and he was travelling light.They made Sixty Mile, which is a fifty-mile run, on the first day; andthe second day saw them booming up the Yukon well on their way toPelly. But such splendid running was achieved not without greattrouble and vexation on the part of Francois.The insidious revolt ledby Buck had destroyed the solidarity of the team. It no longer was asone dog leaping in the traces. The encouragement Buck gave the rebelsled them into all kinds of petty misdemeanors. No more was Spitz aleader greatly to be feared. The old awe departed, and they grew equalto challenging his authority. Pike robbed him of half a fish one night,and gulped it down under the protection of Buck. Another night Duband Joe fought Spitz and made him forego the punishment they deserved.And even Billee, the good-natured, was less good-natured, and whinednot half so placatingly as in former days. Buck never came near Spitzwithout snarling and bristling menacingly. In fact, his conductapproached that of a bully, and he was given to swaggering up and downbefore Spitz's very nose.The breaking down of discipline likewise affected the dogsin theirrelations with one another. They quarrelled and bickered more thanever among themselves, till at times the camp was a howling bedlam.Dave and Sol-leks alone were unaltered, though they were made irritableby the unending squabbling. Francois swore strange barbarous oaths,and stamped the snow in futile rage, and tore his hair. His lash wasalways singing among the dogs, but it was of small avail. Directly hisback was turned they were at it again. He backed up Spitz with hiswhip, while Buck backed up the remainder of the team. Francois knewhe was behind all the trouble, and Buck knew he knew; but Buck wastoo clever ever again to be caught red-handed. He worked faithfully inthe harness, for the toil had become a delight to him; yet it was agreater delight slyly to precipitate a fight amongst his mates and tanglethe traces.At the mouth of the Tahkeena, one night after supper, Dub turned upa snowshoe rabbit, blundered it, and missed. In a second the wholeteam was in full cry. A hundred yards away was a camp of theNorthwest Police, with fifty dogs, huskies all, who joined the chase.The rabbit sped down the river, turned off into a small creek, up thefrozen bed of which it held steadily. It ran lightly on the surface of thesnow, while the dogs ploughed through by main strength. Buck led thepack, sixty strong, around bend after bend, but he could not gain. Helay down low to the race, whining eagerly, his splendid body flashingforward, leap by leap, in the wan white moonlight. And leap by leap,like some pale frost wraith, the snowshoe rabbit flashed on ahead.All that stirring of old instincts which at stated periods drives menout from the sounding cities to forest and plain tokill things bychemically propelled leaden pellets, the blood lust, the joy to kill--allthis was Buck's, only it was infinitely more intimate. He was rangingat the head of the pack, running the wild thing down, the living meat, tokill with his own teeth and wash his muzzle to the eyes in warm blood.There is an ecstasy that marks the summit of life, and beyond whichlife cannot rise. And such is the paradox of living, this ecstasy comeswhen one is most alive, and it comes as a complete forgetfulness thatone is alive. This ecstasy, this forgetfulness of living, comes to theartist, caught up and out of himself in a sheet of flame; it comes to thesoldier, war-mad on a stricken field and refusing quarter; and it came toBuck, leading the pack, sounding the old wolf-cry, straining after thefood that was alive and that fled swiftly before him through themoonlight. He was sounding the deeps of his nature, and ofthe partsof his nature that were deeper than he, going back into the womb ofTime. He was mastered by the sheer surging of life, the tidal wave ofbeing, the perfect joy of each separate muscle, joint, and sinew in that itwas everything that was not death, that it was aglow and rampant,expressing itself in movement, flying exultantly under the stars and overthe face of dead matter that did not move.But Spitz, cold and calculating even in his supreme moods, left thepack and cut across a narrow neck of land where the creek made a longbend around. Buck did not know of this, and as he rounded the bend,the frost wraith of a rabbit still flitting before him, he saw another andlarger frost wraith leap from the overhanging bank into the immediatepath of the rabbit. It was Spitz. The rabbit could not turn, and as thewhite teeth broke its back in mid air it shrieked as loudly as a strickenman mayshriek. At sound of this, the cry of Life plunging down fromLife's apex in the grip of Death, the fall pack at Buck's heels raised ahell's chorus of delight.Buck did not cry out. He did not check himself, but drove in uponSpitz, shoulder to shoulder, so hard that he missed the throat. Theyrolled over and over in the powdery snow. Spitz gained his feet almostas though he had not been overthrown, slashing Buck down the shoulderand leaping clear. Twice his teeth clipped together, like the steel jaws ofa trap, as he backed away for better footing, with lean and lifting lipsthat writhed and snarled.In a flash Buck knew it. The time had come. It was to the death.As they circled about, snarling, ears laid back, keenly watchful for theadvantage, the scene came to Buck with a senseof familiarity. Heseemed to remember it all,--the white woods, and earth, and moonlight,and the thrill of battle. Over the whiteness and silence brooded aghostly calm. There was not the faintest whisper of air--nothing moved,not a leaf quivered, the visible breaths of the dogs rising slowly andlingering in the frosty air. They had made short work of the snowshoerabbit, these dogs that were ill-tamed wolves; and they were now drawnup in an expectant circle. They, too, were silent, their eyes onlygleaming and their breaths drifting slowly upward. To Buck it wasnothing new or strange, this scene of old time. It was as though it hadalways been, the wonted way of things.Spitz was a practised fighter. From Spitzbergen through the Arctic,and across Canada and the Barrens, he had held his own with all mannerof dogs and achieved to mastery over them. Bitter rage was his, butnever blind rage. In passion to rend anddestroy, he never forgot thathis enemy was in like passion to rend and destroy. He never rushed tillhe was prepared to receive a rush; never attacked till he had first defended that attack.In vain Buck strove to sink his teeth in the neck of the big white dog.Wherever his fangs struck for the softer flesh, they were countered bythe fangs of Spitz. Fang clashed fang, and lips were cut and bleeding,but Buck could not penetrate his enemy's guard. Then he warmed upand enveloped Spitz in a whirlwind of rushes. Time and time again hetried for the snow-white throat, where life bubbled near to the surface,and each time and every time Spitz slashed him and got away. ThenBuck took to rushing, as though for the throat, when, suddenly drawingback his head and curving in from the side, he would drive his shoulderat the shoulder of Spitz, as a ram by which to overthrow him.Butinstead, Buck's shoulder was slashed down each time as Spitz leaped lightly away.Spitz was untouched, while Buck was streaming with blood andpanting hard. The fight was growing desperate. And all the while thesilent and wolfish circle waited to finish off whichever dog went down.As Buck grew winded, Spitz took to rushing, and he kept him staggeringfor footing. Once Buck went over, and the whole circle of sixty dogsstarted up; but he recovered himself, almost in mid air, and the circlesank down again and waited.But Buck possessed a quality that made for greatness-- imagination.He fought by instinct, but he could fight by head as well. He rushed, asthough attempting the old shoulder trick, but at the last instant swept lowto the snow and in. His teeth closedon Spitz's left fore leg. Therewas a crunch of breaking bone, and the white dog faced him on threelegs. Thrice he tried to knock him over, then repeated the trick andbroke the right fore leg. Despite the pain and helplessness, Spitzstruggled madly to keep up. He saw the silent circle, with gleamingeyes, lolling tongues, and silvery breaths drifting upward, closing inupon him as he had seen similar circles close in upon beaten antagonistsin the past. Only this time he was the one who was beaten.There was no hope for him. Buck was inexorable. Mercy was athing reserved for gender climes. He manoeuvred for the final rush.The circle had tightened till he could feel the breaths of the huskies onhis flanks. He could see them, beyond Spitz and to either side, halfcrouching for the spring, their eyes fixedupon him. A pause seemed tofall. Every animal was motionless as though turned to stone. OnlySpitz quivered and bristled as he staggered back and forth, snarling withhorrible menace, as though to frighten off impending death. ThenBuck sprang in and out; but while he was in, shoulder had at lastsquarely met shoulder. The dark circle became a dot on the moon-flooded snow as Spitz disappeared from view. Buck stood and lookedon, the successful champion, the dominant primordial beast who hadmade his kill and found it good.。

根据中文提示完成句子，每空一词。

（Chapter 1）1.在我遇到困难的时候，他总能给我一些宝贵的意见。

When I am in trouble, he can always give ______ some ________ advice.2.放学前我们一定要把教室打扫干净。

We have to ________ _______ the classroom before school is over.3.他看看四周，但是没发现一个人。

He ________ ________ but found nobody here.4.对于我们而言，努力学习很重要。

It’s very important _______ us _______ _______ ________.5.水最终流入了海洋。

Water _________ ________ the sea in the end.6. 这首歌曲听起来很优美。

The song _________ __________.7.记住不要浪费或者污染自然资源。

Remember not to ________ or _________ the natural resources.8.我一直等到12点钟，但他没有来。

I _________ ________ twelve o’clock, but he didn’t come.9.他摇了摇头，以示对我观点的不赞同。

He _________ _________ ________. This meant that he didn’t agree with me.10.水覆盖了地球三分之二的面积。

Water covers about ________ ________ of Earth.11.我们起初计划去伦敦，但是最后改变了主意。

We planned to go to London _______________ _______ ________,but we changed our mind finally.根据中文提示完成句子，每空一词。

Chapter 3 Test 8A 2005/10Class _______ Name_________ No.________ Mark________VocabularyA. Complete this passage about Amy and her family with theAmy has _______ hair and __________eyes. Her brother James plays for a basketball team because he is so ________. But her sister Judy is the opposite. She ’s so _________ that she can ’t even reach the top of the table. That ’s because she ’s not very ________; she ’s only four! Amy ’s dad, Mr Luo is _________ . He lost his hair years ago. He is an accountant and he always wearsa ________ shirt. Amy ’s mum, Mrs Luo is _________, which is surprising because she eats lots of sweets and cakes.1. Amy has a slim figure and a beautiful face. She is a ___________.2. Dave is very strong. He can lift heavy items. He is a __________.3. Cheng Wei has got very strong shoulders and arms. He is a ________.4. Tommy Zhu is very small and light, but he has got strong legs. He is a _________.5. Joe Li is tall with long arms and big hands. He can run very fast. He is a ________.C. Look at the information in the box then use it to complete the1.2.Dave has fair ___________ and blue __________.3.Dave and Paul both have _________________ _____________.4.___________ has brown ____________ and brown __________.5.Carol is ___________ centimeters tall and weighs ____________kilogrammes.6.Paul has __________ hair and __________ eyes.7._____________ is 190 ____________ tall and weighs 78____________.8.May and Paul both have _____________ ____________.9.Only _______________ has ginger _____________ and______________ eyes.10.Only Dave has ____________ _____________ .GrammarA Change these past sentences into either positive or negative statements, or questions, as shown:1. Fred traveled by bus. [?]Did Fed travel by bus ?2. Did they help him ? [-]3. The others arrived late. [?]________________________________________________4. Shirley cleaned her teeth. [-]________________________________________________5. My brother didn’t wash the car. [+]________________________________________________6. I reported the robbery. [-]________________________________________________7. James walked to school today. [?]________________________________________________8. Did she open the window ? [+]________________________________________________B Write these sentences in the past tense:1. Fred is kicking a ball. Fred kicked a ball.2. My parents are catching the ferry.____________________________________________________ 3. Paul is going to school._____________________________________________________ 4. David is reading the paper.____________________________________________________ 5. Susie is playing in the park.____________________________________________________ 6. I’m writing a letter to Jim.____________________________________________________ 7. We are meeting our friends.____________________________________________________ 8. Chris is doing his homework.____________________________________________________ C Complete the paragraph below with the words from the box.Last week (1) __________ a slight accident. I (2) __________ walking along the road. I (3) __________ see the hole in the pavement. I (4) __________in and (5) ___________ my arm. I didn’t (6) ____________ what to do, so I (7) ___________ for help. Someone an ambulance. They (11) ____________ 119 while someone else (12) ____________ me out of the hole. The ambulance(13)______________ me to hospital. The doctor (14) __________ a plaster cast on my arm and (15) _________ me home.D Fill in the gaps using the correct expression:1. We arrived yesterday. Did you ?2. I was abroad last week. ________________________3. Charles didn’t buy me a birthday present. __________________4. Wendy missed the ferry. ________________________________5. We weren’t ready in time. ________________________________6. I didn’t ask them to the party. ___________________________E Some of the following sentences are wrong. Correct them and tick the sentences that are right:1. Charles in the water fell? Did Charles fall in the water ?2. They did phoned me earlier. _______________________________3. I was not ready when they arrived. ________________________4. Came the ferry on time this morning?______________________________________________________ 5. Jane not told me you were here.______________________________________________________6. I spoke not to him. ___________________________________7. Saw you the film last night ? ______________________________8. The others didn’t wait for me. _____________________________9. Did Chris be on the bus with you today ?_____________________________________________________ 10. We didn’t be in school yesterday, did we ?______________________________________________________ F Complete these sentences by writing the verbs in the past tense:1.Sally _________(break) her leg last week.2.My uncle __________(fall) off a ladder yesterday.3.That man _________(steal) my wallet.4.Who ____________(throw) that ball?5.We ___________ (go) to Nanjing last month.6.I ___________ (leave) my bag there.7.The police man ___________(speak) to us after the accident.G Complete these sentences using the words in the box. Use1._______ is Friday, so ________ was Thursday.2.He left home _______ an _________ ago.3.Did you see the news last _________ at nine o’clock ?4.We moved to this city exactly ___________ years _________.5.My birthday was last __________.6.I am taking my exams _____________ month.7.I met John for the ___________ time two ____________.8.__________ year we went to Thailand, but this year we’re goingto Australia.。

Reference Key:Chapter OneII.1 domestic and international trade 6个体业主经营2 centralized management 7有限/无限责任3 joint stock company 8 合资企业4 public limited company (plc) 9 （美）有限公司5 human resources manager 10 财务主任Chapter TwoII.1 paper-based means of communication2 电子邮件3 business letters4 客套结语5 blind carbon copy6 烦交行7 letterhead/heading 8 手书签名9 enclosure 10 内部通知/备忘录Chapter ThreeII.1 catalog2 最新价目表3 gross price4 离岸价5 (advertising) brochure6 估价书7 discount and commission 8 行业折扣9 on approval 10 询价III.1.I am one of the leading chain stores based in London and specialized in Chinese arts andcrafts.2.As a leading/major importer of refrigerators in Liaoning Province, China, I am particularlyinterested in your General Brand refrigerators and establishing business relations with you. 3.We were impressed by the wide s election of your electronic products that were displayed atyour stand on the Dalian Trade Fair. Would you please send your latest catalog and price lists, quoting the best/lowest FOB Dalian.4.We would appreciate it if you could enclose some samples of your materials whenreplying/with your reply letter.5.The Shenzhou University invites tenders from building contractors for the conversion of anold dormitory building into a student activities center. Tenders should be in by 25th April and will be studied on price and design offered/tendered.IV.1.Reply to Enquiry of May 82.for your letter of May 83.enclosing the catalog and price list of our new products4.We look forward to your initial/first order5.Yours faithfully,Chapter FourII.1 firm and non-firm offer2 接盘3 counter-offer4 销售认可书5 quick sales/fast turnover and/with6 月/季度帐单mall/low profit margins7 payment against documents 8 畅销9 supply from stock 10 脱销III.1.Thank you for your enquiry of 5 June in which you asked for our catalogue and the latest price-list quoting c.i.f. Shanghai.2.Thank you for your enquiry of 9 October about our products, and we are enclosing our currentprice-list. All the prices are quoted FOB.3.I am pleased to tell you that the products you are going to order can be supplied from stock and will have no trouble/problem in meeting your delivery dates.4.We have a wide selection of sweaters that will appeal to all ages of both sexes and will surely find a ready market.5.We regret to tell you that the brands you enquire about are out of stock and we cannot expect another delivery until three months later.6.We can assure you that this new type of electronic watches are not only good in quality, competitive in price, delicate in design and small in size, they are also supported by our three-year guarantee. We feel confident that they will enjoy an easy market in your place.7.As the market is fluctuating, the price quoted is firm 3 weeks only, after which it will be subject to an increase of 5%.8.All prices quoted are subject to a 25% trade discount, with additional quantity discount of 5%. IV.Letter One:1. Your counter offer2. is acceptable3. We are enclosing4. very much looking forward5. having the opportChaptery to work togetherLetter Two:1. have carefully reviewed your estimate2. sign this contract immediately3. the head office in Shanghai4. within the next 30 days5. feel free to contact this officeChapter FiveII.1 place an order for … with2 试定货3 order in assorted sized, colors and designs4 订货单册5 credit facilities6 不可撤销的信用证7 draw a draft for $2000 8 按期交货9 ten days after receipt of the order 10 按订单备货11 pack in five wooden cases 12 编号1-6III.1.If this order is completed to our satisfaction, it will be the first of many (orders) we will beplacing with you.2.Please find enclosed our order, No. BD405, for blouses in assorted sizes, colours and designs.If you don’t have the listed items in stock, please do not send substitutes in thei r place.3.The 20% trade discount you offered is below/lower than the average level given by Europeansuppliers, and we would like it reviewed in the near future.4.Your No. 3 order has been completed and loaded on board SS Orient, which sails this weekand should reach you in a week.5.Your order of 30 tea sets of crockery should be packed in five crates, five sets per crate, witheach piece individually wrapped in cotton. The packages/crates should be lined inside and marked outside with the names, the words ‘F ragile’, ‘C rockery’ and , ‘This side up’, and numbered 1~5.6.As we are completely out of stock of the raw material you required and it will be at least onemonth before we get our next delivery, we regret to tell you that we cannot accept your order.7.As we have full order books and our factory is closing for the one-week National Dayholidays, I am sorry to say that we must turn down your order.8.The discount you asked for is far more than we offer to any of our customers and we workon/rely on quick sales and small profits/a fast turnover and small profit margins, we cannot but decline/turn down your order.9.The 10 cases/crates loaded on SS Tianjin each measure 10 x 6 x 4 ft and weigh 100 lb. Theyare marked with “HANDLE WITH CARE” and a smiling face sign☺.10.The carpets and material should be wrapped in thick grease-proof paper which isreinforced at both ends to avoid wear by friction.Chapter SixII.1 business negotiation2 签订销售合同3 modify an L/C4 租用船位5 customs formalities6 银行议付7 import/export license 8 商业发票9 proforma invoice 10 装货单Chapter SevenII.1 central bank2 招商银行3 Hongkong and Shanghai Bank4 信托银行5 issuing bank6 业务往来行7 issuing credit cards 8 自动取款卡9 current account 10 支票账户11 interest rate 12 有价证券13 cross check 14 汇票III.1.A bank draft for ￡25,000 has been drawn on your bank on your account in favor of my company in payment of your invoice No. A10 of 6 March.2.We have pleasure in advising you that I have instructed my bank to credit ￡1,000 to your account with Bank of China, London in settlement of my invoice of No. 2 order.3.I am writing to ask if you could open a current account for me under the trade name of Daxing Co. Ltd, and I'll very much appreciate it if this can be done within this week.4.I'm writing for a loan of ￡10.000 to buy additional equipment to expand production, offering ￡5,000 in IBM ordinary shares and ￡5,000 in state treasure bonds as security.5.I sincerely apologize for my oversight in not realizing that I had a debt balance in my current account. In order to avoid a repetition and any overdraft, would you please have ￡10,000 transferred from my deposit account into my current account.6.Would you please arrange from next month for￡2000 to be transferred every month from my No.2 account to Mr. Green Smith's account with Bank of China, Dalian in payment of the rent for my company.7.Would you please find enclosed a draft for ￡3,000 drawn on you by Jingdezhen Pottery Export Company accompanied by the relevant shipping documents which will be released on acceptance. 8.Regret to find that the draft for ￡2,000 drawn on you in favor of us was returned to us from our bank marked 'Refer to Drawer'.IV.Chapter EightII.1 cash in advance2 记账结算3 negotiate an L/C4 开立信用证5 advising bank6 保兑信用证7 TT - Telegraphic Transfer 8 结清账款9 dishonor a draft 10 货款III.1.What do you think of the terms of payment?2.We hope you will accept D/P payment terms.3.What is your regular practice concerning terms of payment?4.We usually accept payment by irrevocable L/C, payment against documents.5.For large orders, we insist on payment by L/C.6.Your L/C must reach us 30 days before delivery.7.Thank you for your agreeing to open for us an irrevocable letter of credit for ￡20,000 in favor of London Electronic Company.8.Would you please draw on us at 60 days against the L/C we established which will be available/valid until July 2nd, and enclose with the draft the following documents.VI.500 boulevard Jobert 69000 LyonThe Accountant 8 July 2001Guy Lussac80 rue Gaspart-Andre69000 Lyon (Rhone)Dear SirL/C No. 340895/AGLWe are (1) ____acting______ on behalf of the Eastern Bank, London, and would like to (2)____inform______ you that the above documentary credit for 45,000 FF has been (3)____opened______ in your favour by your customers Mercury Data Ltd. The credit is (4)____valid______until 12 August and all bank (5) ___charges_______have been paid.Please bring the following (6) ___documents_______ to the above address:Air WaybillInvoice for full value of the sale c.i.f. LondonInsurance CertificateCertificate of OriginWould you also (7) ____draw______ a sight draft for the full amount of the invoice on us so that we can (8) ___settle_______ this account.Thank you in advance.Fours faithfullyPaul DiderotPaul DiderotDocumentary Credits ManagerV.BANK OF ENGLAND Southampton May 20, 1999NATIONAL TRUST AND SAVINGS ASSOCIATIO N(PLACE) (DA TE) Dear Sirs:Airmail an irrevocable Letter of Credit on the following termsWe request you to establish byand conditions:in favor of P. Marco Ltd., 62 Angela Bassini Street, Rome, 00189 ItalyNAME AND ADDRESSfor account of Joseph Smith & Sons, 52 Street, Southampton E8 4LGNAME AND ADDRESSup to the aggregate amount of US $50 000 available by drafts at sightcovering 100% invoice value of merchandise to be described in invoice as:Software AutoCAD in accordance with Purchase Order No. 66889 Documents required: ( Please indicate by placing “√” in applicable boxes)√Invoice in duplicateSpecial U.S. Customs Invoice√Marine and War Insurance Policy or Certificate in duplicateFull set of clean On Board Ocean √Railroad TruckBills of LadingNotifying Joseph Smith & Sons, 52 Street, Southampton E8 4LGShipment from Rome, Italy to Southampton, EnglandShipment latest June 20, 1999Partial Shipments Not allowedTransshipment Not allowedDrafts to be drawn and negotiated on or before July 15, 1999NAME OF APPLICANTJohn SmithJohn SmithTreasurerJoseph Smith & SonsChapter NineII.1 credit note2 应收账款3 under-charge4 未清账款5 extend credit6 收回债款7 make a third request for payment 8 深切理解困境9 non-recourse factoring 10 财务状况III.1. Thank you for pointing out the error in my July statement totaling $5,000, which was due to the fault in the computer programming. Now the mistake in the account has been corrected. I apologize once again for the oversight on our part.2 We sympathize with the problem you have been facing in clearing your balance of account, and would appreciate it very much if you could settle your account the soonest possible.3 As we have already allowed you as high a trade discount as 30%, and we deal on quick sales and small profit margins, we regret to say that we cannot agree to extend the credit for/to another month.4 As one of our principal customers has gone bankrupt / Because of the bankruptcy of one of our principal customers, who is unable to clear their account/balance with us, regrettably, we are not in a position to clear ours on due dates as specified in the contract.5 Your June account is still outstanding which should have been cleared a month ago, but we haven’t received either your draft or your explanation. Unless you settle your account before the end of this month, my solicitors will be instructed to start proceedings to recover the debt.6 Enclosed you will find the outstanding May account/statement which should have been cleared a month ago. Would you please instruct your bank to debit your account with HK$50000 and transfer it to my account with Hongkong and Shanghai Bank, Shanghai before the end of this month. After that my solicitor will have to take up the matter.IV.1. helping us2. had not been credited3. our apology for this error4. we sent to you Chapter TenKey:II.1 make a complaint about2 无理投诉3 file a claim with … on/for4 救正事情差错5 wrongly delivered consignment6 发现破碎开裂7 make an immediate inspection/examination 8 做出解释9 contact … for compensation 10 由…负责赔偿III.1.I’m writing to complain about the wrong delivery of my No. 3 order. Pl ease have an immediate inspection and inform us how you are going to handle the matter.2.Two packages were found lost in the consignment carried by the SS Tianjin and garments to the value of $20,000 were found stolen. You will find a list of the damaged and missing articles attached.3.The best solution is for you to return the wrong articles to me, freight / carriage forward, while I’ll send to you the replacements immediately, freight paid. Once again let me say how much I regret the inconvenience this has caused.4.We have inspected the articles you returned and made a laboratory analysis and comparison to find the difference remains within the permissible limits. In this case we think there is no reason for you to return the consignment.5.Unless you offer reasonable explanations and take the necessary remedial measures, the order will be canceled. If any serious loss results because of this, we will be taking legal action.IV.1. we are in receipt of2. did not conform to our agreement dated June 53. based on the wrong catalog4. the time for executing this agreement5. extend the time to6. with goods that conform to the agreement7. looking forward to your early reply/responseChapter ElevenKey:II.1 direct/indirect export2 外包合同3 sales representative4 独家代理5 consignment trade6 运输代理公司7 annual turnover 8 按佣金结算9 act as an agent 10 代售…的货物III.1.We are looking for a local company who are interested in sole agency and acting on our behalf in selling our goods and products.2.You will find that it is very profitable to represent us in handling our products as we offer a wide range of products which have attractive designs, best quality, reasonable in price, with first-class after-sales service and full guarantee for two years.3.We are a large import agency situated in Shanghai and dealing in industrial boilers. We ourselves have many contacts throughout China with established businesses who are in the market for your products.4.As an inducement to the agent we appoint, we are prepared to offer a 15% commission, plus a substantial advertising allowance. If sales are successful, we will extend your agency to cover the whole eastern area of the country.5.We expect manufacturers to offer us additional expenses of $50,000 per annum for any advertising that we think will help sell your products, plus advertising support in the form of brochures. In return we promise an annual sale of 3,000 motorcycles.6.The contract will be valid for one year effective as from 1 October, and will be renewed for a further year provided both parties agree by negotiation. Disputes if any should be settled through consultations.IV.COMMERCIAL AGENCY CONTRACTThis contract was made on the __third__day of ______May______, two thousand and __six__ between Mr. __John Smith___, representative of ____ ABC ______________________ Company (hereafter called the first Party) and Mr. ____Li Lin________ of _______XYZ________________Company (hereafter called the second Party). Whereas the first Party is willing to appoint the second party as the exclusive agent in the territory of _ the whole city of Dalian_ for selling the first Party’s plastic kitchenware. It is hereby mutually agreed as follows:1.The first Party shall supply the second Party with finished products of __ plastic kitchenware__. The second Party shall be responsible for the packing and labeling with the trade mark and labels the same as the original ones.2.The monthly sales of the second Party shall not be less than ___200___ sets/boxes.3.This contract shall be cancelled at any time should the second Party fail to meet the agreedsales quantity for ____six months______.4.Advertising expenses shall be borne by ____the second Party______.5.With the consent of both Parties, this contract shall be effective commencing from the date ofsigning, valid for __one year__ and renewable automatically for another year unless either party gives at least three months’ prior written notice of his intention to terminate the contract.6.This contract shall be made in __duplicate__, both in _English_ and _Chinese_, and eachParty shall keep one copy. In case of any discrepancies between the Chinese and the English copy, the ____English____ copy shall govern.7.This contract can be amended with both Parties’ consent.The first Party The second PartyChapter TwelveII.1 SS - Steam Ship2 航运船舶3 MV - Motor Vessel4 客货船5 general cargo ship6 集装箱船7 registered tonnage 8 发货人/托运人9 port of departure 10 接货地11 made to order and blank-endorsed 12 租船契约III.1.Would you please quote for collecting from my No.5 warehouse at the development zone andshipping to Tianjin a consignment of 100 computers packed in 10 wooden cases and measuring 60x40x20cm?2.The first available vessel sailing from Hong Kong to Amsterdam is the SS Orient, whichdeparts on 5 June and is due in Amsterdam on about 10 July. The vessel will stay here for 7 days and accept your No.5 consignment from 28 May. We shall handle all the shipping and insurance formalities / shipping formalities and insurance.3.I hope that the goods can be shipped promptly after you get our L/C.4.We are pleased to inform you that we have been able to secure a bulk ship for you to charter,which has a cargo capacity of fifty thousand tons and a speed of 20 knots and which will certainly meet your requirement of shipping iron ore from Australia to Shanghai.5.Shipment should be made before October, otherwise we are not able to catch the season.6.The order is so urgently required that we must ask you to expedite shipment.7.Please see to it that the goods are shipped by S.S. Tianshan sailing on or about October 15.8.The ship should be at the port of loading within 15 to 20 days after we have got the goodsready for shipment.IV.ShipperShenzhen Camera Developing Co., 21 Bagua 3rd Road, ShenzhenChina Ocean Shipping Company BILL OF LADINGORIGINALDIRECT OR WITH TRANSSHIPMENTB/L No. SCD 3-688ConsigneeTo Order of ShipperAtlantic Trade Co., Ltd. SanFrancisco, U.S.ANotifyAtlantic Trade Co., Ltd. SanFrancisco, U.S.AVesselBroadwayPort of loading Port of DischargeShekou, Shenzhen San FranciscoNationality The P. R. China Freight Payable at Shekou, ShenzhenParticulars Furnished by the ShipperMarks and Numbers No. of Packages Description of Goods Gross Weight Measurement SC-SAN-3500 cartons Digital Camera1,810kgs25m3Total packages (in words:) Five Hundred Cartons OnlyFreight and ChargeDated Oct 25, 2005 at ShenzhenWang Yikuan For the MasterChapter ThirteenII.1 the insured 2保险金额3 certificate of insurance4 仲裁裁定5 WPA6 平安险7 floating policy 8 预约保单9 insurance broker 10 赔偿和赔款III.1. What types of cover does your company usually undertake?2. If we conclude the business on a CIF basis, what cover will you take out for the goods?3. Who will pay the premium for the risk of breakage?4. As our present policy runs/expires/is due at the end of this month and we are not going to renew it with our former insurer who charges too high insurance rates, we would like to know if you could offer a comprehensive property insurance policy covering our premises along with fixtures and fittings against fire, flood, accident and theft. Our premises are valued at $2 million. No dangerous situations whatsoever have happened since the factory went into operation.5. Thank you for your enquiry of June 4 about the comprehensive property protection and we are pleased to inform you that the kind of insurance coverage you require is Policy A362 which covers against theft in addition to the coverage you mentioned, with the premium of 3‰.6. In reply to your letter of August 8 in which you asked about cover for a shipment of your consignment from this port to Shanghai, China, we are enclosing a cover note/proposal form which should be completed and sent to us by return of post.7. The survey report shows the loss as follows: 10 cases were missing and 5 cases were wetted whose contents can be sold at discounted prices. Therefore, we are prepared to offer you a partial compensation of $4,000 under the policy. Your earliest reply with acceptance will be appreciated.IV.T he People’s Insurance Company of ChinaHead Office: BEIJING Established in 1949Marine Cargo Transportation Insurance Policy Invoice No. SWT/3500298Policy No. TY36-20081 This Policy of Insurance witnesses that The People’s Insurance Company of China (hereinafter called “The Company”) at the request of Shanghai Textiles I/E Corp(hereinafter called “the Insured”) and in consideration of the agreed premium paid to the Company by the Insured, undertakes to insure the under-mentioned goods in transportation subject to the conditions of the Policy as per the Clauses printed overleaf and other special clauses attached hereon.MARKS & NOs. QUANTITY DESCRIPTIONS OFAMOUNT INSUREDGOODSN/M 4 CASES Garment USD 1 839.00Total amount insured USD 1 839.00Premium As arranged Rate As arranged Per conveyance S. S. S. S. Victory Sig. on or abt. Nov. 10, 2005 from Shanghai to Hong Kong Conditions All RisksThe People’s Insurance Company of China Claim payable at Hong Kong Wang PingDate Sept. 25, 2005Deputy Manager。

小沈的单词本Chapter 3. 人体与健康包括：a. 身体器官; b. 节律与心理; c. 医院与卫生; d. 疾病; e. 药物与治疗.N.B.The words with shading are not required in IELTS, but required in at least one another examination, including TOEFL, SAT, GRE, CET4/6, and NETM. Also, the italicized words are neither required in IELTS, nor in TOEFL, SAT, GRE, CET4/6, or NETM according to YouDao Dict.The BrE phonetic transcriptions, but the NAmE spellings are typed in this article.There are 10 chapters in this article, other chapters and a complete version can be found in my Baidu blog.注意带黄底的单词是非雅思要求的词汇，但是是托福、SAT、GRE、四六级、考研英语之中至少一种考试所要求的词汇. 而斜体的单词既不是雅思要求的词汇，也不是托福、SAT、GRE、四六级、考研英语要求的词汇.本材料中采用单词的英音音标、美式拼写.本材料共10章, 其他章节和一个完整版均可以在我的百度文库店铺中找到.Chapter 3. 人体与健康a.身体器官organ /ˈɔːɡən/器官bone /bəʊn/ 骨骼backbone /ˈbækbəʊn/ 脊椎skeleton /ˈskelɪtn/ 骨架；骨骼spine /spaɪn/ 脊椎；脊柱skull /skʌl/ 脑壳rib /rɪb/ 肋骨；排骨cheek /tʃiːk/ 面颊；脸颊forehead /ˈfɔːhed/ 前额brow=eyebrow /braʊ/ 眉毛eyelash/ˈaɪlæʃ/ 睫毛lip 嘴唇tongue /tʌŋ/ 舌头chin /tʃɪn/ 下巴；v.引体向上jaw /dʒɔː/ 下巴；颌；v.唠叨；教训beard /bɪəd/ (长)胡须(总称) mustache/moustache /ˈmʌstæʃ/ 八字胡whisker/'hwɪskə/络腮胡goatee /ɡəʊˈtiː/山羊胡fine hair 汗毛chest /tʃest/ 胸部abdomen /ˈæbdəmən/ 腹部；腹腔waist /weɪst/ 腰部shoulder /ˈʃəʊldə(r)/ 肩膀trunk /trʌŋk/ 躯干thigh /θaɪ/ 大腿joint /dʒɔɪnt/ 关节knee 膝盖lap /læp/ 大腿；拍打ankle /ˈæŋkl/ 踝关节heel 脚后跟toe /təʊ/ 脚趾forearm/'fɔːrɑːm/ 前臂limb /lɪm/ 臂；肢elbow /ˈelbəʊ/ 肘部；扶手wrist 手腕thumb /θʌm/ 拇指finger 手指palm /pɑːm/ 手掌fist 拳头viscus/'vɪskəs/ 内脏viscera/ˈvɪsərə/ (复数)内脏belly /ˈbeli/ 腹部；胃liver 肝脏stomach /ˈstʌmək/ 胃appendix /əˈpendɪks/ 阑尾womb /wuːm/ 子宫；发源地kidney 肾脏lung 肺gland 腺体intestine/ɪnˈtestɪn/ 肠；内部的chamber /ˈtʃeɪmbə(r)/ (器官内的)腔/室throat /θrəʊt/ 喉咙；嗓子pore /pɔː(r)/ 毛孔；(植物上的)气孔artery/ˈɑːtəri/ 动脉；干道；主流vein /veɪn/ 静脉；血管vessel /ˈvesl/ 血管；船舰anatomy /əˈnætəmi/ 解剖(学)b.节律与心理biorhythm /ˈbaɪəʊrɪðəm/ 生物节律flesh /fleʃ/ 肉；肉体physical examination 体检stature /ˈstætʃə(r)/ 身高body weight 体重gender /ˈdʒendə(r)/性别calories /ˈkæləri/ 卡路里caloric intake 卡路里摄取量pulse /pʌls/ 脉搏blood pressure 血压vital /ˈvaɪtl/至关重要的；有活力的vital capacity 肺活量vision /ˈvɪʒn/ 视力myopia /maɪˈəʊpiə/ 近视的short/long sight 近/远视nearsighted/shortsighted 近视的How strong are your glasses?/What’s the power of your glasses?/How good is your vision?diopter /daɪ'ɒptə/ 屈光度I am nearsighted with 6 diopters. 我600度近视The vision of my right eye is minus 4 dioters.我右眼近视400度contace lenses /'lensɪz/ 隐形眼镜color blindness/weakness 色盲/弱auditory sense /ˈɔːdətri/听觉smell 嗅觉gustation/gʌ'steɪʃ(ə)n/ 味觉perceive /pəˈsiːv/ v.察觉；认知perception /pəˈsepʃn/ 认知能力；直觉；洞察力perceptive /pəˈseptɪv/ 有感知的；有洞察力的muscle 肌肉hormone /ˈhɔːməʊn/ 激素；荷尔蒙male (sex) hormone 雄性激素cholesterol /kəˈlestərɒl/ 胆固醇stimulus /ˈstɪmjələs/ 刺激(物)psychosis/saɪˈkəʊsɪs/ 精神病；精神错乱trauma /ˈtrɔːmə/ (精神上的)创伤insomnia /ɪnˈsɒmniə/ 失眠症phobia /ˈfəʊbiə/ 恐惧症have a phobia about 恐…症depression /dɪˈpreʃn/ 抑郁症；沮丧autism/ˈɔːtɪzəm/ 自闭症autistic /ɔːˈtɪstɪk/ 自闭的nerve 神经immunity/ɪˈmjuːnəti/ 免疫(力)immune system /ɪˈmjuːn/免疫系统respiration /ˌrespəˈreɪʃn/ 呼吸(作用) respiratory system /ˈrespərətri/ 呼吸系统respirator /ˈrespəreɪtə(r)/呼吸机；口罩digestion /dɪˈdʒestʃən/ 消化digestive system /dɪˈdʒestɪv/ 消化系统c.医院与卫生hospital 医院cabin hospital /ˈkæbɪn/ 方舱医院clinic /ˈklɪnɪk/ 诊所；医务室；临床outpatient 门诊emergency 急诊ambulance /ˈæmbjələns/救护车inpatient 住院的(病人)doctor 医生physician /fɪˈzɪʃn/ (内科)医生surgeon /ˈsɜːdʒən/ 外科医生dentist 牙医specialist /ˈspeʃəlɪst/专科医生consultant /kənˈsʌltənt/ [英]会诊医生；顾问anesthetist/æ'niːsθətɪst/ 麻醉师pharmacist /ˈfɑːməsɪst/ 药剂师pharmacy /ˈfɑːməsi/ 药房；药学dispenser /dɪˈspensə(r)/ 药剂师；自动售货机psychologist /saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/ 心理医生；心理学家nurse 护士；保姆in hospital 住院be hospitalized 住院discharge n./v.释放；出院；放电；撤销sanitary /ˈsænətri/ 卫生的；清洁的；公共厕所hygiene /ˈhaɪdʒiːn/ 卫生；卫生学hygienic/haɪˈdʒiːnɪk/ 卫生的；保健的sterilize /ˈsterəlaɪz/ v.消毒；杀菌sanitize /ˈsænɪtaɪz/ v.消毒sanitizer/sterilizer 消毒剂/消毒器disinfect /ˌdɪsɪnˈfekt/ 将…消毒disinfectant fluid=disinfector消毒剂bactericide /bækˈtɪərɪsaɪd/杀菌剂d.疾病acute 急性的；严重的；敏锐的chronic /ˈkrɒnɪk/ 慢性的symptom /ˈsɪmptəm/ 症状manifest (病症)出现syndrome /ˈsɪndrəʊm/ 综合症；并发症dysfunction/dɪsˈfʌŋkʃn/ 功能紊乱disorder n./v.混乱；失调disordered 混乱的；失调的dystrophy /ˈdɪstrəfi/ 营养不良diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/ 糖尿病obesity /əʊˈbiːsəti/ 肥胖症hypertension /ˌhaɪpəˈtenʃn/ 高血压；过度紧张paralysis /pəˈræləsɪs/ 瘫痪paralyze /ˈpærəlaɪz/ 使…麻痹；使…瘫痪cancer /ˈkænsə(r)/ 癌症；恶性肿瘤tumor /'tju:mə(r)/ 肿瘤；肿块；赘生物allergy /ˈælədʒi/ 过敏症；反感allergic to /əˈlɜːdʒɪk/stroke /strəʊk/ 中风；划；撞击inflammation /ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn/ 炎症eliminate inflammation of 消缓…的炎症arthritis /ɑːˈθraɪtɪs/ 关节炎heart disease 心脏病heart attack 心脏病发作headache /ˈhedeɪk/ 头痛swell /swel/ 肿胀；膨胀bruise /bruːz/ 擦伤；青肿scar /skɑː(r)/ 伤痕；伤疤wound 创伤；(刀/枪)伤lump 块；肿块；瘤pimple /ˈpɪmpl/ 丘疹plague /pleɪɡ/ 瘟疫flu=influenza /ˌɪnfluˈenzə/ 流感fever /ˈfiːvə(r)/ 发烧epidemic /ˌepɪˈdemɪk/ 传染性的；传染病；疫情pandemic /pænˈdemɪk/ (全国或全球性)流行病infection 感染；传染病infect v.感染；传染infectious /ɪnˈfekʃəs/ 传染的contagious /kənˈteɪdʒəs/ 感染性的；会蔓延的quarantine /ˈkwɒrəntiːn/ v./n.(检疫)隔离segregate /ˈseɡrɪɡeɪt/ (按种族)隔离；分离isolate /ˈaɪsəleɪt/ 隔离；孤立mortal /ˈmɔːtl/ 致死的；凡人(的) fatal /ˈfeɪtl/ 致命的；重大的lethal/ˈliːθl/ 致命的e.药物与治疗remedy /ˈremədi/ 疗法；补救prescription /prɪˈskrɪpʃn/ 药方；处方prescribe 开处方diagnose /ˈdaɪəɡnəʊz/ 诊断curative /ˈkjʊərətɪv/ 有疗效的；药品；疗法drug 药品；毒品pill 药丸capsule /ˈkæpsjuːl/ 胶囊；太空舱vitamin /ˈvɪtəmɪn/ 维生素supplement /ˈsʌplɪmənt/ 补品vaccine /ˈvæksiːn/ 疫苗vaccinate sb. against /ˈvæksɪneɪt/给…接种…penicillin /ˌpenɪˈsɪlɪn/ 青霉素antibiotic /ˌæntibaɪˈɒtɪk/ 抗生素ibuprofen/ˌaɪbjuːˈprəʊfen/ 布洛芬；止痛药painkiller止痛药acupuncture /ˈækjupʌŋktʃə(r)/针灸morphine/ˈmɔːfiːn/ 吗啡cocaine /kəʊˈkeɪn/ 可卡因dose /dəʊs/ 一剂；v.服药X-ray X光transplant 移植injection 注射give sb. an injection 打针；输液penetrate/ˈpenətreɪt/ 穿过；渗透pierce/pɪəs/ 刺穿；穿孔insert /ɪnˈsɜːt/ 插入；添加saline /ˈseɪlaɪn/ 生理盐水；盐溶液glucose /ˈɡluːkəʊs/ 葡萄糖precaution /prɪˈkɔːʃn/ 预防cure 治愈heal 使…痊愈recovery 痊愈；恢复；重获refresh 使…恢复(精力) relief 减轻；安抚relieve v.减轻；安慰nourish /ˈnʌrɪʃ/ v.滋养nutrient /ˈnjuːtriənt/ 营养物；营养的nutrition/njuˈtrɪʃn/ 营养(学)；营养品。