期末2

仪分练习答案一．填空1 .1956年范第姆特提出速率理论方程。

其方程简式表示为_H=A+B/u + Cu__。

2．电位分析法中，基于电子交换反应的电极一般分为四类电极，Ag/Ag+ 属于第一类电极，Ag/AgCl属于第二类电极，Pt/Fe2+，Fe3+属于零类电极。

3．阴极析出电位是指使待测组分在阴极上产生连续不断的电极反应而被还原析出时所需的最__正__的阴极电位，所以析出电位越__正__者，越易在阴极上还原。

4．按照固定相的物态不同，可将气相色谱法分为气液色谱和气固色谱，前者的固定相是高沸点的有机物，后者的固定相是多孔性固体。

5．气相色谱仪由如下五个系统组成：气路系统，进样系统，分离系统，控制温度系统和检测记录系统。

6. 尺寸排阻色谱法与其它色谱法的不同之处在于它是按试样分子的尺寸和形状不同进行分离。

7．在直接电位法中，通常要向原电池中加入总离子强度调节液以保证活度系数恒定；在恒电流电解法中，为防止在电沉积一种金属离子时第二种金属离子不干扰，需向电解池中加入阴极去极剂；在极谱分析中，向电解池中加入大量支持电解质，可消除迁移电流。

8．恒电流库仑分析也叫库仑滴定，通常在电解液中加入浓度较大的物质做为辅助体系，以达到维持电流恒定。

9. 直接电位法测量某二价离子，若读数误差为±1mV时，则由此产生的浓度相对误差为±8% 。

10. 高效液相色谱仪主要包括高压输液系统，进样系统，分离系统和检测系统。

11、为消除担体表面的活性中心，提高柱效，通常要对其进行预处理，常用的处理方法有：酸洗，碱洗，硅烷化。

12.某离子选择性电极，其选择系数为K，当K ij<1时，表明电极对i离子的响ij应较对j的响应_强_；当K>1时，表明电极选择性倾向_j_离子；当K ij=1时，ij表明电极对i,j离子的响应相同。

13. 在气相色谱中，线速度较低时，范迪姆特方程分子扩散项是引起色谱峰扩展的主要因素，此时宜采用_相对分子质量较大的氮气或氩气__作载气，以提高柱效。

高等数学第二学期期末考试试题真题及完整答案一、填空题（将正确答案填在横线上)(本大题共5小题，每小题4分，总计20分)1、设函数，则=2、曲面在点处的切平面方程为____3、= .4、曲面积分= ，其中，为与所围的空间几何形体的封闭边界曲面，外侧.5、幂级数的收敛域为。

二、选择题（将选项填在括号内）(本大题共5小题，每小题4分，总计20分）1、函数在(1,1）点沿方向的方向导数为（ )。

（A） 0 （B） 1 （C) 最小 (D）最大2、函数在处( ）.(A）不连续，但偏导数存在 (B)不连续，且偏导数不存在（C)连续，但偏导数不存在 (D)连续，且偏导数存在3、计算=（ )，其中为（按逆时针方向绕行)．（A）0 (B）（C） (D)4、设连续,且,其中D由所围成，则（ )。

（A）（B) （C） (D)5、设级数收敛，其和为，则级数收敛于( )。

（A）(B）(C）（D）三、解答下列各题(本大题共3小题，每小题8分,总计24分)1、设函数由方程所确定，计算，。

2、计算，其中,为曲线,．3、求幂级数的和函数．三、解答下列各题(本大题共3小题，每小题8分，总计24分）1、求内接于半径为的球面的长方体的最大体积．2、计算，其中平面区域．3、计算，其中为平面被柱面所截得的部分.五、解答下列各题(本大题共2小题,每小题6分，总计12分）1、计算其中为上从点到点．2、将函数展开成的幂级数.答案及评分标准一、填空题 (本大题分5小题，每小题4分，共20分)1、 2、3、 4、 5、二、选择题（将选项填在括号内）(本大题共5小题，每小题4分，共20分）1、C2、A3、B4、D5、B三、解答下列各题(本大题共3小题,每小题8分，共24分)1、解：方程两端同时对分别求偏导数，有，………………6分解得：.…………………………………………8分2、解:作图（略）。

原式=………………………2分.………………………8分3、解：经计算，该级数的收敛域为。

三年级第二学期期末复习2——解决问题（2022.06.15周三完成）1、熊猫一天吃15千克食物，大象一天吃的食物比熊猫吃的18倍还多6千克。

大象一天吃多少千克的食物？2、熊猫一天吃15千克食物，长颈鹿实际一天吃的食物加上3千克，就是熊猫吃的4倍了。

长颈鹿实际一天吃多少千克食物？( )A 15X4+3B 15X4-3C 15×33、学校购买30套课桌椅（每套课桌椅中含一张桌子和一把椅子）共用去7290元，一张课桌145元，一把椅子多少元？4、如图，一板酸奶有8罐，一罐酸奶3元，5板这样的酸奶需要多少钱？5、图书馆新进160本书，放在2个书架上，每个书架有4层，平均每层放几本？6、如图，小胖从家走到学校要用8分钟。

他用同样的速度从家走到电影院要多少时间？7、学校需要采购6个足球，某品牌足球原价每个160元，现在甲、己两商店都对该品牌足球进行促销话动．(1）甲商店的促销话动：每个降价40元．现在买6个这样的足球要多少元？(2）乙商店的促销活动：买二赠一（即买两个足球，送一个同样的足球）。

现在买6个这样的足球要多少元？8、进阶练习（1）知道下面条件中的，就可以求出：“运来的薯片一共要多少钱”.（请写出符合条件的序号）①一共运来50箱薯片②每罐薯片8元③12罐薯片一箱④还有120箱薯片没有运来（2）六一儿童节，四1班要为每一位同学购买同一款蛋糕各一块，单买一块12元，如果购买一盒（每盒中有同款蛋糕6块）70元，四1班有45名学生，最少要花多少元？（3）儿童剧表演的门票价格是每张26元，学生购票可以有两种优惠方案（如下图），王老师要为三1班44名学生每人买一张票，哪种方案更省钱？一共要多少元？两种优惠不可同享：优惠一：每满1000元减200元（不满1000元不减）优惠二：40人以上每人优惠5元（不满40人不优惠）。

学校： 班级： 年级 班 姓名：订线装小学数学四年级期末考试模拟卷题号 一二三四五六七八九十总分等级得分这些都是本学期学过的内容，只要认真思考，细心答题，你们一定能行的。

加油哦！一、我会算：(共36分) 1、直接写得数：（每题1分） 400×70=320÷40=15×60=63÷7×8=15×40= 1600÷80=7200÷9= 640÷80÷4=634÷70= 25×40= 100-67= 12×4÷2=2、用竖式计算：（每题2分） 507×46= 265×68= 840÷35= 762÷19=3、简便计算： （每题2分） 8×72×125102×36 49×99＋49 900÷254、递等式计算:：（每题2分）（160－48÷12）×4 336÷[（36－29）×6] 62×（300－145÷5） 二、我会填。

（每题2分，共16分）1、从个位起，第五位是 位，第 位亿位，最大的六位数是 ，比最小六位数大1的数是 。

2、297304851读作 ，其中7在 位上，表示 。

把这个数四舍五入到万位大约是 。

3、三十二亿零五十万七千零一，写作 。

改作以“亿”作单位时，写作 。

4、84×390的积是 位数。

5、（480÷10）÷（120÷ ）=4 能填（ ）。

6、（ ）÷25＝20……157、如下图：如果汽车向东行驶50米记作＋50米，那么汽车向西行驶20米记作( )，一辆汽车先向西行驶40米，又向东行驶10米，这时汽车的位置记作（ ）。

验算8、元旦北京最高气温是零下3°C ，还可以表示为（ ）。

人物与历史文献USTea Act 茶税法The Treaty of Paris 巴黎公约 1783年美英两国于巴黎签订的条约同样成为《巴黎条约》，该条约的签订代表着英国承认美国独立，停止敌对行为，但仅承认美国占领密西西比河以东的土地。

第二次大陆会议 (The Second Continental Congress) 费城(Philadelphia)召开George Washington 乔治·华盛顿: commander in Continental Army«美利坚合众国宪法»（The Constitution of the United States），通称«美国联邦宪法»或«美国宪法»（U.S. Constitution） 1787年宪法Thomas Jefferson托马斯·杰斐逊:The Declaration of Independence «独立宣言»Abraham Lincoln亚伯拉罕·林肯:the Emancipation Proclamation «解放黑人奴隶宣言»Homestead Act «宅地法»Franklin D. Roosevelt富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福: The New Deal罗斯福新政1933年富兰克林·罗斯福就任美国总统后所实行的一系列经济政策，其核心是三个R：救济（Relief）、复兴（Recovery）和改革（Reform），因此有时也被称为三R新政。

Agricultural Adjustment Act «农业调整法»National Industrial Recovery Act «全国工业复兴法»«社会保障法»马丁．路德．金恩 (Martin Luther King)Civil Rights Movement 民权运动我有一个梦想 (I Have a Dream)Harry Truman哈瑞．杜鲁门:杜鲁门主义 The Truman Doctrine马歇尔计划（The Marshall Plan），也称为欧洲复兴计划European Recovery ProgramReagan里根: Star Wars Program 星球大战计划Irangate Scandal 伊朗门事件Nixon尼克松: Watergate Scandals 水门事件Bill Clinton 克林顿: Zippergate ScandalUK«大宪章»：Magna Carta / The Great Charter 1215年King John 国王约翰to impose legal limits on the King's personal power in raising money from his subjects«权力请愿书»: The Petition of Right 1628年Charles 查理一世第29页«权利法案» :Bill of Rights 第32页The treaty of Paris 1763年第32页概念搭配UK1、ConstitutionA constitution is a set of rules and conventions that lays down the powers and functions of state institutions and their relationship with each other.2、The cabinetThe major decision-making body in the government, is often associated with the office of the Prime Minister.3、Tribunal (法院，仲裁机构)A more informal and less expensive alternative to civil and criminal courts, which handles minor cases outside of the official court system.4、The Lord Chancellor（英国上议院的）大法官The Lord Chancellor is head of the judiciary (司法部，法院)in England and Wales.5、The social security systemIt is designed to secure a basic standard of living for people in financial need from the cradle to the grave.US1、Congress (国会)The legislative branch of the federal government ,is made up of the Senate and the House of Representative.2、The Supreme CourtConsists of a chief justice and eight associate justices.问答题英国部分Unit 3 P411. Who were the main foreign invaders of Britain at different times in British history? What contributions have they respectively made to the British culture, or what impacts have they had? 英国历史上不同时期主要的外国侵略者？及对英国的文化贡献或影响？P13(1)Julius Caesar 凯撒大帝(55BC) Hadrian’s Wall Words of Latin origins, Roman numbers, the solar calendar, Roman laws, and the census 人口普查['sensəs] took root locally. Christianity spread(2)Germanic tribesmen 日耳曼人 developed the Heptarchy, ['heptɑːk ɪ] 七王国；七头统治；七国连盟 established Old English(3)Anglo-Saxon盎格鲁-撒克逊 Christianity gained hold in Britain(4)Normans 诺曼人 made Norman feudalism封建主义；封建制度['fju ːdəlɪz(ə)m]2. What was the social background for the Reformation to take place in England? What major achievements did the Elizabethan [i,lizə'bi:θən] 伊丽莎白一世时代的era ['ɪərə] witness?英格兰革新的社会背景？伊丽莎白一世见证的成就？P28In the Middle Ages, the Church had gained not only material importance, but also extensive power in politics and law. ﹙P28﹚Elizabeth: Putting to rest the religious issues;Reducing the power of the old nobility;Reaching farther than before through trade and adventure;Defeating Armada at sea Cultural and artistic movements (the English Renaissance)3. How did the English Civil War break out? What were the consequencesof the war?英国内战如何爆发？结果如何？P29The absolute rule of Charles I aroused the resistance of the people and the bourgeoisies. Charles took conteraction. He wanted to arrest Pym, Hampden and three other leaders of the Commons, but he failed to do so. So, he departed for the north, hoping to find supporters in the west and north districts. Thus the Civil War began.Consequences: The King Charles’s arm was defeated. Charles I was beheaded. In 1649, the House of Lords and the office of King were abolished and a Council of State was set to carry the executive work of the government, and England was declared a Commonwealth.Unit 4 P504. What are the characteristics of the British Constitution ?英国宪法的特点？P43(1)Constitutional monarchy ['mɒnəkɪ] 君主立宪制(2)Parliamentary sovereignty ['sɒvrɪntɪ] 议会至上(3)Representative democracy 代议民主(4)The rule of law ﹝P43﹞5. What are the functions of Parliament? How does the law-making process work?议会的功能是什么？法律制定工作是如何运行的？P44(1)To legislate立法(2)To vote the taxation 征税 and expenditures [ɪk'spɛndɪtʃɚ] 支出of the government(3)To examine government policies and administration 行政(4)To debate major political issues of the day （P45）6. What is meant by the “two-party system” in the UK today? How effective is such a system ?英国两党制在今天有何意义？这种制度如何起作用？P48 The British party politics of government in the UK Parliament with power being held by either Conservative Party or Labour Party. The party which wins most MP seats in the House of Common becomes the goverment. The largest minority party becomes the official Opposition,with its own leader and "shadow cabinet".美国部分Unit 1 P1231.What are the characteristics of "Middle America", geographically,culturally, and politically?美国中部的地理、文化、政治特点？P115 Geographically, the Middle America refers to the territory between the East Coast of the United States (particularly the northeast) and the West Coast. It has yielded some of America's greatest agricultural and mineral wealth,is the heart of America.Culturally, America is contrasted with the more culturally progressive urban areas of the country, particularly, those of the East and West Coasts. The conservative values considered typical of Middle America (often called "family values" in American politics) are oftencalled "Middle American values".The idea of Middle America may exclude locations such as Chicago (the third largest city in the United States and one of the world's ten alpha cities) and very wealthy cities like Aspen, Colorado. The coastal regions of the southern United States are implicitly included.Politically, The phrase Middle American values is a political clich é; like family values, it refers to more traditional or conservative politics, although larger cities such as St. Louis, Missouri and Minneapolis, Minnesota, and major university towns such as Madison, Wisconsin, Columbia, Missouri and Lawrence, Kansas provide exceptions. Many of the political battleground states are situated in "Middle America".2.What makes the Northeast stand out as a unique cultural region?美国东北部独特的文化区域？P119the Northeast of America is densely populated and high urban, and it's the nation's economic and cultural center. Since this area was one of the two earliest settlements by British colonists, Americans tend to trace many of the nation's core values to the region. One of the region's greatest strengths in its economic competition with other regions is its long tradition of support for education. Additionally, the region has also enjoyed a long history of booming tourism industry, both for its beautiful landscape and for its significant role in shaping the early part of American history.Unit 2 P1433.What do you think of the Founding Fathers of the United States ofAmerica? Were they great ?你怎么看待美国的开国元勋？他们获得哪些伟大的成就？America has produced such great men as George Washington,Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln. Undoubtedly, the Founding Fathers of the United States of America made great contributions to the US. All served in important positions in the early government of the United States. They also put forth a set of political ideas that became so deeply embedded in the national consciousness that they are often referred to as the "American Credo".4.What were the main reasons that made the United States the world'sleading industrial power in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?19到20世纪美国位于世界工业霸权的地位的主要原因？P128A Yankee tradition of trade and commerce that provided both the skill and the capital required for industrial expansion; a commitment to private property and the profit system that gave the Rockefellers , the Morgans , and the Carnegies the incentive to build corporate empires ; an abundant and skilled labour supply ; political institutions ......P130第一段全部5. What were the chief causes of the Great Depression? Did the New Dealsolve the problems brought about by the Depression? Why and why not?大萧条的主要原因？新政解决大萧条问题了吗？P132The chief causes can be found in the unbalanced economy both domestic and international of the twenties.The New Deal didn't solve the problem itself. The New Deal was a series economic programs to help alleviate the disastrous impact of the Great Depression. The programs focused on three aspects, including relief for the unemployed and poor, recovery of the economy to normal levels and reform the financial system to prevent a repeated depression.小测Part 1: True or False1. The United Kingdom consists of four political divisions — England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. F Northern Ireland英国由四个政治区组成：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰 P32. The longest river in Britain is the Thames. F the Severn英国最长的河流是赛文河 P73. In the UK, most undergraduate (bachelor’s) degrees take three years to complete. T在英国，大多数本科（学士）学位需要三年才能完成P964. The English, the Scots, and the Welsh are Anglo-Saxons, but the Irish are Celts. F只有英格兰人才能可盎格鲁—萨克逊人only The English is Anglo-Saxons P135. Social class in the UK lays more emphasis on money and property. F 英国的社会阶层更注重金钱和财产6. The name “England” derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who came to England in the 5th and 6th centuries. T“英国”的名字来自于盎格鲁，在第五和第六世纪中来到英国的日耳曼部落中的一个 P137. The Bank of England is a commercial bank. F英国银行是一家国家中央银行 the country’s central bank P678. The members of House of Lord are non-elected. T上议院的成员是非选举产生的P459. More than half of the full-time farms in the UK are devoted to livestock. T超过一半的英国全日制农场从事畜牧业P6510. The UK’s biggest-selling newspaper is The Times. F英国销量最大的报纸是太阳报 The Sun P10411. The UK Parliament comprises two elements: the House of Lord and the House of Commons. F英国议会由三个部分组成：王权、上议院和下议院 The Crown、the non-elected House of Lord and the elected House of Commons P45 12. Social Security in U.K. is mainly supported by the government.F英国的社会保障主要是由纳税机构支持的。

甘旗卡第二中学2009～2010学年度高校二年生期末試験日本語試験注意：将所有答案均写在解答用紙上，卷面总分150分。

一．选出划线上词语的正确读音１×７＝７点１．今日の交流会はこれで終わりたいと思います。

A．こうしゅうかいB．こうりゅうかいC．こうそうかいD．かんこうかい２．一週間の予定にはホームステイもあって、不安でした。

A.てようB.よそうC.よていD.よでい３．別れるときのお母さんの言葉を忘れることができません。

A.べつB.わかC.べD.と４．このホームステイのことが今にも心に残っています。

A.のこB.このC.ざんD.ねん５．皆さん、トウモロコシはこうやって両手で取ってください。

A.りょうていB.りょてい D.りょうしゅ６．それでは、遠慮なく、いただきます。

A.えんりょB.えんりょうC.えんじょD.えんじょう７．これからはロボットの研究をしたいと思っています。

A．げんきゅう B.けんしゅう C.けんきゅう D.げんぎゅう二．选出划线上词语的日文汉字１×８＝８点８．この意見に村のみんなはさんせいしてくれました。

A.賛否B.賛成C.賛許D.賛さん９．美しいトキが飛ぶ世界を作ろうと、今も日本と中国はきょうりょくしています。

A.脇力B.橋力C.協凡D.協力10．今日、朝からくもっていました。

A．曇B．雲 C.雨 D.雪11．日曜日はたいてい家で、テレビを見たり、本を読んだり、せんたくしたりするんです。

A.洗濯B.選択C.洗剤D.洗集12．世界のねったいりんは約20％、少なくなりました。

A.熱大林B.熱帯森C.暑帯林D.熱帯林13．ちょさくけんがなければ、写真などを使うことができません。

A.諸策権B.著作権C．著訓権 D.所作権14．わたしはよくなかまと一緒にプールに行ったものだった。

A.中間B.仲聞C.仲間D.中開15．目が見えない人を広い世界へあんないします。

A.案内B.案外C.案舞D.案件三．选出划线上词语的正确選項45点16．森山中学校みなさん、また中国に遊びに来てください。

C语言期末试题2（带答案）13-14-2 48课时C语言模拟练习总共42题共100分答卷编号：12311112222211333答题开始时间：2014-06-09 10:52:09答题结束时间：2014-06-09 10:52:13考生姓名：翟方正考试时间：00:00:04分钟总得分：0分评卷人：系统自动评卷评卷时间：2014-06-09 10:52:13一、单选题（共15题,共30分）1. 在C语言中，回车换行符是（）（2分）A.'\n'B.'\t'C.'\v'D.'\b'标准答案：A考生答案：2. 以下选项中，不能作为合法常量的是（）（2分）A.1.234e04B.1.234e0.4C.1.234e+4D.1.234e0标准答案：B考生答案：3. 若有语句int *point,A=4;和point=&A下面均代表地址的一组选项是（）（2分）A.A,point,*&AB.&*A,&A,*pointC.*&point,*point,&AD.&A,&*point ,point标准答案：D考生答案：4. 设x，y和z都是int型变量，且x=3，y=4，z=5，则下面表达式中，值为0的表达式是（）（2分）A.x&&yB.x<=yC.x︱︱++y&&y-zD.!(x<y&& !z︱︱1)<="" p="">标准答案：D考生答案：5. 以下叙述中正确的是（）（2分）A.C语言可以用来编写系统软件，也可以用来编写应用软件B.函数体不必用一对大括号{}括起来C.C程序的每一行只能写一条语句D.对一个C程序进行编译的过程可以发现注释中的拼写错误标准答案：A考生答案：6. 执行下面程序段后，c3中的值是（）int c1=1,c2=2,c3;c3=c1/c2; （2分）A.0B.1/2C.0.5D.1标准答案：A7. 以下程序的输出结果是( )main(){ int a=12,b=12;printf("%d %d\n",--a,++b);} （2分）A.10 10B.12 12C.11 10D.11 13标准答案：D考生答案：8. 以下定义语句中，错误的是( ) （2分）A.int a[]={1,2};B.char *a[3];C.char s[10]="test";D.int n=5,a[n];标准答案：D考生答案：9. 以下程序的输出结果是（）main(){int k=11;printf("k=%d,k=%o,k=%x\n",k,k,k);} （2分）A.k=11,k=12,k=11B.k=11,k=13,k=13C.k=11,k=013,k=0xbD.k=11,k=13,k=b 标准答案：D考生答案：10. main( ){int p[7]={11,13,14,15,16,17,18}, i=0,k=0; while(i<7&&p[i]%3){k =k+ p[i]; i++;}printf("%d\n", k);}执行后输出结果是（）（2分）A.58B.53C.38D.24标准答案：C考生答案：11. 以下程序段的输出结果是（）int x=0,y=5,z=3;while(z-->0&&++x<5) y=y-1;printf("%d,%d,%d\n",x,y,z); （2分）A.3,2,0B.3,2,-1C.4,3,-1D.5,-2,-5考生答案：12. 若以下程序所生成的可执行文件名为file1.exe,则当在操作系统状态下输入下述命令行执行该程序时FILE1 CHINA BEIJING SHANGHAI程序的输出结果是（）#includemain(int argc,char *argv[]){while (argc-->1){++argv;printf("%s ",*argv);}printf("\n");} （2分）A.CHINA BEIJING SHANGHAIB.FILE1 CHINA BEIJING SHANGHAIC.C B SD.F C B标准答案：A考生答案：13. 执行下述程序的输出结果是（）#includeint power(int x,int y);main(){float a=2.6,b=3.4;int p;p=power((int)a,(int)b);printf("%d\n",p);}int power(int x,int y){int i,p=1;for (i=y;i>0;i--)p=p*x;return (p);} （2分）A.8B.9C.27D.81标准答案：A考生答案：14. 有以下程序main(){ int x[8]={8,7,6,5,0,0}, *s;s=x+3;printf("%d\n",s[2]);}A.随机值B.0C.5D.6标准答案：B考生答案：15. 执行下述程序的输出结果是（）#includemain(){int aa[3][3]={{2},{4},{6}};int i,*p=&aa[0][0];for (i=0;i<2;i++){if (i==0)aa[i][i+1]=*p+1;else++p;printf("%d",*p);}printf("\n");} （2分）A.23B.26C.33D.36标准答案：A考生答案：二、判断题（共10题,共10分）1. C语言中，标识符的第一个字符可以是数字（1分） ( )标准答案：错误考生答案：2. "hello!"是合法的字符串常量表示形式（1分） ( )标准答案：正确考生答案：3. 若有定义int a[3][4];则a[1+1][0]是对数组a元素的正确引用形式（1分） ( )标准答案：正确考生答案：4. 在switch语句中使用continue语句与使用break语句作用相同（1分） ( )标准答案：错误考生答案：5. 用do-while语句构成循环时，只要while后的表达式为0时就结束循环（1分） ( )标准答案：正确考生答案：6. char a[]={0,1,2,3,4,5,6};不是正确的语句（1分） ( )标准答案：错误考生答案：7. 已经定义了指针变量p，且p指向变量a(即p=&a)，则*p与a的含义相同。

铁路信号运营期末复习21、我国铁路信号设备必须符合故障—安全原则。

2、信号显⽰制度有进路制和速差制，我国⽬前使⽤的是简易速差制。

3、调车信号机按其性质可以分为单置、并置、差置、尽头型。

4、电动转辙机的⼯作状态为解锁、转换、锁闭，ZD6型电动转辙机的转换锁闭装置由锁闭齿轮和齿条块构成。

5、道岔的锁闭⽅式可分为内锁闭和外锁闭两种。

提速道岔采⽤的锁闭⽅式为外锁闭。

6、在信号的显⽰中，除了采⽤红、绿、黄三种基本颜⾊以外，还采⽤⽉⽩⾊和蓝⾊等颜⾊。

蓝⾊表⽰为“容许信号”或“禁⽌调车信号”；⽽⽉⽩⾊则表⽰为引导信号”或“准许调车信号”。

7、继电器的吸起、落下是依靠牵引特性和机械特性两种特性完成的。

8、轨道电路的基本⼯作状态分为调整状态、分路状态和断轨状态三种，这三种状态受外界因素道碴电阻、钢轨阻抗、电源电压的影响最⼤。

1、铁路线路是由路基、桥隧建筑物和轨道组成的⼀个整体⼯程结构。

2、铁路主要技术标准包括铁路等级、正线数⽬、限制坡度、最⼩曲线半径、牵引种类、（机车类型、机车交路、车站分布、到发线有效长度和闭塞类型等。

3、基本阻⼒包括(空⽓阻⼒、车轴与轴承之间的磨擦阻⼒、轮轨之间的磨擦阻⼒、钢轨接头对车轮的撞击阻⼒等。

4、附加阻⼒包括：(坡道阻⼒)、（曲线阻⼒）、（起动阻⼒）、（隧道阻⼒）。

5、在平⾯图上，铁路曲线包括(圆曲线)和（缓和曲线）。

6、坡道坡度的⼤⼩是⽤（千分率表⽰的）。

7、在⼀个区段上，决定⼀台某⼀类型机车所能牵引的货物列车重量的坡度，叫做限制坡度。

8、竖曲线的半径，Ⅰ、Ⅱ级铁路规定为（10000）⽶，Ⅲ级铁路规定为（5000⽶）。

9、⼀条铁路线在空间的位置是⽤它的线路中⼼线来表⽰的，中⼼线点的位置是在路肩连线的）中点10、路肩的宽度，ⅠⅡ级铁路路堤不少于0.6⽶，路堑不少于0.4⽶，Ⅲ级铁路路肩不少于0.4）。

11、桥梁由（桥⾯）、（桥跨结构）（墩台及基础）三⼤部分组成。

12、轨道是列车运⾏的基础。

期末复习⼆（含答案）期末复习（⼆）易混词语填空1. a/an/theA. There's "u" and _____ "s" in _____ word "us".B. There is _____ young man and _____ old man in the photo. ______ old man is _____ young man's father.2. one/onesA. I don't like this skirt. Show me that _____.B. The new skirts are mine. The old _____ are yours.3. by/with/in/useA. Jay can sing the song _____ either Chinese or English. How great!B. I won't believe it until I see it _____ my own eyes.C. We usually ______ a ruler to draw a straight line.D. Miss Zhao goes to work ______ bike.4. put on/wear/in/dressA. The twins don't always _____ the same clothes,B. The woman _____ a red hat is our new English teacher.C. It's very cold today. Please _____ more clothes when you go out.D. Mother is ______ my baby sister now.5. other/another/the other/others/the othersA. Those shoes are too small for me. Would you show me _____ pair?.B. There are six people in the room. Three are girls, _____ three are boys.C. He is always helping _____.D. There are many books in the box. Ten of them are mine, _____are my sisler's,E. Mr Liu and Miss Sun and four ______ teachers are teaching this class.6. look for/find/find outA. Please try to _____ who stole the computer.B. Please help me _____ my mobile phone, I can't _____ it.7. look/read/see/watchA. _____ at the picture! What can you ______ in it?B. I'll _____ a book instead of _____ TV tonight.8. take/bring/carry/getA. The woman was _____ a big bag. Let's help her.B. Next lime when you come, _____ me the book,please.C. Who's _____ away today's newspaper?. I haven't read it yet.D. Go and _____ me some water, rm thirsty.9. each/everyA. "_____ of them speaks a foreign language." means _____ one of them speaks a foreign language."B. There are some big shops on _____ side of the street.10. problem/questionA. What is the biggest _____ in the world? Can you answer this _____ ?B. The _____ is that he's always asking me such foolish _____.11. sometime/sometimes/some time/some timesA. Please read the text _____ until you can recite it.B. I will go shopping _____ tomorrow.C. He waited for _____ then left.D. They _____ play football after school.12. may be/maybeA. Tom, ______ you are right.B. The mon over there ______ Li Lei's English teacher.13. have been to/have been in/have gone toA. They ______ Beijing for five years,B. They ______ Beijing three times.C. ---- Where're they? ---- They ______ Beijing.14. that/which/whoA. This is the best film _____ has been shown this year.B. You can take any seat _____ is free.C. Is there anything ______ I can do for you?D. Those ______ know the answer, put up your hands.E. The teacher, ______ comes from England, speaks English.⼀、单项选择1. ---Your dress is very beautiful, Mary. --- ____.A. Not at allB. Just so-so.C. No, it isn’t.D. Thank you2. We_____ spend too much time in watching TV.A. told don'tB. told not to .C. were told not toD. were told to not3. He said he ___ never seen _____ an exciting football match before.A. has, soB. has, suchC. had, soD. had, such4. We study five days week and on Sundays we often play ____football.A. a；theB. 不填；aC. an；aD. a；不填5.____John ____ Jack may go with you because one of them must stay at home.A. Neither；norB. Both；andC. Either；orD. Not only；but also6. He told me that he _____ here for five minutes.A. has comeB. had arrivedC. had beenD. came7. ---_____ are the Olympic Games held？. ---Every four years..A. How oftenB. WhenC. How soonD. How long8. You won't pass the exam ____ you study hard.A. ifB. when .C. afterD. unless9. ---Could I use your bike？---Yes，of course you _____.A. canB. couldC. mustD. will10. All of us preferred ________ to ________ there by bus.A. walking; goB. to walk; goC. to walk; goingD. walking; going11. I've given you everything ____ I have.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whom12. Forty minutes _______ for the children to finish all the work.A. is quite a long timeB. are quite long .C. was a quite long timeD. were quite long time13. ______ of us has read the story，so we know nothing about it.A. SomeB. BothC. NoneD. All14. ---Would you like some more rice? . ---Yes，Just ______.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little15. ---Look! That man looks like Mr Brown. ---It _____ be him，for he _____ America.A. can't；has gone toB. may not；has goneC. mustn't；has been toD. can't；has been to16. Jim with his parents _____ abroad. They ____ back in two weeks.A. have gone；will comeB. has gone；will comeC. have been to；have comeD. has been；come17. ______ he failed in the maths exam again，______ he never gave up.A. Because，soB. Because，/C. Although，butD. Although，/18. ---Would you mind my opening the windows? ---_____.A. Sorry. I wouldn'tB. No，of course notC. It doesn't matterD. Yes，please19. ---Why not come and join us in the game? ---_____. But I must meet Mr Smith at his office now..A. I'd like toB. Let's goC. Yes，pleaseD. It's a pleasure20. ---Will you please show me the photo of your family? ---OK. I will ____ it here tomorrow.A. takeB. catchC. bringD. carry21. Keep _______，and you'll succeed.A. to tryB. triesC. tryingD. tried22. ---I hear Tom is working hard at his lessons. . ---I'm ______ he will pass the exams this time.A. afraidB. surprisedC. sureD. sorry⼆、补全对话A: Hi, Jenny. What are busy with these days?B:Oh, I am busy practicing playing tennis . You know, I will take part in an important competition next month. I am trying my best to get the first1.______________ in the championship.A: I hope you will be as lucky as Li Na, the newest2._____________ in Australian Open Tennis Championship. B: Thanks alot. Actually, I am one of her fans. Did you see the3._______________ match between Li Na and Domimika Cibulkova?A: Of course. I was excited when Li Na got the champion at last. Because she was the first Asian who won the Australian Open4._______________ Championship in one hundred year history. It’s believed that every Chinese will be proud of her. B: I agree with you. I am 5.________________ by her final speech at the court in public.A: What did she say?B: She said a lot to thank her team members, her coach, especially her husband. Although her husband was more famous than her as a tennis coach, he gave up 6.________________ and just practiced with her with great patience every day. She thought she was lucky enough to get the help from all of them.A: She is right. Nobody can succeed7._____________________. We need to work with others and share the success with them.B: Yes, 8._______________________ me as an example. My coach and teammates work hard with me from morning to night. We all try hard to do the best. I hope I can be successful in the competition.9.________________ I win, I will also appreciate them and share the happiness with them.A: Best wishes to you! I believe your dream of becoming the champion will come10.___________.different living things, but in the past, t he number was 2______________ .In the beginning perhaps only one.” Darwin waited a long time before he put these things into a book. He always tried to add more and more facts; he wanted his ideas about evolution（进化）to be right.It 3____________ him many years to write the book. On the first day, people brought every copy. The men of churches fought 4______________ Darwin’s ideas. His story of the world was different from 5___________. So 6_________________ Darwin or the men of the churches must be wrong. B ut the churches didn’t bring any new facts, or better ideas. They only brought angry words.Later, Darwin wrote a book about the evolution of man. He said that man is 7_____________ a kind of animal. And again, Darwin didn’t just write dow n his own ideas. He filled his book with facts. We know now 8________________ he was right. There have been men for more than a million years. We 9______________ some of their bones. Bones have told us about the evolution of living things.Like any other animal, man slowly changed 10_____________ time. But we can’t find the bones of men from a few million years ago. There weren’t any men at that time. But the bones can take us backwards (向后) through time into the past. And they can help us with our study of the evolution of life.四、阅读填空Literature is a word used to describe written as well as spoken material. Generally speaking, it is often used to describe anything from creative imagination, including works of poetry, drama and fiction.Then why read literature, since it is often imaginary and seems unconnected with real life?A lot of us re ad literature for enjoyment and relaxation. It’s always pleasant to read some interesting b ooks in our spare time. In a modern life full of stress, it is our common wish to read some imaginary works and look for relaxation from the stress in life.Reading literature is more than fun; it also allows us to get knowledge. As a general rule, literature represents a language of a people, and it often gives us an insight(洞察⼒) into the traditions, attitudes and values of the age in which it was written. Sometimes literature can even offer us new, creative ways to have a better understanding of the world. It introduces us to new worlds of experiences. We enjoy the comedy and the tragedy of poems, stories and plays; and we may even grow through our literary journey with books. At last we may discover meaning in literature by looking at what the writer says and how he or she says it. In some ways, we explore the human condition and analyze(分析) the way they think and feel the way they feel. Literature helps us think clearly and encourages us to open minds.So we can certainly say literature is of great importance to us. Why not get going with one poem, drama or期末复习（⼆）⼀、单选1-5 DCDDC 6-10 CADAD 11-15 BACCA 16-20 BDBAC 21-22 CC⼆、补全对话Place / prize ,champion/ winner, final/ newest , Singles, impressed/ moved, everything/ working, alone, take, If ,true 三、选词填空1,_studied_ 2, _smaller__ 3,_took__ 4,_against__ 5,_theirs__6,_either__ 7, _also__ 8,_that___ 9,__have found__ 10,_through__四、阅读填空56. Why 57. imagination 58. Poetry 59. Reasons/Purposes/Aims/Goals60. keep 61. knowledge/information 62. understand63. how 64. clear 65. important。