大成拳内劲修炼.pdf(1)
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大成拳法门训练教程大成拳法门以意念统帅肢体,精神集中,呼吸自然,周身放松,使肢体各部连成一个整体,进而运用精神,使全身处处建立争力,并与外界建立争力,名之曰浑元力。
下面由为大家分享大成拳法门训练教程,欢迎大家点击查看。
一、站桩(一)浑元桩元桩的姿势是两脚平行而方,左右分开,与肩同宽,身体重心落在两脚掌上,以保持身体平稳。
腿部略有弯曲,以利于下肢产生弹力。
两膝略往前顶,配合练此桩时臀部后坐,以保持前后力量的平衡。
两手抬至胸前,略高于自己双肩,呈臂半圆、腋半虚的姿势,以利于实作时的间架配备。
两手手心向内,十指自然分开,如抱两球和状态,以增长臂部的外撑内裹的力量,并可使力量容易达于指端。
双手与自身距离约有三拳,这可在技击时守住自己上身的要害部位。
更须做到头直项竖,身形中正,胸窝微收;周身上下,大小关节,要"逢节必顶,逢曲必夹"。
就是说凡是关节之处,都需要有外顶的力量;凡是关节反面的弯曲部位,都要有内夹的力量,这样才能使周身的力量平衡均整,从而达到动作时"一动无有不动"的整体运动。
除此之外,站此桩时,还要做到头顶如绳吊紧,这样可以振奋精神,还能助长下肢动作时的灵活性。
肩部稍往后张,使心胸开阔,有利于肺部的呼吸和精神的舒放。
两目微睁,目光远望,以蓄养精力。
全身松,有益于周身气血的通畅运行,既可养生又可增长技击时的力量。
在意念中要做到"凝神定意,清净无为"这样日久功深,就能够达到内无身心,外无世界的忘我境界。
到此境界,性不养而自养,身不练而自练。
久练此功,可收精神充沛、气贯周身和力量雄厚之效。
这就是大成拳所说的"神元、气元、力元"的浑元之体,所以此桩法名为浑元桩。
(二)技击桩此桩是练习大成拳技击必不可少的桩法,故名技击桩。
其姿势是两足呈稍息姿势,前足向外方移出,约有一脚远,两脚呈丁八字步行,称为丁八步,又称半丁半八步。
身体微斜,两腿弯屈,身往后坐,前脚根略离地面,膝盖前顶,目视前方。
一、问题的由来对于任何事物来说,都有本质的东西,抓住了问题的本质,就等于抓住了关键。
学拳的道理也是一样。
对于大成拳而言,什么是它的核心呢?有的人总认为自己练的是真正的大成拳。
他们判断拳法的依据主要是姿势的差异。
如果拜了姓刘的师父,那就说姓张的师父或者姓徐的师父练法不正确。
其实这是很片面的。
从绝对意义上讲,只有宗师本人传授的才是真正的大成拳。
俗话说:“十个徒弟十个样”,也就是说,每个弟子学成后的定拳模式都不可能一模一样。
哪怕是最直系的传授,也会产生细微的形式差别。
在第二代大成拳代表人物中,他们在每个环节的训练内容中都是有区别的。
比如,笔者开始从学于王安平先生,其养生桩以抱球桩为主,技击桩则以扶按式为主。
试力时进行整体的向前移动或向后回拉,以产生整体之力。
王老师的功法来源于宗师的弟子王斌魁先生。
姚宗勋先生以抱树桩为主,训练时意感抱一大树,然后意想将大树进行上提、下按、回拉、前抱、外撕或内合,其目的是为了训练六面争力;王选杰先生教授的养生桩则以浑元桩为主,技击桩以矛盾桩为主,试力则以勾挫试力为主,这样的目的是在于培养锻炼“内劲”。
上述三位大师虽然师出同门,但训练方法却有如此大的差异,难道我们会对他们推广的功法进行非议吗?事实上,他们所学皆为宗师的拳学所在。
为什么会产生这种形式上的区别呢?为什么他们都能代表真正的大成拳呢?这是因为他们所学完全符合宗师的拳学思想。
之所以产生这种现象,是因为宗师在判断一个拳学的真伪时,重本质而不拘泥于形式。
笔者的推论是:弟子请教先生时。
先生让你站某一桩式或进行某一试力,即使弟子的胳膊或高一点或低一点,姿势的幅度或大一点或小一点,但只要功法内涵符合拳学的思想,都会得到先生的首肯。
这样,当一个弟子的训练模式定型后。
则会以自己多年形成的经验来对自己的学生进行传授,如此就产生了同师不同法的现象。
我们在学拳时,不能仅从姿势上加以模仿,应该抓住拳学的本质,方为上策。
现行流传的大成拳,有“七妙法门”之说,但是,从王芗斋先生一些拳学论著中根本找不到关于“七妙法门”的字眼或论述。
【大成拳】论内劲一、拳中之内劲,是将人散乱于外之神气,用拳中之规矩,手足身体动作,顺中用逆,缩回于丹田之内,与丹田元气相交,自无而有,自微而着,自虚而实,皆是渐渐积蓄而成。
其理无非动中缩劲,使气合一归于丹田。
以修内劲为宗,不求奇异之形、惊人之式,则修习之法必能简约。
内家明劲、暗劲、化劲随气机饱满卒级而上,由公尺劲,进而为尺劲,再进而为寸劲分劲,周身一气。
是不加力而力自彰的自然之力。
养气的人擅长竖劲,因为气沉到足,一踩地力由脊发,可打双手劲;练气的人擅长横劲,内气出入丹田,贯通手足,丹田劲就是腰力,腰带手足合一,就是身力,一搭手身力一横就可以轻易破开对方的手,滚动进去力如巨蟒,是因为手力抗不住腰力之故,横劲的好处是大吃小,因为腰比手粗。
竖劲的好处是意在先,因为能发竖劲,表示气已沉至足,枪声一响就可以蹬地跑出,气若不沉,还须先沉身蓄力方可跑出,用横劲破势,是得心应手。
用竖劲攻敌,是势如炮竹。
而万一横劲遇阻,硬行不得,就迂回转圈再进横劲,就又是缠丝劲。
缩谷道使丹田之气经过聚炼,达到一定能量,通过缩谷道,使气通过此处,上行于后督脉,过此关以便达到小周天的运行,体内阴阳二气的和合,产生出内劲,此劲发放出去,似惊雷,威力无比,却又不伤肝。
提肛帮助腰马合一,能令全身结构连为一体。
同时也有助于腿部肌肉在马步时放松,从而使整个身体达到高度警戒和完备的状态。
入门以先修外家为尚,此指筋骨肌肉力道劲道之锻练,有此基础未来入了内家,先有劲道力气且外形强健,身手敏捷,奠基之后,犹有内功一法,在松静中求养,此时周身越自然越好,无拘则自然易入道。
直入内功者非不可行,只修者非直线成长,其关卡甚多。
故古之学武者无论内外家都必然先修外功技艺,几年后再入内功,内功成熟圆融即是内家,茍有道心再参道门。
内家功夫不一定得有外家硬功练法才能打人,凡认为不练硬功不能打人的,均是未得内家心法者。
二、走架重心只在一只脚,所有活动全由脚底涌泉带动,全身全部松掉,此时是全身舒服畅快,气机腾然,做的好时,有时置身空山灵雨,每脚踩出去有如踏在水中,发劲全部动力,只在脚底涌泉,走化腰胯带动,全身放松不施丝毫之力。
意拳(⼤成拳)站桩换劲(完整版)清明节⽆花⽆酒过清明,兴味萧然似野僧昨⽇邻家乞新⽕,晓窗分与读书灯——《清明》·魏野练站桩的⼈,常会有这样⼀种体会,当站桩真正进⼊状态后,则感觉不到时间的流逝,练完后,才发觉时间已过了很久,这是因为此时⼈的⽣理循环状态⾃然减慢,如同龟蛇的冬眠⼀般,并乐⽽忘时所致,国外称此为“钟慢效应”。
⼈在⽇常⽣活中,若能维持体内新陈代谢的这种“钟慢”状态,则⾃然会延缓衰⽼。
另外,从现代科学尚未能解释的另—个⾓度来讲,站桩功也是使⼈进⼊了⼀种特异状态,经意念⽽诱发出的特异功能虽尚有争论,但意拳(⼤成拳)站桩功对⼈体潜能的深层开发,并由此⽽产⽣的巨⼤能量,是武林中任何⼈⼠也不能回避和漠视的。
王芗斋先⽣创⽴的意拳(⼤成拳),以站桩为本,认为“⼤动不如⼩动,⼩动不如不动(蠕动),不动之动,乃为⽣⽣不已之动。
” 意拳(⼤成拳)的站桩功法,正是“不动之动”的根本体现。
意拳(⼤成拳)的站桩功可细分为两⼤类,第⼀类为浑元桩,⼜可称之为健⾝桩、养⽣桩,在拳术训练中,这实际上是⼀种“换劲桩”;第⼆类为技击桩,在拳术训练中,实际上是⼀种“摸劲桩”。
意拳(⼤成拳)站桩的以上两类功法,以第⼀类的浑元桩即“换劲桩”最为重要,它是意拳(⼤成拳)⼊门的关键。
“换劲桩”从养⽣健⾝的意义上讲,同传统的佛、道养⽣术及⽓功⼀样,均能起到养⽣健⾝、祛病除疾的作⽤。
但“换劲桩”⼜不同于⼀般的⽓功功法,它既不需意守丹⽥,或意守⾝体内部的某⼀部位,也不需⽤意念进⾏吐纳导引,更不⽤掐诀念咒或接什么宇宙信息。
意拳(⼤成拳)是在佛、道、儒、俗、医、武理论学说及养⽣健⾝术的基础上,取其精华,去其糟粕,升华其精神,通过意念的假想训练,进⾏系统的体能开发,藉以改变⼈体内在机制。
在站桩中,“不期然⽽然”,丹⽥会⾃然⽽盈,经络⾎脉会⾃然⽽通,经过上万个练功者的实践检验,⼏⼗年来从未出偏,对各种慢性病及疑难杂症,均有明显的疗效。
⼈体的体内循环机制,与其主观地控制或⼈为地限制它,不如良性地去诱导和开发它,以发挥其⾃⾝的潜在能量。
大成拳核心功法功力训练——形动求整实体技击之动态以速动为准则,而速动之根本全赖下肢的空间位移,位移的绝对动态最易产生重心的失衡,而失衡状态则是技击运动中的最大障碍,所以如何在极速的动态中保证身体的平衡状态以及在劝态中保证相应的平衡均整性的发力就成为名家拳派研讨的重点。
大成拳以桩法求整调节人体功能的均衡,而步法的训练就是以静态的平衡向动态平衡的发展最关键的功法。
这种动态形式上极其简单,但若从整体原则的角度出发则又极其深奥复杂,而且一切步法具体应用均从磨擦步变化而得,故统称为磨擦换步。
首先以技击桩步型站立,虚灵顶颈,步成三七,双掌自然分开,手心空涵,成扶按式置于身体两侧,目的是保持重心的平衡,然后以头部上领牵动躯干把胯关节抽起,由于肢关节的上提后脚就会被带离地面,此状态的拔起后脚如整个脚掌趟入稀泥被缓缓拔出,又不能使鞋被粘掉,故足腕兜起,由于一只脚已处在悬空状态,这时重心完全放在另一支撑脚腿上,故在拔起后脚时首先把重心变为前七后三,然后胯催动后脚向前徐徐搓动,以体会下肢与空气的磨擦阻力,膝盖弯曲前顶与足腕为先锋克服空气的阻力,脚掌似踩一圆木棍向前缓缓流动,力宜平衡,不能断劲,待后脚运动至前脚踝骨位置时,前膝与后膝内侧要轻轻地磨擦而过,这时后脚从前脚之半个脚面而过,变为前脚继续划弧形而进,待至丁八步距离的时候缓缓用前脚掌先着地。
然后缓缓踩实,这时躯干的上下拉伸恢复自然状态。
随之膝前顶反重心再变为前七后三。
继之再以头领身,以身带胯,把另一足提起,向前做擦膝磨胫的弧线运动,如此地后步做前步子前步。
再以前步做后步之前步。
习者注意目光始终注意一个方向,不可东张西肓,双手在运动中根据身形的起落,相应的提按,如同掌在浮萍中,以配合下肢的空气阻力。
磨擦步的关键胯走半圆,从步子的起点一直到步子的落点,这个运动的路线是个半圆的轨迹。
因为在我起腿行进步时,对方很可能会阻止我与之缩短相对的距离,用脚踢击、蹬、踹我迎面骨。
我如果是直线行步则正与对方发力之脚形成二力相撞,为其所伤。
大成拳武术气功本一家,可叹后学习练差,内外兼修含奥义,艺高体健气伸发(形意拳名家马礼堂诗一首)得意忘形勾心斗角(大成拳明家刘新军论站桩)大成拳七妙法门大成拳的七妙功法包括站桩、试力、步法、发力、试声、推手和实作等七种锻炼方法,也就是以站桩为主,佐以试力、摩擦步、发力、试声、推手、实作。
称为大成拳的“七妙法门”。
以上七个锻炼步骤具有很强的系统性,如果单纯以力的角度来讲,力由站桩而得,由试力而知,由发力而用,由推手而懂,由实作而知变化,由试声而固元气。
总之,只有通过对“七妙法门”系统学习,力量才能笃实。
大成拳的另一个特点是医疗保健、养生强身、技击实战融为一体,以站桩不动为其基本锻炼手段,没有固定不移的套路和招法训练。
大成拳站桩锻炼原则,以求物为目的,以“站桩站桩,体认功能,收视听内,训练神经。
离开己身,无物可求,执着己身,永无是处”为基本学说,它与《管子》的“毋先物动、毋代马走、毋代鸟飞”的三毋学说及《老子》的“独立不改”和《黄帝内经》的“独立守神”等学说是相吻合的。
养生桩歌两脚平站腿微屈(曲),松静安详要调息,气沉丹田须自然,松圆常圆是根基。
(王永祥)双推手歌两臂相搭点相连守中用中瞬息间神经反应贵神速浑圆一体气为先筋骨要松皮毛要攻节节贯穿虚灵在中(wyx)浑圆歌(wyx)三圆:松圆→常圆(经常松圆,指球体--丹田气)→实圆(浑圆一体)欲求浑圆气充足拨水试力最为先树木立基根生地再把六面争力添三个争力要单做然后组合成浑圆大成拳的基本要求静中求松,松中求整,松中求紧,松紧结合。
静—松---神不外溢,意不露形,形不破体,力不出尖,气贯全身,法合自然。
习拳入手之法习拳入手之法非只一端,而其结晶之妙,全在神、形、意、力、气、法、声之运用,互为一致,此种运用,视之无形,听之无声,无体亦无象。
就以有形而论,其势如空中之旗,漂摆无定,唯风力是应,即所谓与大气相应合。
又浪中之鱼,起伏无方,纵横往返,以听其触,只有一片相机而动,应感而发和虚灵守默之含蓄精神,以虚无而度其有,亦以有处而揣其无。
大成拳劲力---李康(李荣玉弟子)大成拳劲力---李康(李荣玉弟子)王芗斋先生搭手飞人的神技,张恩桐先生一触即发的功夫,常志朗先生“身上四把刀”,王选杰先生劲吐人跌,李荣玉先生发力如车撞,均得益于大成拳的劲力。
一、大成拳劲力之特点大成拳劲力的主要特点可概括为冷、脆、快、重(透)、无断续、无方向、具体、受阻才发等八点。
冷。
指发力非常突然,但绝非偷打人。
劲力冷,能使对方猝不及防。
与这样的高人搭手,你根本就无法预测自己的命运。
如果他愿意,可陪你玩两下;如果他想施放,或许你一下就完了。
有的人飞跌于地爬起来一个劲地埋怨对方,说“我还没有准备好”之类的话,或者内心责怪自己“精神不够集中”等等。
其实这一切都是借口,真正的原因是对方的劲太冷了。
劲力冷,使对方把握不住节奏,往往造成对方无备(实际上就是准备了亦无效果)而受击,因此能造成对方心理恐惧。
脆。
指发力干净利落,转瞬完成,绝无拖泥带水、拉拉扯扯的现象。
相比之下,快与重就较易理解了。
但要知道,仅仅力量重、速度快就是大成拳的话,那大成拳也就豪无宝贵可言了。
因为任何一种搏击运动,无论是拳击散打,还是摔跤,都讲究力量重,速度快。
但反过来说,大成拳之劲力当然既重(透)又快(如恩师李荣玉先生曾以拳轻触我胸,当时我胸部尚有一棉枕保护,结果其劲又重又透,令我咳喘不止,且全身几乎崩溃)。
无断续。
王芗斋先生常说“一触即爆发,发力无断续”。
目前来说,无论是拳击散打,还是坊间流传的假大成拳和假形意拳,其练习者所发之力都是断续力。
但内家拳的宗旨和特点都是力无断续。
如果内家拳练习者只能发断续力,那么,内家拳的技战术运用只能是空想而遭到迎头痛击。
只有力无断续,才能做到“发力总在敌先”,才能充分发挥“变招不如变劲”的内家威力,才能真正做好“顺力逆行”,“借力打力”。
断续力的特点及其与无断续力的区别,可以拿拳击的例子来说明。
拳击手无论其水平多高,他发出一拳总是一松一紧而发力,一拳之后放松收回,才能发第二拳,其两次发力之间的时间间隔较长。
大成拳内劲之体认-------李照山韦继辉(Dacheng boxing in the body of strength recognition - Li Zhaoshan, Wei Jihui)Dacheng boxing in the body of strength recognition - Li Zhaoshan, Wei Jihui"This is the basis of boxing practice zhanzhuang...... Secondly, try the force, try the sound, and use the rules". Mr. Wang Xiangzhai clearly pointed out in his "Dacheng boxing theory" that "recognition is an indispensable step in the process of Taijiquan". The so-called experience is through personal experience and feelings understanding and understanding boxing connotation, make their own transition from ignorance to perceptual knowledge to the development of rational knowledge, obtain all the activities of the inner essence of boxing. In dachengquan learning, the recognition of the strength within is not easy, but after the gradual in-depth understanding, it is difficult to know the rare samadhi.What is inside? Do not show on the surface and hidden in the body, can be naturally should be strong and is free of potential. This time is different in essence with the variety of martial art of the strong, it does not depend on the trunk and muscle tension and produce, but in the body in a relaxed state when outward from the inside out, and relax the better, more abundant and turbid. It can be intuitively in various forms of casual and natural, flexible and varied, while others like appearance, feel soft, but was unbearable, "living" without Jin Jin jin".Generally speaking, the inner feeling of the Jin mind needs three stages: perceptual recognition, internal recognition andapplied recognition.First, the perceptual body, beginners tend to know the inside of the fuzzy, teaching through interpretation, presentations and other ways to enlighten. They can explain the extension and connotation of inner strength in detail, instill relevant knowledge, and then display the practical demonstration of the inner strength visually and intuitively so as to obtain perceptual recognition.After two, intrinsic cognition has the emotional recognition, you should enter into a substantive recognition -- intrinsic cognition, which has in zhuanggong experience, try to recognize the body force, body movement assisted recognition.1, in recognition of zhuanggongZhanzhuang is calculated in the way of strength. Carefully watch, can be fully realized in strength from scratch, from weak to strong developing process. This process is divided into six stages: (1) the initial target, body discomfort, muscle or bone pain, or joint pain, sometimes even unbearable, this is zhuanggong on limb function. Eliminate muscle tension, remove the body of the rigidity of the strong, have to create conditions for internal force; (2) for a period of time after jianjue zhanzhuang comfort, chest abdominal fullness, magnanimous, and warm tingling feeling, this is in the gas phase gradually, fresh quietly sprouting; (3) zhanzhuang when the body has a sense of expansion and gravity, steady growth momentum, such as feeling, feeling in the preliminary Jin; (4) zhanzhuang, whole arm external support and more and more swellfeeling, even at the same time, a sense of inner strength gradually move to metapodium, this is the inner strength of the growing stage; (5) station pile re discomfort, muscle and bone pain, shoulder heavy, this "bone" and "muscle communications", a day after a substantial increase in bone density and strength, arm shoulder, chest and abdomen, back waist and hip muscles throughout the leg connected as a whole, there is a strong body filling The real sense of heaviness, and overall sense, can clearly perceive the body lurking within the powerful strength;(6) practical spirit, overall ethereal, Mr. Wang Xiangzhai said "all vacant meaning" feeling, sense of internal strength such as water and air as omnipresent, can naturally burst out of China whenever and wherever possible.2, try to recognize the force"Dachengquan theory" said: "there are quite a practical basis...... We should continue to study, practice, practice, and recognize the power and expression, with its real effectiveness......" Visible, in the target acquisition within Tokujitsu after Jin, should try to force training, to further recognize the strength. The requirement is divided into three steps: (1) the intention is not to exert oneself. This is what Mr. Wang Xiangzhai calls the "training of the mind". Try to force, to do foundation is, right along the body muscles, ethereal, form loose meaning tight, induced by various azimuth force through the corresponding mental experience. Imagine a big ship with two hands floating on the surface of the water. Slowly move it forward, push it far away, and then pull back slowly. Or imagine my hands on the far side of a large mountain, the push can move, pull it back, according to it can sink, canafford it. Also can have a wall or a big thick cotton bag in front of my vision, the body relax, hold the two empty fist turns before the strike, every punch will mud or cotton bags (to understand the role of elastic breakdown resistance cotton bag or mud). Through these exercises, they can gradually produce biological induction, and initially recognize the extension of the inner force to the space. (2) force and meaning oppose each other. When testing, it is necessary to move with the front (left, top) of the limbs, the sense of force can move forward slowly (left, top), or pass a heavy object, or shake a mountain, and the idea contains the back (right, lower). Such exercises, the hand will appear heavy sense and real sense, which push do not move, do not pull, according to the sinking and lift can not afford to stop and move, move again to stop,Easy to recognize the two competitive power and multi-faceted competitiveness dachengquan under around and round force. (3) force and meaning go hand in hand. Try to force when power is not divided, to force to force, intended to blend, quick in fretting, fretting on experience in different position or different with the actual sense of pushing can make their own strength to be shipped out. Test force can be quick, slow, slow and urgent. As soon as fish in the water is still slow, slow, like silk, trickle, anxious if the nine day falls. This kind of test force can fully recognize the integrity of the whole, the large and heavy limbs, and the movement of the internal strength toward the limbs.3, auxiliary movements in recognitionTry to force recognition at the same time, to recognize theadjuvant action, it can be twice the result with half the effort. The specific practice is: eight feet after big step up, natural knees, overall relaxation, and arms forward and upward downward and backward swing complex nature, don't use a force, and limb and arm interaction rather than just the local dynamic arm. Action, intention arms unlimited extension, can be thrown to the distant eyes and place; such as steel or iron, the sudden breakdown before the body walls or other obstacles. To have a sense of arms and thickening of palms, limb heavy feeling, can let a person standing in the front of the body, the left arm exercises, using the whole effect of their heavy full strength to each other, make my palms in touch each other when it is thrown out of the chest. This auxiliary exercise can quickly induce the natural whole motion, thus recognizing the integrity of the inner force. Three, the application of recognition of dachengquan for combat boxing, each training all can be used in combat for the purpose. Internal strength is also true. Thus, after the above recognition, practical recognition must be made. Respectively, in the introduction of human beings, recognition, pushing hands, recognition and practice in recognition. 1, put people in mindRelease people into fixed steps, release people and move them. Should practice first step, put people, have certain foundation, and then with the footwork, move step, release people. The former includes simple release method, shaking release method, the release method, rotation release method, fork arm method, then a step into the two step method, triangular release method, tripping release method, shovel leg method, legpulling release method etc.. Because of the limited space, the paper further put people simply put, shaking release method, rotating releasemethod and step let people step into the two step method, and triangle method and put the legs of the trip into law.Simply put the law: standing in front of the exercise object, the lower limbs are eight steps, the hands touch his chest, the whole down and back as a force action, and then the natural strength to move forward and release it.Shaking hands touch: put practice chest, first as fast multi frequency action shaking, breaking its center of gravity, and then was rapidly sinking, to force the Tokujitsu round out.The release method: first clockwise rotary action in practice chest, the focus of instability, and then was sinking, to store enough full strength up to the front Tokujitsu, released.Step into each other method: if the effect is not good, immediately to the step to the line constantly enter, each step in the whole stretch shaking each other, forcing the other back again and again, in the center of the most unstable occasion, in the last step, the whole force will be enough release.Two, put the triangle step method: put people, if the other side rear pivot is very stable, and immediately removed from the rear foot is inserted into the other front crotch before the midline, supporting each other in front of the destruction, and the body is tiny to sink, quickly to the nature of the whole Jin knocked out.Put the legs of the trip: if the other party has certain skills is not easy to release, left foot left first step, and then takea big step forward in the right foot to the right side of each other, on the right foot with the right leg hook trip, and palms forward with the whole natural strength to push put each other, make it fall out.Put the training is the inner strength to practice training is of size, the steric situation in power leveling and release effect of the inspection, should practice, in-depth understanding.2, pushing hands to recognizePushing hands is actually a kind of contact test force, that is, the resistance test force in double condition is more complex, richer and higher than the simple test force. In terms of form, it is divided into single push hands and double push hands. In the case of inner strength, it includes two parts: perception, inner strength and defensive use.The perception of internal force is in the process of arms running, to force the existence of self perception. Mr Li Zhaoshan stressed that, in the arm and practice or arms around each other, the body is to relax, but also heavy. One should focus on the experience of his hand sink strength can whip through the pine brake principle of sensing limb or crotch to each other. When the direction I push, I try to lengthen the resistance arm itself, making it difficult to promote (it should be noted that the other party to push me, I can't hardtop, mainly in support of Jin *%). When I push each other, I don't have to work hard,Instead, push your body forward with a steady weight, if you stay relaxed. Double push, to keep the shoulders flexible, formed as a whole trend, and its strength can run in the perception of winding space through the arms, make each other like iron wrapped in cotton.If the inner force is aware of the presence of the inner force, the defence can be used in defence and middle training. That is, exploratory strength and force training. Training: I tried to attack the other line to have the power, but also try to resolve each other to protect his own line. "Use" when you have to spare, so as not to be used by the other side; "Shou" when, neither intentionally with each other to create a "hard top" situation, and can not be in a state of weakness. The main point is: through the perception of the contact, to find out each other's offensive intentions, and then take the appropriate way to make it come to naught. For example, the right type single push, when the other wrist pushed to about 8 inches away from my chest distance, I immediately relax the whole, to produce all through the effort, at the same time shoulders slightly right, right arm shoulder internal rotation drive, forming buckle into each other right arm of the potential. So, not only can resolve the other is to give each other, but also anti threat.A double push, if I push the midline to the direction, I can make contact with the wrist to the right or left each other to resolve, even if the other party has been advancing touched my chest, I can pass to the right or left rotation, the other power.3, the implementation of recognitionIt should be said that through the above recognition, the innerstrength of the body has reached a higher level. But his inner strength and honest can be applied to actual combat? I believe many aspirant will doubt yourself to issue such a question. The answer is, of course, not necessarily". That should continue to enter the highest level of consciousness - practice, recognition.Practice training is the final program of the "seven wonderful practices", the highest level in the practice of Tai Chi chuan. The ultimate aim is to achieve the "no" and "everywhere", "law", "weak" and "everywhere", "force", "no trick" and "everywhere" is the high level of martial arts skills. However, this is not easy to overnight, after a single operating hand, serial techniques, illegal step, no trend, steady implementation of self-defense training these steps, we can go. And the inner strength of recognition is in every step of the training.Single hand exercises are ring hammer, punches, cannon boxing, fan palm, knee, foot, wear diamond crotch, swivel foot foot snake. Practice carefully one by one. Mr. Li Zhaoshan reminded, first of all should be fixed step air strike, and then with the footwork, body to air strike, finally is hitting the target training and simulation training (shot should not be too heavy, and the training object should wear protective clothing to avoid injury). Exercise, not tight muscles stiff, with a strong force; the body should be relaxed, natural and repeated in strength with their perception of natural movements burst out of China, such as explosive exploding in the crashing boxing target above and on the training objects, such as bullets or suddenly penetrate target and to practice boxing the object, until fully recognizes. The serial technique is a reasonablecombination of all kinds of single hand exercises, and a series of serial martial arts. That is the illegal step step training method to a certain extent, to step by step free transition, derived from the swift fleet, no fixed step step step step like the enemy hard to adapt to the. No set approach and no state defense are the practice and self-defense of random approach, regular and normal. These are the training of direct simulation pairs, and the inner strength of the body recognition requirements are the same as before, without repeated details. The implementation of the training time, not only will gradually feel Shen Jin Hun all-powerful, but also should be strong, and, should be out of the situation, and calm person. At this point, the inner strength of the body recognized successfully completed.。
大成拳初学入门:大成拳七妙法门一、站桩(一)浑元桩元桩的姿势是两脚平行而方,左右分开,与肩同宽,身体重心落在两脚掌上,以保持身体平稳。
腿部略有弯曲,以利于下肢产生弹力。
两膝略往前顶,配合练此桩时臀部后坐,以保持前后力量的平衡。
两手抬至胸前,略高于自己双肩,呈臂半圆、腋半虚的姿势,以利于实作时的间架配备。
两手手心向内,十指自然分开,如抱两球和状态,以增长臂部的外撑内裹的力量,并可使力量容易达于指端。
双手与自身距离约有三拳,这可在技击时守住自己上身的要害部位。
更须做到头直项竖,身形中正,胸窝微收;周身上下,大小关节,要"逢节必顶,逢曲必夹"。
就是说凡是关节之处,都需要有外顶的力量;凡是关节反面的弯曲部位,都要有内夹的力量,这样才能使周身的力量平衡均整,从而达到动作时"一动无有不动"的整体运动。
除此之外,站此桩时,还要做到头顶如绳吊紧,这样可以振奋精神,还能助长下肢动作时的灵活性。
肩部稍往后张,使心胸开阔,有利于肺部的呼吸和精神的舒放。
两目微睁,目光远望,以蓄养精力。
全身松,有益于周身气血的通畅运行,既可养生又可增长技击时的力量。
在意念中要做到"凝神定意,清净无为"这样日久功深,就能够达到内无身心,外无世界的忘我境界。
到此境界,性不养而自养,身不练而自练。
久练此功,可收精神充沛、气贯周身和力量雄厚之效。
这就是大成拳所说的"神元、气元、力元"的浑元之体,所以此桩法名为浑元桩。
(二)技击桩此桩是练习大成拳技击必不可少的桩法,故名技击桩。
其姿势是两足呈稍息姿势,前足向外方移出,约有一脚远,两脚呈丁八字步行,称为丁八步,又称半丁半八步。
身体微斜,两腿弯屈,身往后坐,前脚根略离地面,膝盖前顶,目视前方。
两手抬起,屈肘环抱,肩松肘横,十指分开,如抓球状。
小腹松圆,胸窝含蓄,头直顶竖,要做到虚灵挺拔,舒适均整。
同时,周身上下要做到整而不僵,松而不懈。
大成拳毛发如戟——内劲修炼(高臣高贵)
大成拳桩功为求取整体劲力的核心功法。
谈及桩功之修习,目前大成拳界多有论述,但大多是以意求力,或以力求意,各有所长。
然矛盾之统一,体现拳学中的相互对应,就不得不使我们再深一层次地去探讨在意与力之间是否有一连接的纽带而达“意即力也”的平坦之途,因此,笔者的所述必将触动一些人的敏感神经,甚至招来非议。
不过在是与非面前,真经只有其一,孰优孰劣,君请自鉴!
芗斋先生早期传艺是以炼气、养气为主,其所传之浑元桩功要求静心定意,以体认呼吸之绵长,再以呼吸之绵长而达丹田之充盈,继以丹田之充盈再贯满全身而达于四梢,如此内劲生而力量足。
由此可知,所谓内劲(内功)就是通过一定外形的配合而调心、调息来改善人体内部的机能,使之达到精满、气足、神旺的三全之境和所谓“精满不思淫,气满不思食,神满不思睡”的旺盛、健康的生命机体,这才是浑元的真正含义。
故浑元之意不是什么抱球、抱树的意念的活动,而是自身通过内在的修法而达到“整体如铸,身如灌铅”的周身膨胀力,故老一辈称之为“内浑元”。
笔者认为,
不求内劲修法,只苦练桩功经年,试力、发力也不过是拳学表皮而已。
因此习练大成拳要在意、气、力三方面下功夫求之,尤其是在气上细心研究,掌握方法,合理训练,使内劲滋生而达功夫上身,如此方为大成拳正轨。
1926年前后,芗斋先生所著《意拳正轨》一书阐述拳学之秘,其中有炼筋骨、炼气、养气之论。
1939年,芗斋先生寓居北京,弟子齐执度整理之《拳学新篇》中言:“芗斋先生授拳,尝以意、气、力并重,并极重‘气’字。
”且该书中尚有养气之论(但已无炼气之说)。
1994年,芗斋先生《拳道中枢》完稿,文中仅有意力之说,已无气法之论。
1959年,芗斋先生《桩形与四形》一文补充前言对气法一说做了解释,即:“此文原为《意拳论》之一部分内容,后为考察从我学者是否有切实体认,故从《意拳论》中抽出,非我自私,实不愿嚼饭混人,知我者谓我心虑,不知者谓我何求!”那么此篇桩功内劲心理及生理的把握关键及健舞之四形在《拳道中枢》(又名《大成拳论》)中的确没有记载,所以芗斋先生之《意拳论》即指《拳道中枢》而言,这明确地告诉了我们,他是为了考察在京期间的从学者是否在不明内劲修法的状态下也能修出内劲而进行
的一种实验,但结果是得出了芗斋先生否定气的论断,并一直影响了几代传人。
笔者曾追随数位名家修习大成拳,但均无内部调整法,甚至可以说谈气变色。
后笔者拜识津门李洪喜先生,才知其所传承的大成拳中极重视内劲功夫的培养,而且爆发力之强劲触之即飞,方信内劲之存在,并拜学重修,虽短短数载,但进益之大可说日新月异。
由此笔者才明大成拳之真义所在,当为内劲功夫的培养。
从《意拳正轨》到《拳学新篇》,再到《拳道中枢》及《桩功与四形》,叙述了芗斋先生探讨拳学的基本过程,从开始的炼气阶段归于养气阶段,再由养气阶段而达养神有意阶段,这是层次的提高所产生的不同认识。
而今人则根本不明炼气、养气之理,直接养神存意,岂非天方夜谭。
故大成拳之失真当为内劲功夫的丧失为主要原因。
那么“气”究竟是什么?近年来,这一敏感的问题一直在大成拳界有所争议。
笔者根据洪喜先生传授,又经大量参阅有关资料及经过自身之体认,深刻地感受到,传统武学之根本离不开气的培养,而气的培养必须经历两个阶段的训练来完成,方可达到内劲充实。
这就是炼气、养气。
炼气之法就是通过一定的呼吸方法来加强内部气血的运行,使气血运动获得改善,达到充实饱满的状态,在外部则使肌肉、韧带形成张力,骨骼具备撑力,这种形态结构的外力形成,均由内部气血流量大小决定,故气贯全身、浑元均整之力均由呼吸培养之法获得。
训练有素者,在体形上将有所变化,如腰腹充实,胸背圆实,四肢变粗、沉重,但并非增长脂肪的肥胖,而是全身肌肉呈流线形,不产生块状肌肉,但十分坚韧和有弹性。
所以炼气之法当为内劲滋生的根本,拳学中呼吸方法有先天呼吸和后天呼吸法两种,这两种呼吸方法对内劲的培养各有侧重,先天不足,必须培养先天;待先天之呼吸达到要求后,再辅以后天呼吸法,如此才能气贯全身,芗斋先生所言“以后天补先天之不足”即指此意。
养气之法则是对炼气之法的一种调解,因炼气的目的是培养内劲,然而内劲形成后,这种在呼吸作用下形成的力量尚不能灵活自如地应用,故谓之“浊圆”。
老一辈称之为“武火”修法。
“武火”顾名思义,就是力量偏刚尚有棱角,有“过”的现象,而养气之法则是在内劲不失的前提下忘掉呼吸,任其自然,利用神意的培养和形体的放松使内劲在体内自由流动和运行,从而
达到意到气到,气到力到的内劲协调统一的传导,故老辈称之为“文火”修法。
最终文武火相合,即阴阳平衡而达自然之法则,所以大成拳之养生桩乃拳学中高级功法,并不适合初学者,因为初学者根本没有内劲或内劲不足就进行放松训练(炼气未达标准),用文火无法滋养体内功力,更达不到培养功力的目的。
形意拳为何先练明劲,后练暗劲和化劲,这是有阶段性的步骤。
如果没有明劲功夫,你所习的暗劲和化劲只是偷机取巧的手段,这种技巧只能试劲而不能实战。
呼吸功能达到均、慢、细、长之境乃拳学内劲气血流动的最自然状态,是呼吸深长、内劲充盈后的自然呼吸,这种自然呼吸非功夫达到上乘境界方可做到,道家称之为“忘息”,故没有呼吸方法的训练,内劲根本无法形成。
这也是很多大成拳友修习时虽痛下苦功,但却不长功夫的症结所在(这也是大成拳为何上不了擂台的原因之一,体能极差、肺活量不够)。
调整呼吸之法,芗斋先生亦称理气,即调理气息之方法。
气是人体生命重要的组成部分,通过呼吸而达吐故纳新,使心肺扩张、收缩,来保证心脏这个血液循环的动力泵进行有力的搏动,从而促进血液的流动。
而气产生的压力大小将导致血液循环的能力。
压力小(
呼吸量小),血液流动缓,身体便不强壮;压力过大,血液流动过快,血管壁扩张超负荷,容易裂,伤身体(憋气的道理就是如此)。
故呼吸之法也须合理训练,久而久之,随着功夫的进展而延长呼吸,最终不但内劲充盈,而且变成了自然呼吸(即通过合理训练后形成的匀慢、细长的呼吸取代了没训练之前的呼吸)。
这种自然呼吸因为呼吸的能力增强,体表毛孔随之张开,起到辅助口鼻呼吸的作用,故前辈有“毛孔呼吸”之说法,即芗斋先生所说之“毛发如戟”的状态,如此才有支撑宇宙与大气相呼应的超级感应能力,从而达到“一触即发,有感皆应”的敏脆身手。
气在发力时的作用至为重要,比如说虎形发力,当后足蹬地时,后脚与地面形成一个作用力,同时产生一个反作用力向上传导达于梢节。
那么后足的蹬力力源在哪?按现代科学解释,是胯下坐使脚产生向下的压力而形成向上的反作用弹力,但是从内部讲,如果没有脊柱运动对腹部的压力,没有隔肌对腹腔的压力,丹田不瞬间鼓荡,那么胯向下的瞬间坐力就大打折扣,同时产生的反作用力也不会强劲。
因此形于双手的爆发力在于形体正确的动作和协调性以及内在劲力瞬间爆发的起动速度。
自然界中的物质有三种状态,即固
态、液态、气态,固态有形有象,液态无形有象,气态无形无象。
从人体生理方面讲,固态者人体之肌肉、骨骼、毛发等,液态者人体之血液及津液等,气态者人体之呼吸。
而从力的生成形式讲,则由气态压缩催动血行,血行于四梢而力贯骨肉,骨肉伸缩形成外力作用于体外。
如果没有内劲,仅凭骨肉之伸缩也能产生一定的作用力,但因为缺乏内部的起动和支撑,也仅仅是外力而已,其威力则大减。
气之运行,芗斋先生称之为“呼吸弹力”或“隔肌动力”就是对内劲释放为外力的合理描述。
如果内劲不足,你体内的弹力也不过如泄了气的皮球,什么鼓荡开合,什么浑元互争全成了泡影。
由此可知气并不是什么神秘物质,但因为他是无形的物质,所以有人就否定他,事实上我们每天都呼吸的空气你看得见吗?难道空气不存在吗?人的生命从开始到结束,就是因为这一口气而存在。
故从拳学的领域中如何培养强大的力量就要从有形和无形中共同探求,有形的肌肉、骨骼容易抓住,无形的意、气却成了神秘之物,因为他存在于形体之内,难以感知。
然而中国的内家拳的形成告诉我们,在人的生命历程中,精神与物质的联结纽带就是人体的呼吸功能,否则精神与物质怎样达到矛盾统一?
至此,笔者不愿再做深谈,留下些许回味让读者去感
悟些东西。
芗斋先生早已驾鹤西行,他留给我们的到底是什么?如果不去探求,那怎么去真正了解这位在中国武术史中具有划时代意义的人物?我想仅仅盲目地崇拜不如去探求他武学生涯中的每一个过程,这个过程的全部是他的最终结果,失去了这一条,王芗斋永远生活在后人的幻觉中。
这是大成拳的悲哀,也是大成拳后来人们的悲哀!。