Part V Prototype Documentation for the Performance Prediction Component Delivery Slip Name

制作模型的步骤英语作文Title: Steps in Creating a Model。

Model-making is a fascinating process that involves creativity, precision, and attention to detail. Whetheryou're building a scale model of a historical landmark or crafting a prototype for a scientific experiment, there are several key steps to follow to ensure a successful outcome. In this essay, we will explore the essential steps involved in creating a model.1. Define the Purpose: The first step in model-makingis to clearly define the purpose of the model. Ask yourself: What is the model intended to represent or demonstrate? Understanding the purpose will guide all subsequent decisions throughout the process.2. Research and Planning: Once the purpose is established, thorough research is necessary. Gather information about the subject matter, including dimensions,colors, textures, and any other relevant details. With this information, create a detailed plan outlining the materials needed, the scale of the model, and the overall design.3. Material Selection: Selecting the appropriate materials is crucial for the success of the model. Consider factors such as durability, ease of manipulation, and suitability for the intended purpose. Common materials for model-making include wood, plastic, foam, clay, and various types of adhesives.4. Prototype Creation (if applicable): In some cases, especially in scientific or engineering projects, it may be necessary to create a prototype before constructing the final model. Prototyping allows for testing and refinement of design concepts before committing to the full-scale model.5. Construction: With the plan in place and materials gathered, it's time to start constructing the model. Follow the design carefully, paying close attention to measurements and proportions. Use appropriate tools andtechniques for cutting, shaping, and assembling the materials.6. Detailing and Finishing: Adding details is what brings a model to life. Whether it's painting, applying decals, adding textures, or incorporating miniature elements, the devil is in the details. Take your time to ensure precision and accuracy in every aspect of the finishing touches.7. Quality Control: Before considering the model complete, perform a thorough quality control check. Inspect for any flaws, imperfections, or inaccuracies that may detract from the overall appearance or functionality of the model. Make necessary adjustments as needed.8. Presentation and Display: How the model is presented and displayed can greatly impact its effectiveness. Consider the intended audience and purpose when deciding on the presentation format. Whether it's a museum exhibit, a scientific demonstration, or a classroom project, ensure the model is displayed in a manner that highlights its keyfeatures.9. Documentation: Finally, document the process of creating the model. This documentation serves as a valuable reference for future projects and allows others to learn from your experiences. Include details such as materials used, techniques employed, challenges faced, and lessons learned.In conclusion, model-making is a multifaceted process that requires careful planning, precise execution, and attention to detail. By following these essential steps, you can create models that are not only visually impressive but also effective in achieving their intended purpose. Whether you're a hobbyist, a student, or a professional, mastering the art of model-making opens up a world of creative possibilities.。

本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译外文题目International Accounting Standard 38Intangible Assets外文出处IASCF38 Pages857－859外文作者 International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) 原文：International Accounting Standard 38Intangible Assets Objective1 The objective of this Standard is to prescribe the accounting treatment for intangible assets that are not dealt with specifically in another Standard. This Standard requires an entity to recognise an intangible asset if, and only if, specified criteria are met. The Standard also specifies how to measure the carrying amount of intangible assets and requires specified disclosures about intangible assets.Scope2 This Standard shall be applied in accounting for intangible assets, except:(a) intangible assets that are within the scope of another Standard;(b) financial assets, as defined in IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation;(c) the recognition and measurement of exploration and evaluation assets (see IFRS 6 Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources);(d) expenditure on the development and extraction of minerals, oil, natural gasand similar non-regenerative resources.3 If another Standard prescribes the accounting for a specific type of intangible asset, an entity applies that Standard instead of this Standard. For example, this Standard does not apply to:(a) intangible assets held by an entity for sale in the ordinary course of business (see IAS 2 Inventories and IAS 11 Construction Contracts).(b) deferred tax assets (see IAS 12 Income Taxes).(c) leases that are within the scope of IAS 17 Leases.(d) assets arising from employee benefits (see IAS 19 Employee Benefits).(e) financial assets as defined in IAS 32. The recognition and measurement of some financial assets are covered by IAS 27 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements, IAS 28 Investments in Associates and IAS 31 Interests in Joint Ventures.(f) goodwill acquired in a business combination (see IFRS 3 Business Combinations).(g) deferred acquisition costs, and intangible assets, arising from an insurer’s contractual rights under insurance contracts within the scope of IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts. IFRS 4 sets out specific disclosure requirements for those deferred acquisition costs but not for those intangible assets. Therefore, the disclosure requirements in this Standard apply to those intangible assets.(h) non-current intangible assets classified as held for sale (or included in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with IFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.4 Some intangible assets may be contained in or on a physical substance such asa compact disc (in the case of computer software), legal documentation (in the case of a licence or patent) or film. In determining whether an asset that incorporates both intangible and tangible elements should be treated under IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment or as an intangible asset under this Standard, an entity uses judgement to assess which element is more significant. For example, computer software for a computer-controlled machine tool that cannot operate without that specific software is an integral part of the related hardware and it is treated as property, plant and equipment. The same applies to the operating system of a computer. When the software is not an integral part of the related hardware, computer software is treated as an intangible asset.5 This Standard applies to, among other things, expenditure on advertising, training, start-up, research and development activities. Research and development activities are directed to the development of knowledge. Therefore, although theseactivities may result in an asset with physical substance (eg a prototype), the physical element of the asset is secondary to its intangible component, ie the knowledge embodied in it.6 In the case of a finance lease, the underlying asset may be either tangible or intangible. After initial recognition, a lessee accounts for an intangible asset held under a finance lease in accordance with this Standard. Rights under licensing agreements for items such as motion picture films, video recordings, plays, manuscripts, patents and copyrights are excluded from the scope of IAS 17 and are within the scope of this Standard.7 Exclusions from the scope of a Standard may occur if activities or transactions are so specialised that they give rise to accounting issues that may need to be dealt with in a different way. Such issues arise in the accounting for expenditure on the exploration for, or development and extraction of, oil, gas and mineral deposits in extractive industries and in the case of insurance contracts. Therefore, this Standard does not apply to expenditure on such activities and contracts. However, this Standard applies to other intangible assets used (such as computer software), and other expenditure incurred (such as start-up costs), in extractive industries or by insurers.Definitions8 The following terms are used in this Standard with the meanings specified:An active market is a market in which all the following conditions exist:(a) the items traded in the market are homogeneous;(b) willing buyers and sellers can normally be found at any time;(c) prices are available to the public.Amortisation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an intangible asset over its useful life.An asset is a resource:(a) controlled by an entity as a result of past events;(b) from which future economic benefits are expected to flow to the entity.Carrying amount is the amount at which an asset is recognised in the statement of financial position after deducting any accumulated amortisation and accumulatedimpairment losses thereon.Cost is the amount of cash or cash equivalents paid or the fair value of other consideration given to acquire an asset at the time of its acquisition or construction, or, when applicable, the amount attributed to that asset when initially recognised in accordance with the specific requirements of other IFRSs, eg IFRS 2 Share-based Payment.Depreciable amount is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less its residual value.Development is the application of research findings or other knowledge to a plan or design for the production of new or substantially improved materials, devices, products, processes, systems or services before the start of commercial production or use.Entity-specific value is the present value of the cash flows an entity expects to arise from the continuing use of an asset and from its disposal at the end of its useful life or expects to incur when settling a liability.Fair value of an asset is the amount for which that asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable, will ing parties in an arm’s length transaction.An impairment loss is the amount by which the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount.An intangible asset is an identifiable non-monetary asset without physical substance.Monetary assets are money held and assets to be received in fixed or determinable amounts of money.Research is original and planned investigation undertaken with the prospect of gaining new scientific or technical knowledge and understanding.The residual value of an intangible asset is the estimated amount that an entity would currently obtain from disposal of the asset, after deducting the estimated costs of disposal, if the asset were already of the age and in the condition expected at the end of its useful life.Useful life is:(a) the period over which an asset is expected to be available for use by an entity;(b) the number of production or similar units expected to be obtained from the asset by an entity.Intangible assets9 Entities frequently expend resources, or incur liabilities, on the acquisition, development, maintenance or enhancement of intangible resources such as scientific or technical knowledge, design and implementation of new processes or systems, licences, intellectual property, market knowledge and trademarks (including brand names and publishing titles). Common examples of items encompassed by these broad headings are computer software, patents, copyrights, motion picture films, customer lists, mortgage servicing rights, fishing licences, import quotas, franchises, customer or supplier relationships, customer loyalty, market share and marketing rights.10 Not all the items described in paragraph 9 meet the definition of an intangible asset, ie identifiability, control over a resource and existence of future economic benefits. If an item within the scope of this Standard does not meet the definition of an intangible asset, expenditure to acquire it or generate it internally is recognised as an expense when it is incurred. However, if the item is acquired in a business combination, it forms part of the goodwill recognised at the acquisition date (see paragraph 68).DisclosureGeneral118 An entity shall disclose the following for each class of intangible assets, distinguishing between internally generated intangible assets and other intangible assets:(a) whether the useful lives are indefinite or finite and, if finite, the useful lives or the amortisation rates used;(b) the amortisation methods used for intangible assets with finite useful lives;(c) the gross carrying amount and any accumulated amortisation (aggregated with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the period;(d) the line item(s) of the statement of comprehensive income in which any amortisation of intangible assets is included;(e) a reconciliation of the carrying amount at the beginning and end of the period showing:(i) additions, indicating separately those from internal development, those acquired separately, and those acquired through business combinations;(ii) assets classified as held for sale or included in a disposal group classified as held for sale in accordance with IFRS 5 and other disposals;(iii) increases or decreases during the period resulting from revaluations under paragraphs 75, 85 and 86 and from impairment losses recognised or reversed in other comprehensive income in accordance with IAS 36 (if any);(iv) impairment losses recognised in profit or loss during the period in accordance with IAS 36 (if any);(v) impairment losses reversed in profit or loss during the period in accordance with IAS 36 (if any);(vi) any amortisation recognised during the period;(vii) net exchange differences arising on the translation of the financial statements into the presentation currency, and on the translation of a foreign operation into the presentation currency of the entity;(viii) other changes in the carrying amount during the period.119 A class of intangible assets is a grouping of assets of a similar nature and use in an entity’s operations. Examples of separa te classes may include:(a) brand names;(b) mastheads and publishing titles;(c) computer software;(d) licences and franchises;(e) copyrights, patents and other industrial property rights, service and operating rights;(f) recipes, formulae, models, designs and prototypes;(g) intangible assets under development.The classes mentioned above are disaggregated (aggregated) into smaller (larger) classes if this results in more relevant information for the users of the financial statements.120 An entity discloses information on impaired intangible assets in accordance with IAS 36 in addition to the information required by paragraph 118(e)(iii)–(v).121 IAS 8 requires an entity to disclose the nature and amount of a change in an accounting estimate that has a material effect in the current period or is expected to have a material effect in subsequent periods. Such disclosure may arise from changes in:(a) the assessment of an intangible asset’s useful life;(b) the amortisation method;(c) residual values.122 An entity shall also disclose:(a) for an intangible asset assessed as having an indefinite useful life, the carrying amount of that asset and the reasons supporting the assessment of an indefinite useful life. In giving these reasons, the entity shall describe the factor(s) that played a significant role in determining that the asset has an indefinite useful life.(b) a description, the carrying amount and remaining amortisation period of any individual intangible asset that is material to the entity’s financial statements.(c) for intangible assets acquired by way of a government grant and initially recognised at fair value (see paragraph 44):(i) the fair value initially recognised for these assets;(ii) their carrying amount;(iii) whether they are measured after recognition under the cost model or the revaluation model.(d) the existence and carrying amounts of intangible assets whose title is restricted and the carrying amounts of intangible assets pledged as security for liabilities.(e) the amount of contractual commitments for the acquisition of intangible assets.123 When an entity describes the factor(s) that played a significant role in determining that the useful life of an intangible asset is indefinite, the entity considers the list of factors in paragraph 90.Intangible assets measured after recognition using the revaluation model124 If intangible assets are accounted for at revalued amounts, an entity shall disclose the following:(a) by class of intangible assets:(i) the effective date of the revaluation;(ii) the carrying amount of revalued intangible assets;(iii) the carrying amount that would have been recognised had the revalued class of intangible assets been measured after recognition using the cost model in paragraph 74;(b) the amount of the revaluation surplus that relates to intangible assets at the beginning and end of the period, indicating the changes during the period and any restrictions on the distribution of the balance to shareholders;(c) the methods and significant a ssumptions applied in estimating the assets’ fair values.125 It may be necessary to aggregate the classes of revalued assets into larger classes for disclosure purposes. However, classes are not aggregated if this would result in the combination of a class of intangible assets that includes amounts measured under both the cost and revaluation models.Foreign source：International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) .International Accounting Standard38—Intangible Assets.IASCF38.2003：857－859.译文：国际会计准则第38 号无形资产目的1．本准则的目的是对其他国际会计准则中没有具体涉及的无形资产的会计处理进行规范。

GPDS Milestone Description<MR>ManagementReview AlignmentManagement Review (<MR>) presents and secures cross-functional SeniorManagement alignment regarding the Program's fundamentalBusiness/Marketing/Technical assumptions (including initial content, scale,timing, investment, etc.) and agreement on the Program's role in supporting keycorporate strategic/business needs (e.g. role in portfolio, vision, etc.).Remaining key issues & workplans are to be resolved prior to <PS> andagreement on any additional alternative studies to be conducted between <MR>& <PS>.<PS>Program Start The focus of <PS> is to further refine output of the MR Review into a prime strategy that defines the starting point for the Program (e.g. program assumptions, financial targets/status, product vision, manufacturing strategy, etc) This task is the responsibility of a small cross-functional team taking into account customer, business, technical and manufacturing perspectives.<PSC>Program StrategyConfirmedComplete 1st Engineering Concepts, Attachment C's and AttributeSystem Requirements (Attachment D's) to provide multiple sets offeasible hardware concepts for System Selection. Review Attachment C'sto agree on Prime Alternative and Targets. Study hardware alternativesfor the product concept and prepare Program Direction Letter (PDL) andBill of Material (BOM) for <PSC>. All manufacturing long- leadfunding (if required) is requested at this time.<PTCC>Program TargetCompatibilityCheckpointAll system/subsystems are selected & reconfirmed as compatible withQCWF targets and the Bill of Process (BOP). The major Marketingtargets & attributes are confirmed and work continues in preparation for<PTC> (Program Target Compatibility). For commodities with SupplierEngineering- On-Board (EOB) date at <PTCC> (per Key CommodityPlan) Sourcing Agreement Letters (SAL's) are signed.<PTC>Program TargetCompatibilityThe focus of <PTC> is to use the output from the target alignmentsystem selection and further refine programs targets. This task is theresponsibility of a small cross-functional team taking into accountcustomer, business, technical and manufacturing perspectives.<PA>Program Approval At <PA/AA2> ABS, QCWF targets and market equation are confirmed compatible and become objectives, Commercial and Program Agreements are signed, program objectives are approved, preliminary activities for mass production are initiated, the second of three Appearance Approval Process events (AA2) is completed, the final Interior / Exterior design is approved, the design data is released, and the Upper Body V2 activities are completed.<FDJ>Final Data Judgment At <FDJ> all engineering designs are completed, and data readiness for VP prototype tooling, build, test and production tooling is judged by Senior Engineering Management based on verification/validation during Upper Body V0/V1/V2 and <M-1DC> results.Vehicle Milestone Names and Descriptions GPDS Milestone Names<VP>VerificationPrototypeThe VP builds are production intent for all Underbody and Upper Bodycontent, including UP electrical, and P/T calibration. The VP ProgramPDL (Feature/Options Summary) is defined at <PTC>. The VP Prototypecontent is defined to efficiently satisfy specific DV test requirements.The VP Digital Pre-Assembly (DPA) prototype variants are aligned tophysical builds. DPA ensures vehicle compatibility and designcompleteness. A VP Electrical Engineering Breadboard build is required,and the Electrical Design Completion timing is identified on programVPP. GPDS v2.2 maximizes production / hard tooling for the VP andlater builds phases.<PEC>PreliminaryEngineeringCompletionThe Preliminary Engineering Completion (PEC) event includes all the documentationand signatory elements described within FAP 03-201. Preliminary EngineeringCompletion is an engineering gateway where Senior Engineering Management assessesthe status of Program versus attribute and financial objectives. The intent of PEC is toidentify shortfalls to objectives and to confirm work plans are in place to successfullyachieve Final Engineering Completion (FEC). Success criteria are described in FAP 03-201.<FEC>Final EngineeringCompletionAt <FEC> Final Engineering Completion is authorized by SeniorManagement based upon the successful completion of all designvalidation testing and confirmation of no major open issues/risks.<LR>Launch Readiness At <LR> all Verification Prototype (VP) issues are resolved, all cross-functional activities' readiness to proceed to Body Construction / Assembly Tooling Trial is confirmed, and final approval to proceed to Tooling Trial is obtained.<LS>Launch Sign-off Pilot Production (PP) Approval is the approval to proceed to the PP build. Approval is obtained at the Launch Sign-Off Meeting, in which the following should occur: determine the readiness of internal & external tooling/equipment and operator training etc. for each relevant department; forecast the achievement level of quality targets; and Confirm and provide External Supplier APQP/PPAP Readiness –Element Summary Report (Schedule B). All data previously stated is required to proceed to PP.<J1>Job #1The physical product / process functional evaluation is conducted; homologation /self certification (excluding US Emissions) is performed, body & vehicle pilot production (PP) is completed, and approval to proceed to MP1 is obtained.<OKTB>Okay To Buy Okay-To-Buy confirms MP2 quality confirmation results, & vehicle static/drive evaluations. The Okay-To-Buy meeting is held at the Assembly Plant. The meeting should be held around the product with a follow up discussion of the measurables from the Okay-to-Buy scorecard. The discussion of the measurables will be given by the responsible launch team/assembly plant members who will present the recommendations and the decision/facts that are reported on the Okay-to-Buy scorecard.Prototype Builds Final Status ReportAn initial summary is prepared after MP (Mass Production) team events. The ProgramManagement team confirms program objective achievement status, identifies countermeasures, documents final results/lessons learned (financials, sales & market share,quality surveys, campaigns, field actions, etc.) and obtains approval for the final report.DescriptionPrototype BuildsFC0FeasibilityCheckpoint 0The Studio Feasibility Process is a subset of GPDS deliverables and astep by step guide for Design & surface development. Prior to <FC0>,Annual Process and Advanced (pre PS) activities are taking place tosupport the initial program assumptions. At FC0, only a small team ofdesigners and engineers are working on the project to establish a set ofhigh level program assumptions. Resulting from the outputs of pre PSactivities, at <FC0> the Concept Design is decided.FC1FeasibilityCheckpoint 1The Studio Feasibility Process is a subset of GPDS deliverables and astep by step guide for Design & surface development. At FC1,Functional Engineering and Design Studio completes benchmarking.Additionally, mechanical & occupant package parameters are beingestablished. The Studio Design Theme alternatives are evaluated againstprogram assumptions and attribute strategies. Representations of selectedStudio Design Theme alternatives are prepared to support the plannedPackage & Concept Clinic.FC2FeasibilityCheckpoint 2The Studio Feasibility Process is a subset of GPDS deliverables and astep by step guide for Design & surface development. At FC2, the threeStudio Design alternatives are matured along with the programassumptions. Functional Engineering completes Attachment C/Dreconciliation allowing provisional upper body system selection. StudioDesign Theme alternatives are assessed to attribute target ranges.FC3FeasibilityCheckpoint 3The Studio Feasibility Process is a subset of GPDS deliverables and astep by step guide for Design & surface development. At FC3, the threeStudio Design alternatives are matured and further refined until Themesare narrowed down to 2 with Character Feasibility completed (+/-10mmto +/-20mm).FC4FeasibilityCheckpoint 4The Studio Feasibility Process is a subset of GPDS deliverables and a step by step guidefor Design & surface development. At FC4, along with the results from the Theme &Package Clinic, the Studio Design Theme is evaluated against program assumptions andattribute point targets. Cost checkpoint to collect supplier data has been added forversion 2.2.FC5FeasibilityCheckpoint 5The Studio Feasibility Process is a subset of GPDS deliverables and a step by step guidefor Design & surface development. From FC4 to FC5, the Single Design Theme isfurther refined with additional feasibility inputs incorporated. Preliminary upper bodygeometry is available for program team evaluation. Exterior and interior math surfacedata reflecting Design intent is provided to the program team. FC5 represents the end ofDesign led change.AA1AppearanceApproval 1At <AA1> the first of three Appearance Approval Process events iscompleted, approval for Interior and Exterior Design feasible surfaces isobtained, and the transfer of production intent surfaces and the start ofUpper Body V2 activities is initiated.AA2AppearanceApproval 2From AA1 to AA2, all surface data files are released from the DesignStudio to the program team. Digital Pre Assembly activity continues.AA1 marks the beginning of surface release. <AA2> represents the endof surface release. Releases are phased depending on part ranking.FAA Final AppearanceApprovalAt <FAA> the final event in the Appearance Approval process iscompleted, Interior / Exterior surface final refinements and highlights areapproved, and supporting design data is updated.DescriptionX-1X-1 Prototype First Drivable X-1 Prototype Vehicle build is completed and ready to be delivered to the customer.M-1M-1 Prototype First Drivable M-1 Prototype Vehicle build is completed and ready to be delivered to the customer. M-1 vehicles are used to verify key specifications in the Under Body area.DescriptionUNV0Underbody V0DevelopmentDuring this phase engineers collect information and develop Under Bodybase mechanical package work plan. Information includes: <PSC>program paper, pre-V0 mechanical package data, 1st engineeringconcept, Attachment C and preliminary vehicle & system attribute targetranges (Attachment D), and then develop mechanical package work plan.UNV1Underbody V1DevelopmentDuring this phase engineers update the Underbody V1 Geometric 2D/3Dprogram intent CAD data, non-geometric data, and engineering databased upon latest 3D data, digital pre-assembly reviews,system/component CAE assessments, Campaign Prevention actions andVO resolution actions.UNV2Underbody V2DevelopmentDuring this phase engineers confirm and refine V2 UnderbodySystem/Component designs and Mechanical Package to achieve allapplicable vehicle level engineering requirements and PMT targets. ForAgreed Exception ‘Long Lead’ tools, tool order may be placed prior toUNV2 and rough cutting of tools may start at the completion of UNV2(not before).M-1DJ M-1 Data Judgment At M1-DJ all Underbody engineering designs are completed, and the data is ready for release for M1 prototype tooling, build and test. Final cutting of tools may start at the completion of M1DJ (not before). The goal is to complete supplier testing by M-1 MRD. On an exception basis for agreed ‘long lead’ parts some aspects of component testing may be allowed to complete post MRD provided the integrity of the vehicle build and test plan is not judged to be compromised. Each commodity team must define the critical component testing which must be completed prior to M1 MRD and get signed off as part of the M1DJ sign-offUPV0Upperbody V0DevelopmentDuring this phase engineers collect information and develop Upper Bodybase mechanical package work plan. Information includes: <PSC>program paper, pre-V0 mechanical package data, 1st engineeringconcept, Attachment C and preliminary vehicle & system attribute targetranges (Attachment D), and then develop mechanical package work plan.Prototype Builds Engineering GatewaysUPV1Upperbody V1DevelopmentDuring this phase engineers update the Upperbody V1 Geometric 2D/3Dprogram intent CAD data, non-geometric data, and engineering databased upon latest 3D data, digital pre-assembly reviews,system/component CAE assessments, Campaign Prevention actions andVO resolution actions.UPV2Upperbody V2DevelopmentDuring this phase engineers confirm and refine V2 UpperbodySystem/Component designs and Mechanical Package to achieve allapplicable vehicle level engineering requirements and PMT targets. ForAgreed Exception ‘Long Lead’ tools, tool order may be placed prior toUPV2 and rough cutting of tools may start at the completion of UPV2(not before).M-1DC M-1 DevelopmentCompleteCompile the <M-1DC> Engineering Sign Off Report (targetdemonstration versus status). All Program risks for Quality, Cost,Weight, & Functional Targets assessed and countermeasures developed.Identify and select the M-1 Drive Vehicle. Prepare M-1 Drive Vehicleand schedule the M-1 SME Drive. Conduct the attribute characterizationof the M-1 Drive Vehicle. Develop work plan and countermeasures toclose issues identified during <M-1DC> testing and M-1 Drive VehiclePreparation.DescriptionTT Tooling Trial –Build StartThe Tooling Trial (TT) Vehicles Built per Pre-Launch Control Plan is abuild conducted at the production location utilizing production tooling,process, and hard-tooled production parts at the required PPAP level(LQOS Standard G06). The build is conducted per the Pre-ProductionControl Plan to verify capability of assembly production tools,equipment, facilities & processes to ensure readiness for Pilot Production(PP).PP Pilot Production –Build StartThe readiness and the ability to proceed for Pilot Production is assessed,the start of Pilot Production is authorized, the MP1 readiness isreviewed, and Pre-production builds are conducted to verify thecapability of the production tools, equipment, facilities, systems andprocesses with hard-tooled production parts.MP1Mass Production 1MP1 Vehicles Built per Production Control Plan is a build verifying the compatibility of production process, facilities, and tooling with material at the required PPAP level (LQOS Standard G06). MP1 Build Review Meeting, in which the following should occur: confirm the readiness of internal & external tooling/equipment and operator training etc. for each relevant department is complete; confirm the achievement level of quality to targets Confirm and provide External Supplier APQP/PPAP Readiness –Element Summary Report (Schedule B). All data previously stated is required to proceed to MP2.MP2Mass Production 2MP2 Vehicles Built to Production Control Plan is a build verifying the compatibility of production process, facilities, and tooling with material at the required PPAP level (Standard G06).Assembly Plant Build Starts。

[Legal entity Supplier], [Place of Registration/ Headquarter] [VAT Number/ Registration Number][Country][Legal entity of Continental Corporation][Place of Registration/ Headquarter][Country]DesignationGeneral Quality Agreement Rev. BDocument key PagesTable of ContentsPage1 Introduction 3 1.1 1.2 DefinitionsParties to this agreement 3 3 1.3 Scope3 1.4 Background / Area of Application 4 1.5 Validity4 2 General System Requirements5 2.1 2.2 Management System Requirements SupplyOn usage5 5 2.3 Sub-Supplier Control 5 2.4 Audits5 2.5 Supplier Performance Indicators and Rating6 2.6 Escalation Process7 2.7 Record Retention / Archiving Period 8 2.8 Design for environment 8 2.9 Contingency plans8 3 Advanced Quality Planning9 3.1 Feasibility Commitment, Supplier Component Review (SCR) 9 3.2 Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP) 9 3.3 Engineering Prototype Sample Submissions 9 3.4 FMEA9 3.5 3.6 Measurement System Analysis (MSA) Special Characteristics 10 10 3.7 Qualification11 3.8 Manufacturing Process Review11 3.9 Production Part Approval Process (PPAP) 11 3.10 Product and Process Release Information 12 4 Ramp up Process13 4.1 Pre-Production and Sample Part Requirements 13 4.2 Safe Launch Concept 13 5 Serial Production14 5.1 Deviation Approval for Product or Process Deviations 14 5.2 Process Capability and Control 14 5.3 Annual Re-Qualification 15 5.4 Certificates of Conformance 15 5.5 Problem Solving Methods15 5.6 Non Conforming Components / Corrective Actions16 5.7 Changes to Approved Products and Processes (PCN) 16 5.8 Identification and traceability 16 5.9 5.10 Incoming Inspection Shelf-Life 17 17 6 Reference18 7 8 Reference to ISO/TS 16949 Abbreviations19 20 9 Record of Changes 21DesignationGeneral Quality Agreement Rev. BDocument keyPages1.Introduction1.1Definitions“Party” or “Parties” shall mean individually or collectively Continental and/or Supplier, or any Participating Related Company/Companies individually or as contracting parties to an agreement concluded pursuant to this GQA, as the case may be.1.2 Parties to this agreementThis GQA shall apply to the Parties including the Participating Related Companies of the Parties. Related Companies shall mean any company which, through ownership of voting stock or otherwise, directly or indirectly, is controlled by, under the common control with, or in control of a Party hereto, the term "control" meaning the ownership of more than 50 % of such company's voting rights.Related Companies may accede to, become bound by, and avail themselves of the rights and remedies of this GQA by signing or otherwise entering an Individual Agreement. Such Participating Related Company shall then be bound mutatis mutandis as Continental and Supplier by the terms and conditions of this GQA as having entered into the GQA by itself.For the avoidance of doubt, a Participating Related Company will not become jointly and severally liable for the obligations of any other Party or Participating Related Company.1.3 ScopeThe purpose of this document is to communicate Continental requirements with respect to the quality and environmental management system of those companies that supply production goods and/or services to Continental.It is the Suppliers’ obligation to ensure that all quality rules set out in this Agreement are transmitted, implemented and committed to by the members of Supplier’s sub-supplier panel. Continental expects zero defects for every quoted contract-product and a commitment from our Suppliers to implement appropriate systems and controls to ensure the 100% on-time delivery of conforming, defect free products.DesignationGeneral Quality Agreement Rev. BDocument keyPages1.4Background / Area of ApplicationContinental Supplier Quality and Environmental System Requirements are based upon the latest edition of ISO/TS 16949 Quality System Requirements and ISO 14001 Environmental System Requirements. Although this does not alter or reduce any other requirements of the contract, it is intended to provide a concise understanding of our quality and environmental expectations. By signing this GQA the Supplier hereby acknowledges that this GQA applies to all components and services supplied by him to any Continental location world-wide.1.5 ValidityAs of the Effective Date this GQA embodies all the terms and conditions of the contract between the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes and cancels all previous agreements and understandings. There are no verbal statements which have not been embodied herein.Relevant incorporated documents (see Annex 1) shall become applicable with signature of the GQA. New or revised incorporated documents will be provided via the SupplyOn service “Document Manager”. They become valid if there is no objection received in writing within a three month period from the facility for taking notice of the documents.In case of conflicting rules between the rules of this Agreement and any other agreement/ document, the order of precedence of the documents is as follows: 1. Strategic Supplier Contract 2. Component specification / drawing 3. General Quality Agreement (GQA)(i) Category Quality Requirements (ii) Quality Process Requirements (iii) Continental General Specifications 4. Sourcing Agreement 5. Purchase OrderDeviations from the order of precedence are possible if the Parties expressly agree to deviate in individual agreements and reflect that agreement by adding the following wording to each provision: “The following provision shall apply in expressed deviation to Chapter… of the …”DesignationGeneral Quality Agreement Rev. BDocument keyPages2.General System Requirements2.1 Management System RequirementsPresent and potential suppliers to Continental must operate within a comprehensive quality system. Suppliers shall provide written confirmation and objective evidence of third party certification to an active version of ISO/TS 16949. Suppliers who are not ISO/TS 16949 (latest issue) certified must have a working plan to become compliant to ISO/TS 16949 available for review, unless the supplier has an approved exemption from Continental waiving such a plan.Suppliers are required to install environmental systems in their facilities that are compliant to ISO 14001. Suppliers who are not certified must have a working plan to become compliant to ISO 14001 available for review, unless the supplier has an approved exemption from Continental waiving such a plan.Certified suppliers must record their initial and renewal certifications in the “Business Directory” of the SupplyOn Platform within 10 days of receiving the certificate from their registrar.2.2 SupplyOn usageSupplier shall register to SupplyOn and actively use the following services: Sourcing, Document Manager, Performance Monitor, Project Management, Problem Solver.2.3Sub-Supplier ControlThe requirements set out in this Agreement shall also apply to the QM-System that the Supplier shall set up with its sub-suppliers. Upon Continental’s request the Supplier shall submit supplier- and product approvals and corresponding quality contracts with its sub-suppliers. The Supplier shall notify Continental of any changes to their approved Supplier list and request Continental’s approval following the rules set force in Chapter 5.7 (PCN). Each supplier is responsible for the control and continuous improvement efforts of sub-suppliers. That responsibility as well applies to sub-suppliers nominated by Continental. Suppliers shall enable visits by Continental at their suppliers.2.4 AuditsUpon request Continental, a 3rd party representative or customers shall be entitled to visit any product related location of the Supplier and to conduct audits based on ISO/TS 16949 and VDA standards. This right shall also include audits at the Supplier’s sub-suppliers’ locations. The Supplier shall provide the necessary resources for the performance of this task. The Supplier is, however, not obligated to reveal any proprietary information without a mutual non-disclosure-agreement in place.DesignationGeneral Quality Agreement Rev. BDocument keyPagesA scoring and audit report will be provided by the respective auditor at the end of an audit during the common wrap-up discussion with the involved participants. The audit report and the necessary measures resulting from the audit (as far as identifiable) shall be agreed upon by the Supplier and Continental within an action plan. The tracking and follow-up for the realization of the action plan will be performed by Continental's auditor.Each year, the Supplier shall perform a self audit according to VDA 6.3 standard for all product lines including subcontracted processes. Continental shall be informed of all audit results below 85% or C classification. Upon request of Continental the Supplier shall provide all audit results including documentation and action plans.Clause 8.2.2.2 of ISO/TS 16949:2002 require that the organization shall audit each manufacturing process to determine its effectiveness. Self-Assessments by the suppliers including any sub-supplied parts or outsourced processes to be applied in accordance to AIAG Special Processes (CQI). Continental Automotive requires that applicable audits are conducted at minimum frequency of once per year and that record of assessments including action plans be maintained and made available to Continental SQM upon request. Compliance to be demonstrated for the latest edition of following special processes:• CQI-9 : Heat Treat Assessment (HTSA) • CQI-11 : Plating System Assessment (PSA) • CQI-12 : Coating System Assessment (CSA) • CQI-15 : Welding System Assessment (WSA) •CQI-17 : Soldering System Assessment (SSA)2.5Supplier Performance Indicators and RatingContinental performs a supplier evaluation in several categories based on key performance indicators such as: IncidentsAn Incident is any significant and product or component relevant disturbance generated by a supplier influencing Continental or a Continental customer. An incident is equal to one quality notification (QN) which is created in case of:• Customer Complaints Field/Warranty • Customer Complaints 0-km• Continental Productions Complaints• Continental Incoming Inspection Complaints •Continental Logistics complaintsPPM-LevelThe PPM-Level evaluates the Supplier’s performance in parts per million for failures at Continental incoming inspection, Continental manufacturing line and customer defects.DesignationGeneral Quality Agreement Rev. BDocument keyPagesAPQP performanceFor the definition of APQP requirements see chapter 3.2.The performance will be measured based on the fulfillment of mandatory elements.Cycle timeCycle time is the calculated response time (in days) of the Supplier to a complaint issued by Continental. Requirements see “Quality Process Requirements for Complaint Management (QPR A2C00052917AAA).8D Quality8D Quality is rated using the 8D evaluation systematic described in “Quality Process Requirements for Complaint Management (QPR A2C00052917AAA).Supplier EvaluationThe global performance of the Supplier will be evaluated annually for purchasing, quality, logistics and technology elements and serves to determine Continental strategic supply base.Based on the results of such evaluation the Supplier shall define and implement appropriate corrective actions. If the quality results fail to meet the committed goals, the Supplier shall implement immediate corrective actions to reach the targets.2.6 Escalation ProcessAn escalation process is launched in case of non satisfying Supplier performance.The Supplier shall enable a visit from Continental or a meeting within 48 hours after receipt of the complaint.Incident escalationAs entry criteria into the escalation an 8D report from the Supplier is mandatory. Based on the 8D report and an expert meeting the supplier could be set to CSL1 in order to prevent re-occurrence of the same failure.In case of CSL1 the Supplier shall apply additional / redundant testing to prevent shipping of non-conforming components to Continental. The testing process shall include a 100% screening. The screening shall be applied to all components at the Supplier's location, in transit, or at Continental's plant.CSL2 may be applied independently from CSL1, the application of CSL2 shall be mandatory if a failed part is delivered during CSL1. In case of CSL2 the Supplier shall hire an independent thirdDesignationGeneral Quality Agreement Rev. BDocument keyPagesParty approved by Continental which needs to perform the containment actions and to support the related 8D process.Components shipped under CSL1 or CSL2 shall be marked with a mutually agreed upon identification method.Worst supplier escalationAs entry criteria into the escalation an action plan from the Supplier is mandatory. Based on the action plan and an expert meeting the Supplier could be set to CSL1. If there is no progress concerning the actions agreed, a management meeting shall be conducted and based on the results the supplier could be set to CSL2.CSL1 or CSL 2 can be used as containment action.A Q-BIC@supplier program can be launched to support the improvement plan. Top Management Meeting, New Business on Hold, Phase-OutIn case that CSL1/2 failed or the VDA6.3 audit result has been ranked with C or the supplier evaluation results have been insufficient, a Top Management Meeting will be organized. The output of the meeting could lead to the decision "New Business on Hold" or "Phase-Out".2.7 Record retentionThe Supplier shall be obligated to document and maintain Production Part Approval Process (PPAP) documentation, annual layout and validation records, tooling records, traceability records, engineering records, corrective action records, quality performance records and inspection and test results. In minimum the listed documents shall be archived over at least 15 years after Continental production has been terminated and tooling scrap authorization has been granted. Records shall be available to Continental upon request. The above time periods are considered “minimum”. All retention times shall meet or exceed the above requirements and any governmental requirements.2.8 Design for EnvironmentSuppliers are obligated to contribute to the implementation for environmental requirements in product design. Requirements which must be met by the Suppliers under aspect of product-related protection of the environment are set force in Continentals Quality Process Requirements “Design for Environment of Purchased Components and Modules" (QPR A2C00909200AAA).2.9 Contingency plansSuppliers are required to prepare contingency plans (e.g. facility interruptions, labor shortages, key equipment failure and field returns) to reasonably protect Continental's supply of product in the event of an emergency, excluding Acts of God / Force Majeure.DesignationGeneral Quality Agreement Rev. BDocument keyPages3.Advanced Quality Planning3.1 Feasibility Commitment, Supplier Component Review (SCR)With each offer to Continental, the Supplier shall submit a feasibility commitment in regards to project time plan, quality targets and technical requirements. The Supplier shall perform a detailed feasibility analysis and present the outcome during a "Supplier Component Review Meeting". The main output of this meeting will be a feasibility commitment to a common agreed project time schedule, a common agreed (target) specification/drawing and a fixed supply chain.3.2 Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP)Supplier and its sub-suppliers shall have a comprehensive APQP process in place in accordance to the latest AIAG and Continental’s requirements. Suppliers shall maintain APQP using the SupplyOn service “Project Management” for each component development project. Based on these requirements Continental has the opportunity to verify the APQP process at the Supplier as well as at the sub-supplier's premises together with its customer. The Supplier shall have a designated project engineer / manager for each component development project, who will be available upon request by Continental to be part of the overall project team.3.3 Engineering Prototype Sample SubmissionEngineering prototype parts with documentation of specification conformance shall be submitted to Continental by the supplier as instructed by the department at Continental responsible for prototype and engineering validation testing. Each sample or prototype must be clearly labeled as such and accompanied by completed dimensional results, material test results, and performance test results reports as described in the AIAG PPAP Manual. Specific instructions, in addition to these stated requirements, may be agreed upon and documented by Continental via the APQP Kick-Off Meeting or other formal communication.3.4 FMEAThe Supplier shall conduct FMEAs before design and process validation in accordance to AIAG standard. FMEAs shall:(a) recognize and evaluate the potential failure modes of the design & process as well aseffects of failure modes,(b) identify actions that could eliminate or reduce the chance of the potential failure occurring,and(c) document the entire process.All identified potential failure modes shall be considered in order to improve the product & process. Supplier shall set up a rating system in its QM-system which identifies the priorities of recommended measures (e.g. RPN, Severity).DesignationGeneral Quality Agreement Rev. BDocument keyPagesThe first release of each FMEA shall be transmitted to Continental before design validation and process qualification. Each event or change shall be updated in such FMEAs.The process FMEA shall be delivered to Continental, the design FMEA shall be made available for review.3.5 Measurement System AnalysisThe Supplier shall perform Measurement System Analysis (MSA) studies according latest AIAG MSA Manual for all gauges and measurement systems/equipments indicated in respective Control Plans for qualification, pre-series and production components. Each MSA study need to cover Gage R&R, bias, linearity and stability studies and need to demonstrate that percentage Gauge R&R (%GRR) < 10% with a “number of distinct categories” (ndc) ≥ 5.In case the %GRR is between > 10% and < 30% or ndc < 5 the Supplier has to implement corrective actions. Usage of such marginal measurement systems requires Continental’s approval. %GRR > 30% shall not be used for manufacturing of Continental components at any time.The herein specified MSA requirements need to be assured by the Supplier during the complete component life cycle this includes changes like e.g. product changes, process changes, measurement system changes, measurement system repairs or any other change which could influence the performance of the measurement system.3.6Special CharacteristicsSpecial Characteristics are any product characteristics defined by Continental or customers or manufacturing process parameters identified by the Supplier including government and safety regulations, which have a substantial influence on the:- manufacturability at Continental - manufacturability at the customer- usage and operation of the product by the customer - compliance with applicable regulations-compliance to applicable safety requirementsSpecial Characteristics are further categorized into:- Characteristics not relating to safety or legal considerations -Characteristics with safety or legal considerationsDesignationGeneral Quality Agreement Rev. BDocument keyPagesIn accordance with the requirements of ISO/TS 16949, Special Characteristics shall be identified and specifically addressed in the Design-FMEA, Process-FMEA, Control Plans, Process Flows, work instructions and other associated documents.Continental required Special Characteristics will be identified on drawings/specifications or in a separate document that cross-references these characteristics to the drawings/specifications. The supplier is responsible to fully understand the process impact to their product and identify any process parameter Special Characteristics as they deem appropriate. Suppliers are also responsible for ensuring that relevant Special Characteristics are explained, understood and controlled by their sub-suppliers where applicable.3.7 QualificationThe Supplier shall maintain a qualification system for processes and components which are capable of proving the requirements as defined in the respective specifications/drawings and incorporated documents (see Annex 1).3.8 Manufacturing Process ReviewThe Supplier is responsible to carry out reviews in his area of responsibility. They must be scheduled in such a way that the results are available on the specified release days (milestones) of the project. An assessment of a supplier’s manufacturing process may be conducted before and after part approval at the supplier’s facility. This assessment may be specified by Continental or its customer (e.g. Run@Rate and VDA 6.3 Audit).3.9 Production Part Approval Process (PPAP)The Supplier shall conduct the PPAP according to the date specified. PPAP shall determine whether all Continental engineering design requirements, specification requirements and process requirements are met by the Supplier and that the process has the defined capability to produce components meeting these requirements during an actual production run at the quoted production rate.PPAP shall be performed following the rules set out in the AIAG PPAP manual and related Continental requirements.The standard PPAP submission level shall be 3, unless otherwise agreed.Upon request by Continental, the PPA requirements as referenced in the VDA volume 2 manual shall be used.PPAPs shall be submitted to the requesting quality department and any associated PPAP sample parts shall be clearly labeled as such.DesignationGeneral Quality Agreement Rev. BDocument keyPages3.10 Product- and Process Release InformationThe Component and Process is released after a PSW has been countersigned by Continental SQM. Changes of the process or component are not allowed after this point without prior notification. Supplier’s components shall not be accepted by Continental for series production in case a product release has not been issued. Any production shipments received by Continental prior to obtaining a countersigned PSW will be rejected. The PSW does not constitute Application- or Manufacturing approval at Continental. In case a full approval cannot be achieved on time a written deviation approval is required prior to shipping parts to Continental for production. Continental shall inform the Supplier of such product release. .DesignationGeneral Quality Agreement Rev. BDocument keyPages4.Ramp up Process4.1 Pre-Production and Sample Part requirementsSuppliers are required to meet Continental's Pre-production and Sample Part requirements. These requirements will be defined by Continental via the APQP Kick-Off Meeting or other formal communication. Required documentation (e.g. Control Plans) must be kept current.Suppliers are expected to clearly identify “pre-production” or “sample parts” to ensure that Continental's receiving site does not mix such parts with “regular” production parts. Suppliers are also expected to work closely with Continental plant Scheduling and Material Control personnel to minimize unnecessary obsolescence. Labeling must be done per Continental's receiving site requirements and shall be differentiated from regular production shipping labels, unless the parts are already PPAP approved. In particular, the Supplier Identification, Part Number, Engineering Level, and Quantity must be clearly displayed on the part-packaging label to ensure easy, visible segregation of containers/parts.4.2 Safe Launch ConceptThe Supplier shall apply a Safe Launch Concept (SLC) according to the product and process maturity. The scale of the SLC shall be defined during the APQP process and agreed by Continental. The purpose of the SLC is to document the Supplier's control of its processes during start-up and ramp-up phase, it shall also enable the Supplier to quickly identify and quickly correct any quality issues that may arise at the Supplier's location. SLC includes special verifications performed by the Supplier for a defined timeframe or quantity as determined together with Continental in the APQP process.SLC requires a Pre-Launch Control Plan, which is a significant enhancement to the Supplier's production control plan and which in turn will raise the confidence level to ensure that all components shipped initially will meet Continental's expectations. The Pre-launch control plan will also serve to validate the production control plan. The Pre-Launch Control Plan shall take into consideration all known critical conditions of the product as determined with Continental as well as potential areas of concerns in the Supplier’s process as also identified during the introduction and PPAP. The Supplier shall generate the Pre-Launch Control Plan prior to start of series production and shall make it available to Continental for approval prior to start of series production. Continental shall be entitled to request changes.Suppliers are required to submit inspection data to Continental's plant. This should include variable measurement data where applicable. Suppliers may exit the safe launch process if they have achieved SLC targets unless otherwise specified by Continental.DesignationGeneral Quality Agreement Rev. BDocument keyPagesSuppliers shall develop action plans to address missed failure modes or capability improvement needs. Continental may require suppliers to perform production on stock for product and process verification purpose. Missing achievement of the SLC targets within the mutual defined period of time or quantities may lead to a withdrawal of the release.5.Serial Production5.1 Deviation Approval for Product or Process DeviationsIt is the policy of Continental not to accept products that do not meet the requirements of the applicable drawings and specifications. Requests for deviations on nonconforming products shall be submitted to Continental's receiving plant for review and approval prior to shipment. Deviations shall be approved only for a specific time period or quantity of parts. No permanent deviations are permitted. A deviation request shall be accompanied by a Problem Solving Report (8D). This report shall include the identification of a clean point and the manner in which products will be identified, including how traceability will be maintained.5.2 Process Capability and ControlSuppliers are required that processes shall meet process capability and SPC requirements as defined in the AIAG PPAP and SPC reference manual, unless otherwise specified by Continental Automotive. The acceptance criteria for short term studies is a Cmk and Ppk >= 2. For long term process capability a Cpk >= 1,67 is required.The supplier is responsible that control requirements are documented in the control plan and that capability indices are achieved and improved throughout production. If the required capability cannot be reached then 100% testing is mandatory.The Supplier is obligated to define samples ("golden" samples) to be used as reference for the manufacturing process and final product.Upon request of Continental the Supplier shall provide measurement and traceability data for special characteristics.The Supplier shall inform Continental about any deviation of the current reading of the First Pass Yield (FPY) from the average weekly FPY of more than +/-10% for any product within two days after the deviation occurred. The Supplier shall provide information regarding the current and past FPY upon request of Continental.Without the prior written approval of Continental the Supplier shall not repair or sort components. Rework/repair includes all activities on components outside the documented process flow.。

TECHNICAL ISO/TS SPECIFICATION 16949质量管理体系－汽车生产件和相关服务件组织应用ISO 9001:2008的特别要求Quality management systems －Particular requirements for the applicationof ISO 9001:2008 for automotive productionand relevant service part organizationsReference numberISO/TS 16949:2009 (E)© ISO 2009ContentsForewordRemarks for certificationIntroduction0.1 General总则0.2 Process approach过程方法0.3 Relationship with ISO 9004 与ISO 9004的关系0.3.1 IATF Guidance to ISO/TS 16949:2002 IATF关于ISO/TS 16949:2002的指南0.4 Compatibility with other management systems与其他管理体系的相容性0.5 Goal of this Technical Specification本技术规范的目标1 Scope范围1.1 General总则1.2 Application应用2 Normative reference规范性引用文件3 Terms and definitions术语和定义3.1Terms and definitions for the automotive industry汽车行业的术语和定义4 Quality management system 质量管理体系4.1 General requirements 总要求4.1.1 General requirements – Supplemental 总要求-补充4.2 Documentation requirements 文件要求4.2.1 General总则4.2.2 Quality manual质量手册4.2.3 Control of documents 文件控制4.2.3.1 Engineering specifications 工程规范4.2.4 Control of records 记录控制4.2.4.1 Records retention 记录保存5 Management responsibility管理职责5.1 Management commitment管理承诺5.1.1 Process efficiency过程效率5.2 Customer focus以顾客为关注焦点5.3 Quality policy 质量方针5.4 Planning策划5.4.1 Quality objectives质量目标5.4.1.1 Quality objectives – Supplemental 质量目标-补充5.4.2 Quality management system planning质量管理体系策划5.5 Responsibility, authority and communication职责权限与沟通5.5.1 Responsibility and authority 职责和权限5.5.1.1 Responsibility for quality质量职责5.5.2 Management representative管理者代表5.5.2 1 Customer representative顾客代表5.5.3 Internal communication内部沟通5.6 Management review管理评审5.6.1 General总则5.6.1.1 Quality management system performance 质量管理体系绩效5.6.2 Review input 评审输入5.6.2.1 Review input – Supplemental 评审输入-补充5.6.3 Review output评审输出6 Resource management 资源管理6.1 Provision of resources资源提供6.2 Human resources人力资源6.2.1 General总则6.2.2 Competence, awareness and training and awareness 能力、意识和培训和意识6.2.2.1 Product design skills 产品设计技能6.2.2.2 Training 培训6.2.2.3 Training on the job 岗位培训6.2.2.4 Employee motivation and empowerment 员工激励和授权6.3 Infrastructure 基础设施6.3.1 Plant, facility and equipment planning 工厂、设施和设备策划6.3.2 Contingency plans 应急计划6.4 Work environment 工作环境6.4.1 Personnel safety to achieve conformity to product quality requirements与实现产品质量要求符合性相关的人员安全6.4.2 Cleanliness of premises 生产现场的清洁7 Product realization 产品实现7.1 Planning of product realization产品实现的策划7.1.1 Planning of product realization – Supplemental 产品实现的策划-补充7.1.2 Acceptance criteria 接收准则7.1.3 Confidentiality 保密7.1.4 Change control 更改控制7.2 Customer-related processes 与顾客有关的过程7.2.1 Determination of requirements related to the product与产品有关的要求的确定7.2.1.1 Customer-designated special characteristics 顾客指定的特殊特性7.2.2 Review of requirements related to the product与产品有关的要求的评审7.2.2.1 Review of requirements related to the product - Supplemental与产品有关的要求的评审-补充7.2.2.2 Organization manufacturing feasibility 组织制造可行性7.2.3 Customer communication 顾客沟通7.2.3.1 Customer communication – Supplemental顾客沟通-补充7.3 Design and development 设计和开发7.3.1 Design and development planning 设计和开发策划7.3.1.1 Multidisciplinary approach 多方论证方法7.3.2 Design and development inputs 设计和开发输入7.3.2.1 Product design input 产品设计输入7.3.2.2 Manufacturing process design input 制造过程设计输入7.3.2.3 Special characteristics 特殊特性7.3 3 Design and development outputs 设计和开发输出7.3.3.1 Product design outputs – Supplemental 产品设计输出-补充7.3.3.2 Manufacturing process design output制造过程设计输出7.3.4 Design and development review 设计和开发评审7.3.4.1 Monitoring 监视7.3.5Design and development verification设计和开发验证7.3.6 Design and development validation 设计和开发确认7.3.6.1 Design and development validation –Supplemental设计和开发确认-补充7.3.6.2 Prototype programme 样件计划7.3.6.3 Product approval process 产品批准过程7.3.7 Control of design and development changes 设计和开发更改的控制7.4 Purchasing 采购7.4.1 Purchasing process 采购过程7.4.1.1 Regulatory conformity法规的符合性7.4.1.2 Supplier quality management system development供方质量体系的开发7.4.1.3 Customer-approved sources 顾客批准的供货来源7.4.2 Purchasing information采购信息7.4.3 Verification of purchased product采购产品的验证7.4.3.1 Incoming product quality conformity to requirements 进货产品质量要求的符合性7.4.3.2 Supplier monitoring 对供方的监视7.5 Production and service provision 生产和服务提供7.5.1 Control of production and service provision 生产和服务提供的控制7.5.1.1 Control plan 控制计划7.5.1.2 Work instructions 作业指导书7.5.1.3 Verification of job set-ups 作业准备的验证7.5.1.4 Preventive and Predictive maintenance 预防性和预见性维护7.5.1.5 Management of production tooling 生产工装的管理7.5.1.6 Production scheduling 生产计划7.5.1.7 Feedback of information from service服务信息反馈7.5.1.8 Servicing agreement with customer与顾客的服务协议7.5.2 Validation of processes for production and service provision生产和服务提供过程的确认7.5.2.1 Validation of processes for production and service provision - Supplemental生产和服务提供过程的确认-补充7.5.3 Identification and traceability 标识和可追溯性7.5.3.1 Identification and traceability - Supplemental标识和可追溯性-补充7.5.4 Customer property顾客财产7.5.4.1 Customer-owned production tooling 顾客所有的生产工装7.5.5 Preservation of product产品防护7.5.5.1 Storage and inventory贮存和库存7.6 Control of monitoring and measuring devices equipment监视和测量装置设备的控制7.6.1 Measurement system analysis测量系统分析7.6.2 Calibration/Verification records校准/检定（验证）记录7.6.3 Laboratory requirements实验室要求7.6.3.1 Internal laboratory内部实验室7.6.3.2 External laboratory 外部实验室8 Measurement, analysis and improvement 测量、分析和改进8.1 General总则8.1.1 Identification of statistical tools 统计工具的确定8.1.2 Knowledge of basic statistical concepts 基本统计概念只是8.2 Monitoring and measurement测量和监视8.2.1 Customer satisfaction顾客满意8.2.1.1 Customer satisfaction - Supplemental顾客满意-补充8.2.2 Internal audit 内部审核8.2.2.1 Quality management system audit 质量管理体系审核8.2.2.2 Manufacturing process audit制造过程审核8.2.2.3 Product audit产品审核8.2.2.4 Internal audit plans内部审核计划8.2.2.5 Internal auditor qualification内审核员资格8.2.3 Monitoring and measurement of processes过程的监视和测量8.2.3.1 Monitoring and measurement of manufacturing processes制造过程的监视和测量8.2.4 Monitoring and measurement of product产品的监视和测量8.2.4.1 Layout inspection and functional testing全尺寸检验和功能试验8.2.4.2 Appearance items外观项目8.3 Control of nonconforming product不合格品控制8.3.1 Control of nonconforming product- Supplemental不合格品控制-补充8.3.2 Control of reworked product返工产品的控制8.3.3 Customer information顾客信息8.3.4 Customer waiver顾客特许8.4 Analysis of data数据分析8.4.1 Analysis and use of data数据的分析和使用8.5 Improvement改进8.5.1 Continual improvement持续改进8.5.1.1 Continual improvement of the organization组织的持续改进8.5.1.2 Manufacturing process improvement制造过程改进8.5.2 Corrective action纠正措施8.5.2.1 Problem solving解决问题8.5.2.2 Error-proofing防错8.5.2.3 Corrective action impact纠正措施影响8.5.2.4 Rejected product test/analysis拒收产品的试验/分析8.5.3 Preventive action预防措施Annex A (normative) Control Plan附录A (规范性附录) 控制计划A.1 Phases of the control plan/控制计划的阶段A.2 Elements of the control plan/控制计划的要素BibliographyNOTE In this table of contents, ISO9001:2008 headings are normal type face, IATF headings are in italicsForeword前言ISO(the International Organization for Standardization)is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.国际标准化组织（ISO）是由各国标准化机构（ISO成员机构）组成的世界性的联合会。

封测工艺流程英语The process of prototype testing involves several key steps to ensure the quality and functionality of a product. Here is a detailed overview of the prototype testing process:1. Designing the Prototype:The first step in the prototype testing process is designing the prototype itself. This involves creating a detailed plan and schematic for the prototype, including the materials and components that will be used.2. Building the Prototype:Once the design is finalized, the next step is to build the prototype. This typically involves using 3D printing, machining, or other manufacturing processes to create the physical prototype.3. Testing for Functionality:After the prototype is built, it is important to test it for functionality. This may involve testing its basicfunctions, such as turning on and off, as well as more complex functions specific to the product.4. Performance Testing:In addition to functionality, it is important to test the performance of the prototype. This may involve testing its durability, speed, accuracy, and other performance metrics.5. User Testing:User testing is a crucial step in the prototype testing process. This involves gathering feedback from potential users to understand how they interact with the prototype and any issues they encounter.6. Iterative Improvements:Based on the feedback from functionality, performance, and user testing, the prototype may need to be iteratively improved. This could involve making design changes, adjusting components, or retesting specific functions.7. Final Evaluation:Once the prototype has been improved and refined, afinal evaluation is conducted to ensure that it meets all requirements and specifications.8. Documentation:Throughout the prototype testing process, it isimportant to document all steps, changes, and results. This documentation is crucial for future reference and for informing the next steps in the product development process.封测工艺流程的中文翻译：封测工艺流程涉及多个关键步骤，以确保产品的质量和功能。