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Unit 6 How Do We Deal with the Drug Problem?advocatev. to publicly say that something should be done●Extremists were openly advocating violence.n. someone who publicly supports someone or something●She's a passionate advocate of natural childbirth.●an advocate for hospital workersadvocacy: n. strong public support for something●the advocacy of peaceanew: adv. again, often in a new or different way●I was ready to leave everything behind and start anew in California.●He began his work anew.a-in a particular condition or wayaloud (=in a loud voice)alive (=living)anew (in a new way)(old use) in, to, at, or on somethingabed (=in bed)afar (=far away)not or withoutamoral (=not moral)atypically (=not typically)anti-opposed to ≠ pro-antinuclear (=opposing the use of nuclear weapons and power)anti-Americanthe opposite of somethinganticlimax (=an unexciting ending instead of the expected exciting ending)antimatter (=material completely opposite in kind to the ordinary material in the universe) acting to prevent somethingantifreeze (=a liquid added to a car's engine to prevent freezing)antiseptic (=a liquid that kills harmful bacteria)bail out●The government had to bail the company out of financial difficulty.●Clarke's family paid £500 to bail him out.●He had to stop rowing to bail water out of the boat.●The International Monetary Fund gives Brazil $30 billion bailout. (A rescue from financialdifficulties紧急援助)-ery (-ry)the group or class of: machinery (=different types of machines) ◆gadgetry the state or character of: bravery (=the quality of being brave) ◆slavery (=the condition of being a slave)◆rivalrythe art or practice of: cookery ◆archerya place where sth is made, grows, lives, etc: bakery ◆oil refineryconfiscate: to officially take private property away from someone, usually as a punishment●Their land was confiscated after the war.●Miss Williams confiscated all our sweets.confiscation n.criminalize: to make something illegal, or to treat sb as a criminal●The use of opium was not criminalized until fairly recently.●Many gay people felt that they were being criminalized for having relationships.-izeto become, make or make like: privatize ◆fossilize ◆Americanize ◆decriminalize ◆legalize ◆industrializeto place in: hospitalizede-shows an oppositedeindustrialization (=becoming less industrial)shows that something is removedDebone the fish (=remove its bones).The king was dethroned (=removed from power).to defrost the refrigerator (= remove layers of ice from it)shows that something is reducedThe government have devalued the currency.dramatic●Computers have brought dramatic changes to the workplace.●Universities have suffered a dramatic drop in student numbers.● A serious accident can have a dramatic effect on your family's finances.dramatically adv.●Output has increased dramatically.enforce: to make people obey a rule or law●Governments make laws and the police enforce them.●Troops were sent into the area to enforce the treaty.enforcement n.entrapment n.exhort: (formal) to try very hard to persuade someone to do something (= urge)exhort sb to do sth●Police exhorted the crowd to remain calm.exhortation n .illusion n . a false or wrong belief or idea●Many people still have the illusion that full employment is possible.●This description creates the illusion that we can solve all our environmental problems.●We are under no illusion that this money will be enough.●I had no illusions about the task that lay ahead.illusory adj. false but seeming to be real or trueillusion or illusory?●First impressions can often prove .●She's under the that she'll get the job.impose: to place (a penalty tax, etc.) officially on sb or sth.●The government imposed a ban the sale of ivory.●The parents imposed their own moral values their children.impoverish(1)to make someone very poor●Falling coffee prices have impoverished many Third World economies.(2)to make something worse in quality●Fast-growing trees remove nutrients and impoverish the soil.impoverished adj impoverishment n.●The goal is to lure businesses into areas.●We need to reduce the burden of taxes that the economy.●an peasant●National isolation can only cause economic and cultural .●Intensive cultivation has the soil.intoxicant: a substance such as alcohol that produces false feelings of pleasure and a lack of controlintoxicate: v. To stupefy (使麻木，使思维不清['stju:pɪfaɪ]) or excite, as by the action of a chemical substance such as alcohol-ant (in nouns) a person or thing that: inhabitant ◆toxicantminimize●Every effort is being made to minimize civilian casualties. He minimized the value of hercontribution to his research so that he got all the praise.mount●Friends of the Earth are mounting a campaign to monitor the illegal logging of trees.●Casualties on both sides of the battle have continued to mount.●He mounted his horse and rode on.●He mounted the platform and addressed the crowd.facet: n. a particular part or aspect of sthHe has travelled extensively in China, recording every facet of life.multi-faceted/many-facetedconsisting of many different parts/aspectsrepress: v. to control a group of people by forcesuppress: to stop people from opposing the government, especially by using forceoppress: to treat people who are less powerful in an unfair and cruel way●The uprising was ruthlessly .●The regime is accused of religious minorities.●The government was quick to any opposition.●I a smile. (repressed/suppressed克制)●The gloomy atmosphere in the office her.●The police were accused of evidence.repressive/non-repressiveout-: being or becoming greater, better, further, longer, etc than someone or something else●He's outgrown his clothes (=become too big for them) .●She outlived her brother (=he died before her) .◆outnumber ◆outwit ◆outweighpremium●insurance premiums●Consumers are prepared to pay a premium for organically grown vegetables.●During the Olympic Games, accommodation will be at a premium.●Modern economies place a premium on educated workers.relent: v. to change your attitude and become less strict or cruel towards someone●My parents finally relented and let us go to the party.relentless: adj. strict, cruel, or determined, without ever stopping●her relentless determination to succeed● a regime that was relentless in its persecution of dissidents (持不同意见的人)segregate: to separate one group of people from others, especially because they are of a different race, sex, or religion ≠ integratesegregate sb from sb●Blacks were segregated from whites in schools.●racial segregationsmuggle: to take something or someone illegally from one country to anothersmuggle sth across sth●The guns were smuggled across the border.smuggle sth into/out of/from sth●Illegal immigrants are smuggled into the country by boat. smuggler: a drug smugglerstamp●I tried stamping my feet to keep warm.●My mother stamped off down the stairs.●The woman at the desk stamped my passport.stamp out [stamp sth⇔out]: to prevent something bad from continuing ●We aim to stamp out poverty in our lifetimes.●To stamp out racism/drug abuse…undercu t: to sell goods or services at a lower price than your competitors ●Online bookstores can undercut retailers by up to 30%.●We were able to undercut our European rivals by 5%.vest: v. to give someone the official right to do or own something●Overall authority is vested in the Supreme Council.●The Supreme Council is vested with overall authority.●vested interest。
