下载文档原格式
动态蓄冰盘管日照百货大楼莒县新玛特商城中央空调方案技术经济分析冰储冷空调与常规电制冷空调比较：1.综合初投资节约27.5万元；2.运行费用节约58.4万元/夏季；3.空调机房配电容量减少500KW；4.空调机房面积增加60㎡。
节约=创造财富蓄冰空调，是利用电网的电价差，在夜间(23：00－7：00)电价低时开主机制备冷量，并以冰的形式储存起来，在白天电价高时将冰融化释放冷量，以供空调之需，从而大幅度降低空调运行费用的一种先进空调技术。
蓄冰空调具有如下优点：1.利用峰谷电价差，降低空调运行费用40%～50%；2.平衡电网峰谷差，减缓电厂和输变电设施的建设；3.降低制冷主机、冷却塔及冷却水泵容量，减少空调机房总配电容量，减少变配电设施的投资；4.制冷主机满负荷平稳运行，效率高；5.可实现大温差，低温送风，降低空调末端设备投资，提高空调品质；6.具有应急功能，提高空调系统可靠性。
日照市峰谷电价明细表1.409-0.3315=1.0775元/ KWh电业局电价免费咨询电话：95598真诚为您服务――共创节约型社会！第一章工程概况日照百货大楼莒县新玛特商城，空调面积36000㎡。
夏季空调尖峰冷负荷为432万大卡（5040KW），冬季采暖热负荷为2160KW。
典型设计日逐时冷负荷图如下时间第二章冰蓄冷方案一．冰盘管简介冰盘管(Ice-on-coil) ——有内循环的蓄冰盘管技术（Dynamic Ice）蓄冰盘管主要特点：1、盘管采用纯质高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）材料，标准冰槽槽体，内部流量分配接头全部采用弹性接头，无焊缝，整体设计使用寿命50年；2、独特的再冷却盘管加不锈钢鳍片，有效提高制冷主机结冰温度，提供1.1-4℃的低温冷水，实现大温差冷冻水供水系统；3、单个槽内的多回路卤水分布管，发生泄漏时可不停机检修；4、专门设计的硬密封接头机构，可耐压超过12公斤，方便现场检修。
二、冰蓄冷空调系统主要设备选型1、双工况主机选型2、蓄冰装置选型及性能蓄冰盘管：选用3台型号Dyn-1400动态蓄冰盘管。
盘管式冰蓄冷系统施工技术【摘要】随着科学技术的发展，人们的生活生产水平不断提高，人们对建筑业的性能也提出了更高的要求。
在现代的建筑中，通常会应用到中央空调。
而随着中央空调的不断改进创新，冰蓄冷中央空调应运而生。
冰蓄冷中央空调不仅提高了空调的工作效率，并且还极大的降低了空调的运行成本。
冰蓄冷中央空调是通过对昼夜供电峰谷差的利用，制冷机组在也间进行制冰工作，而到了白天就进行融冰，从而实现了供冷的目的，这种方式极大的提高了空调的制冷效率，并且也节约了大量的电能。
因此，冰蓄冷中央空调在现代的建筑中倍受青睐。
本通过对冰蓄冷空调和现代建筑工程的研究，并对冰蓄冷空调的盘管式冰蓄冷系统施工技术进行了探讨，希望能够起到抛砖引玉的效果。
引言随着全球性的能源危机，人们对能源的节约意识逐渐提高，而在现代建筑中央空调的选用过程中，在考虑到空调的实用性和经济性的同时，还应该注重空调的节能效果。
在这一时代背景的要求下，冰蓄冷中央开空调应运而生，冰蓄冷中央空调的主要工作原理就是：通过利用昼夜供电的峰差，空调系统中的制冰机在晚上进行制冰，到了白天就可以进行融冰，从而达到供冷的目的，采用这种供冷方式，不仅有效提高了空调的制冷效率，而且也使空调节能得到了完美的体现。
在现代的建筑中应用冰蓄冷中央空调时，必须要应用合理的施工技术，才能保证冰蓄冷中央空调系统能够正常运行。
就目前冰蓄冷中央空调系统施工的实际情况而言，通常采用盘管式冰蓄冷系统施工技术进行施工。
本文从某实例工程的冰蓄冷中央空调施工出发，对盘管式冰蓄冷系统施工技术进行了深入研究，并对施工技术主要内容进行了详细的阐述，以供同行参考。
1、盘管式冰蓄冷系统施工技术的应用某工程基地呈矩形，且该工程基底的占地面积为27万m2，而建筑的总面积大概为31.7万m2，该建筑工程的外形酷似倒“Z”字形，并将该建筑工程分为了A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、J共九个区域，该建筑工程主楼的高速为34.15m，并且有两层地下室，地上部分有6层，而该建筑主要是用来科研开发办公，根据估算，在建筑工程竣工过后至少有八千人在该建筑中办公。
冰蓄冷设备蛇形钢盘管与U形塑料盘管结构图对比
1、上方左侧为U形塑料盘管设备保温防水层做法及承载结构示意图；上方右侧为蛇形钢盘管等设备保温防水层做法及承载结构示意图
2、上方左侧为U型塑料盘管示意图上方右侧为蛇形钢盘管等设备示意图
3、上方左侧为U形塑料盘管设备模块化示意图；上方右侧为蛇形钢盘管设备整体内胆示意图
4、U形蓄冰设备外结构全部由热浸镀锌螺栓连接，没有焊接，两层HDPE高密度防水层，从材料根本上保证设备外壳的使用寿命。
换热盘管的专利材质、可灵活组装的模块化结构从技术上保证设备内胆的使用寿命。
5、上方左侧图中左边蛇形钢盘管和右边U形塑料盘管的结冰厚度示意，冰层越厚代表主机的出水温度需要越低，主机能耗越大。
上方右侧显示左边蛇形钢盘管和右边塑料盘管的换热面积差别，图中可见右边是左边的3.5倍换热面积，管壁厚度是左边的一半。
6、冰层厚度与管材的关系；冰层厚度、结冰率与时间曲线。
蓄冰系统----间接接触式
完全冻结式冰盘管
(FAFCO)
蓄冰系统----间接接触式----冰盘管
蓄冰系统----间接接触式----塑料冰盘管
蓄冰系统----间接接触式特点----冰盘管
闭式循环回路
U型盘管可做非标设计，适应不同的安装空间
可制成整装式蓄冰制冷机组---安装方便，适合用于小型项目-----Ice Cell
大型系统可安装气动搅拌系统，融冰利用率可达100%。
主机下游系统，出口温度可根据设计要求设定。
盘管进口温度高，可利用一部分显热能。
注: Fafco and Ice Cel -较少的工程应用经验，性能未被EPRI验证。
盘管式冰蓄冷系统施工技术研究摘要：随着国际社会能源日益变得稀少，各国对能源越来越重视，为了解决眼前的能源危机，各国开始大力支持研发节能环保的技术以缓解现有能源危机问题。
在此基础上，可以节约电力的技术：盘管式冰蓄冷技术，受到了各国的极力追捧，作者也结合国内将盘管式冰蓄冷技术应用于空调系统中的实例进行盘管式冰蓄冷技术系统施工技术的研究。
关键词：盘管式，冰蓄冷系统，施工技术如果将具有良好节电功效的盘管式冰蓄冷技术融入到了社会人们日常生活中，那一定是要解决人们日常生活中耗电量较大电器的使用，就目前国内应用情况来看，大都被广泛应用在了空调电气系统当中，通常都是通过空调在夜晚处于电力系统供电波普图的峰谷位置处的相应电位差来经过内部安置的制冷机进行造冰作业，以便供白天进行融冰活动提供冷空气，虽然此技术降低了用户电力花销，具有科学节能与良好的经济特点，但是还是存在技术施工方面缺少国家标准的操作规范描述的问题。
一、国内电力系统主要问题以及冰蓄冷技术内容概述1.1我国电力系统供电主要问题夏季是用电问题最多的时期，这一时期人们不仅要像其他三个季节一样进行正常饮食作业，还要借助电器进行解暑活动，这样就为供电系统的电网带来了会造成电力供电系统峰期的供电紧张现象以及与此相伴随而来的谷期电力过剩问题。
1.2冰蓄冷技术主要种类：目前来看国内的冰蓄冷技术有很多种，但是如果将常用的几种进行归纳主要有八种类型，即:（1）完全冰结式;（2）优待盐式;（3）冰球蕊心冰球式;（4）制冰滑落式;（5）热管式;（6）冰晶、冰片式;（7）冰盘管式;（8）供冷蓄冷双效机；然而，由于空调系统的主要蓄冷方式只有三种，即：水蓄冷，冰蓄冷和优态盐蓄冷；而考虑到空调的体积以及蓄冷效果，只有使用冰盘管式冰蓄冷技术系统的空调因为兼具优质的换热效果，具有相对最稳定的适冷温度，所需要单位蓄冷量的花销成本低，制作蓄冰曹的标准要求较低等显著特点，使其在八种不同的空调技术中具有相比较而言最好的经济效益；1.3盘管式冰蓄冷技术工作原理：参照下图图一的四幅小图所示，（图一：盘管式冰蓄冷系统适用空调结构原理图；图中：1.储冰槽2.泵3.三通阀4.空调负荷5.蒸发器6.乙二醇机组7.膨胀水箱8.热交换器9.压缩冷凝器）其实就是将盘管式冰蓄冷技术系统应用到空调主要原理就是通过处于晚上供电系统低谷电价较便宜阶段的较低空调负荷时候启动空调内置的个别制冷机进行造冰从而转化为显热和潜热的能量形式在空调的冰蓄冷槽装置中进行储存一边在白天供电系统高峰电价也贵的空调超高负荷时进行融冰供冷，其实也就是通过事先充分分析电力系统处于谷期电力结构特点，转移电力系统处于波频峰期位置的电力用户至系统的谷期，借以平衡供电电网，有针对性的增削不用频段的电力供应，从而达到削减电力供应建设成本，保护人们生活的大气环境。
文章编号: 1005—0329(2004)04—0066—03塑料盘管应用在蓄冰槽上的传热分析陈小平,陈子煜,范 林,陆 震(上海交通大学,上海 200030)摘 要: 介绍了应用在冰蓄冷空调系统上使用的导热塑料盘管,列出了它的特点,并作了传热性能的比较分析,证明了在蓄冰槽中使用导热塑料盘管代替金属盘管是可行的,它对于推广应用冰蓄冷空调系统有重要的经济意义。
关键词: 塑料盘管;蓄冰槽;传热性能中图分类号: T B65711 文献标识码: AAnalysis on H eat T ransfer Character of Plastic Coils for I ce Storage T ankCHE N X iao2ping,CHE N Z i2yu,FAN Lin,LU Zhen(Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai200030,China)Abstract: The plastic coils for ice storage air condition system is simply introduced.Its characteristics are listed.An analysis on its heat trans fer character and comparing with the metal coils show its significance on economy for spread the application of ice storage air condition system.K ey w ords: plastic coils;ice storage tank;heat trans fer character1 前言蓄冰槽是冰槽冷空调系统的关键部件,应用初期(20世纪90年代)在我国市场上基本被进口设备所垄断。
高价位的进口设备不仅影响冰蓄冷空调系统的进一步发展,而且也不利于我国工业本身的发展[1]。
冰蓄冷设备一、分类美国制冷工业协会（ARI）1994年出版的《蓄冷设备热性能指南》将蓄冷设备广义地分为显热式蓄冷和潜热式蓄冷，见表2-1。
表2-1*注：载冷剂一般为乙烯乙二醇水溶液。
最常用的蓄冷介质是水、冰和其他相变材料，不同蓄冷介质具有不同的单位体积蓄冷能力和不同的蓄冷温度。
二、冰盘管式（ICE-ON-COIL）冷媒盘管式（REFRIGERANT ICE-ON COIL）外融冰系统（EXTERNAL MELT ICE-ON COIL STORAGE SYSTEMS）该系统也称直接蒸发式蓄冷系统，其制冷系统的蒸发器直接放入蓄冷槽内，冰结在蒸发器盘管上。
此种形式的冰蓄冷盘管以美国BAC公司为代表。
盘管为钢制，连续卷焊而成，外表面为热镀锌。
管外径为1.05"（26.67mm），冰层最大厚度为1.4"（35.56mm），因此盘和换热表面积为5.2ft2/RTH(0.137m2/KWH），冰表面积为19.0ft2/RTH(0.502m2/KWH），制冰率IPF约为40-60%。
融冰过程中，冰由外向内融化，温度较高的冷冻水回水与冰直接接触，可以在较短的时间内制出大量的低温冷冻水，出水温度与要求的融冰时间长短有关（参见图2-1、2-2、2-3）。
这种系统特别适合于短时间内要求冷量大、温度低的场所，如一些工业加工过程及低温送风空调系统使用。
（1）10小时放热特性（图2-1）该蓄冷方式是由食品冷冻行业中应用多年的乳品冷却设备改制发展而成。
由此在乳品行业中经常采用。
最近天津雀巢咖啡生产厂，工艺要求所供应的冷冻水温在全过程中要求保证稳定在+1°C，采用BAC外融冰装置，冰盘管表面冰层厚度大约为2-3MM，冷冻机24小时连续运行。
在使用冷媒盘管式蓄冷槽时，有几点需注意：（1）当结冰厚度在1"-3.5"之间，若冷冻系统设计不当，制冰时冷冻蒸发温度较低，压缩机所需功率大，耗电率大，并且制冷时间长，用电量多；（2）若贮存的冰设有完全用掉而制冷时间已到，需要开始制冰，则必需隔着一层冰来制冰，由于冰是一种优良热阻，这将使制冷设备耗电率与用电量增加；（3）蓄冰槽内应保持约50%以上的水不冻成冰，否则无法正常抽取冷水使用进行融冰，故最好使用厚度控制器或增加盘管中心距，以避免冰桥产出；（4）在开放式系统中，蓄冰槽的进出口处（即水系统进出口管路上）应加装止回阀和稳压阀等近期制设备，以免仃泵时系统中的水回流，使蓄冰槽中水外溢。
冰蓄冷蓄冰盘管样本4.1 产品样本说明书responsible for measurement management work and accurate implementation; is responsible for site test room of technology management; do monthly completed engineering volume statistics, and owners, and supervision for engineering progress paragraph settlementand completed accounts. 5, quality Department: responsible for overall project quality, security management. Quality assurance, quality control, quality assurance, quality inspection, evaluation, quality information safety guarantee system safety assessment, safety inspections, safety procedures, safety facilities, labour protection, safety measures, fire guard, civil construction, environmental protection, responsible forsite laboratory quality management. 6, the Department of management is responsible for the engineering contract management, production and management jobs. Project management and settlement, project reporting, price breakdown and the new price system, monthly volume complete statistics, progress payment settlement with the owner, supervisor and project completion final accounts. Scheduling jobs is responsible for the whole project. Plan, schedule, inspecting and supervising the manufacturing progress goals face, excludingresponsible for measurement management work and accurate implementation; is responsible for site test room of technology management; do monthly completed engineering volume statistics, and owners, and supervision for engineering progress paragraph settlement and completed accounts. 5, quality Department: responsible for overallproject quality, security management. Quality assurance, quality control, quality assurance, quality inspection, evaluation, quality information safety guarantee system safety assessment, safety inspections, safety procedures, safety facilities, labour protection, safety measures, fire guard, civil construction, environmental protection, responsible forsite laboratory quality management. 6, the Department of management is responsible for the engineering contract management, production and management jobs. Project management and settlement, project reporting, price breakdown and the new price system, monthly volume complete statistics, progress payment settlement with the owner, supervisor and project completion final accounts. Scheduling jobs is responsible forthe whole project. Plan, schedule, inspecting and supervising the manufacturing progress goals face, excludingresponsible for measurement management work and accurate implementation; is responsible for site test room of technology management; do monthly completed engineering volume statistics, and owners, and supervision for engineering progress paragraph settlementand completed accounts. 5, quality Department: responsible for overall project quality, security management. Quality assurance, quality control, quality assurance, quality inspection, evaluation, quality information safety guarantee system safety assessment, safety inspections, safety procedures, safety facilities, labour protection, safety measures, fire guard, civil construction, environmental protection, responsible forsite laboratory quality management. 6, the Department of management is responsible for the engineering contract management, production and management jobs. Project management and settlement, project reporting, price breakdown and the new price system, monthly volume complete statistics, progress payment settlement with the owner, supervisor and project completion final accounts. Scheduling jobs is responsible forthe whole project. Plan, schedule, inspecting and supervising the manufacturing progress goals face, excludingresponsible for measurement management work and accurate implementation; is responsible for site test room of technology management; do monthly completed engineering volume statistics, and owners, and supervision for engineering progress paragraph settlementand completed accounts. 5, quality Department: responsible for overall project quality, security management. Quality assurance, quality control, quality assurance, quality inspection, evaluation, quality information safety guarantee system safety assessment, safety inspections, safety procedures, safety facilities, labour protection, safety measures, fire guard, civil construction, environmental protection, responsible forsite laboratory quality management. 6, the Department of management is responsible for the engineering contract management, production and management jobs. Project management and settlement, project reporting,price breakdown and the new price system, monthly volume complete statistics, progress payment settlement with the owner, supervisor and project completion final accounts. Scheduling jobs is responsible forthe whole project. Plan, schedule, inspecting and supervising the manufacturing progress goals face, excludingresponsible for measurement management work and accurate implementation; is responsible for site test room of technology management; do monthly completed engineering volume statistics, and owners, and supervision for engineering progress paragraph settlementand completed accounts. 5, quality Department: responsible for overall project quality, security management. Quality assurance, quality control, quality assurance, quality inspection, evaluation, quality information safety guarantee system safety assessment, safety inspections, safetyprocedures, safety facilities, labour protection, safety measures, fire guard, civil construction, environmental protection, responsible for site laboratory quality management. 6, the Department of management is responsible for the engineering contract management, production and management jobs. Project management and settlement, project reporting, price breakdown and the new price system, monthly volume complete statistics, progress payment settlement with the owner, supervisor and project completion final accounts. Scheduling jobs is responsible for the whole project. Plan, schedule, inspecting and supervising the manufacturing progress goals face, excludingresponsible for measurement management work and accurate implementation; is responsible for site test room of technology management; do monthly completed engineering volume statistics, andowners, and supervision for engineering progress paragraph settlementand completed accounts. 5, quality Department: responsible for overall project quality, security management. Quality assurance, quality control, quality assurance, quality inspection, evaluation, quality information safety guarantee system safety assessment, safety inspections, safety procedures, safety facilities, labour protection, safety measures, fire guard, civil construction, environmental protection, responsible forsite laboratory quality management. 6, the Department of management is responsible for the engineering contract management, production and management jobs. Project management and settlement, project reporting, price breakdown and the new price system, monthly volume complete statistics, progress payment settlement with the owner, supervisor and project completion final accounts. Scheduling jobs is responsible forthe whole project. Plan, schedule, inspecting and supervising the manufacturing progress goals face, excludingresponsible for measurement management work and accurate implementation; is responsible for site test room of technology management; do monthly completed engineering volume statistics, and owners, and supervision for engineering progress paragraph settlementand completed accounts. 5, quality Department: responsible for overall project quality, security management. Quality assurance, quality control, quality assurance, quality inspection, evaluation, quality information safety guarantee system safety assessment, safety inspections, safety procedures, safety facilities, labour protection, safety measures, fire guard, civil construction, environmental protection, responsible forsite laboratory quality management. 6, the Department of management is responsible for the engineering contract management, production and management jobs. Project management and settlement, project reporting,price breakdown and the new price system, monthly volume complete statistics, progress payment settlement with the owner, supervisor and project completion final accounts. Scheduling jobs is responsible forthe whole project. Plan, schedule, inspecting and supervising the manufacturing progress goals face, excludingresponsible for measurement management work and accurate implementation; is responsible for site test room of technology management; do monthly completed engineering volume statistics, and owners, and supervision for engineering progress paragraph settlementand completed accounts. 5, quality Department: responsible for overall project quality, security management. Quality assurance, quality control, quality assurance, quality inspection, evaluation, quality informationsafety guarantee system safety assessment, safety inspections, safety procedures, safety facilities, labour protection, safety measures, fire guard, civil construction, environmental protection, responsible for site laboratory quality management. 6, the Department of management is responsible for the engineering contract management, production and management jobs. Project management and settlement, project reporting, price breakdown and the new price system, monthly volume complete statistics, progress payment settlement with the owner, supervisor and project completion final accounts. Scheduling jobs is responsible for the whole project. Plan, schedule, inspecting and supervising the manufacturing progress goals face, excluding。
