2009年海淀区高三语文查漏补缺资料

海淀区高三年级第一学期期末练习语文参考答案及评分标准2009.1一、本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分。

1．A(B逮dài 塞sè C溯sù D载zǎi)2．D(A赝品 B戴罪立功 C陷阱)3．B4.C(A“无可厚非”是说虽有小错误值得批评但不要过分指责，“打击盗版”则没有什么过错，应用“无可非议”；B感情色彩错误，应用“死灰复燃”；D“首鼠两端，，是指态度摇摆不定或犹豫不决，不合语境。

)5.D(A表意不明。

B成分残缺。

“进入”缺少与之搭配的成分“阶段”、“时期”等。

C“深刻”与“进步”不搭配。

)二、本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分。

6．C(备，意为“完备、齐备”。

)7．D(两个“且”字都是副词，表示动作行为将要出现，相当于“将”“将要”。

其他三项，A项两个“以”字都是介词，前者表示凭借，后者表示原因。

B项两个“者”字都是助词，前一个放在时间词后，起补足音节的作用，后一个放在动词后面，相当于“……的人”。

C项两个“而”字都是连词，前一个表示承接关系，相当于“于是、就”，后者表示并列关系。

)8．B(亡者应指郭君，而非“国”。

)9．B10．A(楚庄王之忧是亡国之忧。

)三、本大题共3小题，共22分。

11．(5分)①君子把自己的品德不好看做耻辱，而不把被人污辱看作耻辱。

(2分)②不被荣誉所诱惑，也不被诽谤所吓退。

(3分)12．(10分)①(4分)AC②(2分)虚实结合(对比)(1分) 用典(1分)③(4分)“千树压、西湖寒碧”是词人回忆当年西湖繁梅盛开的情景。

一个“压”字，写出了梅之繁盛，令人赏之不尽(1分)。

“寒碧”则写出了湖水的清冷似冰，澄澈如玉(1分)。

千树红梅与寒冷碧波相互映照，冷峻中透着热烈(1分)。

显示出旧时情景之美好，更衬出今日思念之情深(1分)。

意思对即可。

13．(前3题必答，其余任选4题)(7分)每小题1分，错1字即不得分。

①奉之弥繁，侵之愈急②以其求思之深而无不在也③渺沧海之一粟④封狼居胥，赢得仓皇北顾⑤出师一表真名世⑥梧桐更兼细雨⑦一蓑烟雨任平生⑧多情自古伤离别四、本大题共3小题，共10分。

20XX年高中测试高中试题试卷科目：年级：考点：监考老师：日期：北京市海淀区20XX届高三查漏补缺试题语文20XX.5一诗歌鉴赏练习1．阅读下面这首唐诗，完成（1）（2）题。

秋日赴阙题潼关①驿楼许浑红叶晚萧萧，长亭酒一瓢。

残云归太华②，疏雨过中条③。

树色随关迥，河声入海遥。

帝乡明日到，犹自梦渔樵。

【注】①潼关，在今陕西省潼关县境内，位于陕西、山西、河南三省要冲。

②太华：华山。

在今陕西省华阴县。

③中条：山名，在今山西永济县东南。

（1）“帝乡明日到，犹自梦渔樵”一句表达了诗人怎样的情感？（3分）（2）这首诗勾勒了一幅秋日行旅图，请结合具体诗句分析景物描写的特点。

（4分）2．阅读下面这首词，完成（1）（2）题。

少年游早行林仰霁霞散晓月犹明，疏木挂残星。

山径人稀，翠萝深处，啼鸟两三声。

霜华重迫驼裘冷，心共马蹄轻。

十里青山，一溪流水，都做许多情。

（1）下列对这首诗的理解和赏析，不正确的一项是（）（3分）A．词的开篇两句写景，与柳永名句“杨柳岸晓风残月”的意境、情感相似，异曲同工。

B．“啼鸟两三声”句，营造了山径中幽静清雅的气氛，是以动衬静，以有声衬幽静。

C．下片前两句，借“霜华重迫驼裘冷”与“心共马蹄轻”形成对比，表现了作者的心情。

D．下片后三句运用拟人的手法，令路上的青山流水也有了感情，融情于景，读来赏心悦目。

（2）词的题目为“早行”，词人在上阕是如何表现“早”的？请结合诗句作具体说明。

（４分）3．阅读下面这首宋词，完成下列各题。

鹧鸪天辛弃疾有客慨然谈功名，因追念少年时事，戏作。

壮岁旌旗拥万夫，锦襜突骑渡江初。

燕兵夜娖银胡䩮，汉箭朝飞金仆姑。

追往事，叹今吾，春风不染白髭须。

却将万字平戎策，换得东家种树书。

注①襜[chān]：短衣。

③夜娖[chuò]：夜里握着。

④胡䩮（lù）：装箭的箭筒。

⑤金仆姑：箭名。

（1）请分析词的上阕所刻画的人物形象。

（３分）（2）这首词整体上运用了什么手法,表现了怎样的感情？请做简要分析。

北京市海淀区2009届高三查漏补缺试题（英语）2009海淀区高三英语查漏补缺题命题意图：四次统练中单项填空部分注重基础语法知识，覆盖较为全面。

查漏补缺中三组题是对四次统练的补充。

近年高考北京卷完形填空选材都是贴近学生有教育意义、夹叙夹议的小故事，因此我们的四次统练全部选择这样的题材体裁。

在这套题中我们精选了五篇不同体裁不同叙述风格的文章，使我们的练习更为全面。

阅读理解选择各种类型的阅读材料六篇。

书面表达总结了各种题材体裁的写作题目，供老师们挑选参考。

为了方便老师和同学使用，书面表达的参考作文直接附在写作题目要求后。

说明：查漏补缺题是在海淀英语四次统练的基础上的补充，绝非猜题押宝。

每道题的选择都有其选题意图。

单项填空侧重知识，完形填空注重词汇和综合语言运用，阅读理解侧重阅读能力，书面表达是对各种题型的总结。

最后阶段的复习，应该在梳理知识和解题方法的基础上查漏补缺。

单项填空：（A）1. ― Excuse me, where can I get _____ application form?― Go to _____ Window 10,please.A. an; 不填B. an; theC. 不填; 不填D. the; the2. What the scientist said sounded strange, ______, they made sense.A. thereforeB. howeverC. sinceD. otherwise3. To all the famous artists’ surprise, the unknown woman’s two paintings are also on show in the art exhibition.A. little blue oilB. blue little oilC. oil blue littleD. little oil blue4. —Let’s discuss the question raised last night, shall we?— There is no hurry for that. I for a conference.A. headedB. was headingC. am headingD. have headed5. John didn’t choose of the ties and went away without looking at a third one.A. manyB. eitherC. allD. any6. We hope the measures to control prices, are taken by the government, willsucceed.A. asB. whenC. sinceD. after7. His family members gave some examples of _________ his drinking and smoking had affected the family.A. thatB. whatC. howD. whether8. It is known to us all E-mail is______ efficient than sending a fax.A. muchB. manyC. more muchD. much more9. It rained for two weeks, completely _______ our holiday.A. ruinedB. ruinC. to ruinD. ruining10. Tom, turn down the music. Why you make such a big noise while your baby sister is sleeping?A. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. may11. _____ the Hope Project was carried out in this poor area, students here had no access to education.A. OnceB. AsC. BeforeD. After12. —I don’t think we have met before.— Yes, once at a party, but we _______.A. didn’t introduceB. weren’t introducedC. haven’t introducedD. weren’t introducing13. We rushed to the football court, only to see a sign _____ into the ground reading PERIODIC MAINTENANCE （定期维修）.A. knockedB. knockingC. to be knockedD. being knocked14. —Did you see who the driver was?—No, so quickly_________ that I couldn’t get a good look at his face.A. does the car speed byB. the car sped byC. did the car speed byD. the car speeds by15. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ______ yesterday.A. was happeningB. happensC. has happenedD. happened（B）1.A. withB. ofC. onD. by2. — Which of the two computer games did you prefer?—Actually I didn’t like of them.A. bothB. eitherC. noneD. neither3. He wanted to read more, so he asked his friend if there was _____ to read.A. something easy enoughB. something enough easyC. enough easy somethingD. easy enough something4. Old as the car is, _____ it works quite well.A. butB. yetC. soD. however5. —They are quiet, aren’t they?—Yes. They are used ________ at meals.A. to talkB. to not talkC. to talkingD. to not talking6. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we ______ each other for years.A. knewB. have knownC. had knownD. know7. —How did you do in the test?—Not so well. I _____ much better but I misread the directions for Part D.A. could doB. could have doneC. must have doneD. should do8. We must do something to stop factories _____waste water into the river before it is cleaned..A. pouringB. to pourC. pouredD. being poured9. —May I go and play with Dick this afternoon, Mum?—No, you can’t go out _______ your work is being done.A. beforeB. untilC. asD. the moment10. The telephone _______, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped.A. had rungB. was ringingC. ringsD. has rung11.A. turnB. turningC. turnedD. having turned12. The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time.A. soldB. had been soldC. were soldD. would sell13. No one knows when _______ that boy，but if she does，her parents will be disappointed.A. she will marryB. she marriesC. will she marryD. does she marry14. When he was working there he caught a serious illness from _____ effect he still suffers.A. whichB. thatC. whoseD. what15. A survey of the opinions of experts ______ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week is good for one’s health.A. showB. showsC. showedD. showing（C）1.—Have you got any job offers?—No. I ______.A. waitedB. had been waitingC. have waitedD. am waiting2. If a shop has chairs _______ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.A. whenB. whichC. thatD. where3. _____ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.A. ItB. ThisC. WhatD. As4. In many places in China, _____ bicycle is still _____ popular means of transportation.A. a; theB. /; aC. the; aD. the; the5. Don't have your children _____ for hours reading books in so dark a room.A. sittingB. sitC. to be sittingD. to sit6. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _______ it got worse.A. untilB. whenC. beforeD. as7. The message is very important, so it is supposed ____ as soon as possible.A. to be sentB. to sendC. being sentD. sending8. We hope to go to the beach tomorrow, but we won't go ____ it's raining.A. ifB. whenC. thoughD. because9. The Science Museum, _______ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where10. He _____ football regularly for many years when he was young.A. was playingB. playedC. has playedD. had played11. Every year, when the peach blossoms are at their best, a festival ______ at the Beijing Botanical Garden.A. is heldB. will be heldC. heldD. holds12. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _______ a chair.A. onB. offC. intoD. to13. The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from ____ spoken in England.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. the one14. –Can those ______ at the back of the classroom hear me?—No problem.A. are seatedB. are sittingC. seatedD. sat15. _______, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.A. Strange as might it soundB. As it might sound strangeC. As strange it might soundD. Strange as it might sound完形填空:（A ）There are many different ways of seeing a town for the first time. One of them is to walk around it, guide-book 1 hand. Of course, we may 2 with our guide-books the history and 3 development of a town and get to know them. 4 then, if we take our time and 5 in a town for a while, we may get to know it better. When we 6 it as a whole, we begin to have some 7 ,which even the best guide-books do not answer. Why is the town just 8 this, this shape, this plan, this size? Why do its streets 9 in this particular way, and not in any 10 way?Here even the best guide-book 11 us. One can’t find in it the information about how a town has developed to the 12 appearance. It may not describe the original （最初的）13 of a town. However, one may get some idea of what it 14 look like by walking around the town. One can also imagine 15 the town was first planned and built. Then one can learn more about in what direction the town 16 to develop.What is the 17 of studying towns in the way? For me, it is 18 that one gets a greater depth of pleasure by visiting and seeing a town with one’s own eyes. A 19 visit to a town may help one better understand why it is attractive 20 just reading about it in a guide-book.1. A. in B. at C. by D. on2. A. write B. study C. tell D. remember3. A. strange B. similar C. separate D. special4. A. But B. Before C. Since D. Until5. A. match B. work C. stay D. wait6. A. look at B. look after C. look for D. look up7. A. ideas B. opinions C. feelings D. questions8. A. of B. for C. like D. as9. A. open B. run C. begin D. move10. A. one B. more C. other D. such11. A. helps B. tricks C. fails D. satisfies12. A. old B. normal C. first D. present13. A. capital B. meaning C. design D. change14. A. used to B. seemed to C. had to D. happened to15. A. what B. how C. when D. where16. A. stops B. appears C. starts D. continues17. A. point B. view C. problem D. difficulty18. A. nearly B. simply C. generally D. hardly19. A. costly B. formal C. group D. personal20. A. from B. than C. through D. with（B）My ears are recently full of joyous remar ks from my friends such as, “Oh, Beckham is so handsome, so cool, that I can’t help falling in love with him!” Or “What perfect skills he has!” Yeah, I agree 1some degree, though I sometimes do want to ask them how much they 2 Beckham, apart from his appearance and how much they know about football 3 scoring goals. It seems funny that we are crazy for things, with which we are unfamiliar or 4 which we are uncertain, but we all, my friends 5 I, consider this one of life’s 6 .We need these pleasures to brighten up our lives. But that doesn’t amount to craziness 7 nonsense（胡闹）. As an old saying 8 : “Don’t judge a book by its cover.” We should not 9 anything from its appearance. We should all know, it is one’s good character and great contribution that 10 one a star and unforgettable. Therefore we’d better say 11 about Beckham’s good looks.If we close our eyes, 12 in deep thought, we can find that the things that 13 us to be in truth happy, sad or moved 14 a clear meaning. If we don’t go deeper and just satisfied with superficial（表面的）things, 15 we will find that we have not really gained anything 16 our first impression has blinded and misled us, and we’ll remain ignorant 17 we realize that and make some changes.It is believed that thinking and going deeper than before is a sign of great 18 . If one day we are willing to go deeper into everything, no matter how much it 19 us, we will finally prove how much we have grown up, how much more sensible, mature, and intelligent we have 20 .1. A. to B. on C. in D. at2. A. learn from B. learn C. know D. know about3. A. rather than B. except for C. except D. apart from4. A. with B. in C. about D. for5. A. not B. as well as C. rather than D. but6. A. pleasures B. taste C. sorrow D. regrets7. A. nor B. and C. or D. or else8. A. speaks B. talks C. tells D. goes9. A. take B. judge C. accept D. conclude10. A. makes B. causes C. builds D. create11. A. touch B. help C. encourage D. surprise12. A. taking B. leaving C. falling D. getting13. A. move B. change C. doubt D. follow14. A. lack B. have C. include D. cover15. A. in fact B. indeed C. in a while D. sooner or later16. A. so B. even though C. because D. although17. A. even if B. although C. unless D. if18. A. joy B. progress C. effort D. work19. A. cares B. pains C. worries D. minds20. A. come B. made C. had D. become（C）I had my first job at the age of thirteen，when a friend of my mother who owned a bookshop hired me for six hours a week to help her in the shop. I was very 1 to earn my own pocket money and my parents 2 interfered （干涉）with how I spent it，even when I was spending it 3 . They believed that by earning money，spending it，and learning from the 4 ，I would become more mature （成熟的）and 5 about how to handle work，relationships with others，and money.Like many 6 parents，my parents also let me and my brothers do things over which they 7 a great deal. When I was sixteen，for example，after I finished high school and before I entered university，I wanted to spend the summer months traveling around 8 . My mother was against the idea of my traveling alone at such a young age，but my father felt that it would be a great 9 for me. In the end，my father won the 10 on the condition that I limited my traveling to France，my mother’s home，where l had many uncles，aunts and cousins who 11 through the country who could 12 shelter and help if I needed them.Three years later，my younger brother decided to 13 a year off after his first year in university and travel through the United States and the Caribbean. Again my mother was very worried and not 14 to see my brother leave school，but my father encouraged him and my brother had a（n）15 year working his way on trains and ships to 16 passage to different ports and cities，and discovering many fascinating places and people.These kinds of experiences are probably 17 for children in many countries but in theUS they are fairly common. Most parents start 18 their children at a young age to do small things by themselves. By the time they have finished high school，many American kids have already had 19 jobs，traveled around the US or other countries on their own，have selected the university they plan to attend and maybe even decided on their future 20 ，and so on.1. A. anxious B. content C. proud D. honorable2. A. never B. ever C. always D. even3. A. quickly B. foolishly C. seriously D. honestly4. A. work B. mistakes C. others D. books5. A. strict B. reasonable C. polite D. responsible6. A. American B. Japanese C. Chinese D. British7. A. helped B. supported C. shared D. worried8. A. Asia B. Africa C. Europe D. Oceania9. A. journey B. experience C. chance D. possibility10. A. argument B. game C. discussion D. plan11. A. send out B. give out C. carry out D. spread out12. A. promise B. afford C. provide D. serve13. A. leave B. make C. take. D. prepare14. A. angry B. eager C. sorry D. sad15. A. unusual B. hard C. strange D. busy16. A. accept B. earn C. find D. search17. A. welcome B. fit C. necessary D. rare18. A. bringing B. forcing C. pushing D. protecting19. A. part-time B. full-time C. good D. well-paid20. A. life B. career C. hope D. benefit（D）Scientists find that hard-working people live longer than average men and women. Career women are 1 than housewives, Evidence（证据）shows that 2 are in poorer health than the job-holders. A study shows that 3 the unemployment rate increases by 1%, the death rate increases correspondingly（相应地）by 2%. All this 4 one point: Work is helpful to health.Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy, 5 loneliness andsolitude（孤独）. Researches show that people feel unhappy, 6 and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are 7 . Many high achievers who love their careers feel that they are happiest when they are working hard. Work serves as 8 between man and reality. By work, people 9 each other. By collective（集体的）activity, they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work 10 the loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him liable to（易于）11 .12 , work gives one a sense of fulfillment （充实感）and a sense of 13 . Work makes one feel his value and status in society. When 14 finishes his writing or a doctor successfully 15 a patient or a teacher sees his students 16 , they are happy 17 words .From the above we can come to the conclusion 18 the more you work, 19 you will be. Let us work hard, 20 well and live a happy and healthy life.1. A. stronger B. healthier C. weaker D. worse2. A. career women B. the busy C. the jobless D. the hard-working3. A. whenever B. whether C. though D. since4. A. comes down to B. equals to C. adds up to D. amounts to5. A. out of B. off C. in touch with D. away from6. A. interested B. tired C. concerned D. worried7. A. busy B. free C. lazy D. empty8. A. a river B. a gap C. a channel D. a bridge9. A. come across B. come into contact withC. look down uponD. watch over10. A. means B. stands C. equals D. matches11. A. success B. death C. victory D. disease12. A. Besides B. Nevertheless C. However D. Yet13. A. disappointment B. achievement C. regret D. apology14. A. a worker B. a farmer C. a writer D. a manager15. A. manages B. controls C. operates on D. deals with16. A. raise B. grow C. rise D. increase17. A. in B. without C. at D. beyond18. A. that B. which C. what D. when19. A. the lonelier and weaker B. lonelier and weakerC. happier and healthierD. the happier and healthier20. A. study B. exercise C. rest D. think（E）Long, long ago，human beings used to walk barefooted. A king happened to travel 1 into the countryside. He was greatly troubled by the rugged （崎岖的） 2 where gravel （碎石）and broken stones pricked （使刺痛）and numbed （使麻木）his __3 . When he returned to his palace he issued an order that all the roads be 4 with cattle hide （牛皮）. He thought it was 5 not only to himself but also to the people and 6 walking would no longer be a painful thing.But 7 all cattle in the kingdom were killed there 8 not be enough hide to get the work done. Evidently it was a stupid 9 . As it was an imperial order people could do nothing but shake their heads and 10 . At this juncture a clever servant in the palace 11 to make a suggestion. ＂Your Majesty，why don’t take an easier way? You don’t have to mobilize so many people，to have so many oxen killed，nor so much money 12 . What you have to do is simply to cover each of your feet with a piece of hide.＂Surprised and 13 ，the king immediately changed his mind and adopted the 14 .This is 15 to be the origin of using leather to make shoes. Though it sounds 16 and strange，it inspires us to think. It is much easier to change 17 than to change the world. So it will be much better for one to change oneself before one 18 an attempt to change the outer world. Why don’t try to put yourself on the 19 of the person you deal with? You will find it easier to solve a problem 20 you change your way of thinking.1. A. much B. a great deal C. far D. a lot2. A. paths B. roads C. ways D. tracks3. A. body B. arms C. feet D. 1egs4. A. crowded B. filled C. covered D. put5. A. available B. beneficial C. accessible D. comfortable6. A. hoped B. thought C. commanded D. predicted7. A. if B. even if C. as long as D. when8. A. would B. should C. must D. may9. A. idea B. chance C. attempt D. opinion10. A. sighed B. laughed C. cried D. shouted11. A. wanted B. ventured C. planned D. hoped12. A. wasted B. paid C. saved D. cost13. A. happy B. excited C. pleased D. interested14. A. decision B. plan C. suggestion D. idea15. A. said B. thought C. considered D. reported16. A. odd B. funny C. amusing D. surprising17. A. himself B. ourselves C. oneself D. yourself18. A. makes B. tries C. takes D. gives19. A. direction B. situation C. occasion D. position20. A. before B. when C. while D. until阅读理解：（A）Pocket Tape-Recorders“Family and Home Magazine”test what’s on the market now.1）Pearlcorder S702 $64This simple model at the bottom of the Olympus range scored the most points for its excellent quality of recording. Background noise hardly affects the sound and recording from a pocket is perfectly possible, but it doesn’t turn off a utomatically.Tape length: 30 minutes per side. Weight:240g.2）Sony M9 $49.95Small and very good looking, sony’s latest offering scored most for appearance. Sounds clear, but there is slight machine noise. The big control buttons are a great improvement on some of the complicated little controls on other tape-recorders. Doesn’t switch off automatically but a red light shows if the machine is still running.Tape length: 60 minutes per side. Weight: 195g.3）Sony M400 $115Lots of little control buttons that make a noise and are difficult to use . Recording was good but machine noise lost points. Tape counter and automatic switch-off when tape has finished recording or rewinding areuseful Tape length: 60 minutes per side. Weight: 230g.4）Imperial OEM. MC $29.95Cheap and simple compared with the rest, but recording was good as long as there was no background noise. Use only its own make of cassette. No light to show it is on; no fast forward button and the record button makes a loud noise.Tape length: 30 minutes per side. Weight: 285g.5）Philips 585 $80Handsome and simple to use, but recording is very poor at more than the recommended distance of 5 cm-designed for dictation. No recording light. Tape length: 15 minutes per side. Weight: 220g.1. The machine that produces the best recording with the least unwanted noise is the .A. Pearlcorder S702B. Sony M9C. Sony M400D. Imperial OEM MC72. It you want a machine which turns off automatically and weighs very little you should choose the .A. Pearlcorder S702B. Sony M9C. Sony M400D. Philips 5853. What disadvantage does only the Imperial OEM. MC7 have?A. No light shows when it is onB. It requires a special cassette.C. It picks up background noise.D. The record button makes a noise.（B）If I were writing a history of my family, some of the darkest moments recorded would be those surrounding Christmas trees. One would certainly think otherwise; selecting and putting up our trees have always been filled with risk. For example, one afternoon dangerously close to Christmas Eve my mother bought what she thought to be a bargain, a glorious tree that was so full and tall that we could hardly get it into the house. Once we did, my father immediately realized that we would have to hire a carpenter to build a stand for it. Another December, perhaps the very next one, we bought a tree earlier than we ever had before. We were happy with its shape and delighted that its size was manageable. We easily placed it in a stand, decorated it from top tobottom, and then self-satisfiedly sat back by the fire in its soft light. Two or three days passed and the truth could not be hidden; we had bought a tree cut so long ago that its needles were coming off. There was nothing to do but undecorate it, take it down, and begin tree shopping again. Our most recent Christmas tree offered still another difficult task. When we brought it home, once again it seemed larger than it was in the great outdoors. To complicate matters, we had bought a new stand, one whose nuts （螺帽）and bolts （闩子）worked more mysteriously than those of our old stands. I persuaded two young neighbors to stop playing basketball and to help us get the tree into the house and set it correctly in the stand. Unfortunately, no one noticed the mud on our helpers' shoes, so only after removing several reddish brown spots from the carpet were we able to discuss the question of where the lights and ornaments （装饰）were stored. Perhaps those who cut their own trees have tales more painful than these. I don't care to hear them, as my family's experiences are enough to cause me to make the following suggestion:" Let's forget the tree next Christmas. Let's simply hang some flowers on the front door and over the mirror in the hall. "1. The darkest moments in the writer's family were with the fact that _____.A. the family bought big Christmas treesB. they had problems decorating their Christmas treesC. they had problems picking suitable Christmas treesD. they had problems finding carpenters for putting up Christmas trees2. We can learn from the passage that the writer would like to _____.A. forget about Christmas storiesB. get the neighbors to put up their treesC. buy a better tree to celebrate ChristmasD. make other decorations rather than Christmas trees3. When the writer said " my mother bought what she thought to be a bargain", he means ____.A. she bought the tree at a cheap priceB. she didn't really want to buy itC. she had to bargain hard with the salesmanD. she couldn't afford a more expensive one4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. How to Select a Christmas TreeB. No More Christmas Tree for UsC. Dark Moments of LifeD. Christmas Without Trees（C）Mail was usually carried west on ships that sailed around the bottom of South America and then north to California. That could take several months.So, in eighteen fifty-seven, D.C. Lawmakers in Congress in Washington wanted to make it possible to send mail all the way across the United States by land. Congress offered to help any company that would try to deliver mail overland to the West Coast. A man named John Butterfield accepted this offer. He developed plans for a company that would carry the mail—and passengers, too.Congress gave John Butterfield six hundred thousand dollars to start his company. In return, he had to promise that the mail would travel from Saint Louis, Missouri, to San Francisco, California, in twenty-five days or less.It was not possible to travel straight through because of the Rocky Mountains and the deep snow that fell in winter. So the stagecoach would travel south from Saint Louis to El Paso, Texas, then over to southern California, then north to San Francisco. The distance was about four thousand five hundred kilometers.Two hundred of these stations were built, each about thirty-two kilometers apart. The workers were to quickly change the horses or mules whenever a stagecoach reached the station. There could be no delay. Each stagecoach was to travel nearly two hundred kilometers a day.One hundred stagecoasches were built and painted red or dark green. They were the most modern coaches that money could buy. They were designed to hold as many as nine passengers and twelve thousand pieces of mail. The seats inside could be folded down to make beds. Passengers either slept on them or on the bags of mail.The cost would be one hundred fifty dollars to travel from Saint Louis to San Francisco. If a passenger was not going all the way, the cost was about ten cents a kilometer. The passengers had to buy their own food at the stations. The stagecoach would stop for forty minutes, two times a day.The company warned passengers about the possible dangers. A poster said: “You will be traveling through Indian country and the safety of your person cannot by vouchsafed （granted）by anyone but God.”1. What is the passage mainly about?A. Different ways of sending mail in the United States.B. The difficulty in sending mails across the USA by land.C. The first stagecoaches that carried both passengers and mail.D. The history of the first stagecoaches carrying mail to the American West.2. The reason why Lawmakers wanted to send mail by land was that ________.A. mail was usually carried west on shipsB. it was safer to travel to send mail by landC. it would take less time to send mail by landD. stagecoaches could carry passengers and mail3. As is described in the passage, the stagecoach ________.A. could only stop twice a dayB. was modern with seats and bedsC. was a closed wagon pulled by horses or mulesD. had different horses or mules pulled all the way4. What can we learn from the passage?A. John Buttterfield got thousands of dollars for delivering mail in stagecoaches.B. John Buttterfield kept his promise to deliver mail straight to the West Coast.C. Passengers might be robbed when traveling through the West.D. Passengers needed to pay one hundred dollars for their journey.（D）Many of the most damaging types of weather begin quickly, strike suddenly, and disappear rapidly, destroying small areas while leaving neighboring areas untouched. Such event as a tornado（龙卷风）struck the northeastern part of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damagesTraditional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not。

小阅读练习一、阅读下面的文字，完成1—3题。

2008年1月10日以来，我国南方大部分地区和西北地区东部出现建国以来罕见的持续大范围低温、雨雪和冰冻天气。

这次罕见的雨雪、冰冻天气，具有范围广、强度大、持续久、灾害重4个特点。

这次我国部分地区遭受的异常天气灾害，直接原因可以归结为“一冷一热一湿”。

而“拉尼娜”则是与此相关的深层原因。

“拉尼娜”是指发生在赤道太平洋东部和中部海水大范围持续异常变冷的现象（海水表层温度低于气候平均值0.5℃以上，且持续时间超过6个月以上）。

2007年8月赤道中东太平洋进入“拉尼娜”状态并持续至今，形成“拉尼娜事件”。

“拉尼娜”使西太平洋的副热带高气压减弱，位置较常年偏东，这样就有利于冷空气南下影响我国，这是其一。

其二，一般冬季影响我国的寒潮有东、中、西三条路径。

今年1月份的寒潮主要是从西部侵入我国的。

今年冬季，在乌拉尔山地区有一个高压脊，导致这股寒流先入新疆，再沿河西走廊一路往东南方向而来，影响范围极大。

其三，由于位于青藏高原南侧的“南支槽”比较活跃，有利于从孟加拉湾和印度洋而来的暖湿气流到达我国南方地区，为强降雪天气提供了充足的水汽来源。

降水、降雪都是发生在冷暖气流交汇的地方，孟加拉湾和印度洋的暖湿气流带来的丰富水汽与西北路径侵袭我国的冷空气先后在我国中部和南部地区交汇，产生了严重的强降雪和降雨过程。

同时冷空气造成了严重的低温冷害。

气候系统是一个复杂的非线性系统，也就是说，一个参数的改变，将导致结果的巨大变化。

影响中国冬季气候的主要原因是相当复杂的，“拉尼娜”现象仅仅是影响因子之一。

应对极端天气，气象部门责无旁贷，要做好对低温、雨雪、冰冻天气的监测分析、预报预警和灾害影响评估工作。

然而，在全球气候变化的影响下，冰雪灾害成灾因素复杂，对雨雪预测预报难度也在不断增加。

因此，在全球气候变暖背景下，除了加强建立南方地区的防寒机制，积极做好灾害防御措施之外，还要提高公众对暴风雪等极端天气、气候事件的防范意识，及早采取积极有效的应对措施。

2009 年高考语文(北京卷)参考答案一、（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）1.C2.B3.D4.A5.D二、（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）6.C7.A8.C9.B 10.D三、（本大题共3小题，共22分）11.（5分）天之道其犹张弓与/高者抑之/下者举之/有馀者补之/不足者补之/天之道损有馀而补不足/人之道则不然/损不足以奉有馀/孰能有馀以奉天下/唯有道者/是以圣人为而不恃/功成而不处。

12.（10分）①（2分）D②（3分）苏轼辛弃疾豪放派③（5分）第一问：达观、豪迈的胸怀第二问：略13.（7分）①聊乘化以归尽乐夫天命复奚疑②月涌大江流名岂文章著③族秦者秦也非天下也④又岂在朝朝暮暮四、（本大题共3小题，共10分）14.（3分）B15. （3分）D16.(4分)长处：文化内涵丰富，唱词文白兼有且重故实；艺术表演精湛，歌舞并重局限：不适合在新式舞台演出，有的演员墨守成规。

五、（本大题共4小题，共18页）17.（4分） B E18.(2分)要点一：在结构上统领下文，承上启下要点二：表现司马祠的地势由低到高的走向要点三：暗含对司马迁的敬仰之情19.（6分）要点一：九十九级神道——司马迁所经受的磨难要点二：泥塑像——司马迁的“完人”形象要点三：墓冢——司马迁的大智大慧要点四：墓定一柏——司马迁的“天问”20.（6分）①（3分）要点一：把司马祠当成历史的大书，强调它特别值得解读要点二：引发读者对司马迁人格与精神进行深入思考②（3分）（略）六、（本大题共2小题，共10分）21.（4分）（略）22.（6分）（略）七、（本大题共1小题，共60分）23.（60分）（略）------------------------------------------------------------------------------以下为试题：2009年普通高等等学校招生全国统一考试语文（北京卷）第Ⅰ卷（选择题共30分）一、本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分。

高三语文断句查漏补缺1、用斜线（/）给下面语段断句。

（5分）有国者不可以不知《春秋》前有谗而弗见后有贼而不知为人臣者不可以不知《春秋》守经事而不知其宜遭变事而不知其权……夫不通礼义之旨，至于君不君，臣不臣，父不父，子不子。

夫君不君则犯，臣不臣则诛，父不父则无道，子不子则不孝。

此四行者，天下之大过也。

（选自《史记·太史公自序》）2．用斜线（/）给下面的短文断句。

（5分）孟子曰言近而旨远者善言也守约而施博者善道也君子之言也不下带①而道存焉君子之守修其身而天下平人病舍其田而芸人之田所求于人者重而所以自任者轻。

3．用斜线“/”给文言文断句（5分）人之生也柔弱其死也坚强草木之生也柔脆其死也枯槁故坚强者死之徒柔弱者生之徒是以兵强则灭木强则折强大处下柔弱处上。

4、用/ 给文中句子断句。

（5分）王陵，沛人也。

始为县豪，高祖微时兄事陵。

及高祖起沛，入咸阳，陵亦聚党数千人居南阳，不肯从沛公。

及汉王之还击项籍，陵乃以兵属汉。

项羽取陵母置军中陵使至则东乡坐陵母欲以招陵。

陵母既私送使者，泣曰：“愿为老妾语陵，善事汉王。

汉王长者，毋以老妾故持二心。

妾以死送使者。

”遂伏剑而死。

项王怒烹陵母陵卒从汉王定天下以善雍齿雍齿高祖之仇陵又本无从汉之意以故后封陵为安国侯。

5. 用斜线（／）给下面短文画横线的部分断句。

（５分）飞至孝: 母留河北，遣人求访，迎归。

母有痼疾，药饵必亲。

母卒水浆不入口者三日家无姬侍吴玠素服飞愿与交欢饰名姝遗之飞曰主上宵晘岂大将安乐时却不受玠益敬服。

少豪饮，帝戒之曰:“卿异时到河朔乃可饮。

”遂绝不饮。

帝初为飞营第，飞辞曰:“敌未灭,何以家为？”或问:“天下何时太平？”飞曰:“文臣不爱钱，武臣不惜死，天下平矣。

”(《宋史•岳飞传》)6.用斜线（/）给下面短文断句。

（5分）人之所不学而能者其良能也所不虑而知者其良知也孩提之童无不知爱其亲者及其长也无不知敬其兄也亲亲仁也敬长义也无他达之天下也。

（取材于《孟子·尽心上》）7．用斜线（／）给下面的文言文断句。

2011-2012海淀区高三语文查漏补缺资料（2012年5月18日星期五）一、基础知识在下列括号处填写适当的字词答案：给下列加点字注音。

解．数xiè期．月jī无稽．jī挣扎．zhá单．于chán 解．元jiè奇．偶jī纤．维xiān 症．结zhēnɡ叨．扰tāo 巷．道hànɡ执拗．niù稗．草bài 执着．zhuó靓．妆jìnɡ亲．家qìnɡ对称．chèn 沮．丧jǔ校．对jiào 隽．秀jùn 装载．zài 句读．dòu 校．勘jiào 字帖．tiè乳臭．xiù星宿．xiù作．坊zuō骁．勇xiāo 谙．熟ān 杜撰．zhuàn 矫．健jiǎo 迁徙．xǐ谙．习ān 对峙．zhì教室．shì虔．诚qián 笑靥．yè．按捺．nà讹．诈é接洽．qià掮．客qián 亵．渎xiè鏖．战áo 发酵．jiào 结束．shù戕．害qiānɡ歆．享xīn 拜谒．yè绯．红fēi 旌麾．huī惬．意qiè信笺．jiān 菲．薄fěi 侵．占qīn信札．zhá别墅． shù俯瞰． kàn镌．刻 juān 冗．长 rǒnɡ濒．临 bīn 讣．告 fù睿．智 ruì烜．赫 xuǎn波．浪 bō阜．盛 fù噱．头 xué闰．月 rùn炫．耀 xuàn 擘．画 bó偌．大 ruò绚．丽 xuàn哺．育 bǔ桑梓． zǐ渲．染 xuàn 感喟． kuì揩．油 kāi 缫．丝 sāo 血渍． zì不啻． chì形骸．．hái 暴殄．tiǎn 愤懑．mèn 粳．稻jīnɡ轻佻．tiāo 休憩．qì悖．谬bèi 笨拙．zhuō龋．齿qǔ编纂．zuǎn 否．泰pǐ拘泥．nì蜷．曲quán 羞赧．nǎn 鞭笞．chī敷．衍fū狙．击jū确凿．záo勖．勉xù鞭挞．tà拂．晓 fú巨擘 bò日晷．ɡuǐ酗．酒 xù客栈． zhàn 沙砾． lì徇．私 xùn 睚眦．． yázì恪．守 kè芟．除 shān 菜畦． qí弓弦． xián 缂．丝 kè肯綮． qìnɡ湮．没 yān 残垣． yuán 攻讦． jié股肱．ɡōnɡ讪．笑 shàn 筵．席 yán 仓廪． lǐn 觇．视 chān框．架 kuānɡ嬗．变 shàn 蛊．惑ɡǔ岿．然 kuī谄．媚 chǎn 棺椁．ɡuǒ一爿． pán 阐．明 chǎn盥．洗ɡuàn 广袤． mào赏赉． lài 饴．糖 yí忏．悔 chàn 掣．肘 chè羸．弱 léi 深邃． suì屹．立 yì琛．宝 chēn规矩． jǔ罹．难 lí翌．日 yì肄．业 yì皈．依ɡuī莅．临 lì哂．笑 shěn 胜券． quàn嗔．怪 chēn 瑰．丽ɡuī联袂． mèi 撂．下 liào阴霾． mái 瞠．目 chēnɡ诡谲． jué鬼蜮． yù拾掇 duo 鹰隼 sǔn瞠．目 chēnɡ贿赂．． huì lù追溯． sù莜．麦 yóu 踝．骨 huái 症．结 zhēnɡ坎坷． kě雇佣． yōnɡ黜．免 chù庇．护 bì奖掖．yè蝙蝠．． biān fú谄媚．． chǎnɡ huǎnɡ．． chǎn mèi 惝恍踟蹰．． chí chú叱咤．． chì zhà旖旎．． jì yú．． yǐ nǐ觊觎祭祀．． jià sè．． jì sì稼穑魑魅．． chī mèi 踉跄．． liànɡ qiànɡ窠臼．． kēnɡ qiānɡ．． kē jiù铿锵倥偬．． niǔ ní．． kǒnɡ zǒnɡ忸怩囹圄．． miǎn tiǎn ．． línɡ yǔ腼腆蹒跚．． pénɡ pài．． pán shān 澎湃纰缪．． pī miù噬．齿 shì娉婷．． rèn shēn ．． pīn tínɡ妊娠倜傥．． wān kù．． tì tǎnɡ纨绔狭隘．． xià xì．． xiáài 罅隙肴馔．． zhí zhú．． yáo zhuàn 踯躅迤逦．． yīn yūn．． yǐ lǐ氤氲脂肪．． zhī fánɡ恣睢．． zì suī桎梏．． zhì bó．． zhìɡù踬踣悄．然无声 qiǎo 相．机行事 xiànɡ恬．不知耻 tián 插科打诨 hùn踽．踽独行 jǔ间．不容发 jiān负隅．顽抗 yú安步当．车 dànɡ歃．血为盟 shà草菅．人命 jiān 曲．高和寡 qǔ力能扛．鼎ɡānɡ浑身解数 xiè安土重迁 zhònɡ余勇可贾．ɡǔ魂不守舍． shè垂涎．三尺 xián 栉．风沐雨 zhì差．强人意 chā博闻强识． zhì阒．无一人 qù自惭形秽． huì休戚．相关 qī声名煊．赫 xuān 排难．解纷 nàn 半身不遂． suí引吭．高歌 hánɡ乘．人之危 chénɡ前倨．后恭 jù悬崖勒．马 lè金蝉脱壳． qiào 恣．意妄为 zì舐．犊情深 shì瞠．目结舌 chēnɡ饮鸩．止渴 zhèn 潜．心贯注 qián 宁．缺毋．滥 nìnɡ wú揠．苗助长 yà螳臂当．车 dānɡ大煞．风景 shā卷帙．浩繁 zhì心广体胖． pán 狼吞虎咽． yàn 稗．官野史 bài鲜．为人知 xiǎn 虚与委蛇．． wēi yí率尔操觚．ɡū囿．于成见 yòu 既往不咎． jiù牵强．附会 qiǎnɡ箪食．．壶浆 dān sì独当．一面 dānɡ乳臭．未干 xiù否．极泰来 pǐ形单影只． zhī徇．私舞弊 xùn奄奄．．一息 yǎn 茕．茕孑立 qiónɡ纵横捭．阖 bǎi 锲．而不舍 qiè戛．然而止 jiá拈．花惹草 niān 削．足适履 xuē暴殄．天物 tiǎn 韦．编三绝 wéi 怙．恶不悛． hù quān 天遂．人愿 suì量．体裁衣 liànɡ为．渊驱鱼 wèi 同仇敌忾． kài 泥．古不化 nì插科打诨． hùn鞭辟入里 pì赧颜汗下 nǎn不稂．不莠． lánɡ yǒu属垣．．有耳 zhǔ yuán臧否．人物 pǐ力有未逮． dài千乘．之国 shènɡ暴虎冯．河 pínɡ人才济．济 jǐ循规蹈矩． jǔ怏．怏不乐 yànɡ不容置喙． huì以儆．效尤 jǐnɡ汗流浃．背 jiā高屋建瓴． línɡ怨声载．道 zài色厉内荏． rěn 载．歌载舞 zài 曲．径通幽 qū一哄．而散 hònɡ艰苦卓．绝 zhuó圆凿方枘． ruì呼天抢．地 qiānɡ沐猴而冠．ɡuàn虎踞．龙蟠． jù pán 奴颜婢．膝 bì自怨自艾． yì风尘仆仆． pú纨绔．子弟 kù量．才录用 liànɡ数．见不鲜 shuò排忧解难． nàn沆瀣．．一气 hànɡ xiè百舸．争流ɡě含英咀．华 jǔ恪．守不渝 kè心广体胖． pán 刚愎．自用 bì为虎作伥． chānɡ锃．光瓦亮 zènɡ白雪皑．皑ái 殚．精竭虑 dān 言简意赅．ɡāi 觥．筹交错ɡōnɡ同仇敌忾． kài 拈．轻怕重 niān 惊魂甫．定 fǔ有恃．无恐 shì垂涎．三尺 xián 恬．不知耻 tián风流倜傥．．tì tǎnɡ冉．冉升起 rǎn面面相觑． qù纨绔．子弟 kù一丘之貉． hé秣．马厉兵 mò病入膏肓． huānɡ一蹴．而就 cù咄．咄逼人 duō作茧自缚． fù挟．私报复 xié铩．羽而归 shā百花争妍． yán 百战不殆． dài病入膏肓． huānɡ不胫．而走 jìnɡ不愧不怍． zuò不稂．不莠． lánɡ yǒu 饿殍．满地 piǎo 不容置喙． huì咄．咄逼人 duō繁文缛．节rù匪．夷所思 fěi 分道扬镳． biāo风声鹤唳． lì封妻荫．子yìn负隅．顽抗 yú甘冒不韪． wéi高屋建瓴． línɡ功亏一篑． kuì觥．筹交错ɡōnɡ瓜熟蒂．落 dì呱．呱坠地ɡū管窥蠡．测 lí光阴荏苒．． rén rǎn 海市蜃．楼 shèn沆瀣．．一气 hànɡ xiè好高骛．远 wù怙．恶不悛． hù quān 佶．屈聱牙 jí既往不咎． jiù戛．然而止 jiá嗟．来之食 jiē桀骜．．不驯 jiéào 踽．踽独行 jǔ开门揖．盗 yī溘．然长逝 kè枯草断茎． jīnɡ流言蜚．语 fēi 卖官鬻．爵 yù命运多舛． chuǎn 呶．呶不休 náo 拈．轻怕重 niān 女娲．补天 wā胼．手胝．足 pián zhī前倨．后恭 jù前仆．后继 pū锲．而不舍 qiè轻歌曼．舞 màn 罄．竹难书 qìnɡ茕．茕孑．立 qiónɡ jié趋之若鹜． wù逡．巡不前 qūn 如火如荼． tú孺．子可教 rú歃．血为盟 shà姗．姗来迟 shān 生死存殁． mò韬．光养晦 tāo 提纲挈．领 qiè天寒地坼． chè同仇敌忾． kài万马齐喑． yīn 未雨绸缪． móu蓊．蓊郁郁 wěnɡ无耻谰．言 lán相形见绌． chù宵衣旰．食ɡàn循规蹈矩． jǔ揠．苗助长 yà偃．旗息鼓 yǎn 怏．怏不乐 yànɡ一筹．莫展 chóu 一蹴．而就 cù引吭．高歌 hánɡ忧心忡．忡 chōnɡ游目骋．怀 chěnɡ鱼跃鸢．飞 yuān 逾．期作废 yú运筹帷幄．． wéi wò臻．于郅．治 zhēn zhì栉．风沐雨 zhì陟．罚臧否． zānɡ pǐ钟灵毓．秀 yù前五道综合练习（一）1. 下列词语中，字形和加点的字的读音全都正确的一项是A．忘年交黄钟毁弃，瓦斧雷鸣踝．（huí）骨牵强．（qiánɡ）附会B．合家欢东隅已逝，桑榆非晚草窠．（kē）愀．（qiǎo）然不乐C．暴冷门涸泽而渔，焚林而猎负疚．（jiū）半嗔．（chēn）半喜D．撒酒疯以其昏昏，使人糟糟盥．(huàn)洗倾箱倒箧．（qiè）2．下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一项是A．我们应当允许学术上的百家争鸣，不能唯我独尊，更不能党同伐异．．．．。

北京市海淀区2018届高三查漏补缺语文试题北京市海淀区2018届高三查漏补缺语文试题阅读下面的作品，完成下面小题。

母亲的中药铺那时候，我最喜欢去的地方，一是新华书店，一是母亲的中药铺。

前者，是因为我爱看爱买连环画；后者，是因为我喜欢嗅闻那些中药的味道，特别是咀嚼几片苦甜苦甜的甘草。

母亲当过赤脚医生。

八十年代初，母亲参加医疗培训后，加入了城关镇合作医疗站。

医疗站在我读书的中学附近，临街两间旧木房。

一间开处方和打针，由老中医李医生坐堂；另一间，是药铺，有两排暗红色大柜子，柜中塞满抽屉，抽屉门贴着一张白色泛黄的小纸片，毛笔楷书写着奇奇怪怪的中药名。

这些药名，全是白发苍苍的李医生写的，他面貌清瘦，戴着老花镜，一口上海腔。

因为有了这个神仙一般形貌和气质的老中医，很多人慕名而来，连看他开处方都是一种享受：望闻问切一阵，他就在处方笺上龙飞凤舞，写出一串天书般的符号，递给我母亲。

和母亲一起在守药铺的，还有三个阿姨。

我注意到，她们抓药非常麻利，瞟一眼处方，就可以找到相应的抽屉。

仅凭手抓，就基本准确，最后还是放进小秤称一称，添点或减点。

然后，把药倒入毛边纸或废报纸，包好扎紧，写几颗字交待几句，递给别人。

只要一走进药铺，我就被一股浓重的药香包裹得严严实实，有点喘不过气来，但一习惯就好了。

我望着那些神秘莫测的抽屉，瞅着那些贴着标签的药名，震惊不已：它们的名字，怎么那样奇异呀，什么半夏、黄精，什么益母草、白芨，都是曼妙的植物，当然，也有的是矿物和其他异类，比如朱砂、雄黄、海马等，我不由得产生了相关的联想：这朱砂，肯定就是国画中传统的红色颜料吧？李可染曾用顶级朱砂绘过四张毛泽东主席诗意图《万山红遍》，已成画史上的经典。

至于雄黄，不就是许仙那厮意气用事的东西吗？所谓的海马，只是相当于一条小鱼而已。

我最喜欢的药草是甘草。

首先，是因为它的名字，甘草，望文生义，不就是甘甜之草吗？昔时，神农氏遍尝百草，解毒靠的就是这宝贝。

再加上我自己就姓甘，与这甘草是家门，五百劫前应是同根而生之族。

2009年海淀区高三语文查漏补缺试题（二）2009年海淀区高三语文查漏补缺试题（二）第六部分语用：常见基本题型的回归1．国家语委推出了经典诗文诵读活动，旨在通过诵读中华经典推广普通话，推行规范汉字。

有人为庆祝这一盛会写了一幅对联：雅言传承文明五千年文化滋润字正腔圆抑扬顿挫对话先贤论说古今普通话沟通你我心灵世界，下联被打乱分割成了以下几句话，请你重新整理，对出下联。

（２分）a．十三经精华涵养b．书写和谐弘扬正气c．经典浸润人生d．规范字凝聚华夏气魄精神e．横平竖直铁铁画银勾下联是：请给这幅对联加横批，体现诵读活动宗旨，不超过８个字（２分）横批：2．国家语委推出了经典诗文诵读活动，旨在通过诵读中华经典推广普通话，推行规范汉字。

在全国诵读大赛总决赛上，有人为庆祝这一盛会写了一副对联：雅言传承文明五千年文化滋润字正腔圆抑扬顿挫对话先贤论说古今普通话沟通你我心灵世界，经典浸润人生十三经精华涵养横平竖直铁画银勾书写和谐弘扬正气规范字凝聚华夏气魄精神。

提取、组合材料中的对联，写一副新的对联。

要求：体现说、写基本标准与诵读活动的意义，符合对联的基本规范即可。

（4分）根据材料内容，给材料中的对联加横批。

（2分）横批：3．（全国卷II）水库中学星星文学社请作家杨笑天来做报告。

下面是张田甜社长开场白中的一个片段，其中有四处不得体，请你找出来并进行修改。

（4分）今天我们很荣幸地邀请到著名作家杨笑天先生来作报告，前几天，我们两位已把大家的作品送给杨先生，他也都拜读了，下面杨先生会针对我们大作中存在的问题进行具体指导。

（1）将改为；（2）将改为；（3）将改为；（4）将改为。

4．把下列句子组成语意连贯的一段文字，排序最恰当的一项是《禹贡》主要以山脉、河流和海洋为自然分界，把所描述的地区分为九州，不受当时诸侯割据形势的局限，把广大地区作为一个整体来研究，分别阐述九州的山川、湖泽、土壤、物产等，是自然区划思想的萌芽。

此后，主要论述疆域、政区建制沿革的著作不断涌现，除正史有地理志外，各省、府、州、县也多编有地方志。

北京市海淀区2012年高三年级查漏补缺语文试题一、基础知识在下列括号处填写适当的字词1（）生（）养2（）（）（）通3随声（）（）4功亏一（）5 不（）私情6（）无仅有7大声（）呼8无（）于事9没（）难忘10责无旁（）11水乳交（）12事必（）亲13（）（）14（）无此意15变（）莫测16 （）义（）言17毛骨（）然18各行其（）19（）（）成（）20以德（）怨21（）肥（）瘦22（）过（）非23闲情（）致24死心（）地25良（）美景26如雷（）耳27世外桃（）28翻云（）雨29璀（）30盛名之下其实难（）31悬（）刺（）32 （）气相（）33（）便34察（）观色35（）盖36船（）37 （）予38金（）辉（）39（）曲同（）40衣衫（）（）41（）私舞弊42 唇枪舌（）43剑拔（）张44坐（）45 摩（）46见风使（）47（）碰48（）拿49大有（）益50弱不（）风51视死如（）52（）信片53能（）能（）54挖墙（）55卑（）（）（）56（）光（）气57（）（）子58（）（）有（）59声名（）起60直（）了当61主（）律62（）（）华贵63后（）之师64（）礼（）拜65一（）千金66（）身67（）心而论68 （）合69青（）70气（）71（）边72（）敬73（）利74开门（）盗75（）官野史76 （）无音信77暴（）天物78草（）人命79不落（）（）80（）藉81 慰（）82装（）83（）绝人（）84凋（）85通（）86（）渎87张（）88味同（）（）89（）笑怒骂90百战不（）91（）之高阁92（）纲93（）指94影（）95有志者事（）成96学（）97 直抒胸（）98礼（）之（）99（）而走险100强（）之末101（）（）造作102冒天下之大不（）103黄（）美梦104优（）寡断105待价而（）106端（）107瓜熟（）落108烦（）109好高（）远110寒（）111（）然成章112水（）头113（）目以待114白内（）115（）分116禁止（）（）117（）射118记忆（）新119糟（）120（）挛121（）（）来迟122 沉（）123（）（）人心124（）竹难书125（）来品126针（）127民（）（）（）128（）车室130（）蝉131不（）而走132（）心（）血133演（）134一（）对联135（）精（）虑136（）（）千古137宣（）138简（）139（）其功于一（）140（）泽而（）答案：1娇生惯养2融会贯通3随声附和4功亏一篑5 不徇私情6绝无仅有7大声疾呼8无济于事9没齿难忘10责无旁贷11水乳交融12事必躬亲13联袂14绝无此意15变幻莫测16 仗义执言17毛骨悚然18各行其是19集腋成裘20以德报怨21挑肥拣瘦22文过饰非23闲情逸致24死心塌地25良辰美景26如雷贯耳27世外桃源28翻云覆雨31悬梁刺股32 意气相投29璀璨30盛名之下其实难副33即便34察言观色35涵盖36船舱37 赋予38金碧辉煌39异曲同工40衣衫褴褛41徇私舞弊42 唇枪舌剑43剑拔弩张44坐镇45 摩挲46见风使舵47磕碰48缉拿49大有裨益50弱不禁风51视死如归52明信片53能屈能伸54挖墙脚55卑躬屈膝56珠光宝气57捅娄子58彬彬有礼59声名鹊起60直截了当61主旋律62雍容华贵63后事之师64顶礼膜拜65一诺千金66文身67平心而论68 凑合69青睐70气概71戍边72崇敬73赢利74开门揖盗75稗官野史76 杳无音信77暴殄天物78草菅人命79不落窠臼80蕴藉81 慰藉82装帧83惨绝人寰84凋敝85通牒86亵渎87张弛88味同嚼蜡89嬉笑怒骂90百战不殆91束之高阁92提纲96学籍93拇指94影碟95有志者事竟成97 直抒胸臆98礼仪之邦99铤而走险100强弩之末103黄粱美梦104优柔寡断101矫揉造作102冒天下之大不韪105待价而沽106端详107瓜熟蒂落108烦躁109好高骛远110寒暄111斐然成章112水龙头113拭目以待114白内障115缘分116禁止赌博117辐射118记忆犹新119糟蹋120痉挛121 姗姗来迟122 沉湎123笼络人心124罄竹难书125舶来品126针砭127民生凋敝128候车室130貂蝉131不胫而走132呕心沥血133演绎134一副对联135殚精竭虑136彪炳137宣泄140竭泽而渔138简练139毕其功于一役给下列加点字注音。

2013年海淀区高三语文查漏补缺题一、语基部分词语1. 填入下面文段横线处的虚词恰当的一项是（）①人类来说，理想的居住环境是山水园林城市，当然，最富有魅力的城市还是历史文化名城。

有的历史文化名城是国家的首都；有的②不是首都，③在这里曾发生过具有历史意义的重大事件；有的在经济文化、宗教等方面曾经产生过重大影响。

④有一点很关键，就是历史文化名城保留了比较多的文化遗迹。

⑤，是不是历史文化名城，主要看它是不是有丰富的历史遗迹和深厚的文化底蕴。

A. 对即使也还所以B. 对于虽然但是还总之C. 对虽然但是也所以D. 对于即使也也总之2.下列各句中，加点的词语使用不正确．．．的一项是（）A. 论文抄袭的事件在学术圈外的领域也频频发生，这就不能不引发我们去反思：不管哪行哪业，动辄．．将论文作为职称晋升、业绩考核的标准，是否完全合适？B. 在政府和公众齐心协力的大环境下，正该破除那些蛊惑人心、扰乱视听的“房价危言”，惟其．．如此，严打炒房，保障民生才能有一个清明的舆论环境。

C. 电视剧《黎明之前》播出前并未大事．．宣传，可播出后却被认为是《潜伏》之后最好的一部谍战剧，媒体和观众的关注和议论不断升温。

D. 亚冠联赛小组赛上，鲁能泰山队的另一个对手韩国首尔FC队以大比分赢得了刚结束的比赛。

从目前的形式来看，泰山队的亚冠之旅格外．．艰险。

3.下列各句中加点的熟语，使用不恰当．．．的一句是（）A. 据有关人士称，房价问题涉及当地政府、开发商、投资公司、建材企业等诸家利益，平抑房价将牵一发而动全身．．．．．．．……，具体操作殊非易事。

B. 目前我国原盐年产量约6800万吨，其中加碘食盐90%以上是井矿盐，产自于内陆。

由此可见，海水遭核污染与食用盐荒是八竿子打不着．．．．．．的事。

C. 对有潜力的优秀年轻干部，组织部门就是要赶鸭子上架．．．．．，让他们到基层单位挑起重担，在实践的风风雨雨中摸爬滚打，锻炼成长。

D. 媒体称，中共中央、国务院颁布施行《关于对配偶子女均已移居国（境）外的国家工作人员加强管理的暂行规定》，是对“裸官”念起了紧箍咒．．．。

2009北京市海淀区高三数学查漏补缺试题说明：查漏补缺题是在海淀的五次统练基础上的补充，绝非猜题押宝，每道题的选择都有其选题意图，有的侧重知识、有的侧重方法、有的侧重题型、有的侧重选题内容，请老师根据选题意图，有所选择、有所侧重地训练学生.最后阶段的复习，应是梳理知识、梳理解题方法的基础上查漏补缺.三角函数1．在ABC ∆中，A ∠、B ∠、C ∠所对的边长分别是a 、b 、c .满足b A c C a =+cos cos 2. （1）求C 的大小；（2）求B A sin sin +的最大值. 命题意图： 在已知边角关系中既有边又有角的等式，一般要进行边角统一，边化角常用正弦定理，角化边常用正弦、余弦定理；熟练掌握()sin cos a x b x x φ+=+的变形；另外对于函数B x A y ++=)sin(φω的图象和性质要掌握好;已知三角函数值求角时，一定要注意角的取值范围，注意细节.2．已知21cos cos sin )(2-+=x x x x f . （1）求)(x f 的对称轴方程；（2）将函数)(x f 的图象按向量a 平移后得到函数)(x g 的图象，若)(x g y =的图象关于点)0,2(π对称，求a 的最小值. 命题意图： 对于三角公式，重中之重是倍角公式、降幂公式及辅助角公式.如果三角函数解答题要求单调性、对称性、周期等，一般暗示着“化一”的过程，即通过恒等变形把函数化为B x A y ++=)sin(φω；另外会从“数”和“形”两方面来分析这个函数的性质和几何特点,即以图引导思维；注意平移问题的处理，如函数平移，按向量平移，曲线的平移问题. 提示：要求学生记清诱导公式，“特殊角”的三角函数值.数列1．设数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，且满足2+3=,2=1+1n n S S S ()n=1,2,3.（Ⅰ）求证：数列{}1+n S 为等比数列； （Ⅱ）求通项公式n a ； （Ⅲ）设2nnn S a b =,求证：1...21<+++n b b b . 命题意图：数列既是高中数学的重点，也是难点.掌握好等差、等比数列的通项公式和前n 项和公式，能用概念判断是否为等差、等比数列.常见考点：n S 与n a 的关系（注意讨论）；b ka a n n +=+1；递推——猜想——数学归纳法证明；迭加)(1n f a a n n +=+；迭乘n n a n f a ⋅=+)(1；裂项求和；错位相减等；数列不等式证明中注意放缩法的运用.2．无穷数列{}n a 满足：1221+-=+n nn a a n n λ（0≥λ为常数）. （1）若,11=a 且数列{}n na 为等比数列，求λ； （2）已知,11=a 3=λ，若8050<<m a ，求m ；（3）若存在正整数N ，使得当N n >时，有n n a a <+1，求证：存在正整数M ，使得当Mn >时，有.0<n a命题意图：数列中涉及恒成立或存在性的问题，往往和最大（小）值及单调性有关，常见做法是用1+n a 和na 进行作差、作商、比较或构造函数来判断；通过本题的练习，希望学生能根据题目的条件和结论获取信息，抓住特点，进行代数推理论证；本题第（3）问也可用反证法说明，解题中要重视它的运用.立体几何1．在直平行六面体1AC 中，ABCD 是菱形，60DAB ︒∠=，AC BD O =，1AB AA =.（1）求证：1//C O 平面11AB D ；（2）求证：平面11AB D ⊥平面11ACC A ； （3）求直线AC 与平面11AB D 所成角的大小.命题意图： 熟悉立体几何中常见问题及处理方法，要求学生敏锐把握所给图形特征，制定合理的解决问题策略.立体几何主要是两种位置关系（平行、垂直），两个度量性质（夹角、距离）.解决问题的方法也有两种：几何方法和向量方法.两种方法各有优缺点，前者难在“找”和“作”的技巧性，后者难在建系和计算上，究竟用哪种方法，到时根据自己的情况决断.2．如图，二面角P CB A --为直二面角，∠PCB =90°, ∠ACB =90°，PM ∥BC ，直线AM 与直线PC所成的角为60°，又AC =1,BC =2，PM =1. （Ⅰ）求证：AC ⊥BM ;（Ⅱ）求二面角M -AB -C 的正切值； （III ）求点P 到平面ABM 的距离. 命题意图：用综合法解答立体几何问题，要注意步骤的规范性，如求二面角的大小，点到面的距离，要先证明，再计算.用向量方法解答，要注意两向量的夹角与所求角的关系，即相等、互补、互余等，还要注意所求角的范围，如斜线和平面所成角一定是锐角；要注意“体积法”在处理较难的角与距离问题中的灵活运用.注意：立体几何重在通性、通法的熟练，逻辑的严谨，计算准确上.O D 1C 1B 1A 1DCBA概率1．理：某自助银行共有4台ATM 机，在某一时刻A 、B 、C 、D 四台ATM 机被占用的概率分别为31、21、21、25，设某一时刻这家自助银行被占用的A TM 机的台数为ξ （Ⅰ）如果某客户只能使用A 或B 型号的ATM 机，求该客户需要等待的概率； （Ⅱ）求至多有三台A TM 机被占用的概率； （Ⅲ）求ξ的分布列和数学期望.命题意图： 概率主要考查两个公式（加法、乘法公式）、两个模型（古典概型、贝努里概型）（可以提醒学生“摸球”问题中的放回与不放回的区别）.但要注意答题的规范性，不要只列一个算术式子来解答；注意两个公式适用的条件，互斥和独立；注意两个模型的辨别；对于“至多”，“至少”问题，常用对立事件计算.2．文：某自助银行共有4台ATM 机，在某一时刻A 、B 、C 、D 四台ATM 机被占用的概率分别为31、21、21、25. （Ⅰ）如果某客户只能使用A 或B 型号的ATM 机，求该客户需要等待的概率； （Ⅱ）求至多有三台A TM 机被占用的概率； （Ⅲ）求恰有两台A TM 机被占用的概率. 命题意图： 概率主要考查两个公式（加法、乘法公式）、两个模型（古典概型、贝努里概型）.但要注意答题的规范性，不要只列一个算术式子来解答；注意两个公式适用的条件，互斥和独立；注意两个模型的辨别；对于“至多”，“至少”问题，常用对立事件计算.3．小明一家三口都会下棋.在假期里的每一天，父母都交替与小明下三盘棋，已知小明胜父亲的概率是12，胜母亲的概率是23. （1）如果小明与父亲先下，求小明恰胜一盘的概率；（2）父母与小明约定，只要他在三盘中能至少连胜．．两盘，就给他奖品，那么小明为了获胜希望更大，他应该先与父亲下，还是先与母亲下？请用计算说明理由. 命题意图： 用数据说理和决策的意识.通过合理的分类、恰当的分步把复杂事件用相对简单（或已知概率）事件表示的能力，尤其是对（2）中()12123P A B A B A ⋅+⋅⋅121211232322=⨯+⨯⨯=划线部分的理解；还要注意概率和不等式等其它数学知识的交汇.1．已知动点P 到直线334-=x 的距离是到定点（0,3-）的距离的332倍. （Ⅰ）求动点P 的轨迹方程；（Ⅱ）如果直线:(1)l y k x =+)0(≠k 与P 点的轨迹有两个交点A 、B ，求弦AB 的垂直平分线在y 轴上的截距0y 的取值范围.命题意图：对解析几何两大基本问题：①求轨迹；②通过方程研究曲线性质进行再梳理.轨迹方程的求法一般分为直接法和间接法.直接法的步骤：建系设点，找等量关系，列方程，化简，检验；间接法的关键是找参数.如果明确说直线与圆锥曲线有两个不同的交点，一般是考查判别式与根系关系的应用.取值范围一般是函数的值域或不等式（组）的解集.2．已知点,A B 分别是直线y x =和y x =-的动点（,A B 在y 轴的同侧），且OAB ∆的面积为98，点P 满足2AP PB =.（1）试求点P 的轨迹C 的方程；（2）已知F)，过O 作直线l 交轨迹C 于两点,M N ，若23MFN π∠=，试求MFN ∆的面积.（3）理：已知F)，矩形MFNE 的两个顶点,M N 均在曲线C 上，试求矩形MFNE 面积的最小值.命题意图：本题抓住解析几何重点研究问题设问，熟悉巩固通性通法，典型几何条件如长、角等的代数转换方法，让学生理解解析几何的基本思想与策略.解析几何要把握好条件的等价翻译，理顺各量间的关系，计算准确，进而得出正确结论.取值范围、最值、存在性、定值等问题是高中数学的重点题型，要重视.最值问题一般要建立函数关系（求哪个量的最值，这个量一般是因变量，关键是找到主动变化的量，即自变量），并且指出函数的定义域（定义域往往和判别式有关）.解析几何考最值要注意均值定理、导数和二次函数的运用.1．设1()1(R)f x ax a x =+∈-，曲线y = f (x )在点（2，f (2)）处的切线方程为y = x +3. （1）求f (x )的解析式；（2）若x ∈[2,3]时，f (x )≥bx 恒成立，求实数b 的取值范围. 命题意图： 切线方程要注意“在点”和“过点”的区别；恒成立问题，存在性问题一般和最值、值域、单调性密切相关，当不等式两端都为变量时，一般要先分离变量.2．（理）已知函数())f x x a =+（0>x ，∈a R ）（1）求函数)(x f 的单调区间；（2）求函数)(x f 在[]1,8上的最大值和最小值．命题意图： 导数的应用，重点是单调性、极值、最值问题（或方程、不等式等可转化为最值的问题），要注意通性通法的落实.如果有参数，常常需要分类讨论：提取常数系数时，要注意系数是否可能为零；导数为零的x 的值有多个时，要注意它们的大小关系是否是确定的等.2．（文）设函数22()21(0)f x tx t x t x t =++-∈>R ，． （Ⅰ）求()f x 的最小值()h t ；（Ⅱ）若()2h t t m <-+对(02)t ∈，恒成立，求实数m 的取值范围．命题意图： 使文科学生熟悉导数的基本应用，巩固处理此类问题的通性通法.本题主要考查函数的单调性、极值以及函数导数的应用．不等式1．已知函数()y f x =和()y g x =的图象关于y 轴对称，且2()24f x x x =- （I ）求函数()y g x =的解析式； （Ⅱ）解不等式()()|1|2f xg x x +≤-；命题意图： 引导学生复习对称性（轴对称、中心对称）问题的处理方法.解不等式的方法可以概括为“化归”的过程，即转化为有理不等式.含有绝对值的不等式，就是要根据绝对值的意义去掉绝对值符号，根据不同情况进行分类讨论，但要分清楚各个步骤是求交集还是并集.2．已知不等式112>+x 的解集为A ，不等式02)2(2<++-a x a x 的解集为B . （1）求集合A 及B ；（2）若B A ⊆，求实数a 的取值范围.命题意图： 复习简单不等式的解法，注意分式不等式的等价转化，弄清集合间的关系，注意分类讨论的思想方法.参考答案三角函数 1．解：（1）由正弦定理及b A c C a =+cos cos 2得，B AC C A s i n c o s s i n c o s s i n2=+. 在ABC ∆中，π=++C B A ，∴B C A -=+π，即B C A sin )sin(=+.∴B C A B C A C A A C C A sin cos sin sin cos sin )sin(cos sin cos sin 2=+=++=+∴0c o s s i n=C A 又 π<<A 0，π<<C 0，∴0sin >A . ∴0cos =C .∴2π=C .（2）由（1）得2π=C ，∴2π=+B A ，即A B -=2π.A AB A cos sin sin sin +=+)4sin(2π+=A ，20π<<A ，∴4344πππ<+<A . ∴当4π=A 时，B A sin sin +取得最大值2.2．解：（1）2122cos 12sin 21)(-++=x x x f)2cos 2(sin 21x x +=)42sin(22π+=x 由242πππ+=+k x 得,28Z k x k ππ=+∈.)(x f ∴的对称轴方程为,28Z k x k ππ=+∈. （2）由题意可设(,0)m =a 则)422sin(22)(π+-=m x x g 又因为)(x g 的图象关于点)0,2(π对称，则有0)24sin(22=-+m ππ，即552,,482Z k m k m k ππππ-=∴=-∈.5,82Z k k ππ∴=-∈a所以当1=k 时，min .8π∴=a数列1．证明：（Ⅰ）2+3=1+n n S S ,)1+(3=1+∴1+n n S S .又3=1+1S ,{}1+∴n S 是首项为3，公比为3的等比数列且*31,N n n S n =-∈.（Ⅱ）1=n 时，2==11S a ,1>n 时，)13()13(11---=-=--n n n n n S S a)13(31-=-n 132-⨯=n .故1*23,N n n a n -=⨯∈. （Ⅲ）()11211232311,1(31)(31)(31)3131n n n n n n n n b n ----⨯⨯=<=->-----)131131()131131()131131(21...1322121---+⋅⋅⋅+---+---+<+++∴-n n n b b b 11312121<--+=n . 2．解：（１）2121n n a n na n λ+-=+，1(1) 2.n n n a n na λ++∴=- 由{}n na 为等比数列，知2-n λ与n 无关，故0=λ.当0=λ时，数列{}n na 是以１为首项，以2-为公比的等比数列.（２）当3=λ时，23)1(1-=++n na a n nn .取n 为１，２，３，1,-n ，累乘得:)53(74111-⨯⨯⨯⨯=n a na n（2≥n ）.11,a =14(35)(2)1(1).n n n a nn ⨯⨯⨯-⎧≥⎪∴=⎨⎪=⎩，当2≥n 时，n n n n a a n nn a a >⇒>+-=++1111)23(.而80,56,50654>=<a a a ，5=∴m（３）当0=λ时，0121<+-=+n na a n n ， 说明n n a a 与1+异号，此时不存在正整数N ，使得当N n >时，有n n a a <+1.当0>λ时，必存在正整数0N （取大于λλ2493++的正整数即可），使得当0n N >时，有1122>+-n nn λ，即存在正整数0N ，使得当0n N >时，有11>+nn a a ； 因为存在正整数N ，使得当N n >时，恒有n n a a <+1成立，取1N 为0N 与N 的较大者，则必存在正整数1M N ≥，使得当M n >时，0<n a .∴存在正整数M ，使得当M n >时，有.0<n a立体几何1．证明：（1）连接11AC 交11B D 于1O ，连结1AO . 在平行四边形11AAC C 中，11//C O AO ，11C OAO =， ∴四边形11AOC O 为平行四边形. ∴11//C O AO .1C O ⊄平面11AB D ，1AO ⊂平面11AB D ，O 1OD 1C 1B 1A 1DCBAA∴1//C O 平面11AB D .（2）在直平行六面体1AC 中，1A A ⊥平面1111A B C D ， ∴111A A B D ⊥.四边形1111A B C D 为菱形，∴1111B D AC ⊥.1111AC AA A =，11AC ⊂平面11ACC A ，1AA ⊂平面11ACC A ，∴11B D ⊥平面11ACC A .11B D ⊂平面11AB D ，∴ 平面11AB D ⊥平面11ACC A .（3）过C 作1CH AO ⊥交1AO 于H . 平面11AB D ⊥平面11ACC A ，平面11AB D 平面11ACC A 1AO =，∴CH ⊥平面11AB D .∴AH 为AC 在平面11AB D 上的射影. ∴CAH ∠是AC 与平面11AB D 所成的角.设2AB =，在菱形ABCD 中，60DAB ︒∠=，∴AC = 在Rt 11AAO ∆中，1AO =11AO CH AC OO ⋅=⋅，∴7CH =.∴sin CH CAH AC ==.∴CAH ∠=H O 1OD 1C 1B 1A 1DCBA（3）解法二：连11AC 交11B D 于1O ，分别以OB ,OC ,1OO 所在直线为x 轴，y 轴，z 轴建立空间直角坐标系，如图所示. 设2AB =，在菱形ABCD 中，60DAB ︒∠=，∴AC =2BD =.则A （0，0），C （00）， 1B （1，0，2），1O （0，0，2）. ∴1AO =（02），1AB =（12）.设平面11AB D 的法向量=n （x ，y ，z ），则1100.AO AB ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩，n n∴2020.z x z ⎧+=⎪⎨++=⎪⎩，∴0x =.令y =32z =-.=n （032-）.设AC 与平面11AB D 所成的角为α.∴sin 7AC ACα⋅===n n .∴α=. 2．解：（Ⅰ）∵平面PCBM ⊥平面ABC ，AC BC ⊥，AC ⊂平面ABC ,平面ABC 平面 =P C B MB C ． ∴AC ⊥平面PCBM .又∵BM ⊂平面PCBM , ∴AC BM ⊥. （Ⅱ）取BC 的中点N ，则1CN =．连接AN 、MN ．∵平面PCBM ⊥平面ABC ，平面PCBM 平面ABC BC =，PC BC ⊥．B∴PC ⊥平面ABC ．∵//=PM CN PM CN ，，∴//,MN PC MN PC =，从而MN ⊥平面ABC ． 作NH AB ⊥于H ，连结MH ， 则由三垂线定理知AB MH ⊥．从而MHN ∠为二面角M AB C --的平面角． ∵直线AM 与直线PC 所成的角为60°，∴60AMN ∠=︒ ．在ACN ∆中，由勾股定理得AN在Rt AMN ∆中，cot MN AN AMN=⋅==．在Rt BNH ∆中，sin 1AC NH BN ABC BN AB =⋅=⋅==在Rt MNH ∆中，tan 3MN MHN NH ===故二面角M AB C --的大小为arc （Ⅱ）如图以C 为原点建立空间直角坐标系C xyz -．设0(0,0,)P z 0(0)z >，由题意可知(0,2,0)B ，(1,0,0)A ，0(0,1,)M z ． 0(1,1,)AM z =-，0(0,0,)CP z =由直线AM 与直线PC 所成的角为60°，得cos60AM CPAM CP ⋅=⋅⋅︒即200z z =，解得0z =． ∴(AM =-，(1,2,0)AB =-设平面MAB 的一个法向量为1(,,)x y z =n ，则由110,0,0.20.AM x y z AB x y ⎧⎧⋅=-++=⎪⎪∴⎨⎨⋅=⎪⎪⎩-+=⎩n n ，取z =1=n .取平面ABC 的一个法向量为2(0,0,1)=n则12cos ,<>nn 1212⋅===⋅n n n n由图知二面角M AB C --为锐二面角，故二面角M AB C --的大小为． （Ⅲ）因为PM //,BN PM BN =，所以PMBN 是平行四边形，所以//PN BM ，因为PN ⊄平面AMB ， 所以//PN 平面MAB .所以P 点到平面ABM 的距离等于N 点到平面ABM 的距离,111V 11332M ABN ABN MN S -∆=⋅=⋅⋅=又ABM S ∆=，由等积可知，1V 1836M ABN h -==⋅⋅，解得13h =， P 点到平面ABM的距离为13.方法二、(1,0,PA =，所以P 点到平面ABM的距离11||||PA d ⋅==n n概率 1．解：（Ⅰ）设“如果某客户只能使用A 或B 型号的A TM 机， 则该客户需要等待” 为事件M 111()326P M =⨯=答：如果某客户只能使用A 或B 型号的A TM 机，该客户需要等待的概率为61. （Ⅱ）设“至多有三台A TM 机被占用” 为事件N 111229()1322530P N =-⨯⨯⨯=答：至多有三台A TM 机被占用的概率为3029. （Ⅲ）ξ的可能取值为0，1，2，3，4. 10153212132)0(=⨯⨯⨯==ξP ,111321132113211219(1)322532253225322560P ξ==创?创?创?创?,1113111311122113(2)322532253225322521122112113225322530 P ξ==⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯=，601152212132522121315221213153212131)3(=⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯==ξP ,12111)4(=⨯⨯⨯==ξP ,15304603302601100)(=⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯=ξE .2．解：（Ⅰ）设“如果某客户只能使用A 或B 型号的A TM 机，则该客户需要等待” 为事件M . 111()326P M =⨯=.答：如果某客户只能使用A 或B 型号的A TM 机，该客户需要等待的概率为61. （Ⅱ）设“至多有三台A TM 机被占用” 为事件N . 111229()1322530P N =-⨯⨯⨯=.答：至多有三台A TM 机被占用的概率为3029. （Ⅲ）设“恰有两台A TM 机被占用” 为事件S .1113111311122113()322532253225322521122112113225322530P S =⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯=答：恰有两台ATM 机被占用的概率为3011.3．解：(1) 记“小明在第i 盘胜父亲”为事件A i ()1,2,3i =，“小明在第i 盘胜母亲”为事件B i ()1,2,3i =， 则()12i P A =，()23i P B =. 所以小明恰胜一盘的概率为()123123123P A B A A B A A B A ⋅⋅+⋅⋅+⋅⋅ 11112111112322322323=⨯⨯+⨯⨯+⨯⨯= 答：小明恰胜一盘的概率为13.（2）若与父亲先下，则小明获胜的概率为()12123P A B A B A ⋅+⋅⋅ 121211232322=⨯+⨯⨯=； 若与母亲先下，则小明获胜的概率为()12123P B A B A B ⋅+⋅⋅211124323239=⨯+⨯⨯=.∵1429>, ∴小明应先与父亲下.解析几何1．解：（Ⅰ）设动点),(y x P ，由题意知22)3(332334y x x ++=+.1422=+∴y x .即动点P 的轨迹方程是1422=+y x . （Ⅱ）联立方程组22(1),1.4y k x x y =+⎧⎪⎨+=⎪⎩得：0448)41(2222=-+++k x k x k .从而 2212221224816081444.14k k x x k k x x k ⎧⎪∆=+>⎪⎪+=-⎨+⎪⎪-⋅=⎪+⎩，，弦AB 的中点坐标为：)41,414(222k kk k ++-弦AB 的线段垂直平分线方程为)414(141222k k x k k k y ++-=+-. 所以垂直平分线在y 轴上的截距为：20413k ky +-=，()0k ≠.故弦AB 的线段垂直平分线在y 轴上的截距的取值范围为]43,0()0,43[⋃-. 2．解：（1）设()11,A x x ，()22,B x x -，(),P x y ，则由2AP PB =可得12122,(1)32(2)3x x x x x y +⎧=⎪⎪⎨-⎪=⎪⎩因为OAB ∆的面积为98，所以12129182OA OB x x ===12x x =. 22(1)(2)-得：2212819x xx y -==.所以，点P 的轨迹C 的方程为221x y -=.（2）显然)F 为C的右焦点，设其左焦点为()'F .连接','F M F N ，由双曲线的对称性可知四边形'F MFN 为平行四边形， 故3'ππ=∠-=∠MFN MF F .设1'MF r =，2MF r =.则由双曲线定义得： 122r r -=，即22121224r r rr +-=. 在'MF F ∆中，由余弦定理得： 3cos2212221πr r r r -+=82'=FF.两式作差得：421=r r .所以，MFN ∆的面积33sin 2121'===∆πr r S S MFF . （3）（理）当直线MN x ⊥轴时，:FN y x = 所以，直线MN的方程为x =MFNE 面积为14. 设直线:MN y kx m =+，代入221x y -=，消去y得：()()2221210k x mkx m ---+=.设()()1122,,,M x y N x y ，则()()12221222222,11,1410,10mk x x k m x x k k m k ⎧+=⎪-⎪-+⎪⎪=⎨-⎪⎪∆=-+>⎪-≠⎪⎩ 由0FM FN ⋅=得：2310k -+=.矩形MFNE 面积)()()22121221221321241k S FM FN e x e x x x x x k k -===++=-+- 若21k <，显然2S ≥，若21k >，则令2312t k =->，故()222912241242419t S t t t t =-+=-+>⎛⎫---- ⎪⎝⎭.综上所述，可知当直线MN x ⊥轴时，矩形MFNE 面积最小为14.函数、导数1．解：（1）由条件得f (2)=5，则（2，5）在)(x f 上，有512=+a 即.2=a112)(-+=∴x x x f （2）x ∈[2,3]时，f (x )≥bx 恒成立等价于)1(12)(-+=≤x x x x f b 恒成立，令)1(12)(-+=x x x h x ∈[2,3]，所以]25,613[)(∈x h613≤∴b 2．解：（1） ()4133f x x ax =+，故()12334133f x x ax -'=+=若0a ≥，则()0f x '>，因此()f x 在()0,+∞上是增函数． 若0a <，则由()0f x '>得4ax >-， 因此()f x 的单调递增区间是,4a ⎛⎫-+∞ ⎪⎝⎭，单调递减区间是0,4a ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭．（2）若4a ≥-，则()0f x '>（[]1,8x ∈），因此()f x 在[]1,8上是增函数．那么()f x 在[]1,8x ∈上的最小值是()11f a =+，最大值是()8216f a =+； 若32a ≤-，则()0f x '<（[]1,8x ∈），因此()f x 在[]1,8上是减函数．那么()f x 在[]1,8x ∈上的最小值是()8216f a =+，最大值是()11f a =+．所以()f x 在[]1,8x ∈上的最小值是344a f ⎛⎫-= ⎪⎝⎭ 当()()118216f a f a =+≥=+，即3215a -<≤-时，最大值是1a +；当154a -<<-时，最大值是216a +． 2．解：（Ⅰ）23()()1(0)f x t x t t t x t =+-+-∈>R ，，∴当x t =-时，()f x 取最小值3()1f t t t -=-+-，即3()1h t t t =-+-()0t >．（Ⅱ）令3()()(2)31g t h t t m t t m =--+=-+--， 由2()330g t t '=-+=得1t =，1t =-（不合题意，舍去）．当t 变化时()g t '，()g t 的变化情况如下表：()g t ∴在(02)，内有最大值(1)1g m =-．()2h t t m <-+在(02)，内恒成立等价于()0g t <在(02)，内恒成立，即等价于10m -<， 所以m 的取值范围为1m >． 不等式1．解：（I ）设函数()y g x =图象上任意一点(,)P x y ，由已知点P 关于y 轴对称点'(,)P x y -一定在函数()y f x =图象上，代入得224y x x =+，所以()g x =224x x +（II ）()()|1|2f xg x x +≤-22|1|x x ⇔≤-22110x x x ⎧≤-⇔⎨-≥⎩或22110x xx ⎧≤-⎨-<⎩1x x ∈∅⎧⇔⎨≥⎩或1121x x ⎧-≤≤⎪⎨⎪<⎩112x ⇔-≤≤ 2．解：（1）由112>+x ，得0112>+--x x 即011<+-x x . 解得11<<-x . ∴{}11<<-=x x A .由02)2(2<++-a x a x ，得0))(2(<--a x x . ①若2>a ，则=B （2，a ）；②若2=a ，则=B ∅；③若2<a ，则=B （a ，2）.（2）要使B A ⊆，则2<a .并且1-≤a .所以，当1-≤a 时，B A ⊆.。