语法精讲及练习 定语从句

定语从句：精讲精例精练一、定语从句及相关术语1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟它所修饰的先行词后面。

2. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

①关系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；②关系副词: where, when, why 等。

3. 关系词的作用：①引导定语从句；②代替先行词；③在定语从句中担当一个成分。

二、关系代词引导的定语从句1. who指人，在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom;指物时，相当于which。

在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?(6) Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?三、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for一(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.(6) We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that ;指物时用which, 不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose(1) The man with who you talked is my friend. (F)(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (T)(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)3. 介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.4. 介词+which/whom ,介词的选择方法：(1) 动词+ ?介词：talk +with/to/about/of ••-(2) 介词？ +先行词：at school/home on this day on the farm(3) 句子意思: behind/in front of/beside/next to/ ••- + the classroom四、关系副词引导的定语从句：主谓宾齐全，考虑关系副词when,where,why1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I don't know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) Great changes have taken place in the citywhee / in which I was born.五. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句的引导词：who(m), which, when, where, 介词+which/whom(*that, why不能引导定语从句)1. 限制性定语从句：句子必不可少的部分,没有逗号,翻译成1句。

2022届英语语法精讲精练微专题（定语从句）考点清单一、关系代词that和which要点精讲1：1.that用作关系代词，指人或物；在句中作主语、宾语，有时作表语；2.that用作关系副词，作方式状语（that相当于in which，可以省略），先行词是the way。

3.只用that不用which的场合：①先行词既为人又为物时；②先行词被序数词词或形容词最高级修饰时；③先行词是all, much, little, everything, nothing. anything等不定代词时；④先行词被only, very, little, all等修饰时。

【即时训练】用关系代词that或which填空。

1. I don’t like the way _______you speak to her.2. He is the only man __________ I can find for the work.3. He is no longer the man _________he was five years ago.4. The first English novel __________ I read was Gone With Wind.5. This is one of the most exciting football games _______ I have ever seen.6. John told his parents about the cities and the people _________ he had visited.7. (2018·全国II)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program ___ ___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers---and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.【答案与解析】1. that。

初中英语语法学习之定语从句相关考点与高频考点考点一、介词与关系代词连用作介词与关系代词连用的习题时，要看两点：一看先行词前需要什么介词，二看定语从句的谓语动词后需要什么介词。

最简单的方式就是将定语从句还原成一个独立的句子，结果就一目了然。

如：1、The place at which the bridge is supposed to be built should be where the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (定语从句还原就是：The bridge is supposed to be built at the place. 这样就可以判断引导词需要介词at。

也可以看先行词the place前需要介词at进行判断。

)2、I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction from which she had come.(从句还原就是：She had come from the direction，所以定语从句用from which 引导。

)3、There was a single person in the street to whom she turned for help.(从定语从句的谓语动词turn可构成词组turn to sb. for help 就可以判断应该填to whom。

)4、The man about whom I talked just now is from Beijing University.(根据定语从句的谓语动词talk判断后需要of或about，因此此处需要about/of whom)考点二、从句中的主谓一致当定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词必须与先行词保持一致，这时引导词与谓语动词的数无关。

定语从句语法讲解及练习教案一、教学目标1. 让学生理解定语从句的定义和作用。

2. 让学生掌握定语从句的引导词及其用法。

3. 让学生能够正确运用定语从句修饰名词或代词。

4. 让学生通过练习提高运用定语从句的能力。

二、教学内容1. 定语从句的定义和作用2. 定语从句的引导词：who, which, that, where, when, why等3. 定语从句的连接词：and, but, or等4. 定语从句的先行词：名词、代词、副词等5. 定语从句的倒装结构三、教学过程1. 引入：通过一个句子让学生猜测定语从句的作用。

2. 讲解：讲解定语从句的定义、作用和引导词。

3. 示例：给出一些定语从句的例子，让学生观察和理解。

4. 练习：让学生练习找出句子中的定语从句并解释其作用。

四、练习题1. 找出下列句子中的定语从句，并解释其作用。

a. The book that you gave me is very interesting.b. My friend, who lives in New York, is a teacher.c. The city where I was born is beautiful.d. The time when we met was unforgettable.2. 完成下列句子，使用定语从句修饰名词或代词。

a. I remember (1) _ (who) helped me when I was in trouble.b. The (2) _ (which) you gave me is very useful.c. Can you show me (3) _ (where) the library is?d. I like the movie (4) _ (that) we watched last night.五、答案及解析1. 定语从句的作用是修饰先行词，使句子更具体、清晰。

限制性定语从句讲义+练习定语从句--关系副词：①定语从句通常位于名词/代词之后，译为…的，被修饰的名词叫先行词。

②定语从句结构先行词+关系词+定语从句。

③定语从句的引导词，分为关系代词和关系副词：关系代词有：who、whom、that、which、whose定语从句缺主语，先行词是物，关系词用which/that定语从句缺宾语，先行词是物，关系词用which/that/省略定语从句缺主语，先行词是人，关系词用who/that定语从句缺宾语，先行词是人，关系词用who/whom/that/省略定语从句缺定语“谁的”，先行词是人/物，关系词用whose关系副词有why、where、when定语从句缺状语，先行词是原因，关系词用why；for which；that；省略定语从句缺状语，先行词是地点，关系词用where；介词+which（介词和先行词搭配）定语从句缺状语，先行词是时间，关系词用when；介词+which（介词和先行词搭配）定语从句缺宾语时：关系词可以省略，但介词提到关系词前时，关系词不可以省略，也不能用that，先行词是人，关系词用whom；先行词是物，关系词用which关系代词只用that的情况：定语从句缺主/宾语，而且先行词是程序问题不一定最多时关系代词只用that，且定语从句缺宾语时可省略程：多少程度+先行词（all、every、much、some、little、few、any、the very、the only、the same、the last、the right、no）/+不一定：先行词是不定代词最：最高级+先行词多：先行词是人+物限制性定语从句练习1. I have a friend has a good camera.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. he2. The man today left this message for you.A. calledB. has calledC. whom calledD. who called3. The man is our new teacher.A. whom you spokeB. whom you spoke toC. you spokeD. you spoke with whom 4.1 don,t think the number of the people this happens is very large.A. whomB. whoC. of whom5. Do you work near the building ______________ color is yellow?A. thatB. whichC. whose6. Here is the girl __________ school bag has been stolen.A. whoB. whomC. whose7. The number of people ______________ lost homes reached as many as 250000.A. whoB. whomC. whose8. It sounded like a trainwas going under my house.D. to whomD. itsD. herD. whichA. who9. The car ____________A. which 10. The boy __________ A. which11. The swimmer — A. whom12. The building _____ A. whichB. whichC. /D. whommy uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.B. whomC. whoD. whose___ we saw yesterday was John,s brother.B. whoC. whoseD. what________ you are asking about is over there.B. whichC. whoseD. what_______ window are bright at night is our school building. B. thatC. whomD. whose13. Is the river through that town very large?A. which flowsB. flowsC. that flowingD. whose flows14. The games in the young men competed were difficult. A. whom B. whose C. which D. that15. He helped his fatherA. whichon the small town B. that ___________ t hey lived.C. whenD. where16. That,s the Science Museum _______________ A. whereB. to whom_ we visited last year.C. whichD. in which 17. That,s the factory — A. where_______ we paid a B. to which visit last year. C. whichD. in which18. She likes to use words is clear to him. A. of which the meaning B. of which meaning C. whose of meaningD. meaning of which19. This is the house we used to sleep.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. when20. This was a time ____________ t here were still slaves in the USA.D. whereA. whichB. thatC. when21. Her sister, __________ you met at my home, was a teacher of English.D. /A. whomB. thatC. which22. I,m one of the boys ____________never late for school.D. who amA. that isB. who isC. who are23. He is the most boring speaker ____________ I have ever heard.D. whichA. whoB. thatC. whose24. Mr Anderson I thought _____________ died 3 years ago , is still living.D. whichA. whoB. whomC. that25. He is the last person __________ I want to see.D. whichA. whoB.whomC. that26.---Did you ask the guard what happened?---Yes, he told me all __________ he knew.D. whatA. about whichB.whichC. that27. John was the only one ______________ I had visited.D. whoA. whichB. thatC. whom28. The second book _____________ I want to read is Red Star Over China.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. as29. The boy handed everything ______________ he had picked up in the street to the police.D. whateverA. whichB. whatC. that30. There is nothing in the world ____________ c an frighten him.D. whomA. thatB. whoC. which31. Who ____________ knows him would trust him?D. whichA. whomB. thatC. who32. The man and the horse _____________ fell into the river were drowned.D. thatA. whichB. whoC. of which33. which of these trains is the one ___________ g oes to Nanjing?D. thatA. whichB. of whichC. of these34. Look at the girl and her dog ___________ are crossing the bridge.A. whichB. whoC. theyD. thatseven other people.35.The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage _____________ alreadyA. when there wereB. which there wereC. that there wereD. where there were36.I,ll never forget the days __________ I stayed in your beautiful country.A. whenB. in whichC. on whichD. on that37.September13,1931 is the day ______________ w e’ll never forget.D. thatA. whenB. on whichC. on that38. I know a place ___________ we can have a quiet talk.D. at whichA. whichB. whereC. when39. Is there any fruit shop nearby ___________ we can buy some fruit?D. at whichA. at thatB. at whereC. which40. I see no reason ___________ this can,t be done right now.A. butB. whyC. howD. which41. The building ____________ all elder university teachers prefer looks so beautiful.A. at whichB. whereC. whichD. on which42. You may stay ____________ _ you like.A. for how longB. for which timeC. at whichD. where43. The only language _______ ____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A. whichB. whoseC. thatD. it44. Have you seen the girl _ _________ ?A. that I toldB. I told you ofC. whom I told youD. I told you of him45.The dictionary ___________ is sold out in the bookshop.A. you needB. which you need itC. what you needD. that you need it46. Is this the shop _______ ___ sells children,s clothing?A. whatB. whichC. in whichD. where47. The company I visited last year was not the one I once worked.A. which ;whichB. where ;whichC. which ;whereD. where ; where48. The orphan came from a place __________is far from here.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. in which49. They rely on themselves, _____________ i s much better.A. whatB. thatC. whoD. which50. You are the very man _ ________ they are looking for at the moment.A. thatB. whichC. whomD. who51. He said he had read a book, ____________ was a lie.A. about whichB. whichC. of whichD. of course it52. They are the boys ______ ____ I went to school with.A. whichB. whereC. whomD. when53. __________ we know, more than seventy percent of the earth is covered with water.A. WhichB. AsC. WhomD. When54. He was in a traffic jam, __________ m ade him late for school.A. thatB. whatC. howD. which55. I don,t like the people _ ________ lose their temper easily.A. whoseB. whichC. whoD. whom56. You d better make a mark _____________ you have any questions ______________ you read a book.A. in the place; whileB. to the place; whereC. where ; /D. in the place where; when57. The reason he was late for school was that he had knocked down by a bike.A. whyB. whereC. whenD. that58. That was I wanted.A. whichB. the one whatC. the oneD. one which59.This is the largest clock in the world,the minute hand is six meters long.A. whereB. of whichC. whoseD. which60.Look! the dictionary,is red, is a birthday gift given by father.A. which coverB. the cover of whichC. the whose coverD. that the cover61.Do you still remember one evening a week ago I came to your room and borrowed a diamondnecklace?A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where62.Do you know the actor you saw playing Hamlet is now doing King Lear?A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which63. She didn,t tell us the reason _____ ____ she had given up the chance.A. for thatB. for whichC. for itD. because of which64. Who can think of a situation the idiom is often used?A. whereB. whichC. thatD. how65. They are carrying some empty boxes —_______ these books will be placed.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. as66. Bamboo grows best in the place ___________ —it is warm and rains often.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. as67. Is this museum some German friends visited last Sunday?A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one68. Is this the factory . __________ h e worked twenty years ago?A. whereB. thatC. whichD. the one69. Is this the factory __________ y ou visited last month?A. whereB. thatC. in whichD. the one70. Those not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A. learnB. whoC. that learnD. who learn71. Can you lend me the novel _____________ the other day?A. that you talkedB. you talked about itC. which you talked withD. you talked about72. Anyone ____________ _ this opinion may speak out.A. that is againstB. who are againstC. that againstD. who is against73. A room we do experiment is a lab.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. in that74. Mr Smith is one of the foreign experts who _______ ______ in China.A. worksB. is workingC. are workingD. has been working75. She had two daughters, _____________ b ecame doctors.A. all of themB. both of themC. all of whomD. both of whom76. Don,t talk about such things ____________ you are not sure of.A. thatB. whatC. thoseD. as77. They talked for about an hour of the things and persons they remembered.78. The children were all interested in they had seen in the exhibition.A. whichB. that allC. all whatD. all that79.is known to us all, the earth moves around the sun.A. ThisB. ThatC. ItD. As80. He was the man Master of the Game was translated.A. by whomB. by whoC. by whoseD. by him81. This is the very child parents were killed in the war.A. whoB. thatC. whoseD. whom82. The number of the visitors,we had expected, was well over two thousand.A. thatB. asC. whoD. where83. How do you like the book? It is quite different from I read last month.A. thatB. whichC. in whichD. the one84. The house roof was damaged has now been repaired.A. thatB. who,sC. whoseD. of which85. The building over there is a library ,is our gym.A. on the east of whichB. to the east of itC. on the east of thatD. east of which86. In our school there are one thousand students,40 percent ofA. whoB. whomC. whose87. He was the only one of the students late this morning.A. that wasB. that wereC. who was88. The legs of your desk at you are looking are broken.A. itB. thatD. which89. I will give your daughter a toy plane she would like to play.A. whichB. thatC. for whichD. with which90. The magazine Betty paid one dollar was very good.A. thatB. whichC. for whichD. to which91. My mother has a house in New York, _ A. whichB. where— __ she bought three years ago.C. thatD. whose92. We admired him for the way ______________ he faced his difficulties.A. in whichB. in thatC. whichD. how93. --What game is popular with them?--Themost is tennis.A. game they like it C. best game they like it94. Keep away from such things ______________ A. asB. thatB. best game they like D. game they like willdo you harm.C. to whichD. which 95. You can buy as many copies of this book _______ A. that B. as ______ you want. C. which D. for which 96. The freezing point is the temperature water changes into ice.A. of whichB. at whichC. on whichD. in which97. Because of my poor memory, all you told me has been forgotten.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. who are girl students.D. whichD. who wereC. theyA. thatB. whichC. whatD. as98.He returned home much sooner expected.A. whichB. thanC. asD. but99.Tom didn't take away the camera because it was just the same cdnee lost last week.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. as100.The foreign guests,were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A. most of themB. most of whomC. most of thatD. most of thoseKeys: 1-5ADBDC 6-10 CABAB 11-15 ADACD 16-20 CBAAC 21-25 ACBAC 26-30 CBCCA 31-35 BDDDD 36-40 ADBDB 41-45 CDCBA 46-50 BCADA 51-55 BCBDC 56-60 DACBB 61-65 CBBAA 66-70 BDABD 71-75 DAACD 76-80 DBDDA 81-85 CBDCD 86-90 BADDC 91-95 AADAB 96-100 BABDB。

高中英语语法讲解——定语从句(名师精讲必考语法知识点+实战训练，建议下载练习)一、先行词、关系代词和关系副词1．先行词(antecedent)就是被定语从句所修饰的名词。

在英语中，定语从句跟在被修饰词之后，所以被修饰词就是“先行”的词。

eg. The lovely girl often helps the old lady.She lives next door to our school.→The lovely girl who lives next door to our school often helps the old lady.→The lovely girl often helps the old lady who lives next door to our school.The lovely girl often helps the old lady.You met her at school yesterday.→The lovely girl (whom)you met at school yesterday often helps the old lady.→The lovely girl often helps the old lady (whom) you met at school yesterday.2．连接定语从句，要用关系代词(relative pronoun)和关系副词(relative adverb)。

关系代词和关系副词与连接词不完全相同，因为它们除了连接主句和定语从句，还在定语从句中代替一定的成分。

eg. The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.← The book is very interesting. I bought the book yesterday.I have visited the house where Andersen wrote The Emperor’s New Clothes.←I have visited the house. Andersen wrote The Emperor’s New C lothes in the house.二、关系代词1．who的先行词是“人”，在从句中代替主语。

高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题九：定语从句定语从句是比较重要的语法项目。

《2017年一般高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中将定语从句列为必考项。

全国卷新课标Ⅰ对定语从句的考查一般在语法填空和短文改错中，主要考查定语从句引导词的用法。

2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64题（语法填空）考查了定语从句引导词that/which。

2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第65题（语法填空）考查了定语从句的引导词when。

2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第70题（语法填空）考查了定语从句的引导词which。

基本概念：定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词、充当定语的句子叫定语从句。

因其功能相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句。

先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

关系词:引导定语从句的词，也叫引导词。

分为关系代词（who，whom，that，which，whose ,as）和关系副词(where，when，why)。

关系词要在定语从句中作某个成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。

限制性定语从句：对先行词起修饰限定作用的定语从句。

非限制性定语从句：对先行词或主句起补充说明作用的定语从句，通常引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开。

关系词及其意义：关系代词和关系副词功能有三个：①用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。

②关系代词和关系副词可作定语从句的一个成分。

关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语；关系副词可作状语。

③关系代词和关系副词在从句中代替在他前面的先行词。

一、关系代词引导的定语从句1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。

①The boys who are playing football are from Class One.②Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.③ That is the teacher who teaches us physics.2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。