英语多个形容词作定语时的排序问题
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多个单音形容词作定语的语序问题
刘晋利;张黎敏
【期刊名称】《太原大学教育学院学报》
【年(卷),期】2003(021)001
【摘要】两个或三个单音形容词作定语时的深层语义指向可以分为两种类型:合指中心语,表示同一事物具有两种或三种属性;析指中心语,表示同一事物的两个或三个次范畴.由于这两种类型定语内部单音形容词之间的逻辑关系不同,其定语的先后顺序也受不同因素制约:合指定语按认知规律排序,析指定语则按充分属性和必要属性前置、积极义前置、程级降幂和降调规则排序.
【总页数】3页(P44-46)
【作者】刘晋利;张黎敏
【作者单位】太原师范学院,山西,太原,030012;太原市教育学院,山西,太原,030001【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H03
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定语的位置及排序民勤一中付成明在英语表达中,一个名词常常会有一个或多个形容词或名词做定语来说明其性质、特征、用途等。
考生在解答与这种语言现象有关的题目时,常不知道怎样确定多个定语的排列顺序。
本文拟从九个方面予以探讨性解答,以资备考。
⒈前位限定词总在前面。
前位限定词是指many,much,any,some,no等表示数量的形容词,数词one,two,three…以及形容词性的物主代词my,his,her,…还有all,both,every等。
如:many Chinese students/two exiting days/my favourite English songs/both the young men等。
⒉主观词+客观词。
说话人对事物主观性评价的定语在前,客观性评价的定语在后。
如:our great powerful motherland/the beautiful large garden/a comfortable bright meeting room/many lovely clever children等。
⒊序数词+基数词。
碰到数词定语时,一般地,序数词在前,基数词在后。
如:the first three newcomers/the last few weeks等。
⒋少音节词+多音节词。
当几个形容词同时修饰一个名词时,还可以根据行文习惯,通过音节的多少来确定定语的顺序。
如:an old exciting story/my new Australian friend/two tall strong-looking policemen/a good effective method等。
⒌(制作)方式+材料+用途。
当有几个名词做定语时,常以这种方式排列。
如:my handmade glass tea cupboard/a newly-built stone store house/a well-equipped glass science lab等。
多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --出处--材料性质,类别--名词a small round tablea tall gray buildinga dirty old brown shirta famous German medical schoolan expensive Japanese sports car一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词;如果几个形容词的重要性差不多,音节少的形容词在前,音节多的方在后,在不能确定时,可参照下表:限定词+数量词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+ those + three + beautiful + large + square新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词old + brown + wood + table典型例题:1)Tony is going camping with ___ boys.A.little two otherB. two little otherC.two other littleD.little other two答案:C。
由"限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --性质--名词"的公式可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序,只有C符合答案。
2)One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.A. old Chinese stoneB. Chinese old stoneC. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。
3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?---- It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.A. few last sunnyB. last few sunnyC. last sunny fewD. few sunny last答案:B。
多个形容词作定语的排序多个形容词修饰名词时,其排序规律是:(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘性形容词+表示大小(长短、高低)、形状、年龄(新旧)的形容词+表示颜色的形容词+表示国籍或产地的形容词+表示物质材料的形容词+表示类别或用途的形容词+名词。
(Opshacom中op代表opinion,sh代表shape, a代表age, c代表colour, o代表origin, m代表material)如:a nice long new black British plastic penA very good big blue Chinese plastic swimming pool1. John Smith, a successful businessman, has a ________ car.A. large German whiteB. large white GermanC. white large GermanD. German large white【分析】选B。
按“大小+颜色+产地”的顺序排列。
2. ________ students are required to take part in the boat race.A. Ten strong young ChineseB. Ten Chinese strong youngC. Chinese ten young strongD. Young strong ten Chinese【分析】选A。
数词是限定词,应排在形容词前,排除C和D;又因strong是描绘性形容词,young表示年龄,Chinese表示国籍,故其先后顺序应为“描绘+年龄+国籍”。
3. The ________ house smells as if it hasn’t been lived in for years.A. little white woodenB. little wooden whiteC. white wooden littleD. wooden white little【分析】选A。
外教一对一英语中,多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序当两个或两个以上的形容词作前置定语时,形容词的排列顺序通常有一定的规则。
为了便于记忆,现将这一规则概述如下:限定词 + 描绘性形容词+ “大型(形)新式(色)国产材料” + 名词。
其中“大型(形)新式(色)国产材料”是按作前置修饰语的一连串形容词的先后顺序排列的,每一个字都包含一定的含义。
“大”指表示大小、长短、高低、年龄等的形容词;“型(形)” 指表示类型、形状等的形容词;“新”指表示新旧的形容词;“式(色)”指表示颜色的形容词;“国产”指表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词;“材料”指表示物质材料的形容词。
根据上述规则,我们就可确定一连串形容词的顺序了。
如:a beautiful big round new black Russian wooden table另外,我们也可以根据osacomu(阿萨克姆)这个词来记忆形容词的顺序。
在这个词中,第一个o表示opinion(看法、评价),s表示shape(形状),a表示age(年龄),c表示colour(颜色),第二个o表示origin(国籍),m表示material(材料),u表示use(用途)。
下面通过举例帮助大家更好地理解osacomu中各个字母的含义。
osacomu 例子opinion good, beautiful, lovely, niceshape long, short, round, square, narrowage old, youngcolour red, yellow, blue, white, black外教一对一 origin Chinese, Japanese, American, Frenchmaterial cotton, metal, goldenuse reading, writing。
高考冲刺英语知识点:形容词与副词关于形容词与副词这一考点,主要考查以下几个方面:1.考查形容词和副词的基本用法形容词在句中一般作定语、表语、补语,而副词在句中主要作状语。
2.考查形容词作定语的后置规律形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前,但下列三种情况形容词要后置:①形容词短语作定语时;②表语形容词作定语时;③修饰复合不定代词时。
3.考查多个形容词作定语的排序多个形容词修饰名词时,其排序规律是:(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘+大小(长短、高低)+形状+年龄(新旧)+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材料+类别或用途+名词。
4.考查副词在句中的位置规律副词修饰形容词或其它副词时,一般位于被修饰词的前面,但enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。
5.考查–ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别-ed形容词,通常说明人,意为“(某人)感到……”;-ing形容词通常说明事物,意为“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。
6.考查两种不同形式的副词的用法差异即考查与形容词同形的副词与形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别。
7.考查形容词和副词的比较等级。
8.考查比较等级的修饰语。
考点1:在具体的语境中辨析形容词与副词的语义从复现的频率来看,此点是高考对形容词、副词考查的第一大热点。
解答此类题关键是要分析具体的语境,结合基本词义、搭配等来选择正确的答案。
经过统计,常见常考的形容词和副词有(按频度排列):even; interested; interesting; yet; hardly; just; therefore; though; too; very; common; effective; either; ever; fair; however; less; more; nearly; only; purposefully; rather; still; such; surprised; surprising还有以下形容词和副词应当熟悉和掌握: a good many; a number of; acceptable; accidentally; actively; adequately; already; another; anxious; anyway; ashamed; attentively; bad; badly; besides; better; but; careful; changeable; cheap; comfortable; convenient; eagerly; easy; encouraging; enha-ncing; equal; even though; eventually; fairly; far; fewer; following; formally; friendly; gen-erously; gradually; heavily; historic; hopefully; immediately; inaccessible; individual; inevit-able; initial; instead; invisible; largely; never; next; no; normal; nowadays; obviously; ordin-ary; other; otherwise; patient; plenty of; prac-tical; promoting; proper; quickly; readily; reasonable; remote; seldom; seriously; short; so; stimulating; traditional; unavailable; unav-oidable; unfavorable; unfortunately; usual; va-rious; weak; well考点2:考查形容词、副词的比较级、最高级及前面的修饰语【备考清单】1) 比较级、最高级的选用及应用范围比较级、最高级常用于表示两者或多者间的比较。
英语中定语位置的10条规律在英语表达中,一个名词常常会有一个或多个形容词或名词做定语来说明其性质、特征、用途等。
考生在解答与这种语言现象有关的题目时,常不知道怎样确定多个定语的排列顺序。
本文拟从九个方面予以探讨性解答,以资备考。
一、前位限定词总在前面。
前位限定词指many,much,any,some,no,(a)little,(a)few等表示数量的形容词,数词one,two,three以及形容词性的物主代词my,his,her,⋯,还有all,both,every等不定代词。
如:1.m any Chinese students2.t wo exciting days3.m y favorite English songs二、主观词+客观词。
说话人对事物主观性评价的定语在前,客观性评价的定语在后。
如:1.o ur great powerful motherland,2.t he beautiful large garden,3.a comfortable bright meeting-room,4.a ny lovely clever children三、序数词+基数词。
碰到数词定语时,一般地,序数词在前,基数词在后。
如:1.t he first three newcomers,2.t he last few weeks3.一How was your recent visit to Qingdao?—It was great.We visited 8friends, and spent the days at the seaside .A.few last sunny B.1ast few sunnyC.1ast sunny few D.few sunny hst答案B。
四、少音节词+多音节词。
当几个形容词同时修饰一个名词时,还可以根据行文习惯,通过音节的多少来确定定语的顺序。
如:1) an old exalting story2) my new Australian friend3) two tall strong-looking policemen4) a good effective method.五、(制作)方式+材料+用途。
形容词作定语时的排序问题一般遵从如下规律: 如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词;如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多,则音节少的形容词在前,音节多的在后。
如: a small wonderful gift。
英语形容词排列顺序一直是一个比较复杂的问题,很多英语学习者发现难以找到适合自己的记忆方法。
一、最简单的!大小、长短、形状+年龄、新旧+颜色+国籍、出处+材料+用途、类别二、比较实用,又好记忆!大哥限描大,二哥形龄颜,小弟籍物类,同站名词前。
分别解释为:限:限定词。
the, my, a, this…描:描绘性形容词。
brave, beautiful, lovely, nice…大:大小、高低、长短等形容词。
big,large,small…形:形状。
round,square…龄:年龄大小、新旧、年代等。
young,old,new…颜:颜色。
red,blue,green…籍:国籍、地区、出处。
Chinese,America,Japanese…物:物质材料的形容词。
golden,wooden,wax…类:表示类别、用途。
medical,chemical,writing…一个旧的很漂亮的黑色的日本式的方形木制小写字桌A pretty little square old black Japanese wooden writing desk.一件漂亮的中式新的短装红羊毛外套A beautiful short new red Chinese woollen coat.三、巧记形容词排列顺序 在英语中,当名词有多个形容词修饰时,就有它们的先后顺序。
下面的口诀可帮你记住这一先后顺序,也是解题的关键。
限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老;颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后排; 其中,“限定词”包括:冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词,它位于各类形容词前。
它本身分为三位,即:前、中、后。
前位限定词有all、half、both、分数和倍数;中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等;后位限定词有基数词和序数词,但序数词位于基数词前。
形容词的排序形容词的排序形容词的位置:单个形容词作定语时,一般位于所修饰的名词或代词之前;但有些形容词,如:awake,alone,asleep等表语形容词作定语时,表示长、宽、高、年龄的形容词,修饰长度单位词或年数单位词时以及修饰由some,any,every,no和body,one,thing等构成的不定代词时,一般放在所修饰词之后;也还有些形容词,如:enough,nearby等作定语时,既可位于所修饰的名词之前,也可位于所修饰的名词之后,意思不变;还有些形容词,如:proper,present,select等作定语时,位于所修饰的词的前后意思不同。
多个形容词作定语时,形容词的排列顺序为:总括性形容词(all,both)+限制性形容词(指示代词,形容词性物主代词,冠词)+数词(序数词,基数词)+感官(描绘性)形容词+大小+形状+年龄,新旧+颜色+产地+材料+目的,用途,类别+名词或代词。
为了方便记忆:可用一句顺口溜来概括:总县(限)官,大行(形)令(龄),杀(色)国才(材),目的用途名词前。
如:all the first three good little young Chinese student writers(所有首批三位个子矮小年轻优秀的中国学生作家)a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella, the man’s first tow interesting little redFrench oil paitingssuch位于不定冠词a,an之前,位于no,some,many,few,one,two 等数词之后。
形容词短语作定语时,一般要放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。
…如:students brave enough to take this adventure course,students busy preparing for the final exams。
英语中多个形容词的先后次序在英语中,形容词可以用来作定语修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、特征或状态。
但是,当两个以上属于不同种类的形容词用以修饰同一个名词时,对于大多数学生来说,难以掌握。
笔者就多年来的英语教学,积累和总结了不同种类的形容词的排列顺序大致如下:1.说明用途的形容词放在最接近名词的位置。
如:writing desks 写字台tennis rackets 网球拍waiting room 侯车(机、诊)室conference halls 会议厅2.表示事物质地,人的国籍的形容词,放在中心词或上述短语之前。
如:Chinese writing desks 中国式的写字台steel and nylon tennis rackets 钢架尼龙网球拍Japanese writer 日本作家Chinese worker 中国工人Spanish leather boots 西班牙皮靴brick conference halls 砖结构会议厅3.表示新旧的形容词在前,表示颜色的形容词在后,都放在上述1和2两类短语之前。
如:black desks 黑色的书桌black writing desks 黑色写字台black Chinese writing desks中国式的黑色写字台old black Chinese writing desks 中国式的黑色的旧写字台new green Chinese glass ashtrays 中国式的绿色玻璃烟灰缸4.描写性的形容词,放在上述短语之前。
如:famous Japanese writer 著名的日本作家nice new white cap 漂亮的新的白色帽子ugly old brown Spanish leather boots 难看而破旧的棕色皮靴famous Japanese writer 著名的日本作家5.表示大小的形容词在前,表示形状的形容词在后,放在上述各类短语之前。
顺口溜以便好记忆:县(限定词)官(观点形容词)行(形状形容词)大(大小形容词)令(年龄新旧形容词)射(颜色形容词)国(国家等出处形容词)才(材料质地等形容词)。
巧记高考形容词作定语的排列顺序,屡试不爽二.多个形容词作定语的排列顺序 当名词前面有几个形容词作修饰语时,一般按下列次序排列:限定词+描绘形容词+形状+大小+颜色+国籍原材料。
有一个句子利用谐音可以帮助我们很容易地记这个顺序:县官行令杀(色)国才(国家的栋梁之才)。
(限定词+外观的词+形状+年龄大小+颜色+国籍词+材料)。
这个顺序可以说是屡试不爽。
三.比较结构中表示倍数和百分数的词的位置。
一般来说,这类词放在as ┉as 结构之前,也可以放在the size/length/width/depth/height 等之前。
如: three times as big as, thirty percent the depth of 等。
以下是一组关于词序、语序的高考试题,请你做做练一练:1.This _____ girl is Linda’s cousin. (2005年北京第23题)A. pretty little SpanishB. Spanish little prettyC. Spanish pretty littleD. little pretty Spanish2.What a table! I’ve never seen such a thing before. It is _____ it is long. (2005年湖北第28题)A. half not as wide asB. wide not as half asC. not half as wide asD. as wide as not half3.John is the tallest boy in the class,_____ according to himself. (2005年安徽第31题)A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eightC. as five foot eight tall asD. as tall five foot eight as4.______, Carolina couldn’t g et the door open. (2005年广东第23题)A. Try as she mightB. As she might tryC. She might try asD. Might as she try5.______, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. (2005年重庆第27题)A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may beC. Be a quiet student as he mayD. Quiet as he may be a student6. Only after my friend came ____ . (2005年福建第32题)A. did the computer repairB. he repaired the computerC. was the computer repairedD. the computer was repaired7.______ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. (2005年江苏试题)A. So curious the couple wasB. So curious were the coupleC.How curious the couple wereD. The couple was such serious8.John Smith, a successful business man, has a ______ car. (2004年辽宁试题)A. large German whiteB. large white GermanC. white large GermanD. German large white9.The _____ house smells as if it hasn’t been lived in for years. (2004年江苏试题)A. little white woodenB. little wooden whiteC. white wooden littleD. wooden white little10.______ students are required to take part in the boat race. (2004年浙江试题)A. Ten strong young ChineseB. Ten Chinese strong youngC. Chinese ten young strongD. young strong ten Chinese11.Why ! I have nothing to confess. ___ you want me to say? (2004年上海试题)A. What is it thatB. What it is thatC. How is it thatD. How it is that12.It was ____ back home after the experiment . (2004年湖北试题)A. not until midnight did he goB. until midnight that he didn’t goC. not until midnight that he wentD. until midnight when he didn’t go13. If I had ____, I’d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting place.(98全国)A. a long enough holidayB. an enough long holidayC. a holiday enough longD. a long holiday enough14.---How was your recent visit to Qingdao? (95全国)--- It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the ____ days at the seaside.A. few last sunnyB. last few sunnyC. last sunny fewD. few sunny last15. Paper produced every year is ____ the world’s production of vehicles. (98上海)A. the three times weight ofB. three times the weight ofC. as three times heavy asD. three times as heavier asKey:1.—5 ACBAB 6--10 CBBAA 11—15 ACABB巩固练习1._____ students are required to take part inthe boat race. (2004 浙江)A. Ten strong young ChineseB. Ten Chinese strong youngC. Chinese ten young strongD. Young strong ten Chinese2. John Smith, a successful businessman, has a_____ car. (2004 辽宁22题)A. large Germen whiteB. large white GermanC. white large GermanD. German large white3.Tony is going camping with_____ boys. (93全国)A.little two other B.two little otherC.two other little D.little other two4.—How was your recent visit to Qindao?—It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the_____ days at the seaside.(95 全国)A.few last sunny B.last few sunnyC.last sunny few D.few sunny last5._____ lessons were not difficult.A. Our few first short EnglishB. Our first few short EnglishC. Our few first English shortD. Few our first English short6. —Let me help you, Tom.—Thank you, I can do it. Here is_____ to hold all these things .A. a big enough caseB. an enough big caseC. a case enough bigD. a case big enough7. Mr Smith bought a_____ purse for his wife.A. small black leatherB. black leather smallC. small leather blackD. black small leather8.Excuse me. Can I borrow your_____ pencil box?A.blue cheap plastic B.cheap blue plasticC.plastic blue cheap D.plastic cheap blue9._____ flowers are used for decorations in the house.A. These all beautiful red smallB. All these beautiful small redC. These all red small beautifulD. All these small red beautiful10. In the dirty street, there are many_____plastics.A. white small flyingB. flying small whiteC. small white flyingD. flying small whiteKeys:1. A2. B3. C4. B5. B6. A7. A8. B9. B10. C。