Cause_value(路测使用)
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路测问题及处理方案1.覆盖问题莱山职业学院1800 2扇区越区覆盖路测过程中发现莱山职业学院1800的2扇区(22355)发生越区覆盖现象,经过检查邻区完整,并且邻区参数设置正常。
建议对22355的天线俯仰角在原来的基础上下压2度。
具体路测数据如下图所示:梅埠东现象:接收电平低分析:该地的服务小区为梅埠48522和陈家湖58443,接收电平过低,Rxlev_sub<-102dBm,属于弱覆盖区域。
解决方法:在现场调整梅埠二方向方位角130度,俯仰角4度,(调整为方位角100度,俯仰角2度)。
并且在此弱覆盖区域已开通禹王城基站(5896),信号覆盖很好。
复测结果很好,如下:汤河南现象:接收电平较低分析:弱覆盖解决方法:现场调整:后相庄基站一方向方位角顺时针调整20度,同时下压2度(原方位0度,俯仰1度),汤河基站方位:20、150、240度。
调整后复测结果如下图所示,天线调整后,弱覆盖区域有所较少,但两基站中间的区域覆盖仍然较弱,建议加站。
新华物流东南现象:接收电平低分析:弱覆盖解决方法:将新华物流二扇区俯仰角0度,方位角120,调整为方位角100度,俯仰角2度;调整后,在此路段转弯处覆盖效果有所改善,但仍有部分路段信号较弱,如要彻底改善,建议加站。
现象:在郯城3基站东面测试时发现通话信号弱质量差。
是由于该处电平较弱RxLev=-89dBm,距离基站只有1.5KM左右,TA=3,怀疑是阻挡造成。
解决方法:根据网络发展未来规划,在该处有增加基站设备的计划。
加站后可解决。
郯城城区现象:在郯城4基站和郯城5基站之间信号弱。
问题分析:在郯城4基站和郯城5基站之间信号弱,怀疑是阻挡造成。
解决方法:根据网络发展未来规划,在该处有增加基站设备的计划。
加站后可解决。
归昌基站北现象:手机占用归昌基站一小区信号时发现信号弱通话质量差。
问题分析:在测试中手机占用归昌58231小区后,信号弱质量差,分析发现主要是由于弱覆盖造成的RxLev=-98dBm,TA=7。
处理过程2004-11-24 0:01:27 刘业标以下是我知道的常见Disconnect / Release Cause :Cause Value Reason==============================================================31 BSS or MSC problem34(beforeAssignmentCommand) TCH Blocking34(after Assignment Complete) MSC Blocking41(after Assignment Command) BSS problem, especially DRI problem41(after Assignment Complete) MSC problem42 MSC Congestion44 BSS problem, especially the CIC blocking111 BSS or MSC problem2004-11-26 14:55:38 罗怀瑾以下为已知的CAUSE VALUE 集合1 Unassiagned number(未分配的号码(空号))3 No route to destination(无至目的地的路由)6 Channel unacceptable(不可接受的信道)16 Normal clearing(正常清除)17 User busy(用户忙)18 No user responding(无用户响应)19 User alerting,no answer(已有用户提醒,但无应答)21 Call rejected(呼叫拒绝)22 Number changed(号码改变)26 Non selected user clearing(清除未选择的用户)27 Destination out of order(终点故障)28 Incomplete number(无效号码格式(不完全的号码))29 Facility rejected(设施被拒绝)30 Response to status enquiry(对状态询问的响应)31 Normal,unspecified(正常,未规定)34 No circuit/channel available(无电路/信道可用)38 Network out of order(网络故障)41 Temporary failure(临时故障)42 Switching equipment congestion(交换设备拥塞)43 Access information discarded(接入信息被丢弃)44 Requested circuit/channel not available(请求的电路/信道不可用)47 Resources unavailable,unspecified(资源不可用,未规定)49 Quality of service unavailable(服务质量不可用)50 Requested facility not subscribed(未预订所请求的设施)55 Incoming calls barred within the CUG57 Bearer capability not authorized(承载能力未认可)58 Bearer capability not presently available(承载能力目前不可用)63 Service or option not available,unspecified(无适用的业务或任选项目,未规定)65 Bearer service not implemented(承载业务不能实现)MS2:始终处于空闲状态问题分析:CM Service被拒绝,原因是位置更新失败,或跨LAC以后手机未进行位置更新,或者交换机问题。
交换设备拥塞导致未接通问题分析报告问题描述:8月13日一8月15日期间,在路测中发现主叫呼叫建立成功后,CN 下发Disconnect(Cause_value : (42)Switching equipment congestion 交换设备拥塞)导致发生 3 次未接通。
问题分析:1.乐山钟楼-2未接通发生时间:2012-8-1309:39:26UE 在乐山钟楼-2小区下完成 RB 建立后,CN 下发Disconnect ( Cause_value :(42)Switching equipment congestion 交换设备拥塞)导致本次呼叫未接通。
从路测数据来看,当 时无线环境较好(PCCPCH RSCP=-45dbm,PCCPCH C/l=20db)。
具体路测信令如下图所示:2.岷江中街245号-3未接通发生时间:2012-8-1315:22:35UE 在岷江中街245号-3小区下完成 RB 建立后,CN 下发Disconnect(Cause_value : (42)Switching equipment congestion 交换设备拥塞)导致本次呼叫未接通。
从路测数据来看,当时无线环境较好 (PCCPCH RSCP=-51dbm,PCCPCH C/I=19db)。
具体路 测信令如下图所示:IL F存ANfl 軒BR bl rr F qMJrsfle--HzM 斗工“眼酣刊聆时13朝罚r —穴ba:旺珂臥CiH«^Prf*K迪邸戡Hdt.i ikiMh CiW)j rCC"Q1 T ■曲 U JUJ ■*I J 1M : WK *T M kitH■um d;l 」*^awE# MAH>£iKM|j FOCPOCirtlilion EE711 ICnflMffl3MI WRea*?倾丨一…dr Edr«nuiv.TKI^I ■aAWW■MiGlIflinipi-aa山£f T »1 W-M中e 和"inW B'1 * " ■ 1 1 r, I"「*■£.*ihE-h»l* - H E ・■ F*" r •」: I■< 1J Ji ?J B.—1-◎ =-*•建毡 a -ir 一 c 4'• I F 41 E 2 占« i.蠡広』R门■辖r 出w 吕豪■ ■ v園雷Aj — : 4 ::: BH-n-k«»n^ljB9llra fajj ■* h-J L£ _L i.*JCH 歸f :啤1J ^4MLtf hw*S*Ti4 •■ M 玛尸 * B 1*』(I0 \ ^Tste-J m :y 4.' I:吐 m*「・■■an -^ w* 11黑赴■«i :TtB i-i j. :j■! (i)1 ”二+j.- I N 1b«,UE 在乐山卫校-1小区下完成 RB 建立后,CN 下发Disconnect( Cause_value :(42)Switching equipment congestion 交换设备拥塞)导致本次呼叫未接通。
处理过程2004-11-24 0:01:27 刘业标以下是我知道的常见Disconnect / Release Cause :Cause Value Reason==============================================================31 BSS or MSC problem34(beforeAssignmentCommand) TCH Blocking34(after Assignment Complete) MSC Blocking41(after Assignment Command) BSS problem, especially DRI problem41(after Assignment Complete) MSC problem42 MSC Congestion44 BSS problem, especially the CIC blocking111 BSS or MSC problem2004-11-26 14:55:38 罗怀瑾以下为已知的CAUSE VALUE 集合1 Unassiagned number(未分配的号码(空号))3 No route to destination(无至目的地的路由)6 Channel unacceptable(不可接受的信道)16 Normal clearing(正常清除)17 User busy(用户忙)18 No user responding(无用户响应)19 User alerting,no answer(已有用户提醒,但无应答)21 Call rejected(呼叫拒绝)22 Number changed(号码改变)26 Non selected user clearing(清除未选择的用户)27 Destination out of order(终点故障)28 Incomplete number(无效号码格式(不完全的号码))29 Facility rejected(设施被拒绝)30 Response to status enquiry(对状态询问的响应)31 Normal,unspecified(正常,未规定)34 No circuit/channel available(无电路/信道可用)38 Network out of order(网络故障)41 Temporary failure(临时故障)42 Switching equipment congestion(交换设备拥塞)43 Access information discarded(接入信息被丢弃)44 Requested circuit/channel not available(请求的电路/信道不可用)47 Resources unavailable,unspecified(资源不可用,未规定)49 Quality of service unavailable(服务质量不可用)50 Requested facility not subscribed(未预订所请求的设施)55 Incoming calls barred within the CUG57 Bearer capability not authorized(承载能力未认可)58 Bearer capability not presently available(承载能力目前不可用)63 Service or option not available,unspecified(无适用的业务或任选项目,未规定)65 Bearer service not implemented(承载业务不能实现)MS2:始终处于空闲状态问题分析:CM Service被拒绝,原因是位置更新失败,或跨LAC以后手机未进行位置更新,或者交换机问题。
一、切换的定义及划分所谓切换,就是指当移动台在通话过程中从一个基站覆盖区移动到另一个基站覆盖区,或者由于外界干扰而造成通话质量下降时,必须改变原有的语音信道而转接到一条新的空闲语音信道上去,以继续保持通话的过程。
切换根据手机和基站测出的上下行电平质量和TA 值作为最基本的测量数据,根据切换判断算法和资源分配算法来决定是否应该切换和切向哪个小区。
切换是移动通信系统中一项非常重要的技术,切换失败会导致通话失败,影响网络的运行质量。
因此,切换成功率(包括切入和切出)是网络考核的一项重要指标,如何提高切换成功率、降低切换失败率是网络优化的重点工作之一。
根据不同的切换判决触发条件,切换可以分为紧急切换、负荷切换等5 类。
(1)紧急切换。
包括TA 过大紧急切换、质量差(BQ)紧急切换、快速电平下降紧急切换、干扰切换。
●TA 过大切换条件:服务小区的TA 大于等于紧急切换TA 限制。
●BQ 切换条件:服务小区的上行链路质量在滤波器长度时间内平均值大于等于紧急切换上行链路质量限制;服务小区的下行链路质量在滤波器长度时间内平均值大于等于紧急切换下行链路质量限制。
●快速电平下降切换在呼叫中电平突然下降时触发,触发条件:服务小区如果Value>B(Value:一个与滤波器参数A1~A8 相关的值,该值表示在一段时间内接收电平的变化趋势;B:滤波器参数)切换最后的MR6 已经低于边缘切换门限,则发生切换。
●干扰切换:也属于紧急切换,当接收电平大于一定值但传输质量又低于干扰切换质量门限时触发。
(2)负荷切换。
负荷切换触发要同时满足三个条件:系统信令流量小于允许负荷切换系统流量级别门限;需要切换的小区负荷高于负荷切换启动门限;接收切换的小区的负荷低于负荷切换接收门限。
(3)正常切换。
包括边缘切换、分层分级切换和PBGT 切换。
●边缘切换条件:服务小区已低于边缘切换门限;在边缘切换统计时间(如5 s)内,服务小区电平持续低于边缘切换门限(如4 s)。
目录第一章前言 (2)第二章切换流程分析 (5)一、小区内部切换(INTRA _CELL HANDOVER) (5)二、BSC内部小区间切换(INTRA_BSC HANDOVER) (6)三、MSC内部BSC间切换(INTRA MSC HANDOVER) (8)四、 MSC间切换 (11)第三章切换失败的原因分析 (13)一、连续的切换失败 (13)实例1 731医院的时钟失锁 (14)实例2 化工研究院时钟失锁 (17)实例3 沙沟DCS与东铁家坟DCS的同频同BSIC (18)注: LAPD和LAPDm中使用的帧类型以及它们的结构 (20)二、单独出现的切换失败 (21)1)连续多个下行Physical Information,超过系统设置造成失败 (22)实例:马家堡DCS1 (22)2)无下行physical information (23)A.同站不同小区之间将Synchronized Indicator置为True 23注:设置小区同步切换对切换流程的影响 (25)B.小区之间将Synchronized Indicator置为False (25)3)三层消息中出现HO_Complete后手机再上行发送HO_Failure消息 (25)4)其它可能出现的切换失败现象 (26)A.超过目标小区的最大服务距离,Cause: “handoverimpossible, timing advance out of range” (26)B.Cause: “frequency not implemented” (26)C.Cau se: “channel mode unacceptable” (27)D.lower layer 信道建立失败造成切换失败 (27)E.目标小区要求加密、VGCS等设置与源小区不同且在HO_Command中没有提及的 (27)5) Cause 3与Cause 111的对比 (27)结束语 (28)第一章前言在移动用户通话过程中为了使呼叫建立在最好的小区中以及为了使呼叫不至于掉话,就引入了切换的概念。
路测分析、优化案例一、路测分析1、DT常见问题✓弱信号覆盖✓弱信号质差✓强信号质差✓切换失败✓切换不正常✓掉话✓接不通✓硬件故障2、需考虑的主要因素进行DT分析时主要应考虑下列几个方面的因素:✓问题点的信号覆盖情况及无线环境;✓问题区域的干扰情况及干扰源的性质;✓相关各小区的硬件设置情况;✓相关各小区的各功能参数的设置情况;✓相关各小区的话务统计指标;✓相关各小区的OSS统计报告(MRR、NCS、CTR等等)。
注:这些因素可从电子地图、路测数据、STS话务统计及CDD上取得。
3、基本分析思路•分析问题路段所使用的小区是否为主覆盖小区。
✓若使用的不是主覆盖小区•主覆盖小区是否被HALTED(查话务统计、监控告警记录)•主覆盖小区的邻区是否定义不全(查小区参数)•同频BCCH造成误切•是否有非主覆盖小区覆盖过远造成(参数造成、天线造成)•无主覆盖小区•主覆盖小区是否拥塞(查话务统计)✓若已正确的使用主覆盖小区•硬件问题造成•频率干扰造成•参数引起(LAYERTHR、KOFFSET、KHYST、功控、定位等)•其他原因4、基本分析方法–弱信号覆盖–上/下行功率不平衡–硬件问题造成–频率干扰造成强信号–邻区同BCCH引起误切–乒乓切换问题–呼叫失败A:弱信号覆盖常见的造成弱信号覆盖的原因有:覆盖盲区;对于盲区覆盖引起的弱信号问题,一般来说当前服务小区已经是最合适的服务小区,那么我们可以查一下该小区的相关资料(功率、下倾角、方向角等),如果这些方面还有调整余地,可以进一步查看话务,如果话务较高,那加大功率和减小下倾角就要慎重考虑,必要时,可以考虑同时加载波。
如果调整会影响目前方向上的用户,可以考虑功分、分裂小区,或换高增益天线,或加高天线支撑竿甚至站型改造,同时要注意干扰问题。
如果上述所有方面均已没有调整空间,我们只能通过加建新站来增强覆盖。
对基站的选址,我们需要实地勘察。
有两点需要注意的:如果联通网络的信号覆盖较好,目前我们可以参考联通基站的位置;设计的基站地址最好有工业电源,因为利用太阳能的基站使用起来不够稳定。
切换失败原因手机在通话中为了保证通话质量,经常会切换到能够提供更好服务的小区上去,如果移动的距离较长,则会发生多次切换的现象。
虽然切换失败不等同于掉话,但在GSM网络中切换失败就意味着增加了网络的信令流量,并且也是掉话的隐患。
因此处理好切换关系,减少切换失败的任务是优化工作非常重要的一项环节。
在这一章里我们将从路测角度结合实例来分析日常工作中会遇到的切换失败的现象,并分析造成各种现象的原因以及相应的处理办法。
总的来说,在遇到切换失败事件时首先应该从HO_FAILURE消息中查找切换失败的原因解释(Causevalue),有些切换失败是可以直接查到切换失败原因的(可以详查GSM规范)。
但对于有些Cause value,如Cause value111(Protocol error,unspecified)、Cause value 3(Abnormal release,timer expired)等就无法定位具体原因。
对于这些情况,我们就应该再进一步的对信令流程、多种测量参数、统计报告以及测试现场的环境等进行综合的分析,从而进一步确定切换失败原因。
下面的大部分篇幅的分析解决办法都是基于这些无法定位具体原因的Cause value。
一、连续的切换失败测试中我们有时会遇到这样的情况:如图7所示,接连不断的出现切换失败,当测试工程师继续驱车向前行驶时,就可能导致拖带掉话。
从系统下行发送的Handover_Command消息中我们可以发现,目标小区都是同一个小区(或同一个基站的不同小区)。
此种现象一般都和基站或传输设备的时钟故障有关,但也有可能是同频同BISC的小区造成的。
二、单独出现的切换失败如上所述,面对连续的切换失败时,我们的目标比较明确,而且基本上都是与时钟等硬件有关,比较容易发现问题,也比较好解决。
而实际工作中,却存在着偶尔单独出现的切换失败现象。
出现这种现象的原因却是多种多样,我们在这一节中将针对不同的现象分析不同的原因,值得注意的是,虽然大多数单独出现的切换失败现象很相似,但通过对信令的分析(时间、帧号、信令内容等),就会找出切换失败的具体原因。
以下是对路测可能用到层三信令解释第三层(Layer 3)信令第三层信令是看网络运行情况的信息层,从第三层可以看到网络的个种动作:如:呼叫流程、拥塞、用户忙、位置更新等,系统信息总共有8个类型,Type1—4只出现在待机状态下,Type5—8只出现在通话状态下:1、System Information Type1小区广播信息,有该小区自身的频点,RACH的一些参数设置,祥见上图。
2、System Information Type2待机模式下小区的测量频点,(同频段,移动网有两个频段,GSM900和DCS1800),在通话模式下有另外定义的测量频点,也就是说一个小区可以在待机时做测量频点,而通话时不做测量频点,允许小区重选而不允许切换,反之也可以只允许切换不允许小区重选也可以,不过通常情况下待机和通话时的测量频点是一致的。
3、System Information Type2ter待机模式下小区的测量频点,(异频段,移动网有两个频段,GSM900和DCS1800),4、System Information Type 3小区广播信息,可以看到ATT、T3212、ACC、CRO、CRH以及ACCMIN等,祥见上图5、System Information Type 4小区广播信息,在这里可以看到小区的CRH、CRO、ACCMIN、MAXRET、CB、CBQ、PT 等一些参数的设置值,祥见上图。
6、System Information Type 5激活模式下服务小区测量频点,(同频段,移动网有两个频段,GSM900和DCS1800)只有服务小区有做该小区的测量频点,才会测量到该小区的信号,否则在邻区列表中不会看到该小区,也不会切换。
在我们平时路测当中,经常遇到强信号不切换,如果做了测量频点,可以很明了地看到有一个强的邻区信号,但是要是没有做测量频点的话就比较隐性。
7、System Information Type 5ter激活模式下服务小区的测量频点,(异频段,移动网有两个频段,GSM900和DCS1800)8、System Information Type 6通话状态下面服务小区的一些信息,他跟Type1 有点相象,还可以看到NCC Permitted; 9、System Information Type 7暂时没有见过。
附录 FGSM 无线资源管理的详尽原因Cause value = 0 Normal release;正常释放indicates that the channel is released because of a normal event.Cause value = 1 Abnormal release, unspecified;异常释放,没有具体说明indicates that the channel is released because of an abnormal event withoutspecifying further reasons.Cause value = 2 Abnormal release, channel unacceptable; indicates that the channel type or channel characteristics are not acceptable.Cause value = 3 Abnormal release, timer expired;indicating that the release is caused by a timer expiry. Cause value = 4 Abnormal release, no activity on radio path; indicating that some supervisory function has detected that channel is notactive.Cause value = 5 Preemptive release;indicates that the channel is released in order to be allocated to a call withpriority (e.g. an emergency call).Cause value = 65 Call already cleared;indicating that a handover is unsuccessful because the connection has beenreleased by the network or the remote user.Cause value = 95 Invalid message, unspecified;See Annex H, section H5.10.Cause value = 97 Message type non-existent or not implemented;See Annex H, section H6.2.Cause value = 98 Message not compatible with call state or message type non-existent or notimplemented;See Annex H, section H6.3Cause value = 100 Invalid information element contents;See Annex H, section H6.5Cause value = 111 Protocol error unspecified;See Annex H, section H6.8.ANNEX G(to Recommendation GSM 04.08)GSM specific cause values for mobility managementG.1 Causes related to MS identificationCause value = 1 Unallocated TMSI.This cause is sent to the MS if the MS identifies itself by a TMSI which is notallocated in the relevant location area and openidentification is notrequested.Cause value = 2 IMSI unknown in HLRThis cause is sent to the MS if the MS is not known (registered) in the HRL.Cause value = 3 Illegal MSThis cause is sent to the MS when the MS does not pass the authenticationcheck, i.e. the SRES received from the MS is different from that generated bythe network.Cause value = 4 IMSI unknown in VLRThis cause is sent to the MS when the given IMSI is not known at the VLR.Cause value = 5 IMEI not acceptedThis cause is sent to the MS if the IMEI given cannot be accepted by thenetwork.G.2 Cause related to subscription optionsCause value = 11 PLMN not allowedThis cause is sent to the MS if it requests location updating in a PLMN wherethe MS, by subscription is not allowed to operate.Cause value = 12 Location Area not allowedThis cause is sent to the MS if it requests location updating in a Locationnarea where the MS, by subscription, is not allowed to operate.G.3 Causes related to PLMN specific network failures and congestionCause value = 17 Network failureThis cause is sent to the MS if the MSC cannot service an MS generated requestbecause of PLMN failures, e.g. problems in MAP.Cause value = 22 CongestionThis cause is sent if the service request cannot be actioned because ofcongestion (e.g. no channel, facility busy/congested etc.) G.4 Causes related to nature of requestCause value = 32 Service option not supportedThis cause is sent when the MS requests a service/facility in the CM SERVICEREQUEST message which is not supported by the PLMN.Cause value = 33 Requested service option not subscribedThis cause ist sent when the MS requests a service option for which it has nosubscription.Cause value = 34 Service option temporarily out of orderThis cause is sent when the MSC cannot service the request because of temporaryoutage of one or more functions required for supporting the service.Cause value = 38 Call cannot be identifiedThis cause is sent when the network cannot identify the call associated with acall re- establishment request.G.5 Causes related to invalid messagesCause value = 96 Mandatory information element error.See Annex H, sect. H.6.1.Cause value = 97 Message type non-existent or not implemented.see Annex H, sect. H.6.2.Cause value = 98 Message non compatible with call state or message type non-existent or notimplemented.see Annex H, sect. H.6.3.Cause value = 99 Information element non-existent or not implemented。
See Annex H, sect. H.6.4.Cause value = 100 Invalid information element contents。
See Annex H, sect. H.6.5.Cause value = 101 Message not compatible with call state。
See Annex H, sect. H.6.6.Cause value = 111 Protocol error, unspecified。
See Annex H, sect. H.6.8.Annex H(to Recommendation GSM 04.08)Cause definitions for Call ControlH.1 Normal classH.1.1 Cause No. 1 "unassigned (unallocated) number"This cause indicates that the destination requested by the Mobile Stationcannot be reached because, although the number is in a valid format, it is notcurrently assigned (allocated).H.1.2 Cause No. 2 "no route to specified transit network" Note: For further studyH.1.3 Cause No. 3 "no route to destination"This cause indicates that the called user cannot be reached because the networkthrough which the call has been routed does not serve the destination desired.H.1.4 Cause No. 6 "channel unacceptable"This cause indicates the channel most recently identified is not acceptable tothe sending entity for use in this call.H.1.5 Cause No. 7 "call awarded and being delivered in an established channel"Note: Not supportedH.1.6 Cause No.16 "normal call clearing"This cause indicates that the call is being cleared because one of the usersinvolved in the call has requested that the call be cleared. Under normal situation, the source of this cause is not thenetwork.H.1.7 Cause No.17 "user busy"This cause is used when the called user has indicated the inability to acceptanother call.It is noted that the user equipment is compatible with the call.H.1.8 Cause No. 18 " no user responding"This cause is used when a user does not respond to a call establishment messagewith either an alerting or connect indication within the prescribed period oftime allocated (defined by the expiry of either timer T303 or T310).H.1.9 Cause No. 19 " user alerting, no answer"This cause is used when a user has provided an alerting indication but has notprovided a connect indication within a prescribed period of time.H.1.10 Cause No. 21 "call rejected"This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause does not wish toaccept this call, although it could have accepted the call because theequipment sending this cause is neither busy nor incompatible.H.1.11 Cause No. 22 "number changed"This cause is returned to a calling Mobile Station when the called party numberindicated by the calling Mobile Station is no longer assigned. The new calledparty number may optionally be included in the diagnostic field. If a networkdoes not support this capability, cause No. 1 "unassigned (unallocated) number"shall be used.H.1.12 Cause No. 26 "non-selected user clearing"Note: Not supportedH.1.13 Cause No 27 "destination out of order"目标故障This cause indicates that the destination indicated by the Mobile Stationcannot be reached because the interface to the destination is not functioningcorrectly. The term "not functioning correctly" indicates that a signallingmessage was unable to be delivered to the remote user; e.g., a physical layeror data link layer failure at the remote user, user equipment off-line, etc.H.1.14 Cause No. 28 "invalid number format (incomplete number)"This cause indicates that the called user cannot be reached because the calledparty number is not a valid format or is not complete.H.1.15 Cause No. 30 "response to STATUS ENQUIRY"This cause is included in STATUS messages if the message is sent in response toa STATUS ENQUIRY message. See also section 5.5.3.H.1.17 Cause No. 31 "normal, unspecified"This cause is used to report a normal event only when no other cause in thenormal class applies.H.2 Resource unavailable classH.2.1 Cause No. 34 "no circuit/channel available"This cause indicates that there is no appropriatecircuit/channel presentlyavailable to handle the call.H.2.2 Cause No. 38 "network out of order"This cause indicates that the network is not functioning correctly and that thecondition is likely to last a relatively long period of time; e.g., immediatelyre- attempting the call is not likely to be successful.H.2.3 Cause No. 41 "temporary failure"This cause indicates that the network is not functioning correctly and that thecondition is not likely to last a long period of time; e.g.,the Mobile Stationmay wish to try another call attempt almost immediately.H.2.4 Cause No. 42 "switching equipment congestion"This cause indicates that the switching equipment generating this cause isexperiencing a period of high traffic.H.2.5 Cause No. 43 "access information discarded"This cause indicates that the network could not deliver access information tothe remote user as requested; i.e., a user-to-user information, low layercompatibility, high layer compatibility, or sub-address as indicated in thediagnostic.It is noted that the particular type of access information discarded isoptionally included in the diagnostic.H.2.6 Cause No. 44 "requested circuit/channel not available"This cause is returned when the circuit or channel indicated by the requestingentity cannot be provided by the other side of the interface.H.2.7 Cause No. 47 "resource unavailable, unspecified" This cause is used to report a resource unavailable event only when no othercause in the resource unavailable class applies.H.3 Service or option not available classH.3.1 Cause No. 57 "bearer capability not authorized"This cause indicates that the Mobile Station has requested a bearer capabilitywhich is implemented by the equipment which generated this cause but the MobileStation is not authorized to use.H.3.2 Cause No. 58 "bearer capability not presently available"This cause indicates that the Mobile Station has requested a bearer capabilitywhich is implemented by the equipment which generated this cause but which isnot available at this time.H.3.3 Cause No. 63 "service or option not available, unspecified"This cause is used to report a service or option not available event only whenno other cause in the service or option not available class applies.H.4 Service or option not implemented classH.4.1 Cause No. 65 "bearer service not implemented"This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause does not support thebearer capability requested.H.4.2 Cause No. 66 "channel type not implemented"Note: Not supportedH.4.3 Cause No. 70 "only restricted digital information bearer capability is available"This cause indicates that one equipment has requested an unrestricted bearerservice, but that the equipment sending this cause only supports the restrictedversion of the requested bearer capability.H.4.4 Cause No. 79 "service or option not implemented, unspecified"This cause is used to report a service or option not implemented event onlywhen no other cause in the service or option not implemented class applies.H.5 Invalid message (e.g., parameter out of range) class H.5.1 Cause No. 81 "invalid call reference value"This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received amessage with a call reference which is not currently in use on the MS-networkinterface.H.5.2 Cause No. 82 "identified channel does not exist" Note: Not supportedH.5.3 Cause No. 83 "a suspended call exists, but this call identity does not"Note: Not supportedH.5.4 Cause No. 84 "call identity in use"Note: Not supportedH.5.5 Cause No. 85 "no call suspended"Note: Not supportedH.5.6 Cause No. 86 "call having the requested callidentity has been cleared"Note: Not supportedH.5.7 Cause No. 88 "incompatible destination"This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received arequest to establish a call which has low layer compatibility, high layercompatibility, or other compatibility attributes (e.g., data rate) which cannotbe accomodated.H.5.8 Cause No. 91 "invalid transit network selection" Note: For further studyH.5.9 Cause No. 94 "incomplete segmented message"Note: Not supported, no segmentation at layer 3H.5.10 Cause No. 95 "invalid message, unspecified"This cause is used to report an invalid message event only when no other causein the invalid message class applies.H.6 Protocol error (e.g., unknown message) classH.6.1 Cause No. 96 "mandatory information element error" This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received amessage where a mandatory information element is missingand/or has a contenterror (the two cases are undistinguishable).H.6.2 Cause No. 97 "message type non-existent or not implemented"This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received amessage with a message type it does not recognize either because this is amessage not defined or defined but not implemented by the equipment sendingthis cause.H.6.3 Cause No. 98 "message not compatible with call state or message type non-existentor not implemented"This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received amessage such that the procedures do not indicate that this is a permissiblemessage to receive while in the call state, or a STATUS message was receivedindicating an incompatible call state.H.6.4 Cause No. 99 "information element non-existent or not implemented"This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received amessage which includes information elements not recognized because theinformation element identifier is not defined or it is defined but notimplemented by the equipment sending the cause. However, the informationelement is not required to be present in the message in order for the equipmentsending the cause to process the message.H.6.5 Cause No. 100 "invalid information element contents" This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received aninformation element which it has implemented; however, one or more of thefields in the information element are coded in such a way which has not beenimplemented by the equipment sending this cause.H.6.6 Cause No. 101 "message not compatible with call state"This cause indicates that a message has been received which is incompatiblewith the call state.H.6.7 Cause No. 102 "recovery on timer expiry"This cause indicates that a procedure has been initiated bythe expiry of atimer in association with Rec. 04.08 error handling procedures.H.6.8 Cause No. 111 "protocol error, unspecified"This cause is used to report a protocol error event only when no other cause inthe protocol error class applies.H.7 Interworking classH.7.1 Cause No. 127 "Interworking, unspecified"This cause indicates that there has been interworking with a network which doesnot provide causes for actions it takes; thus, the precise cause for a messagewhich is being sent cannot be ascertained.。