Jane Austen生平简介

商英三班丁立萍110133010305Jane AustenJane Austen(1775-1817) is an English novelist. She was born in a small country, and her father is a local priest. Austen had never attended normal school, and she just read lots of literature through the guidance of her parents. She started out to writing at her twenties and published six long novels. Sense and Sensibility, which is her maiden work published at 1811, after that, she also published Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814), and Emma (1815). Northanger Abbey and Persuasion (1818) hadn’t published until after she passed away two years, and which were signed writer’s name. In these works, Pride and Prejudice is a typical one of its early stages, and the rest are later works, and the most prestigious one is Emma.Austen didn’t get married in her life time. Because her personal condition that she lived in small country and in her most time touched with landowner and priests, those people are lived in a quiet and peaceful place, so, in her works, we cannot see much social conflict. Most of her novels are full of humorous and happiness, although most works are related to romance, and it was called custom novel, most still love to read them.My favorite book is Pride and Prejudice, which was wrote in simple words and beautiful sentences, but it shows a complicated story to readers, the whole book was wrote around two words pride, prejudice, it tells a romantic story about Elizabeth and Darcy and their families. From the story, we can found simplest love and truth.She is a great woman and writer who is worth us to study and worship.。

简·奥斯汀：生活与作品1. 简介简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen，1775年-1817年）是英国文学史上最重要的女性小说家之一。

她以描写英国社会庶民生活和情感问题著称，其作品具有深刻的细腻情感描写和幽默的观察力。

本文将从奥斯汀的生平和文学作品两个方面进行研究。

2. 生平简·奥斯汀出生于一个中产阶级家庭，在兄妹中排行第七。

奥斯汀一生过得相对平静，没有结婚也没有孩子。

她主要在家庭中度过，并很少参与社交活动。

尽管如此，她通过书信保持与朋友和亲戚的联系，并表达了对时事、文学及家庭生活的看法。

3. 文学作品3.1 《傲慢与偏见》《傲慢与偏见》是简·奥斯汀最著名的小说之一，讲述了伊丽莎白·班内特与达西先生之间错综复杂的爱情故事。

奥斯汀以犀利的观察力揭露社会中的傲慢和偏见，同时也展现了女性对自由选择和尊严的追求。

3.2 《理智与情感》《理智与情感》是奥斯汀首次出版的小说，讲述了埃莉诺和玛丽安两姐妹之间在爱情、财产和家庭关系上的挫折和奋斗。

该作品彰显了奥斯汀对生活中理性思考与情感表达之间的关系有着独特见解，并深入探讨了社会压力、经济实用主义与人性善良之间的矛盾。

3.3 其他作品除了以上两部作品，简·奥斯汀还创作了一系列其他优秀小说，如《诺桑觉寺》、《劝导》等。

这些作品都以其细腻入微地描绘人物心理和社会风貌而闻名于世。

4. 影响简·奥斯汀的作品不仅在当时引起了广泛关注，而且至今仍然受到全球读者的热爱。

她对小说写作的贡献在于将庶民生活和真实感情带入文学作品，打破当时对于女性作家的刻板印象。

她塑造的深入人心的角色和细腻入微的情感描写成为后世文学创作的重要参考。

5. 结语简·奥斯汀以她细腻独到的文笔，以及对社会庶民生活和情感问题的洞察力，在英国和全球文学界留下了不可磨灭的印记。

通过研究奥斯汀的生平和作品，我们可以更好地理解这位杰出女作家所承载的思想与价值观，并欣赏她独特、雅致而又充满智慧的写作风格。

小奥汀小奥汀（Jane Austen）是英国文学史上最受欢迎的女性小说家之一，她以描绘19世纪家庭生活和社会关系著称。

她的作品充满了幽默，深入探讨了女性在当时社会中的地位和角色。

本文将介绍小奥汀的生平以及她的作品对现代文学的影响。

小奥汀于1775年出生在英国斯蒂夫顿（Steventon）的一个牧师家庭中，她是家中七个孩子中的第二个女儿。

小奥汀在家庭的温馨环境中长大，她的父亲是一位牧师，母亲则负责家务。

小奥汀从小就展现出文学的才华和对书籍的热爱。

她激发了她开始创作小说的欲望。

小奥汀的处女作《感性与理性》于1811年出版，这部小说展现了她透彻的洞察力和对人性的了解。

小说讲述了两个姐妹艾莉娅和玛丽安，她们分别代表了感性和理性。

这部小说通过角色的对比，揭示了社会对女性的束缚以及婚姻对于女性的重要性。

小奥汀通过幽默和细致入微的描写，展现了女性在当时社会中的局限和挣扎。

小奥汀的第二部作品《劝导》于1814年出版，这部小说讲述了主人公艾玛·伍德豪斯的生活和爱情故事。

小说中，小奥汀对社会阶层的描绘令人深思，她展示了女性对于爱情和婚姻的无奈和依赖。

和其他小奥汀的作品一样，《劝导》中的角色富有个性和魅力，给读者留下了深刻的印象。

小奥汀的作品在当时并不被广泛认可，她的小说被认为是“小女子的玩意儿”，并未受到很大的关注。

然而，随着时间的推移，小奥汀的作品开始获得了更多的赞誉和认可。

她的小说具有独特的风格和语言，描绘了当时社会的现实和女性的处境。

她对婚姻和社会阶级的描绘令人深思。

小奥汀的作品对于现代文学产生了重要的影响。

她的小说在塑造女性角色和女性关系方面开创了先河，为后来的女性作家铺平了道路。

小奥汀的作品也启发了后来的浪漫主义文学和现代小说的发展。

她通过真实而生动的描写，捕捉到了当时社会的精神和价值观。

小奥汀将她对社会的观察和思考融入到她的作品中，她独特的写作风格和对人性的深刻洞察力使她成为文学史上不可忽视的存在。

英国作家简奥斯汀的历史故事简奥斯汀（Jane Austen）是英国文学史上著名的女作家之一，她以她的历史故事和关于社会礼仪的描写而闻名于世。

简·奥斯汀于1775年12月16日出生在英国汉普郡的斯蒂文顿，是一个贫穷的贵族家庭的女儿。

她的作品具有独特的幽默感和对人性的深刻洞察力，被公认为英国文学的经典之作，而且至今仍然受到广大读者的喜爱。

简·奥斯汀的作品多以女性为主角，描绘了当时英国社会的一些令人头疼的问题，比如女性的婚姻和经济地位的局限，社会等级的固化以及面对爱情时的选择困境等等。

她的作品常常通过她精细入微的观察和调侃的手法描绘了这些问题，以幽默的方式嘲笑社会的荒谬和虚伪。

尽管她的作品写于两个世纪之前，但是其中许多主题和情节至今仍然有深入人心的共鸣。

《傲慢与偏见》是简·奥斯汀最著名的作品之一，也是她最受欢迎的小说之一。

这部小说以女主人公伊丽莎白·班纳特的婚姻为线索展开，通过她与富有但自大的达西先生之间的对话和争吵，讲述了一个爱情故事的同时，也呈现了当时社会上的封建观念和各个人物的性格特点。

奥斯汀通过娴熟的描写和对话，将人物的内心世界展现得淋漓尽致，使读者对人物的行为和动机产生共鸣。

简·奥斯汀的作品也有一些经典的特点。

首先，她的作品往往注重对细节的刻画，对当时社会各个阶层的生活和礼仪进行了深入研究，并将这些细节融入到故事情节中，使得小说更具真实感和可信度。

其次，奥斯汀的作品充满了讽刺和幽默，通过对社会习俗和人性弱点的调侃，表达了她对社会现象的看法。

最后，奥斯汀的作品通常以爱情为主题，表达了她对爱情的理解和对婚姻制度的思考。

除了《傲慢与偏见》，简·奥斯汀的其他著名作品还包括《理智与情感》、《劝导》、《诺桑觉寺》等等。

这些作品都以女性的视角写作，揭示了当时英国社会中女性的生存状态和社会地位的局限。

她的作品不仅具有文学价值，也为后来的作家提供了灵感和启示。

Jane Austen 简•奥斯丁(1775-1817)：◆Introduction：奥斯丁兄弟姐妹八人。

父亲在该地担任了四十多年的教区长。

他是个学问渊博的牧师，妻子出身于比较富有的家庭，也具有一定的文化修养。

因此，奥斯丁虽然没有进过正规学校，但是家庭的优良条件和读书环境，给了她自学的条件，培养了她写作的兴趣。

她在十三四岁就开始写东西，显示了她在语言表达方面的才能。

奥斯丁终身未婚，家道小康。

由于居住在乡村小镇，接触到的是中小地主、牧师等人物以及他们恬静、舒适的生活环境，因此她的作品里没有重大的社会矛盾。

她以女性特有的细致入微的观察力，真实地描绘了她周围世界的小天地，尤其是绅士淑女间的婚姻和爱情风波。

她的作品格调轻松诙谐，富有戏剧性冲突，深受读者欢迎。

简·奥斯丁是“第一个现实地描绘日常平凡生活中平凡人物的小说家”，（她的作品）反映了当时英国中产阶级生活的喜剧，显示了‘家庭’文学的可能性。

她多次探索青年女主角从恋爱到结婚中自我发现的过程。

这种着力分析人物性格以及女主角和社会之间紧张关系的做法，使她的小说摆脱十八世纪的传统而接近于现代的生活。

现代评论家也赞佩奥斯丁小说的高超的组织结构，以及她能于平凡而狭窄有限的情节中揭示生活的悲喜剧的精湛技巧。

她的小说出现在19世纪初叶，一扫风行一时的假浪漫主义潮流，继承和发展了英国18世纪优秀的现实主义传统，为19世纪现实主义小说的高潮做了准备。

在英国小说的发展史上有承上启下的意义，被誉为地位“可与莎士比亚平起平坐的作家。

”◆Works：Sense and Sensibility, 1811 《理智与情感》(又名)《理性与感性》Pride and Prejudice, 1813 《傲慢与偏见》（原名：《最初的印象》First Impression）Mansfield Park, 1814 《曼斯菲尔德庄园》Emma, 1816 《爱玛》Northanger Abbey, 1818 《诺桑觉寺》Persuasion, 1818 《劝导》◆Appreciation: Pride and Prejudice,《傲慢与偏见》CHAPTER 1It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.“My dear Mr. Bennet,” said his lady to him one day, "have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?"Mr. Bennet replied that he had not.“But it is,” returned she; “for Mrs. Long has just been here, and she told me all about it.”Mr. Bennet made no answer.“Do not you want to know who has taken it?" cried his wife impatiently.“Y ou want to tell me, and I h ave no objection to hearing it.”This was invitation enough.“Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the northagreed with Mr. Morris immediately; that he is to take possession before Michaelmas, and some of his servants are to be in the house by the end of next week."“What is his name?”“Bingley.”“Is he married or single?”“Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!”“How so? How can it affect them?”“My dear Mr. Bennet,” replied his wife, “how can you be so tiresome! You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them.”“Is th at his design in settling here?”“Design! Nonsense, how can you talk so! But it is very likely that he may fall in love with one of them, and therefore you must visit him as soon as he comes."“I see no occasion for that. You and the girls may go, or you may send them by themselves, which perhaps will be still better, for as you are as handsome as any of them, Mr. Bingley might like you the best of the party."“My dear, you flatter me. I certainly have had my share of beauty, but I do not pretend to be anything extraordinary now. When a woman has five grown-up daughters, she ought to give o ver thinking of her own beauty.”“In such cases, a woman has not often much beauty to think of.”“But, my dear, you must indeed go and see Mr. Bingley when h e comes into the neighbourhood.”“It is more than I engage for, I ass ure you.”“But consider your daughters. Only think what an establishment it would be for one of them. Sir William and Lady Lucas are determined to go, merely on that account, for in general you know they visit no new comers. Indeed you must go, for it will be impossible for us to visit him, if you do not.”“You are over scrupulous, surely. I dare say Mr. Bingley will be very glad to see you; and I will send a few lines by you to assure him of my hearty consent to his marrying whichever he chooses of the girls; though I must throw in a good word for my little Lizzy.”“I desire you will do no such thing. Lizzy is not a bit better than the others; and I am sure she is not half so handsome as Jane, nor half so good humoured as Lydia. But you are always giving her the preference."“They have none of them much to recommend them,” replied he; “they are all silly and ignorant like other girls; but Lizzy has something more of quickness than her sisters.”“Mr. Bennet, how can you abuse your own children in such a way? You take delight in vexing me. You have no compassion for my poor nerves.”“You mistake me, my dear. I have a high respect for your nerves. They are my old friends. I have heard you mention them with consideration these last twenty years at least.”“Ah! You do not know what I suffer.”“But I hope you will get over it, and live to see many young men of four thousand a year come into the neighbourhood.”“It will be no use to us, if twenty such should come, since you will not visit them.”“Depend upon it, my dear, that when there are twenty, I will visit them all.”Mr. Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humour, reserve, and caprice, that the experience of three-and-twenty years had been insufficient to make his wife understand his character. Her mind was less difficult to develop. She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper. When she was discontented, she fancied herself nervous. The business of her life was to get her daughters married; its solace was visiting and news.其它浪漫主义诗歌赏析:The Sick Rose-------William BlakeO Rose, thou art sick.The invisible wormThat flies in the nightIn the howling stormHas found out thy bedOf crimson joy,And his dark secret loveDoes thy life destroy.A Red, Red Rose-------Robert Burns1O, my luve’s like a red, red rose,That’s newly sprung in June. O, my luve’s like the melodie,That’s sweetly play’d in tune.2As fair art thou, my bonie lass,So deep in luve am I,And I will luve thee still, my dear,Till a’the seas gang dry.3Till a’the seas gang dry, my dear,And the rocks melt wi’ the sun, O, I will luve thee still, my dear,While the sands o’life shall run.4And fare thee weel, my only luve,And fare thee weel a while! And I will come again, my luve,Tho’ it were ten thousand mile!She Walks in Beauty-------ByronShe walks in beauty, like the nightOf cloudless climes and starry skies; And all that’s best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes:Thus mellow’d to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day denies.One shade the more, one ray the less, Had half impair’d the nameless grace Which waves in every raven tress,Or softly lightens o’er her face;Where thoughts serenely sweet express How pure, how dear their dwelling-place.And on that cheek, and o’er that brow, So soft, so calm, yet eloquent,The smiles that win, the tints that glow, But tell of days in goodness spent,A mind at peace with all below.A heart whose love is innocent!。

简·奥斯汀英文简介简·奥斯汀,英国女小说家，主要作品有《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》等。

下面是店铺为你整理的简·奥斯汀英文简介，希望对你有用! 简·奥斯汀简介Jane Austen (December 16, 1775 - July 18, 1817), the British female novelist, the main works are "arrogance and prejudice", "reason and emotion" and so on.Jane Austen wrote her first novel at the age of 21, titled "The Initial Impression", she publishes the publisher with no results. In this year, she began to write "Eleanor and Marian", after she wrote "Nuosangjue Temple", written in 1799. Ten years later, the "initial impression" was rewritten, renamed "arrogance and prejudice", "Eleanor and Marianne" after rewriting, renamed "reason and emotion", were published. As for the "Nuosangjue Temple", the author did not book a lifetime. These three are Austen pre-works, written in her hometown of Steventon. Her later works are also three: "Mansfield Manor", "Emma" and "persuasion", are the author moved to Joe Dayton after the make. The first two have been published, only 1816 completed the "persuasion", because the author is not satisfied with the original outcome, to rewrite, not published. After her death, the brother Henry Austin was responsible for the publication of the "Nuosangjue Temple" and "persuasion", and for the first time with Jane Austen this real name.简·奥斯汀人物经历Jane Austen, born in December 1775 in Steventon, Hampshire, and eight brothers and sisters.The father served as the chief of the parish for more than forty years. He is a profound knowledge of the priest, his wifewas born in the more wealthy family, but also has a certain cultural accomplishment. Therefore, although Austin did not enter the formal school, but the family's excellent conditions and reading environment, gave her self-learning conditions, cultivate her writing interest. She began to write something at the age of thirteen, showing her talent in language. In 1800 the father retired, the family moved to Bath, Austin does not like this place, she was said to have suffered torture torture. Here, Austin rejected a young man who would inherit the great fortune, because she did not love him. Lived for four years or so, his father died in the place, so Austin and mother, sister and moved to Southampton, 1809 and then moved to Jordon. In early 1816 she was seriously ill, the body is weakening, in May 1817 was sent to Winchester for treatment, but the treatment is invalid, in the same year on July 18 died in her sister's arms. She was unmarried for the rest of her life and was buried in Winchester Cathedral. 简·奥斯汀创作特点Theme of the workAustin's characters are fictional, but they all reflect Austen's own view of marriage. The changes in the era of Austin life, social, economic and political changes have affected the various classes. At that time, the rural aristocracy and the landlord youth also reflected some ideas on human nature and humanity after the rise of the Renaissance. For example, "arrogance and prejudice" in the Elizabeth fully embodies Austen's longing for the love and marriage model, Elizabeth and Darcy in the exchanges, advocating the principle of equality between men and women, abandon the traditional male superiority view, and that noble feelings are people's normal need. At the same time, Austin's ideal marriage in addition to equality, respect, there is freedomand understanding, she hopes to help people get rid of the shackles of traditional thinking, to find themselves, to achieve self.Artistic characteristicsAusten's style of work is so witty, full of comedy. Because Austin life for the rest of his life in the feudal forces of the powerful village, coupled with well-off family, so the circle of life is very small. Which makes her works are often confined to the ordinary gentry daughter love the story of marriage, and her works to some extent reflect the feudal forces point of view. The work mainly through the ladies gentlemen's social communication, daily dialogue to reflect the family and social moral standards. Which makes Austen's work for a long time considered to be popular books. However, although Austen's work is likened to "two-inch ivory carvings", but she still through the gentleman's daily conversation and communication to reflect the social attitudes at that time, with humorous language to irony mercenary, love vanity phenomenon , Through the comic scenes ridicule people stupid, selfish, snobbish and blind self-confidence and other ridiculous weaknesses.。

简奥斯汀简奥斯汀（Jane Austen）是英国著名的女性作家，被誉为英国文学史上最伟大的小说家之一。

她的作品以绘制出当时英国中产阶级社会生活的细腻描写而著称，以及对人性和婚姻问题的深刻洞察力。

奥斯汀的作品影响深远，被广泛研究和阅读，至今仍然具有重要的文化价值。

生平简介简奥斯汀于1775年12月16日出生在英国汉普郡的史蒂文顿（Steventon）。

她是一个拥有六个兄弟姐妹的家庭中的第七个孩子。

她的父亲是一位牧师，因此她的童年在宗教和文学氛围下度过。

尽管她的家庭并不富裕，但是家中的图书馆丰富多样，这让她从小就培养了对文学的兴趣。

奥斯汀在家庭教育下接受了良好的教育，她热爱阅读，并开始写作。

她的第一部小说《苦恼与自负》（Sense and Sensibility）于1811年匿名出版。

接下来的几年里，她相继出版了《傲慢与偏见》（Pride and Prejudice）和《爱玛》（Emma），这两部小说被认为是她的代表作品。

然而，尽管奥斯汀的作品备受好评，她的文学生涯并不如意。

由于当时女性在文学界的地位较低，奥斯汀并没有通过自己的作品取得经济上的成功。

而且，由于她对自己的作品进行匿名出版，直到她去世后，很少有人知道这些作品是她写的。

简奥斯汀于1817年7月18日逝世，享年41岁。

尽管她生前并没有得到足够的认可和赞赏，但在她逝世后的几十年里，她的作品逐渐被人们重新发现，并迅速赢得了读者们的喜爱。

她作品中对女性地位和婚姻问题的关注，以及对社会中产阶级生活的真实描绘，让她成为了英国文学史上一位伟大的女性作家。

主要作品简奥斯汀的作品主要关注女性的社会地位和婚姻问题，她的文字细腻入微，富有幽默感，令人捧腹。

她的作品融合了对社会习俗和人性的观察，展现了当时英国乡村中产阶级生活的方方面面。

以下是她的一些重要作品：1.《苦恼与自负》（Sense and Sensibility）：这是奥斯汀的处女作，讲述了两个姐妹的故事，她们分别代表了理性和感性的两个极端。

简奥斯丁生平介绍简·奥斯丁（Jane Austen）是英国文学史上最伟大的女作家之一，以她的小说作品闻名于世。

她的作品充满了机智、幽默和社交洞察力，被广泛认为是英国文学的珍宝，对后世文学产生了巨大的影响。

简·奥斯丁生于1775年12月16日，出生在英格兰的汉普郡史蒂文顿。

她是一个幸运的女孩，来自于一个中产阶级家庭。

她的父亲是史蒂文顿市的教区牧师，母亲则来自于一个富有的上流社会家庭。

简·奥斯丁是一个六个孩子中的第七个，她有五个哥哥和一个姐姐。

奥斯丁的童年时光是快乐的。

她在家中温馨的环境中长大，周围充满了亲爱的家人和朋友。

奥斯丁从小就展现出对阅读和写作的兴趣。

她的父母很早就发现了她的才华，鼓励她积极参与创作。

由于家庭条件相对宽裕，奥斯丁可以在一个舒适和安静的环境中进行学习和写作。

在18世纪末期，良好的教育机会对于女性来说并不普遍。

然而，奥斯丁有幸得到了良好的教育。

她的父亲亲自教授她和她的兄弟姐妹诗歌、经典文学和英语文法。

此外，她们也从私人教师那里学到了音乐、绘画和舞蹈等技能。

正是这样的教育使得奥斯丁在写作方面表现出色。

奥斯丁早期的作品大多数是以书信形式完成的。

这些作品显示了她对社交生活的深入洞察，并且她也在这些作品中展现出自己独特的幽默和智慧。

她的作品也探讨了婚姻和社会地位等主题，这些都成为了她后来小说的主要元素。

尽管奥斯丁的作品在当时并未出版，但她一直在积极写作，并与其他作家进行文学交流和合作。

她的首部小说是《劝导》，完成于1797年至1798年之间。

然而，尽管奥斯丁将这部小说寄给了出版商，但它并未能够被接受出版。

直到1809年，奥斯丁的第一部小说《傲慢与偏见》被出版，这部小说取得了巨大的商业成功。

奥斯丁在接下来的几年里继续创作，她写作了包括《理智与情感》、《曼斯菲尔德庄园》和《爱玛》在内的一些最重要的作品。

这些小说都具有她的特殊风格，包括对社会规范和婚姻制度的观察，以及对人性的深刻理解。

你自己看一下，提取你认为要演讲的东西。

读一遍对你有好处，等演讲完了别人问你问题也好回答。

Jane Austen (1775-1817)English writer, who first gave the novel its modern character through the treatment of everyday life. Although Austen was widely read in her lifetime, she published her works anonymously. The most urgent preoccupation of her bright, young heroines is courtship and finally marriage. Austen herself never married. Her best-known books include PRIDE AND PREJUDICE (1813) and EMMA (1816). Virginia Woolf called Austen "the most perfect artist among women.""It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife." (from Pride and Prejudice, 1813)Jane Austen was born in Steventon, Hampshire, where her father, Rev. George Austen, was a rector. She was the second daughter and seventh child in a family of eight. The Austens did not lose a single one of their children. Cassandra Leigh, Jane's mother, fed her infants at the breast a few months, and then sent them to a wet nurse in a nearby village to be looked after for another year or longer.The first 25 years of her life Jane spent in Hampshire. On her father's unexpected retirement, the family sold off everything, including Jane's piano, and moved to Bath. Jane, aged twenty-five, and Cassandra, her elder sister, aged twenty-eight, were considered by contemporary standards confirmed old maid, and followed their parents.Jane Austen was mostly tutored at home, and irregularly at school, but she received a broader education than many women of her time. She started to write for family amusement as a child. Her parents were avid readers; Austen's own favorite poet was Cowper. Her earliest-known writings date from about 1787. Very shy about her writing, she wrote on small pieces of paper that she slipped under the desk plotter if anyone came into the room. In her letters she observed the daily life of her family and friends in an intimate and gossipy manner: "James danced with Alethea, and cut up the turkey last night with great perseverance. You say nothing of the silk stockings; I flatter myself, therefore, that Charles has not purchased any, as I cannot very well afford to pay for them; all my money is spent in buying white gloves and pink persian." (Austen in a letter to her sister Cassandra in 1796)Austen's father supported his daughter's writing aspirations and tried to help her get a publisher. After his death in 1805, she lived with her sister and hypochondriac mother in Southampton and moved in 1809 to a large cottage in the village of Chawton. Austen never married, but her social life was active and she had suitors and romantic dreams. James Edward Austen-Leigh, her nephew, wanted to create another kind of legend around her and claimed that "of events her life was singularly barren: few changes and no great crises ever broke the smooth current of its course... There was in her nothing eccentric or angular; no ruggedness of temper; no singularity of manner..." Austen's sister Cassandra also never married. One of her brothers became a clergyman, two served in the navy, one was mentally retarded. He was taken care of a local family.Austen was well connected with the middling-rich landed gentry that she portrayed in her novels.In Chawton she started to write her major works, among them SENSE AND SENSIBILITY, the story of the impoverished Dashwood sisters, Marianne and Elinor, who try to find proper husbands to secure their social position. The novel was written in 1797 as the revision of a sketch called Elinor and Marianne, composed when the author was 20. According to some sources, an earlier version of the work was written in the form of a novel in letters, and read aloud to the family as early as 1795.Austen's heroines are determined to marry wisely and well, but romantic Marianne of Sense and Sensibility is a character, who feels intensely about everything and loses her heart to an irresponsible seducer. "I could not be happy with a man whose taste did not in every point coincide with my own. He must enter into all my feelings; the same with books, the same music must charm us both." Reasonable Elinor falls in love with a gentleman already engaged. '"I have frequently detected myself in such kind of mistakes," said Elinor, "in a total misapprehension of character in some point or another: fancying people so much more gay or grave, or ingenious or stupid than they really are, and I can hardly tell why or in what the deception originated. Sometimes one is guided by what they say of themselves, and very frequently by what other people say of them, without giving oneself time to deliberate and judge."' When Marianne likes to read and express her feelings, Elinor prefers to draw and design and be silent of his desires. They are the daughters of Henry Dashwood, whose son, John, from a former marriage. After his death, John inherits the Norland estate in Sussex, where the sisters live. John's wife, the greedy and selfish Fanny, insists that they move to Norland. The impoverished widow and and her daughters move to Barton Cottage in Devonshire. There Marianne is surrounded by a devious heartbreaker Willoughby, who has already loved another woman. Elinor becomes interested in Edward Ferrars, who is proud and ignorant. Colonel Brandon, an older gentleman, doesn't attract Marianne. She is finally rejected by Willoughby. "Marianne Dashwood was born to an extraordinary fate. She was born to discover the falsehood of her own opinions, and to counteract, by her conduct, her most favorite maxims."In all of Austen's novels her heroines are ultimately married. Pride and Prejudice described the clash between Elisabeth Bennet, the daughter of a country gentleman and an intelligent young woman, and Fitzwilliam Darcy, a rich aristocratic landowner. Their relationship starts from dislike, but Darcy becomes intrigued by her mind and spirit. At last they fall in love and are happily united. Austen had completed the early version of the story in 1797 under the title "First Impressions". The book went to three printings during Austen's lifetime. In 1998 appeared a sequel to the novel, entitled Desire and Duty, written by Teddy F. Bader, et al. It followed the ideas Jane Austen told her family.Emma was written in comic tone. Austen begun the novel in January 1814 and completed it in March of the next year. The book was published in three volumes. It told the story of Emma Woodhouse, who finds her destiny in marriage. Emma is a wealthy, pretty, self-satisfied young woman. She is left alone with her hypochondriac father. Her governess, Miss Taylor, marries a neighbor, Mr. Weston. Emma has too much time and she spends it choosing proper partners for her friends and neighbors - blind to her own feelings. She makes a protégée of Harriet Smith, an illegitimate girl of no social status and tries to manipulate a marriage between Harriet and Mr. Elton, a young clergyman, who has set his sight on Emma. Emma has feelings about Mr. Weston's son. When Harriet becomes interested in George Knightley, a neighboring squire who has been her friend, Emma starts to understand her own limitations. He has been her moral adviser, and secretly lovesher. Finally Emma finds her destiny in marriage with him. Harriet, who is left to decide for herself, marries Robert Martin, a young farmer.Austen focused on middle-class provincial life with humor and understanding. She depicted minor landed gentry, country clergymen and their families, in which marriage mainly determined women's social status. Most important for her were those little matters, as Emma says, "on which the daily happiness of private life depends." Although Austen restricted to family matters, and she passed the historical events of the Napoleonic wars, her wit and observant narrative touch has been inexhaustible delight to readers. Of her six great novels, four were published anonymously during her lifetime. Austen also had troubles with her publisher, who wanted to make alterations to her love scenes in Pride and Prejudice. In 1811 he wrote to Thomas Egerton: "You say the book is indecent. You say I am immodest. But Sir in the depiction of love, modesty is the fullness of truth; and decency frankness; and so I must also be frank with you, and ask that you remove my name from the title page in all future printings; 'A lady' will do well enough." At her death on July 18, 1817 in Winchester, at the age of forty-one, Austen was writing the unfinished SANDITON. She managed to write twelve chapters before stopping in March 18, due to her poor health.Austen was buried in Winchester Cathedral, near the centre of the north aisle. "It is a satisfaction to me to think that [she is] to lie in a Building she admired so much," Austen's sister Cassandra wrote later. Cassandra destroyed many of her sister's letters; one hundred sixty survived but none written earlier than her tentieth birthday.Austen's brother Henry made her authorship public after her death. Emma had been reviewed favorably by Sir Walter Scott, who wrote in his journal of March 14, 1826: "[Miss Austen] had a talent for describing the involvements and feelings and characters of ordinary life which is to me the most wonderful I have ever met with. The Big Bow-Wow strain I can do myself like any now going; but the exquisite touch, which renders ordinary commonplace things and characters interesting, from the truth of the description and the sentiment, is denied to me." Charlotte Brontë and E.B. Browning found her limited, and Elizabeth Hardwick said: "I don't think her superb intelligence brought her happiness." It was not until the publication of J.E. Austen-Leigh's Memoir in 1870 that a Jane Austen cult began to develop. Austen's unfinished Sanditon was published in 1925.For further reading: Memoirs by J.E. Austen-Leigh (1870); Jane Austen and Her World by Mary Lascelles (1939); Jane Austen and Her Art by M. Lascalles (1941); Jane Austen by R.W. Chapman (1948); The Novels of Jane Austen by Robert Liddell (1963); The Language of Jane Austen by N. Page (1972); The Double Life of Jane Austen by Jane Hodge (1972); The Critical Heritage, ed. by B. Southam (1987); Jane Austen by Claudia L. Johnson (1990); Erotic Faith by Robert M. Polhemus (1990); Jane Austen's Novels by Roger Gard (1992); The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen, ed. by Edward Copeland, Juliet McMaster (1997); Jane Austen, Obstinate Heart by Valerie Grosvenor Myer (1997); Jane Austen: Her Life by Park Honan (1997); Jane Austen: A Life by David Nokes (1998); Jane Austen: A Life by Claire Tomalin (1998); A History of Jane Austen's Family by George Holbert Tucker (1998); Critical Essays of Jane Austen, ed. by Laura Mooneyham (1998); Jane Austen by Deirdre Le Faye (1998); The Author's Inheritance: Henry Fielding, Jane Austen, andthe Establishment of the Novel by Jo Alyson Parker (1998); Pride & Promiscuity: The Lost Sex Scenes of Jane Austen by Arielle Eckstut, Dennis Ashton (2001); Jane Austen by Carol Shields (2001) - See also: J.F. Cooper - Museum: Jane Austen's House, Chawton, Alton, GU34 ISD. - Austen wrote Mansfield Park, Emma, and Persuasion while living in this house.。

简·奥斯汀简奥斯汀简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen，1775年12月16日－1817年7月18日）是英国著名女性小说家，她的作品主要关注乡绅家庭女性的婚姻和生活，以女性特有的细致入微的观察力和活泼风趣的文字真实地描绘了她周围世界的小天地。

简·奥斯汀Jane Austen【作家生平】简·奥斯汀（1775年12月16日～1817年7月18日）英国女小说家。

生于乡村小镇斯蒂文顿，有6个兄弟和一个姐姐，家境尚可。

父亲乔治·奥斯汀（George Aus ten，1731年—1805年）是当地一名牧师。

母亲卡桑德拉（1739年—1827年）。

奥斯汀没有上过正规学校，但受到较好的家庭教育，主要教材就是父亲的文学藏书。

奥斯汀一家爱读流行小说，多半是庸俗的消遣品。

她少女时期的习作就是对这类流行小说的滑稽模仿，这样就形成了她作品中嘲讽的基调。

她20岁左右开始写作，共发表了6部长篇小说。

1811年出版的《理智与情感》是她的处女作，随后又接连发表了《傲慢与偏见》（1813）、《曼斯菲尔德花园》（1814）和《爱玛》（1815）。

《诺桑觉寺》（又名《诺桑觉修道院》）和《劝导》（1818）是在她去世后第二年发表的，并署上了作者真名。

简·奥斯汀一生未嫁。

1796年，她与后来成为爱尔兰最高法官的汤姆·勒弗罗伊（T om Lefroy）有过短暂的罗曼史，据传他就是《傲慢与偏见》中达西先生的原型。

18 02年，一名比奥斯汀小六岁的富有男子哈里斯·彼格威瑟（Harris Bigg-Wither）向她求婚。

奥斯汀最初接受了，次日又改变主意拒绝了他。

1801年，奥斯汀的父亲退休后，全家迁居到疗养胜地巴斯。

就像笔下的女主人公安妮·艾略特一样，奥斯汀并不喜欢巴斯，这也许与她家庭经济状况日趋拮据有关。

1805年父亲去世后，奥斯汀跟随母亲和姐姐到南安普敦与兄长弗兰克住了几年。

Jane AustenJane Austen (1775-1817) is a famous English female writer. She is the first mature novelist. Although she was born in the romantic period, she is not a romantic writer. She tends to be realistic, but is influenced by romanticism in some ways. Austen came from a well-cultured country family. As she published her novels anonymously, she was not famous in her lifetime. Scott admired her talent for portraying ordinary life in a wonderful way. Among her numerous strengths are her exquisite, compact prose, her moral judgment, her wit, and her vivid character portrayal. She was not married in her lifetime.One thing to note about her fiction is its limited subject. She wrote her novels for her own family circle. Her novels cover just that section of society to which she belonged: the country gentry and their lives in the rural village setting. There is hardly any aristocrat or a poor peasant to feature as her major characters. It reveals a principle in literary creation that one can show one’s best when one makes the best of one’s best knowledge.Austen’s writing feature is unifying the realistic and detailed portrayal of outward manners and behaviors combined with inward psychological exploration. Other features of her writing are the complex and subtle portrayal of characters, a classic precision of structure, a vivid and humorous dialogue, her quiet irony and her simple delicate analysis of character. Because of her “limitation”, her novels have neither heroic passions nor astounding adventures. Austen is the founder of the novel dealing with unimportant middle-class people. Her writing style is easy and effortless.Pride and Prejudice is Austen’s masterpiece. The story is mainly about Mrs. Bennet’s four daughters’ marriage. Elizabeth, the second oldest daughter and Darcy’s love is used as the main plotline and the other three daughters’ marriage as the subordinate plot. In the story, Charlotte and Mr. Collins marry for material wealth and social position. Lydia and Wickham marry for passion. While, Elizabeth and Darcy, Jane and Bingley marry for true love. The gallery of woman here is simply glittering. It is the panorama view of the female gender in the world of men. Austen uses love and marriage as the subject matter, and dedicatedly describes the middle class and upper class’s life during late 18th to early 19th century. The theme of the story is that maturity is achieved through the loss of illusions.。