2008年宁夏小学英语特岗教师考试

2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（宁夏、海南卷）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. £ 19.15.B. £ 9.15.C. £ 9.18.答案是B。

1. What is the weather like?A. It’s raining.B. It’s cloudy.C. It’s sunny.2. Who will go to China next month?A. Lucy.B. Alice.C. Richard.3. What are the speakers talking about?A. The man’s sister.B. A film.C. An actor.4. Where will the speakers meet?A. In Room 340.B. In Room 314.C. In Room 223.5. Where does the conversation most probably take place？A. In a restaurant.B. In an office.C. At home.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。

6. Why did the woman go to New York?A. To spend some time with the baby.B. To look after her sister.C. To find a new job.7. How old was the baby when the woman left New York?A. Two months.B. Five months.C. Seven months.8. What did the woman like doing most with the baby?A. Holding him.B. Playing with him.C. Feeding him.听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。

2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(宁夏卷)英语本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。

考生作答时，将答案答在答题卡上，在本试卷上答题无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一篇。

例：How much is the shirt?A. &19.15B. &9.15C. &9.18答案是B。

1.What is the weather like?A. It’s raining.B. It’s cloudy.C. It’s sunny.2.Who will go to China next month?A. Lucy.B. Alice.C. Richard.3.What are the speakers talking about?A. The man’s sister.B.A film.C. An actor.4.Where will the speakers meet?A. In Room 340B. In Room 314.C. In Room 223.5.Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. In a restaurant.B. In an office.C. At home.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

宁2007年全区招聘特岗教师、部分中小学校、幼儿园公开招聘教师笔试试卷教育基础理论和专业知识（小学数学）说明：本试卷分为试卷Ⅰ和试卷Ⅱ。

试卷Ⅰ为公共基础知识，分值为20分；试卷Ⅱ为专业知识，分值为130分。

试卷Ⅰ公共基础知识一、判断题（判断下列说法是否正确，正确的打“√”，错误的打“×”。

每小题1分，共5分）。

1．实践性智慧是教师专业发展的核心。

教师获得实践性智慧的有效策略和方法是：直面教育、教学实践，以解决教育、教学实践中的实际问题为核心，开展以行动研究为主体的校本研修活动。

【】2．多元智能理论认为，每个人都同时拥有相对独立的多种智能；所以中小学教育就要根据学生的特点，任其自由发展。

【】3．实现有效教学，要求教师与学生能有更多的沟通和交流，在互为主体的沟通和交流中，师生共同享用对方的经验和体验。

所以教师上课时提的问题越多越好。

【】4．教学方式的变革要遵循让学生主动参与、主动探究的原则，要有利于实现由“要我学”到“我要学”的转变。

【】5．学生思想品德形成过程是知、情、意、行相互影响，共同发展的过程，它具有统一性和多端性。

成功的教育要：“晓之以理，动之以情，持之以恒，导之以行”。

【】二、选择题（请从备选答案中选出一个正确答案，将正确答案的字母填在括号里。

每小题1分，共15分)。

1．课堂教学中，教师王某将未完成作业的学生李某请出课堂令其补作业，这种行为侵害了学生的【】A.人生自由权B.财产权C.受教育权D.隐私权2．《教师法》规定，教师有下列哪种情形，所在学校、其他教育机构或者教育行政部门有权给予行政处分或解聘【】A.不能为学生提供图书、资料B.不能确保学校教学设施的正常使用C.体罚学生，经教育不改的D.不能有效维护学校周边秩序3．教师平等对待学生的含义是指【】A.为学生制定同样的学习目标B.使学生在原有的基础上得到生动、活泼、主动的发展C.满足学生的所有愿望D.不能批评学生4．某学生不能遵守课堂的纪律要求，干扰正常的教学秩序，且经常迟到、旷课，学校的哪种处理方法违反了义务教育法的规定【】A.警告处分B.记过处分C.留校查看处分D.开除学籍5．“授人以鱼仅供一饭之需，授人以渔，则终身受用无穷”说明教师在教学中应重视【】A.课本知识的传授B.发展学生的能力C.习题训练D.学生学业成绩6．教学工作的基本环节是【】①备课②上课③组织公益劳动④布置和批改作业⑤开展卫生保健工作⑥课外辅导⑦学业成绩的检查与评定A.③④⑤⑥⑦B.①②④⑥⑦C.①③⑤⑥⑦D.①②③⑥⑦7．“温故而知新，学而时习之。

2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(宁夏卷)英语第一部分听力（略）第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：We last night, but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studiedB. might studyC. should have studiedD. would study 答案是C。

21. —Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class?—, but I promised Nancy to go out with her.A. I’d like toB.I like itC.I don’tD.I will22. —What fruit is in season now?—Grapes and peaches, .A. I knowB.I thinkC.I seeD.I feel23.The performance nearly three hours, but few people left the theatre early.A. coveredB. reachedC. playedD. lasted24.Let’s learn to use the problem we are facing a stepping-stone to future success.A. toB. forC. asD. by25.The lawyer rarely wears anything other than jeans and a T-shirt the season.A. whateverB. whereverC. wheneverD. however26.I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good .A. to be breathedB. to breatheC. breathingD. being breathed27. —Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?—Yes, since she the Chinese Society.A. has joinedB. joinsC. had joinedD. joined28.You're driving too fast. Can you drive ?A. more slowly a bitB. slowly a bit moreC. a bit more slowlyD. slowly more a bit29.The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front to arrive.A. is expectedB. is expectingC. expectsD. will be expected30.—Which of the two computer games did you prefer?—Actually I didn’t like.A. both of themB. either of themC. none of themD. neither of them31.—Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?—I don’t mind where we go there’s sun, sea and beach.A. as ifB. as long asC. now thatD. in order that32.The weather was cold that I didn’t like to leave my room.A .really B. such C. too D. so33.The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from spoken in England.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. the one34.After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane her job as a doctor in the countryside.A. set outB. took overC. took upD. set up35.—Sorry, I made a mistake again.—Practice more and you’ll succeed.A. Never mindB. Certainly notC. Not at allD. Don’t mention it第二节完形填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

-+懒惰是很奇怪的东西，它使你以为那是安逸，是休息，是福气；但实际上它所给你的是无聊，是倦怠，是消沉;它剥夺你对前途的希望，割断你和别人之间的友情，使你心胸日渐狭窄，对人生也越来越怀疑。

—罗兰2008年特岗教师英语测试试题及参考答案英语一部分（50分）Part I: Vocabulary and structure (10%)1. One day I a newspaper article about the retirement of an English professor at a nearby state college.A. came acrossB. came aboutC. came afterD. came at2. She was complaining that the doctor was __ too much for the treatment he was giving her.A. expendingB. offeringC. costingD. charging3. The manager spoke highly of such as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees.A. virtuesB. featuresC. propertiesD. characteristics4. Since the matter was extremely , we dealt with it immediately.A. toughB. tenseC. urgentD. instant5. You don't have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you on business first.A. would goB. will goC. wentD. have gone6. When I try to understand that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.A. why it doesB. what it doesC. what it isD. why it is7. As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town 50 households or more.A. havingB. to haveC. to have hadD. having had8. The newcomers found it impossible to themselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country.A. suitB. adaptC. regulateD. coordinate9. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems,____ obtaining water is not the least.A. for whichB. to whichC. of whichD. in which10. I'm sure he is up to the job he would give his mind to it.A. if onlyB. in caseC. untilD. unlessPart II: Cloze (10%)In the waiting room, the patients, men and women, old and young, were sitting 11___ on the chairs, 12__ for their turns. Billy, a school boy, was sitting there, too. They all looked very sad 13___ Billy. He 14___ an interesting story, and there was a smile on his face. Just then, the doctor came in to say he was ready for the next patient. Billy jumped up and ran into the 15__ room. “Good morning, Doctor!”“Good morning! What's your 16__, young man?”asked the doctor. Before Billy could say a word, the doctor made him 17__down on a bed. “Now, let me listen to your heart.” Billy tried to speak, but the doctor told him 18 anything. “ I’ll take your temperature.” Billy tried to sit up, but the doctor stopped him. “Now open your mouth. Mm, good.” After a moment, the doctor said, “Well, my boy, you haven't got a bad cold. It's nothing. Mm, in fact, there is 19_ with you.”“I know there 20_ ,”said the boy. “ I just came to get some medicine for my father.”11.A. quickly B. quietly C. luckily D. noisily12.A. waiting B. waited C. to wait D. wait13.A. with B. and C. except D. without14.A. saw B. was seeing C. read D. was reading15.A. patients B. waiting C. sitting D. doctor's16.A. story B. trouble C. matter D. wrong17.A. to lie B. lay C. lying D. lie18.A. say B. not to say C. not say D. to say19.A. wrong nothing B. something wrongC. nothing wrongD. wrong something20.A. aren't B. are C. isn't D. isPart III: Reading Comprehension (10%)Passage OneIn one way of thinking, failure is a part of life. In another way, failure may be a way towards success. The “spider story ”often told, Robert Bruce, leader of the Scots in the 13th century, was hiding in a cave from the English. He watched a spider spinning a web. The spider tried to reach across a rough place in the rock. He tried six times without success. On the seventh time he made it and went on tospin his web. Bruce is said to have taken heart and to have gone on to defeat the English. --- Edison, the inventor of the light bulb, made hundreds of models that failed before he found the right way to make one.So what? First, always think about your failure. What caused it? Were conditions right? Were you in top form yourself? What can you change so things will go right next time?Second , is the goal (目标) you’re trying to reach the right one ? Try to do some thinking about what your real goals may be. Think about this question, “If I do succeed in this, where will it get me ?”This may help you prevent failure in things you shouldn’t be doing anyway.The third thing to bear in mind about failure is that it’s a part of life. Learn to “live with yourself ”even though you may have failed. Remember, “You can’t win at all.”21. This passage deals with two sides of failure. In paragraph 1, the author talks mainly about ___________.A. the value of failureB. how people would failC. famous failuresD. the cause of failure22. The underlined phrase “made it ”means ________ .A. succeededB. failedC. gaveD. got23. The lesson the spider taught Robert Bruce seems _________ .A. productiveB. straight forwardC. sorrowfulD. deep24. The author tells you to do all things except ________ .A. to think about the cause of your failureB. to check out whether your goals are right for youC. to consider failure as a part of lifeD. to bear in mind that you will never fail in your life25. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Bruce and Edison were successful examples.B. Failure may be regarded as a way toward success.C. Edison learned a lot from the lesson the spider taught Robert Bruce.D. One may often raise a question whether his goals are worth attemptingPassage TwoWhile the private schools may be charging too much, some of the publics are risking their futures by charging too little. Low tuition is fine, as the state assigns enough money to education, as has generally been the case in Texas and California. But for years, New Jersey’s legendary resistance to taxes condemned Rutgers University to second-class status. “Of what real worth is a low-tuition policy,” wrote Rutgers’ former president, the late Edward Bloustein, “If it dooms students to an education below the quality they want and require?”New York State’s students might ask themselves the same. A series of protests pressured Governor Maria Cuomo into canceling a $200 rise in tuition last year (prices haven’t gone up since 1983). And what’s the result? Greatly-reduced budgets, shabby campuses, course restrictions, limited library hors and various new student fees.The irony of New York and other state systems is that the percentage of higher-income students they serve is increasing at a phenomenal rate, says Arthur Hauptman of the American Council on Education. Given this changing population, more states should start playing the Robin Hood game increasing their sticker price, discounting rates to low-income students and using the rest of the money to raise the quality of their schools.The middle-class melt and the betterment of public universities are still in their very earliest stages. But these trends will intensify as the children of the burdened boomers reach college age. For the academics, it’s a wake-up call. In the next century, they’ll have to be affordable and good.26. According to some critics, the low-tuition policy of public universities might lead to____.A. the middle-class meltB. a credit crisisC. a decline in the quality of educationD. the enrollment of second-class students27. Public universities reduce the tuition because____.A. they yield to the pressure of protestersB. they get contributions from the richC. they get enough money from the stateD. they try to give lower-income students an opportunity28. It can be inferred from the passage that____.A. private universities will join in the thrice competitionB. public universities have to withdraw from the price competitionC. rich students find ways of paying less by taking the advantage of the policyD. rich students should be entitled to equal opportunities as poor students29. In order to maintain their high quality at the stone time of opening the floor to low-income students, public universities have to ______.A. enlist their students for some voluntary jobsB. exert long-term effort to improve themselvesC. count upon the financial support from the governmentD. increase the proportion of rich students and charge more from them30. This passage is mainly about _____.A. the Robin Hood gameB. ways of paying less for college educationC. difficult situation of public universitiesD. financial aid to lower—income studentsPart IV : Translation (20%)Section A: Translate the following Chinese into English (15%)31．我们得赶快，要不就会赶不上车了。

宁夏特岗英语试题及答案一、选择题（共20分，每题2分）1. Which of the following words is spelled incorrectly?A. beautifulB. difficultC. seperateD. important答案：C2. The correct answer to the question "What is the capital of France?" is:A. LondonB. ParisC. BerlinD. Rome答案：B3. Choose the word that is NOT a synonym of "happy."A. joyfulB. delightedC. miserableD. cheerful答案：C4. The sentence "She is very ______ about her new job."requires the adjective:A. confidentB. curiousC. excitedD. confused答案：C5. The phrase "break the ice" is commonly used to mean:A. to stop the conversationB. to start a conversationC. to make the ice thickerD. to melt the ice答案：B6. The past tense of "begin" is:A. beganB. begunC. beginningD. begined答案：A7. In the sentence "I have never seen such a ______ film before," the blank should be filled with:A. boringB. excitingC. interestingD. tiring答案：B8. The opposite of "agree" is:A. argueB. disagreeC. discussD. suggest答案：B9. The word "unique" means:A. commonB. rareC. usualD. ordinary答案：B10. The phrase "a piece of cake" is used to describe something that is:A. very difficultB. very expensiveC. very easyD. very delicious答案：C二、填空题（共20分，每空2分）11. The _______ (形容词) form of the noun "strength" is "strong."答案：adjective12. If you want to express that something is happening right now, you use the _______ (时态) "present continuous."答案：tense13. The word "although" is used to show _______ (关系).答案：concession14. The phrase "at the moment" is used to indicate that something is happening _______ (时间).答案：now15. The word "advise" is a _______ (词性).答案：verb16. The past participle of the verb "choose" is "________."答案：chosen17. The phrase "________" can be used to mean "to make a decision."答案：make up one's mind18. The word "________" is used to describe a person who is very careful with money.答案：miserly19. The infinitive form of the verb "to be" is "________."答案：be20. The word "________" means "to make something more interesting or exciting."答案：spice up三、阅读理解（共30分，每题6分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。

绝密★启用前宁夏2008年农村义务教育阶段学校特设岗位教师招聘考试试卷小学数学教师考试试卷(2008年5月10日)试卷Ⅰ公共基础知识一、选择题（请从备选答案中选出一个正确答案，将正确答案的字母填在括号里。

每小题1分，共12分）1.在教育过程中，教师对突发性事件做出迅速、恰当的处理被称为“教育机智”，这反映了教师劳动的哪一特点【】A.系统性B.创造性C.示范性D.长期性2．在同一时间内把注意指向不同的对象，同时从事着几种不同活动，这是【】A.注意的分配B.注意的涣散C.注意的转移D.注意的动摇3.在课程评价领域，贯穿于课程各个阶段或整个过程的评价，目的在于了解学生的学习困难和教学中出现的各种问题，以便改进教学的是【】A.发展性评价B.形成性评价C.总结性评价D.诊断性评价4.下列哪些行为侵害了学生的受教育权【】①教师迫使学习成绩差的学生退学或转学②教师禁止成绩差的学生参加考试③教师未经学生同意帮学生填报或修改志愿④教师提供学生成绩的方式不适当A.①②④B.②③④C.①②③D.①③④5.当学生的道德认识与道德情感相结合，成为支配个人产生道德行为的内部原因时，就转化为【】A.道德信念B.道德评价C.道德动机D.道德习惯6．艾里克森认为青少年时期（12－18岁）的主要发展任务是【】A.获得自主感，克服羞耻感B.获得亲密感，避免孤独感C.获得勤奋感，避免自卑感D.形成角色同一性，防止角色混乱7.《教师法》中赋予教师的权利除一般公民权利（如生存权、选举权等）外，还包括职业本身特点所赋予的专业方面的自主权【】①教育的权利②享受各种待遇和荣誉的权利③专业发展权④参与管理权A.①③④B.①②③C.②③④D.①②④8.教师职业道德的核心是【】A.热爱教育事业B.为人师表C.热爱学生D.勤于学习9.人们看书时，用红笔画出重点，便于重新阅读，是利用知觉的哪种特性【】A.选择性B.整体性C.理解性D.恒长性10.新时期对教师角色的重要补充是【】A.管理者的角色B.“研究者”的角色C．“榜样”的角色 D．“父母”的角色11.个体在归因过程中，对有自我卷入的事情的解释，明显带有下列哪种倾向【】A.自我暴露B.自我防卫C.自我抬高D.自我价值保护12.心理发展的不平衡性主要是指【】A.人群中每个人的发展水平是不一样的B.人一生的心理发展并不是以相同的速率前进的C.各种心理过程的发展速率不同D.人一生各个阶段智力发展的速率不同二、论述题（8分）在班级的学生中，常会出现一些“小圈子”、“小团伙”等，这样的小群体被称为班级中的非正式群体。

教育教学理论基础知识复习题：教育学1．《学记》是世界上最早的教育文献，比西方最早的古罗马的昆体良《论演说家的教育》早300多年。

“教学相长”“及时而教”不陵节而施，“长善而救失”“道而弗牵，强而弗抑，开而弗达”禁于未发。

2．近代最早的一部系统论述教育问题专著——1632年捷克教育家夸美纽斯《大教学论》。

提出“泛智”教育思想。

3．杜威《民本主义与教育》提出：以儿童为中心、做中学“教育即生活”“学校即社会”“教育即生长”。

4．以马克思主义为基础，最早探讨教育学问题的是前苏联克鲁普斯卡娅《国民教育与民主制度》，马卡连柯《论共产主义教育》。

5．赞科夫的《教学与发展》认为学生的“一般发展”作为教学的出发点和归属，它包括智力、情感、意志品质、性格集体主义思想，“差生”发展。

6．苏霍姆林斯基的论著被誉为“活动的教育者“。

有《给教师的建议》、《把整个心灵献给孩子》。

7．美国教育布鲁纳《教育过程》倡导“结构主义”“发现法”。

8．“六学二馆”中“二馆”指崇文馆和弘文馆。

9．马克思主义观点认为，教育的起源是：生产劳动。

10．我国奴隶社会的教育内容是：“六艺”（礼、乐、射、御、书、数）。

11．“狼孩”说明遗体本质在人的身心发展中不起决定作用。

12．马克思主义观点认为，造成人的片面发展的根本原因是社会分工。

13．最早提出美育一词的是席勒。

14．美育首次正式列入我国教育组成部分是在1912年。

15．中国颁布的第一个现代学制是壬寅学制。

中国实行的第一个现代学制是葵卯学制。

16．新中国第一次学制改革是在1951年。

17．《中共中央关于教育体制改革的决定》颁布于1985年。

18．教师根本任务是教书育人。

19．教育学科知识包括在教育学、管理学、心理学中。

20．学生年龄特征包括生理和心理特征。

21．课的类型一般分为单一课和综合课。

22．教师各课三方面工作：钻研教材、了解学生、设计教法。

23．教育过程以认识为基础，促进学生发展的过程。

宁夏公开招聘农村义务教育阶段特设岗位教师笔试试卷————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：宁夏2008年公开招聘农村义务教育阶段特设岗位教师笔试试卷初中语文教师考试试卷(2008年5月10日)提示：1、本试卷共8页, 分为试卷Ⅰ和试卷Ⅱ。

试卷Ⅰ为公共部分，分值为20分；试卷Ⅱ为学科部分，分值为130分。

满分150分，时限150分钟。

2、请将所有答案直接写在答题卡上。

3、考试结束后，请将本试题全部收回（不装订）。

题号一二三四五六七八总分核分人复核人得分试卷Ⅰ公共部分得分评卷人一、选择题（请从备选答案中选出一个正确答案，将正确答案的字母填在括号里。

每小题1分，共12分)。

1.在教育过程中，教师对突发性事件做出迅速、恰当的处理被称为“教育机智”，这反映了教师劳动的哪一特点A.系统性B.创造性C.示范性D.长期性2．在同一时间内把注意指向不同的对象，同时从事着几种不同活动，这是A.注意的分配B.注意的涣散C.注意的转移D.注意的动摇3.在课程评价领域，贯穿于课程各个阶段或整个过程的评价，目的在于了解学生的学习困难和教学中出现的各种问题，以便改进教学的是A.发展性评价B.形成性评价C.总结性评价D.诊断性评价4.下列哪些行为侵害了学生的受教育权①教师迫使学习成绩差的学生退学或转学②教师禁止成绩差的学生参加考试③教师未经学生同意帮学生填报或修改志愿④教师提供学生成绩的方式不适当A.①②④B.②③④C.①②③D.①③④5.当学生的道德认识与道德情感相结合，成为支配个人产生道德行为的内部原因时，就转化为A.道德信念B.道德评价C.道德动机D.道德习惯6．艾里克森认为青少年时期（12－18岁）的主要发展任务是A.获得自主感，克服羞耻感B.获得亲密感，避免孤独感C.获得勤奋感，避免自卑感D.形成角色同一性，防止角色混乱7.《教师法》中赋予教师的权利除一般公民权利（如生存权、选举权等）外，还包括职业本身特点所赋予的专业方面的自主权①教育的权利②享受各种待遇和荣誉的权利③专业发展权④参与管理权A.①③④B.①②③C.②③④D.①②④8.教师职业道德的核心是A.热爱教育事业B.为人师表C.热爱学生D.勤于学习9.人们看书时，用红笔画出重点，便于重新阅读，是利用知觉的哪种特性A.选择性B.整体性C.理解性D.恒长性10.新时期对教师角色的重要补充是A.“管理者”的角色B.“研究者”的角色C．“榜样”的角色D．“父母”的角色11.个体在归因过程中，对有自我卷入的事情的解释，明显带有下列哪种倾向A.自我暴露B.自我防卫C.自我抬高D.自我价值保护12.心理发展的不平衡性主要是指A.人群中每个人的发展水平是不一样的B.人一生的心理发展并不是以相同的速率前进的C.各种心理过程的发展速率不同D.人一生各个阶段智力发展的速率不同得分评卷人二、论述题（共8分)。