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2020年新高考Ⅰ卷（山东卷）【解析】(作者：尚元丰）一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题3分，共45分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
图1为某区域滑坡与地貌演化关系示意图。
读图完成1～2题。
1．推断图中滑坡体的滑动方向为（）A ．由北向南B ．由西向东C ．由西北向东南D ．由东北向西南2．图中序号所示地理事象形成的先后顺序是（）A ．②③④①B ．②①③④C ．③①④②D ．③②①④【答案】1．C2．D【解析】本题考查地图阅读能力。
1．难度-偏难。
根据古堰塞湖形状判断河流向北流，再结合滑坡体边界形状排除A、D。
最后结合指向标，择优选择C。
本题疑难之处在于，现在河流为什么不在滑坡边界处而在滑坡面附近，这可能是滑坡体流性强，滑至东南侧阶地处受阻而抬高，倒致滑坡面附近反而地势变低。
2．难度-偏难。
首先有古河道③，然后发生滑坡，滑坡体受阶地阻挡抬高并掩埋部分阶地②，然后河流受阻水位不断抬高形成堰塞湖①，湖水水位抬高到一定程度后外泄，形成现在的河流④。
所以选D。
家住北方某县的小王夫妇，效仿村里一些年轻人的做法，在自家5亩耕地上栽植了杨树后就外出打工了。
八年后，小王夫妇将已成材的杨树出售，获利24000元。
与原来种植粮食作物、蔬菜等相比，这些收入虽不丰厚，但他们还算满意。
据调查，该县耕地上栽植杨树的面积约占耕地总面积的10%，这种“农地杨树化”现象引起了有关专家的高度关注。
据此完成3～4题。
3．当地“农地杨树化”的主要原因是（）A ．生态效益高B ．木材销路好C ．劳动投入少D ．种树有补贴4．针对“农地杨树化”引起的问题，可采取的措施是（）A ．加大开荒力度B ．增加木材进口C ．增加粮食进口D ．鼓励农地流转【答案】３．C ４．D【解析】本题考查现阶段农村农业方面出现问题及解决措施。
３．难度-简单。
“农地杨树化”现象比较普遍，主要原因有：与打工相比种粮收益不高；种粮投入的劳动力多（耕、种、管、收、晒、存等），而种植杨树不需要投入过多劳动，可以省下来时间外出务工，又不耽误杨树生长。
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试·全国I卷（山东）英语答案解析第一部分阅读第一节1.【答案】A【解析】根据Prizes部分中第一段中的“Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice”可知，每位获奖者都可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。
因此，每位获奖者可以带两个人。
故选A。
【考点】细节理解2.【答案】C【解析】根据Prizes部分中第三段“50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight”可知，每位优秀奖获奖者都将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤。
故选C。
【考点】细节理解3.【答案】B【解析】根据最后一部分中的“Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. Write a poem using 100 words or fewer”可知，所写的诗字数不能超过100字。
否则，将会被取消资格。
故结合选项，B选项（写一首120字的诗）是会被取消资格的。
故选B。
【考点】细节理解4.【答案】C【解析】根据第二段的After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.（高中毕业后，Jennifer上了一所当地的技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育）可知，高中毕业后Jennifer通过自己挣钱来完成大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。
2020年普通高中学业水平等级性考试化学试卷（全国新高考Ⅰ卷)一、单选题1.实验室中下列做法错误的是( ) A.用冷水贮存白磷B.用浓硫酸干燥二氧化硫C.用酒精灯直接加热蒸发皿D.用二氧化碳灭火器扑灭金属钾的燃烧【答案】D【解析】白磷着火点比较低，为防止其自燃，通常将其贮存在冷水中，A 项正确；浓硫酸具有吸水性，且不与2SO 反应，可用于干燥2SO ，B 项正确；蒸发皿可直接用酒精灯加热，C 项正确；金属钾燃烧生成的22K O 、2KO 等产物均能和2CO 反应并放出2O ，2O 又能促进金属钾的燃烧，因此不能用二氧化碳灭火器扑灭佥属钾的燃烧，可直接用于燥的沙土盖灭，D 项错误。
2.下列叙述不涉及氧化还原反应的是( ) A.谷物发酵酿造食醋 B.小苏打用作食品膨松剂 C.含氯消毒剂用于环境消毒 D.大气中2NO 参与酸雨形成【答案】B【解析】谷物发酵酿造食醋过程中32CH CH OH 转化为3CH COOH 属于氧化还原反应，A 项不符合题意；小苏打用作食品膨松剂利用的是3NaHCO 受热分解会放出2CO 的性质，不涉及氧化还原反应，B 项符合题意；含氯消毒剂具有较强的氧化性，消毒时发生氧化还原反应，C 项不符合题意；大气中的2NO 形成酸雨时发生反应2233NO H O 2HNO NO +===+，该反应属于氧化还原反应，D 项不符合题意。
3.短周期主族元素X 、Y 、Z 、W 的原子序数依次增大，基态X 原子的电子总数是其最高能级电子数的2倍，Z 可与X 形成淡黄色化合物22Z X ，Y 、W 最外层电子数相同。
下列说法正确的是( ) A.第一电离能：W>X>Y>Z B.简单离子的还原性：Y>X>W C.简单离子的半径：W>X>Y>Z D.氢化物水溶液的酸性：Y>W 【答案】C【解析】根据第一电离能递变规律，可知其相对大小顺序为：F>O>Cl> Na ，A 项错误；根据非金属性：F>O>Cl ，可知简单离子的还原性：2Cl F O --->>，B 项错误；根据离子半径的变化规律，可知简单离子半径：2F Cl O Na ---+>>>，C 项正确；氢化物水溶液的酸性：HF<HCl ，D 项错误。
山东省2020年普通高中学业水平等级考试思想政治答案解析一、选择题1.【答案】B【解析】A：社会必要劳动时间决定商品价值量，该企业自动化生产率的采用仅仅缩短的是个别劳动时间，并未缩短社会必要劳动时间，因此不会降低商品价值量，A错误。
B：商品价值量是由生产商品的社会必要劳动时间决定的，该企业自动化生产率的采用会使单个企业缩短个别劳动时间，为自己的商品赢得降价空间，B正确。
C：该企业自动化生产率的采用提高了个别劳动生产率，并未提高社会劳动生产率，C错误。
D：商品的自然属性指的是商品的使用价值，该企业自动化生产率的采用提高了个别劳动生产率，缩短了个别劳动时间，单位时间内可生产出更多商品，增加商品的使用价值总量，但未增加单位商品的使用价值，D排除。
故本题选B。
2.【答案】B【解析】其他条件不变意味着价格不变。
图示显示供给曲线未发生变化，意味着供给不变；同时显示需求曲线向左移动，意味着需求减少。
①：乙商品的价格升高，会导致乙商品的需求量减少，甲与乙是互补品，甲商品的需求量减少，①符合题意。
②：丙商品的价格升高，会导致丙商品的需求量减少，甲与丙是互替，甲商品的需求量增加，②不符合题意。
③：消费者对甲商品的偏好程度增强，会促使消费者增加对甲商品的需求，③不符合题意。
④：消费者预期甲商品的价格将下降，会推迟人们对甲商品的需求，当前对甲商品的需求减少，④符合题意。
故本题选B。
3.【答案】D【解析】①：国有企业进行混合所有制改革有利于国有资本增强控制力、提高竞争力，而不是“保持国有资本的绝对控股地位”，①说法有误。
②：一方面，该公司的全体股东对债务承担的是有限责任，而不是无限责任，另一方面，材料中的混合改革也不能减轻其债务负担，②错误。
③：该国有航空公司让核心员工持股，有助于发挥股权激励效应，调动员工积极性，③正确。
④：由题意知，某国有航空物流公司实行混合所有制，用国有资本引入非国有资本，带动了非国有资本投入，发挥了不同所有制资本的优势，有利于各种所有制资本取长补短、相互促进、共同发展，故④符合题意。
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语APOETRY CHALLENGEWrite a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.Prizes3 Grand Prizes：Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.6 First Prizes：The book Sky Pioneer：A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.50 Honorable Mentions：Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receivea T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.RulesFollow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper.■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, addr ess, telephone number, and birth date.■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Six.2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get?A. A plane ticket.B. A book by Corinne Szabo.C. A special T-shirt.D. A photo of Amelia Earhart.3. Which of the following will result in disqualification?A. Typing your poem out.B. Writing a poem of 120 words.C. Using both sides of the paper.D. Mailing your entry on October 30.BJenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning anursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and becam e the first in her large family to earn a bachelor’s degree.Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition（学费）, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursu e her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed （牺牲）to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,” she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family —and that’s pretty powerful.4. What did Jennifer do after high school?A. She helped her dad with his work.B. She ran the family farm on her own.C. She supported herself through college.D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home.5. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield?A. To take care of her kids easily.B. To learn from the best nurses.C. To save money for her parents.D. To find a well-paid job there.6. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?A. Her health.B. Her time with family.C. Her reputation.D. Her chance of promotion.7. What can we learn from Jenifer’s story?A. Time is money.B. Love breaks down barriers.C. Hard work pays offD. Education is the key to success.CIn the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months,physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book,Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral（葬礼）followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.8. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?A. His friends’ invitation.B. His interest in the country.C. His love for teaching.D. His desire to regain health.9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Developing a serious mental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell’s road trip in Uzbekistan?A. Romantic.B. Eventful.C. Pleasant.D. Dangerous.11. What is the purpose of this text?A. To introduce a book.B. To explain a cultural phenomenon.C. To remember a writer.D. To recommend a travel destination.DAccording to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habitsof our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）, it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly（表面上）participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we’re making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she’s having” effect. However, we’ll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I?12. What is the recent study mainly about?A. Food safety.B. Movie viewership.C. Consumer demand.D. Eating behavior.13. What does the underlined word "beanpoles" in paragraph 1 refer to?A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persons.C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persons.14. Why did the researchers hire the actor?A. To see how she would affect the participants.B. To test if the participants could recognize her.C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.D. To study why she could keep her weight down.15. On what basis do we "adjust the influence" according to the last paragraph?A. How hungry we are.B. How slim we want to be.C. How we perceive others.D. How we feel about the food.第二节（共5小题：每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分）阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年山东省高考语文试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷) 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
材料一：历史地理学的起源至少可以追溯到我国最早的地理学著作《禹贡》。
这篇托名大禹的著作实际产生在战国后期。
《禹贡》虽以记载传说中的大禹治水后的地理状况为主，但也包含了对以往地理现象的追溯，含有历史地理学的成分。
成书于公元1世纪的《汉书·地理志》对见于典籍记载的重要地理要素，包括古国、历史政区、地名、河流、山岭、古迹等都做了记载和简要考证，并不局限于西汉一朝。
作者班固比较充分地利用已有的地理记载和地理研究成果，使得中国历史地理学研究初具雏形。
同样，成书于公元6世纪的《水经注》也从传世的数百种地理著作中搜集整理了大量史料，并做了深入的考证和研究。
今天，我们之所以还能知道先秦的某一个地名在现在的什么地方，能知道秦汉以降的疆域范围，能够大致了解黄河早期的几次改道，都离不开这两种著作。
在中国漫长的历史中，皇朝的更迭、政权的兴衰、疆城的盈缩、政区的分合和地名的更改不断发生；黄河下游及其支流的频繁决溢改道又经常引起有关地区地貌及水系的变迁，给社会生活带来相当大的影响。
中国古代繁荣的文化使这些变化大多得到了及时而详尽的记载，但由于在如此巨大的空间和时间中所发生的变化是如此复杂，已不是一般学者所能随意涉足，因而产生了一门专门学问——沿革地理。
沿革地理研究的内容关系到国计民生，也是治学的基础，例如历史地名的注释和考证、历代疆域和政区的变迁、黄河等水道的变迁，特别是与儒家经典和传统正史的理解有关的地理名称和地理知识,都被看成是治学的基本功。
沿革地理的成就在清代中期达到高峰，很多乾嘉学者致力于此。
但是沿革地理并不等于历史地理学，二者不仅有量的不同，而且有质的区别。
就研究内容而言，前者主要是疆域政区、地名和水道的变迁，后者却涉及地理学的各个分支。
第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
APOETRY CHALLENGEWrite a poem about how courage,determination,and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.Prizes3Grand Prizes :Trip to Washington,D.C.for each of three winners,a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice.Trip includes round-trip air tickets,hotel stay for two nights,and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.6First Prizes :The book Sky Pioneer:A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.50Honorable Mentions :Judges will choose up to 50honorable mention winners,who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.RulesFollow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.■Write a poem using 100words or fewer.Your poem can be any format ,any number of lines.■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper .You may use both the front and back of the paper.■On the same sheet of paper,write or type your name,address,telephone number,and birth date.■Mail your entry to us by October 31this year.1.How many people can each grand prize winner take on the freetrip?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Six.2.What will each of the honorable mention winners get?A.A plane ticket.B.A book by Corinne Szabo.C.A special T-shirt.D.A photo of Amelia Earhart.3.Which of the following will result in disqualification?A.Typing your poem out.B.Writing a poem of120words.ing both sides of the paper.D.Mailing your entry on October30.BJenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree.That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.Mauer,of Edgar,Wisconsin,grew up on a farm in a family of10children.Her dad worked at a job away from the farm,and her mother ran the farm with the kids.After high school,Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费),because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.After graduation,she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own.She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves:nursing.She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home.She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.Jenifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree:Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.Through it all,she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors.Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲)to achieve her goal,giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.''Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,''she says.However,her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree.Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that's pretty powerful.4.What did Jennifer do after high school?A.She helped her dad with his work.B.She ran the family farm on her own.C.She supported herself through college.D.She taught her sisters and brothers at home.5.Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield?A.To take care of her kids easily.B.To learn from the best nurses.C.To save money for her parents.D.To find a well-paid job there.6.What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?A.Her health.B.Her time with family.C.Her reputation.D.Her chance of promotion.7.What can we learn from Jenifer's story?A.Time is money.B.Love breaks down barriers.C.Hard work pays off.cation is the key to success.CIn the mid-1990s,Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind.A few years later,still attracted to the country,he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit,however,ended up involving a lot more than that.Hence this book,Chasing the Sea:Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia,which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan,where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land,and of the people he meets on his way:Rustam,his translator,a lovely24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California,Oleg and Natasha,his hosts in Tashkent,and a string of foreign aid workers.This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan,made of friendliness and warmth,but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand,Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders,while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing.In Ferghana,he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party.And in Karakalpakstan,he is saddened by the dust storms,diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references,making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan,seen from Western eyes.His judgment and references are decidedly American,as well as his delicate stomach.As the author explains,this is neither a travel nor a history book,or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is,the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.8.What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?A.His friends'invitation.B.His interest in the country.C.His love for teaching.D.His desire to regain health.9.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph2refer to?A.Developing a serious mental disease.B.Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C.Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D.Writing an article about the Aral Sea.10.Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?A.Romantic.B.Eventful.C.Pleasant.D.Dangerous.11.What is the purpose of this text?A.To introduce a book.B.To explain a cultural phenomenon.C.To remember a writer.D.To recommend a travel destination.DAccording to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research,both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份),it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits,the researchers conducted two experiments.In the first, 95undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership.Before the film began,each woman was asked to help herself to a snack.An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.In her natural state,the actor weighed105pounds.But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to180pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food.The participants followed suit,taking more food than they normally would have.However,they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test,in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls.In the other case, she took30pieces.The results were similar to the first test:the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took30pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions.If this fellow participant is going to eat more,so will I.Call it the“I’ll have what she's having”effect.However,we'll adjust the influence.If an overweight person is having a large portion,I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.But if a thin person eats a lot,I'll follow suit.If he can eat much and keep slim,why can't I?12.What is the recent study mainly about?A.Food safety.B.Movie viewership.C.Consumer demand.D.Eating behavior.13.What does the underlined word“beanpoles”in paragraph1refer to?A.Big eaters.B.Overweight persons.C.Picky eaters.D.Tall thin persons.14.Why did the researchers hire the actor?A.To see how she would affect the participants.B.To test if the participants could recognize her.C.To find out what she would do in the two tests.D.To study why she could keep her weight down.15.On what basis do we“adjust the influence”according to the last paragraph?A.How hungry we are.B.How slim we want to be.C.How we perceive others.D.How we feel about the food.第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
山东省2020年普通高中学业水平等级考试（全国新高考Ⅰ卷）整理：杨环宇一、选择题下图为某区域滑坡与地貌演化关系示意图。
读图完成1-2题。
1.推断图中滑坡体的滑动方向为 A.由北向南 B.由西向东 C.由西北向东南 D.由东北向西南【解析】根据图中指向标,结合图例可以推断,滑坡体边界位于西北且向西北方向凸出,被掩埋的古河道的河流阶地位于东南部,据此可以推断滑坡体的滑动方向是由西北向东南（古冲沟走向更多为西北—东南，可知古地势为西北高、东南低）。
答案C2.图中序号所示地理事象形成的先后顺序是A.②③④①B.②①③④C.③①④②D.③②①④【解析】图中所示序号中最先有古河道，根据上题分析可知，该区域滑坡体自西北向东南方向滑动，滑坡体掩埋了部分河流阶地，同时，滑坡体阻塞了古河道，形成古堰塞湖，之后堰塞体垮塌，形成新的河道，因此图中所示序号发生的先后顺序为③②①④。
答案D家住北方某县的小王夫妇，效仿村里一些年轻人的做法，在自家5亩耕地上栽植了杨树后就外出打工了。
八年后，小王夫妇将已成材的杨树出售，获利24000元。
与原来种植粮食作物、蔬菜等相比，这些收入虽不丰厚，但他们还算满意。
据调查，该县耕地上栽植杨树的面积约占耕地总面积的10%，这种“农地杨树化”现象引起了有关专家的高度关注。
据此完成3-4题。
3.当地“农地杨树化”的主要原因是 A.生态效益高 B.木材销路好 C.劳动投入少 D.种树有补贴【解析】根据材料信息可知，当地年轻人在自家耕地上栽种杨树之后外出务工，几年后待杨树成材后出售，从而获得一定的经济收入，这个过程中劳动投入少，还可以兼顾务工（且以务工为主），所以“农地杨树化”现象突出，并不是因为其生态效益高或是木材销路好，C正确，AB错；材料中并无信息表明种树有补贴，D错。
答案C4.针对“农地杨树化”引起的问题，可采取的措施是A.加大开荒力度B.增加木材进口C.增加粮食进口D.鼓励农地流转【解析】根据材料“该县耕地上栽植杨树的面积约占耕地总面积的10%”可知，“农地杨树化”使得耕地资源造成一定的浪费，可通过鼓励农地流转，一方面，当地农民可在耕地流转过程中获得一定的收入，另一方面，通过实行农地流转，可减少耕地资源的浪费，D正确；当地年轻劳动力外出务工，农村劳动力不足，部分耕地弃耕，因此才会出现“农地杨树化”的现象，并非当地耕地不足（所以无加大开荒力度的必要），也不是当地木材不足或粮食缺口，ABC错误。
绝密★启用前2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文本卷满分150分，考试时间150分钟。
注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
材料一：历史地理学的起源至少可以追溯到我国最早的地理学著作《禹贡》。
这篇托名大禹的著作实际产生在战国后期。
《禹贡》虽以记载传说中的大禹治水后的地理状况为主，但也包含了对以往地理现象的追溯，含有历史地理学的成分。
成书于公元1世纪的《汉书·地理志》对见于典籍记载的重要地理要素，包括古国、历史政区、地名、河流、山岭、古迹等都做了记载和简要考证，并不局限于西汉一朝。
作者班固比较充分地利用已有的地理记载和地理研究成果，使得中国历史地理学研究初具雏形。
同样，成书于公元6世纪的《水经注》也从传世的数百种地理著作中搜集整理了大量史料，并做了深入的考证和研究。
今天，我们之所以还能知道先秦的某一个地名在现在的什么地方，能知道秦汉以降的疆域范围，能够大致了解黄河早期的几次改道，都离不开这两种著作。
在中国漫长的历史中，皇朝的更迭、政权的兴衰、疆城的盈缩、政区的分合和地名的更改不断发生；黄河下游及其支流的频繁决溢改道又经常引起有关地区地貌及水系的变迁，给社会生活带来相当大的影响。
中国古代繁荣的文化使这些变化大多得到了及时而详尽的记载，但由于在如此巨大的空间和时间中所发生的变化是如此复杂，已不是一般学者所能随意涉足，因而产生了一门专门学问——沿革地理。
沿革地理研究的内容关系到国计民生，也是治学的基础，例如历史地名的注释和考证、历代疆域和政区的变迁、黄河等水道的变迁，特别是与儒家经典和传统正史的理解有关的地理名称和地理知识,都被看成是治学的基本功。
山东省2020年普通高中学业水平等级考试地理一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题3分，共45分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
图1为某区域滑坡与地貌演化关系示意图。
读图完成1～2题。
1．推断图中滑坡体的滑动方向为A．由北向南B．由西向东C．由西北向东南D．由东北向西南（C）冲沟的流向判断地势变化，由图可知，滑坡区域，地势西北高东南低，由此可得滑坡方向为由西北向东南2．图中序号所示地理事象形成的先后顺序是A．②③④①B．②①③④C．③①④②D．③②①④（D）最先存在古河道;发生滑坡后，堵塞河道，掩埋了阶地;河道不通，形成堰塞湖;湖水溢出后，又形成新河道家住北方某县的小王夫妇，效仿村里一些年轻人的做法，在自家5亩耕地上栽植了杨树后就外出打工了。
八年后，小王夫妇将已成材的杨树出售，获利24000元。
与原来种植粮食作物、蔬菜等相比，这些收入虽不丰厚，但他们还算满意。
据调查，该县耕地上栽植杨树的面积约占耕地总面积的10%，这种“农地杨树化”现象引起了有关专家的高度关注。
据此完成3～4题。
3．当地“农地杨树化”的主要原因是A．生态效益高B．木材销路好C．劳动投入少D．种树有补贴（C）年轻人选择外出打工，说明打工比在家种地收益高，粮食蔬菜价格比木材高，但种植耗时耗力，不能与外出打工兼顾，所以选择劳动投入少的树木4．针对“农地杨树化”引起的问题，可采取的措施是A．加大开荒力度B．增加木材进口C．增加粮食进口D．鼓励农地流转（D）土地流转是指土地使用权流转。
是指拥有土地承包经营权的农户将土地经营权（使用权）转让给其他农户或经济组织。
土地流转是个新名词，也是当下农村土地利用的新形式，针对当前农村问题的新举措。
外出务工收益更高；农业生产力提高，农村劳动力剩余，这些都导致青壮年大量外出。
农村闲置土地大增，大量种树或者荒芜会影响到国家粮食安全，土地流转将闲置土地承包给个人或组织，建设大农业生产，保证粮食安全，提高农民收入，转让使用权者也可获得一定收益同城化是指两个或两个以上相邻城市紧密联系、协调发展、共享发展成果的现象。
公路客流能够反映城市间的日常人口流动方向和强度，是分析判断城市间关系的重要指标。
图2示意安徽省2011年8月行政区划调整前的中心城市间公路客流状况。
滁州的首位客运流向为南京，次位客运流向为合肥，两个方向的客流量相差很小。
据此完成5—6题。
5．下列城市组合中，最适宜推进同城化的是A．安庆—池州B．合肥—巢湖C．亳州—阜阳D．芜湖—铜陵（B）同城化的条件一是相邻，二是关系密切，关系密切程度通过公路客流判断，符合条件的是淮北、宿州；合肥、巢湖6．合肥虽为滁州的次位客运流向，但滁州发往合肥的客流量与发往南京的相差很小，其主要原因是A．南京经济发展水平高B．滁州与南京距离更近C．滁州与合肥行政联系密切D．合肥与南京均为省会城市（C）南京与合肥是同等级别的城市，但南京距离滁州更近，在经济联系上，南京作用更强，所以成为首要客运流向，合肥是安徽的行政中心，在行政上滁州离不开合肥，所以虽是次要流向，但与南京相差不大2020年5月27日上午11点整，中国珠峰高程测量登山队将五星红旗插上世界最高峰峰顶，实现了四十五年后我国测绘队员的再次登顶。
从位于5200m的大本营向上，队员们要经过甲、乙、丙、丁四个营地（图3），其中一个营地由于空气流通不畅，容易引起高原反应，被称为“魔鬼营地”。
据此完成7～8题。
7．图中“魔鬼营地”是A．甲B．乙C．丙D．丁（A）魔鬼营地空气流通不畅，由图可知与地形联系密切，地势较低且相对封闭的区域，空气流通效果差，易造成含氧量低，图中甲处三面环山，相对封闭，形成魔鬼营地8．5月27日位于28°N的温州昼长为13时44分，该日珠峰顶部（28°N，87°E）日出时刻在北京时间A．7：20以前B．7：20—7：39 C．7：40—8：00 D．8：00以后（A）温州与珠峰纬度相同，昼、夜时长相同，珠峰的昼长13时44分，可以算得珠峰日出地方时为5：08，通过时间换算，得到北京时间为约7：20，由于主峰海拔较高，观测日出时间会提前奥赫里德湖和普雷斯帕湖位于巴尔干半岛，是沿断层形成的典型构造湖，由岩性为石灰岩的加利契察山相隔（图4）。
奧赫里德湖面积348km2，湖面海拔695m，平均深度144.8m，湖水透明度21.5m，是欧洲透明度最高的湖泊，渔产不甚丰富；普雷斯帕湖面积275km2，湖面海拔853m，平均深度18.7m，湖水透明度1.5～7.2m，透明度湖心最大、近岸较小，渔产颇丰。
据此完成9～10题。
9．奥赫里德湖湖水的主要补给来源是A．雨水B．河流水C．地下水D．冰雪融水（C）两湖由透水性较强的石灰岩隔开，且湖面海拔差距较大，根据连通器原理，奥赫里德湖会源源不断的获得普雷斯帕渗水补给10．导致两湖渔产差异的主要因素是A．水温B．水深C．水量D．水质（D）水至清则无鱼，水质好，营养物质好量少，鱼类食物来源短缺改革开放以来，我国汽车产业政策不断调整，汽车产业得到了快速发展。
上汽集团成立于1984年，是国内最早的汽车集团之一。
1994～2016年，上汽集团的扩张经历了“本地多样化—初步的市外扩张—以市外扩张为主”三个阶段。
其中，第一阶段在上海市建成了完备的汽车生产及配套体系，第二、三阶段向江苏等地扩张（图5）。
据此完成11～12题。
11．上汽集团“本地多样化”扩张的主要目的是A．提高研发水平B．满足生产需要C．带动当地就业D．提高生产效率（B）集团扩张经历三阶段，第一阶段“本地多样化”，“建成完备的汽车生产及配套体系”，通过审题即可获得，第一阶段的目的，满足生产需求12．依据上汽集团的扩张历程判断，图中K、N、P、V分别代表A．研发、总部、制造、销售B．销售、总部、制造、研发C．总部、研发、销售、制造D．研发、总部、销售、制造（A）第二阶段P环节先转移，首先向外转移的是低端制造业，降低成本，然后是占据市场的销售环节V，总部N一直位于上海市中心城区山地地形影响气候特性，进而使山地景观类型随海拔升高而变化。
太行山区地处华北地区，其间分布有盆地和丘陵；黔桂喀斯特山区岩溶地貌发育，形成了基座相连、异常陡峭的峰丛—洼地集合体。
图6示意两山区各景观类型沿海拔梯度分布的面积占比情况。
据此完成13～15题。
13．与黔桂喀斯特山区相比，太行山区针叶林A．垂直分布高差大B．总分布面积占比小C．各海拔梯度均有分布D．面积占比最大处海拔低（B）读图分析，太行山区针叶林分布高度位于1000--2800米的范围内，高差1800米，黔桂山区从0--2800米范围内均有分布，高差2800米，所以太行山区针叶林分布高差小；两幅图本身就是面积比例图，很明显看出，黔桂山区针叶林面积比重大14．黔桂喀斯特山区较低海拔区针叶林面积占比较高，主要由于该山区A．山体陡峭B．水分充足C．土壤肥沃D．热量充足（A）喀斯特山区形成陡峭的峰丛，地势的变化引发自然条件恶化，水，热，土不在适应当地常绿阔叶林生长，促使针叶林面积比重较高15．两山区农田分布上限存在差异的主要原因是A．光照条件不同B．水热组合不同C．耕作技术不同D．耕种历史不同（B）由图可知，黔桂山区农田分布上限要明显高于太行山区，这与两地气候类型密切相关，黔桂山区属于纬度较低的亚热带季风气候，在海拔高处水热状况也可以满足农业生产二、非选择题：本题共4小题，共55分。
16．阅读图文资料，完成下列要求。
（12分）河西走廊西大河流域的永昌盆地介于永昌南山与永昌北山之间（图7），海拔1875～2106m，地势自西南向东北倾斜。
盆地内分布有若干块湿地，这些湿地的形成是地形、地质条件及地表水、地下水共同作用的结果。
金川峡水库位于盆地最低处，是当地生产和生活的重要水源地。
（1）从地形、地质角度分析湿地的成因。
（6分）（盆地地形，易于积水；地势西南高，东北低，有河流水补给水源；断层处有泉水出漏补给湿地）（2）说明永昌盆地内湿地对金川峡水库的意义。
（6分）（湿地让水库的补给水源稳定；湿地可以过滤水中的杂质降低含沙量，提高水库水质）17．阅读图文资料，完成下列要求。
（14分）露点是空气因冷却而达到饱和时的温度，其数值越大，反映空气中水汽含量越大。
一般情况下，温度相同时湿空气要比干空气密度小。
两个温度相近的干、湿气团相遇所形成的锋，称为干线。
图8为北美洲部分地区某时刻主要气象要素分布形势示意图，来自极地、太平洋和墨西哥湾的三种性质不同的气团，在落基山以东平原地区交绥形成三个锋：冷锋、暖锋和干线。
（1）用符号在图中适当位置绘出冷锋、暖锋。
（4分）（锋面是能暖气团的交界面，图中已绘制了干线，冷暖气团通过温度值判断，找到锋线的位置，再根据主导风向，判断冷暖锋）（2）分析图中干线附近产生降水的原因。
（4分）（干线附近湿空气密度小，被迫抬升，海拔高气温低，成云致雨）（3）说明图示区域地形对干线形成的影响。
（6分）（干线西侧是翻越高山的来自太平洋的气流，属于干燥的焚风，干线右侧是来自墨西哥湾的水汽充足的气流，经过中部平原，性质变化不大）18．阅读图文资料，完成下列要求。
（15分）可可为常绿乔木，主要分布在南北纬20°之间的地区，对生长条件要求严格，干季、湿季过长均不利于其生长。
可可幼苗生长时需要荫蔽条件，收获时需要迅速采摘晾晒防止霉烂（图9）。
加纳位于非洲西部，可可产业是该国支柱产业之一。
自十九世纪中叶可可从中美洲引种到加纳之后，在中南部地区形成了适合当地气候特点的种植方式，并逐步发展成可可种植带（图10）。
当地农民多在3月将可可幼苗随同谷物一起播种，直到五年后可可开始结果时才停止混播，图11为加纳可可带降雨量与农业生产活动安排示意图。
加纳可可带以北的热带草原区则以薯类和谷物种植业为主，农忙主要在其湿季。
（1）概括加纳可可带降水的季节变化特征。
（3分）（降水信息可从图11直接获得，季节差异明显，集中于4、5、6、9、10、11月份，其他时间降水较少，分为两个干季两个湿季）（2）说明加纳可可带农业生产活动的优点。
（6分）（可可幼苗与谷物一同播种，即为幼苗遮阴，又可获得粮食；可可与谷物的农事活动做到忙闲错开，提高生产效率）（3）每年9月到次年1月，加纳北部热带草原区的农民大规模移动到可可带，分析其原因。
（6分）（结合图10与图11，此段时间是可可收获的大季，且降水较多，为防霉烂，保证质量，需要大量劳动力及时采摘晾晒，而此时北方的草原区属于干季，有大量农闲劳动力）19．阅读图文资料，完成下列要求。
（14分）西柳沟是黄河内蒙古段的一级支流，流域面积1356 km2（图12），是黄河粗泥沙的重要来源区之一。
2019年5月，某中学地理研学小组在水土保持专家许教授指导下，对西柳沟开展了以“黄河上游流域治理与生态文明建设”为主题的考察活动。
