2016年职称英语理工类A专家预测卷

职称英语理工类A级考前押题试卷（一）一、词汇选项1. It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatment.A. unforgettableB. unbelievableC. unfairD. unthinkable2. The curious look from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy.A. difficultB. worriedC. anxiousD. unhappy3. It is said that the houses along this street will soon be demolished.A. pulled downB. rebuiltC. renovatedD. whitewashed4. The advertising company was surprised by the adverse public reaction to the poster.A. delayedB. quickC. positiveD. unfavorable5. He began his talk by giving a concise definition of post-modernism.A. long and detailed C. comprehensiveB. short and clear D. professional6. It took me exactly a week to complete the work.A. doB. achieveC. improveD. finish7. The herb medicine eventually cured her disease.A. nicelyB. apparentlyC. finallyD. naturally8. We had a long conversation about her parents.A. talkB. speechC. debateD. discussion9. Please let me know if you are unable to attend the meeting.A. go toB. prepare forC. speak toD. do to10. He have made up his mind to give up smoking.A. triedB. attemptedC. agreedD. decided11. The little girl grasped her mother’s arm as she crossed the street.A. understoodB. had a hold overC. took hold ofD. left hold of12. In judging our work you should take into consideration the fact that we have been very busy recently.A. thoughtB. mindC. accountD. memory13. I can no longer tolerate his actions.A. put up withB. acceptC. takeD. suffer from14. The doctors have abandoned the hope to rescue the old man.A. leftB. given upC. turned downD. refused15. Have you talked to her lately?A. lastlyB. shortlyC. recentlyD. immediately二、阅读判断The Biology of MusicHumans use music as a powerful way to communicate. It may also play an important role in love. But what is music, and how does it work its magic? Science does not yet have all the answers.What are two things that make humans different from animals? One is language, and theother is music. It is true that some animals can sing (and many birds sing better than a lot of people). However, the songs of animals, such as birds and whales, are very limited. It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments.Music is strange stuff. It is clearly different from language. However, people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions. When music is combined with speech in a song, it is a very powerful form of communication. But, biologically speaking, what is music?If music is truly different from speech, then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain. The scientific evidence suggests that this is true.Sometimes people who suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language. However, they don’t automatically lose their musical abilities. For example, Vissarion Shebalin, a Russian composer, had a stroke in 1953. It injured the left side of his brain. He could no longer speak or understand speech. He could, however, still compose music until his death ten years later. On the other hand, sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability, but they can still speak and understand speech. This shows that the brain processes music and language separately.By studying the physical effects of music on the body, scientists have also learned a lot about how music influences the emotions. But why does music have such a strong effect on us? That is a harder question to answer. Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College, London, thinks that music and love have a strong connection. Music requires special talent, practice, and physical ability. That’s why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone’s mate. For example, singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control. You also need a good memory to remember the notes. And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition. Finally, when a man sings to the woman he loves (or vice versa), it may be a way of showing off.However, Miller’s theory still doesn’t explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply. For scientists, this is clearly an area that needs further research.16. Humans, but not animals, can sing.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. People can use music to communicate their emotions.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. We use the same part of the brain for music and language.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Geoffery Miler has done research on music and emotions.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. It’s hard for humans to compose music.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. Memory is not an important part in singing in tune.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. Scientists does not know all the answers about the effects of music on humans.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned三、概括大意与完成句子More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers.3 These findings, which Dr. Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside4 more than 8 hours a night. He added that “it might be a good idea” for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.4 Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep — for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.5 For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning.6 Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed. “It stands to reasons6 that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they’ll spend a higher percentage of time awake,” he said.23. Paragraph 2__________24. Paragraph 4__________25. Paragraph 5__________26. Paragraph 6__________A. Kripke’s Research ToolB. Dangers of Habitual Shortages of SleepC. Criticism on Kripke’s ReportD. A Way of Overcoming InsomniaE. Sleep Problems of Long and Short SleepersF. Classification of Sleep Problems27. To get a good night’s rest, people may not need to__________ .28. Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to__________ .29. One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to__________ .30. One survey showed that people who habitually each night have a higher risk of dying__________.A. fall asleep againB. become more energetic the following dayC. sleep less than 7 hoursD. confirm those serious consequencesE. suffer sleep problemsF. sleep more than 8 hours四、阅读理解第一篇Ford Abandons Electric VehiclesThe Ford motor company’s abandonment of electric cars effectively signals the end of the road for the technology, analysts say.General Motors and Honda ceased production of battery-powered cars in 1999, to focus on fuel cell and hybrid electric gasoline engines, which are more attractive to the consumer. Ford has now announced it will do the same.Three years ago, the company introduced the Think City two-seater car and a golf cart called the THINK or Think Neighhor. It hoped to sell 5,000 cars each year and 10,000 carts. But a lack of demand means only about 1,000 of the cars have been produced, and less than 1,700 carts have been sold so far in 2002.“The bottom line is we don’t believe that this is the future of environment transport for the mass market,” Tim Holmes of Ford Europe said on Friday. “We feel we have given electric our best shot.” The Think City has a range of only about 53 miles and up to a six-hour battery recharge time. General Motors’ EVI electric vehicle also had a limited range, of about 100 miles.The very expensive batteries also mean electric cars cost much more than petrol-powered alternatives. An electric Toyota RAV4 EV vehicle costs over $42,000 in the US, compared with just $17,000 for the petrol version. Toyota and Nissan are now the only major auto manufacturers to produce electric vehicles.“There is a feeling that battery electric has been given its chance. Ford now has to move on with its hybrid program, and that is what we will be judging them on,” Roger Higman, a senior transport campaigner at UK Friends of the Earth, told the Environment News Service.Hybrid cars introduced by Toyota and Honda in the past few years have sold well. Hybrid engines offer greater mileage than petrol-only engines, and the batteries recharge themselves. Ford says it thinks such vehicles will help it meet planned new guidelines on vehicle emissions in the US.However t it is not yet clear exactly what those guidelines will permit. In June, General Motors and Daimler Chrysler won a court injunction, delaying by two years Californian legislation requiring car-makers to offer 100,000 zero-emission and other low-emission vehicles in the state by 2003. Car manufacturers hope the legislation will be rewritten to allow for more low-emission, rather than zero-emission, vehicles.31. What have the Ford motor company, General Motor’s and Honda done concerning electric cars?A. They have started to produce electric cars.B. They have done extensive research on electric cars.C. They have given up producing electric cars.D. They have produced thousands of electric cars.32. According to Tim Holmes of Ford Europe, battery-powered cars ________A. will be the main transportation vehicles in the future.B. will not be the main transportation vehicles in the future.C. will be good to the environment in the future.D. will replace petrol-powered vehicles in the future.33. Which auto manufacturers are still producing electric vehicles?A. Toyota and Nissan.B. General Motor’s and Honda.C. Ford and Toyota.D. Honda and Toyata.34. According to the eighth paragraph, hybrid cars ________A. offer fewer mileage than petrol driven cars.B. run faster than petrol driven cars.C. run more miles than petrol driven cars.D. offer more batteries than petrol driven cars.35. Which of the following is true about the hope of car manufacturers according to the last paragraph?A. Low-emission cars should be banned.B. Only zero-emission cars are allowed to run on motorways.C. The legislation will encourage car makers to produce more electric cars.D. The legislation will allow more low-emission to be produced.第二篇I’ll Be BachComposer David Cope is the inventor of a computer program that writes original works of classical music. It took Cope 30 years to develop the software. Now most people can’t tell the difference between music by the famous German composer J. S. Bach (1685-1750) and the Bach-like compositions from Cope’s computer.It all started in 1980 in the United States, when Cope was trying to write an opera. He was having trouble thinking of new melodies, so he wrote a computer program to create the melodies. At first this music was not easy to listen to. What did Cope do? He began to rethink how human beings compose music. He realized that composers, brains work like big databases. First, they take in all the music that they have ever heard. Then they take out the music that they dislike. Finally, they make new music from what is left. According to Cope, only the great composers are able to create the database accurately, remember it, and form new musical patterns from it.Cope built a huge database of existing music. He began with hundreds of works by Bach. The software analyzed the data：it broke it down into smaller pieces and looked for patterns. It then combined the pieces into new patterns. Before long, the program could compose short Bach-like works. They weren’t good, but it was a start.Cope knew he had more work to do-he had a whole opera to write. He continued to improve the software. Soon it could analyze more complex music. He also added many other composers, including his own work, to the database.A few years later, Cope’s computer program, called “Emmy”, was ready to help him with his opera. The process required a lot of collaboration between the composer and Emmy. Cope listened to the computer’s musical ideas and used the ones that he liked. With Emmy, the opera took only two weeks to finish. It was called Cradle Falling, and it was a great success! Cope received some of the best reviews of his career, but no one knew exactly how he had composed the work.Since that first opera, Emmy has written thousands of compositions. Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesn’t like of her music, but she is doing most of the hard work ofcomposing these days!36. The music composed by David cope is about ______.A. Classical musicB. pop musicC. dramaD. country music37. By developing a computer software, David cope aimed ______.A. to be like BachB. to study BachC. to write an operaD. to create a musical database38. What did cope realize about a great composer’s brain?A. It forms new musical patterns all by itselfB. It writes a computer programC. It can recognize any music patternsD. It creates an accurate database39. Who is Emmy?A. a databaseB. a computer softwareC. a composer who helped DavidD. an opera40. We can infer from the passage that ______.A. David Cope is a computer programmer.B. David Cope loves music.C. Bach’s music helped him a lot.D. Emmy did much more work than a composer.第三篇Citizen Scientists (C级)Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle event — flowering, the appearance of leaves, the first frog calls of the spring — all around the world. But ecologists can’t be everywhere so they’re turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists, for help.Climate scientists are not present everywhere. Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, they’re asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world. The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest — birds, trees, flowers budding, etc. — and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat, citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live. All that’s needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology Network. “Phenology” is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.One of the group’s first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year. The program, called Project BudBurst, collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants from across the United States. People participating in the project — which is open to everyone — record their observations on the Project BudBurst website. “People don’t have to be plant experts they just have to look around and see what’s in their neighborhood,” says Jennifer Schwartz, an education consultant with the project. “As we collect this data, we’ll be able to make an estimate of how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.”41. Ecologists turn to non-scientist citizens for help because they need them ______A. to provide their personal life cycles.B. to observe the life cycle of plants.C. to collect data of the life cycle of living things.D. to teach children knowledge about climate change.42. What are citizen scientists asked to do?A. To develop a specific research interest and become professional scientists.B. To send their research observations to a professional database.C. To increase their knowledge about climate change.D. To keep a record of their research observations.43. In “All that’s needed to become one… (paragraph2)”, what does the word “one” stands for?A. a citizen journalist.B. a citizen scientist.C. a scientist.D. a citizen.44. What is NOT true of Project BudBurst?A. Only experts can participate in it.B. Everybody can participate in it.C. It collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants.D. It has its own website.45. What is the final purpose of Project BudBurst?A. To study when plants will have their first buds.B. To find out the types of plants in the neighborhood.C. To collect life cycle data on a variety of common plants from across the United States.D. To investigate how plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.五、补全短文Mobile PhonesMobile phones should carry a label if they proved to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist. And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be built until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emit are scientifically evaluated, he said. “Nobody’s going to drop dead overnight but we should be asking for more scientific information,” Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation.46A. report widely circulated among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill-effets on humans from electromagnetic radiation. Accordingto Robert Bell, there are 3.3 million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by 2,000 a day. 47As well, there are 2,000 transmitter towers around Austrnlia, many in high density residential areas. 48 The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completed the Government should ban construction of phone towers from within a 500 metre radius of school grounds, child care centres, hospitals, sports playing fields and residential areas with a high percentage of children. 49_______ He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to electromagnetic waves the growth rate of the disease accelerates.50 According to Robert Bell, it is reasonable for the major telephone companies to fund it. Besides, he also urges the Government to set up a wide-ranging inquiry into possible health effects.A.He says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-level radiation at a rate more than three times that of adults.B. By the year 20004 it is estimated that Australia will have 8 million mobile phones: nearly one for every two people.C. “If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised,” he said.D. Then who finances the research?E. For example, Telstra, Optus and Vodaphone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to them and disregard the need of the community.F. The conclusion is that mobile phones brings more harm than benefit.六、完形填空Mashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries. 51 according to a study in Psychological Science, they’re good for your heart and 52 . The study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel."For me 53 ,food has always played a big role in my family,” says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study. The study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira Gabriel. It has 54 non-human things that may affect human emotions. Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their 55 TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones. Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect 56 making people think of their nearest and dearest. In one experiment, in order to make 57 feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them. Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. Then, some people in each 58 wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food.59 ,the researchers had participants 60 questions about their levels of loneliness.Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely. But people who were generally 61 in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food. "We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us. "says Troisi. "Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others. "In 62 essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the 63 of eating foodwith family and friends. In another experiment, 64 chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food. This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it. Throughout everyone’s daily lives they experience stress, often associated with our 65 with others," Troisi says. "Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness.51. A but B. if C. though D. while52. A personality B. movement C. emotions D. will53. A privately B. usefully C. awfully D. personally54. A looked for B. looked at C. looked after D. looked up55. A favorite B. trustful C. boring D. annoying56. A with B. on C. by D. at57. A professors B. participants C. assistants D. scientists58. A group B. class C. section D. part59. A Previously B. Formally C. Initially D. Finally60. A remember B. explain C. rewrite D. complete61. A sad B. secure C. shy D. angry62. A your B. our C. his D. their63. A accident B. harm C. experience D. model64. A eating B. exchanging C. buying D. keeping65. A expressions B. estimation C. cooperation D. connections职称英语理工类A级考前押题试卷（一）参考答案及解析一、词汇选项1. C shabby：不公正的；破旧的。