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一，五失本，三不易这是晋朝的译经大师道安总结译经的心得：将佛经从胡话（梵文）翻译成汉语有五种情况让翻译后的文字丧失掉原文的精髓和本质。
有三种原因造成翻译过程非常不容易。
“五失本”的情况是：(一)胡语里边，倒装句很多，翻译时必须要改过来，使之顺从汉语语法，适应中文的结构；(二)胡语的经典文字质朴，而中国人喜好文字华美，翻译时为了适合中国人好文的习惯，在文字上不得不加以润饰，以便流通；(三)胡经原原本本，十分详细，尤其是颂文部分，同一意义往往要反复三、四次，翻译时，对这些重复的句子要加以删略；(四)胡经中在长行之后，另有重颂，复述长行的内容，翻译时往往也得删除，才能使译文洗练；(五)胡经中，每说完一事，再说另一件事时，往往还要把前边那件事重说一遍，因此翻译时，也不得不对这些重复的话一并删除。
总之，翻译时，遇到达五种情况，译文在形式上绝不会与原本一致，道安允许这五种“失本”的情况，实际上是要求译文应该比较接近于汉文的规范。
“三不易”第一种情况是：佛经是佛因时而说的，古今时俗不同，要使古俗适应令时，不易做到。
第二种情况是要把佛经中圣智所说的微言大义传给凡愚的后人理解，时间相距很远，也不容易做到。
第三种情况是指佛经结集时，那些大智者还需要不时地相互审察、校写，如今由普普通通的人来传译，也是件很难的事。
道安提出这三点不外乎是要求译人注意到译经的艰辛，从而要求译人尽可能忠于译事。
二，十条八备“八备”，是指做好佛经翻译工作必须具备的八个最基本条件：(一)“诚心爱法，志愿益人，不惮久时，其备一也。
”即要求译经人诚心诚意接受佛法观点，立志做有益于他人的事业，不怕花费长久的时间。
(二)“将践觉场，先牢戒足，不染讥恶，其备二也。
”要求译经人品行端正，忠实可信，不惹别人讥笑厌恶。
(三)“签晓三藏，义贯两乘，不苦暗滞，其备三也。
”要求译经人对佛教经典有渊博知识，通达大小乘经论的义旨，不存在含糊疑难的问题。
(四)“旁涉坟史，工缀典词，不过鲁拙，其备四也。
苏洵《史论》补充翻译
原文：寿之志三国也，纪魏而传吴、蜀。
夫三国鼎立称帝，魏之不能有吴、蜀，犹吴、蜀之不能有魏也。
寿独以帝当魏而以臣视吴、蜀，吴、蜀于魏何有而然哉？此寿之失也。
噫！固讥迁失，而固亦未为得。
晔讥固失，而晔益甚，至寿复尔。
史之才诚难矣！后之史宜以是为鉴，无徒讥之也。
译文：陈寿写三国志，魏用纪而吴蜀用传。
三国鼎立而称帝，魏不希望有吴蜀存在，就好像吴蜀不希望有魏存在一样。
陈寿唯独称魏为帝而以臣子看待吴蜀，吴蜀对于魏为什么这样呢？这是陈寿的失误啊。
唉！班固指责司马迁的失误，而班固也没有做得准确。
范晔指责班固失误，可范晔更失误，到了陈寿又如此。
史学上的人才实在难得啊，后来的史学家们应该以此为鉴，不要只是指责他们啊。
一、爱补充：1、父母之爱．子，则为之计深远。
（动词，疼爱，爱护；父母疼爱自己的孩子，就必须为他考虑长远的利益。
）2、百姓皆以王为爱．也。
（形容词，吝啬；百姓都认为您是吝啬啊。
）二、安补充：1、离山十里有王平安．营（动词，安置，驻扎；离山十里有王平在那里安置营地。
）2、君子食无求饱，居无求安．。
（形容词，舒适，安适；君子饮食不求饱足，居住不要求舒适。
）三、被补充：1、一日昼寝帐中，落被．于地。
（名词，被子；有一天，曹操在帐中睡觉，故意把被子踢落。
）2、大雪逾岭，被．南越中数州。
（动词，覆盖；大雪飘过岭南，覆盖了南越一带好几个州。
）3、世之有饥穰，天之行也，禹、汤被．之矣。
（动词，遭受；世上有灾年和丰年，是自然界的规律，禹、汤这样的贤君也曾遭受过。
）4、去乱而被．之以治。
（动词，施加，施及；去除动乱并且加以治理。
）四、倍补充：1、虽倍．赏累罚而不免予乱。
（动词，加倍；即使君主加倍赏赐群臣，并且使用更残酷的刑法去惩罚罪犯，也不能免于使国家陷入乱世的局面。
）2、管仲反，入，倍．屏而立，公不与言。
（动词，背向；管仲返回进来，背向屏风站立。
公不和他说话。
）3、焉用亡郑以倍．邻。
（动词，增益；怎么能用灭掉郑国来加强邻国）4、倍．道而行，则天不能使之吉。
（动词，通“背”，背叛，违背；(违背事物规律而胡乱行动，那末天就不可能使人得到好结果。
）五、本补充：1、强本．而节用。
（名词，本业，指农桑；加强农业生产而又节约开支）2、抑本．其成败之迹，而皆自于人欤。
（动词，推究本原，考查；或者推究他成功失败的原因,都是出自于人事呢?）3、今存其本．不忍废。
（名词，稿本；现在保留着底稿舍不得丢掉）六、鄙补充：1、越国以鄙．远，君知其难也。
（动词，以……为边界；越过晋国把远方的郑国作为秦国的东部边境，您知道是困难的）2、孔子鄙．其小器。
（动词，轻视；孔子轻视他器量狭小。
）3、恨私心有所不尽，鄙陋没世而文采不表于后世。
（形容词，鄙陋，见识浅，庸俗；遗憾我的心愿尚未完全实现，默默无闻而死，而文采不能显露给后世的人们。
1.To speak of American literature,then,is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe.Broadly speaking,America and Europe have kept steps.At any given moment the traveller could find examples in both of the same architecture,the same styles in dress,the same books on the shelves.译文：因此，在说到美国文学的时候，就不能认定它和欧洲文学是截然不同的。
从广义上讲，美国和欧洲保持了步调的一致。
在任何时候，旅行者都可以在欧美两地发现同样的建筑，同样的服装式样，在书架上找到同样的书籍。
2.He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own,which in several ways still resembles his own----and which is yet a foreign country.译文：他所审视的这个国家从几个重要的方面来看都脱胎于他自己的国家，在好些地方至今仍然和他自己的国家很相像----然而它却是一个外国。
3.The greatest legacy of the babyboom generation’s early childhood has been that it asked all the right questions but resolved nothing.译文：二战后的生育高峰里出生的一代人成熟较早，给后代的最大精神影响是：他们提出了一切该提出的问题，可是没有解决任何问题。
原文：子曰：“为仁者，要之也。
为智者，要之也。
要之也，非其难者也。
不在其位，不谋其政。
谋其政，不为其难者也。
知其难，而行之者，贤者也。
”译文：孔子曰：“行仁者，所追求者也。
行智者，所追求者也。
所追求者，非其难者也。
不居其位，不谋其政。
谋其政，不为其难者也。
知其难而能行之者，贤人也。
”补主语例子：原文：子曰：“君子不器。
”译文：孔子曰：“君子非器也。
”补主语例子：原文：子曰：“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。
”译文：孔子曰：“君子学而不思，则无所适从；思而不学，则疑惑不已。
”补主语例子：原文：子曰：“三人行，必有我师焉。
择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。
”译文：孔子曰：“吾与三人同行，必有吾师在其中。
吾择其善者而从之，若见其不善，则吾当自省以改之。
”补主语例子：原文：子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。
”译文：孔子曰：“温习旧知识而能有所新得，则可以为人师表矣。
”补主语例子：原文：子曰：“君子周而不比，小人比而不周。
”译文：孔子曰：“君子周旋于众而不结党营私，小人结党营私而不周旋于众。
”补主语例子：原文：子曰：“岁寒，然后知松柏之后凋也。
”译文：孔子曰：“经历严寒，然后才能知道松柏之树到最后也不会凋零。
”补主语例子：原文：子曰：“知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。
”译文：孔子曰：“懂得学问的人不如爱好学问的人，爱好学问的人不如以学问为乐的人。
”通过以上例子，我们可以看到，在文言文中，主语往往被省略，但通过翻译时补充主语，可以使句子更加完整、清晰。
这种补充主语的方法有助于现代读者更好地理解古人的思想和表达。
翻译练习：1. 1．I have had great deal of trouble__ keeping up with the rest of theclass.跟得上班上的其他同学)2． none of us expected the chairman to turn up(我们没有人料到主席会出现) at the party. We thought he was still in hospital.2. 3. A good many proposals were raised by the delegates, as was to beexpected正如预料的那样).3. 4. Most doctors recognize that medicine is as much an art as it is ascience (是一门科学，也是一门艺术).5. Some women _ could have made a good salary本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sale of the family.4. Over a third of the population was estimated_ to have no access无法获得) to the health service.5. 7. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used_ tostudents’ being late for习惯了学生迟到) his lecture.6. 8. The price of beer_ ranges/varies from 50 cents to $4从50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summer season.7. 9.We’d like ___ to reserve a table for预订一张餐桌) five for dinnerthis evening.8. 10. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and Ithink he means_ to make trouble想找麻烦).9. 11. It may be necessary to stop___ at intervals每隔…时间) in thelearning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.10. 12. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he ___ injurehimself伤害自己).11. 13.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because shewas_ busy preparing for忙着准备) her examination.12. 14. The ship’s generator broke down and the pumps_ had to beoperated manually不得不用手工操作) instead of mechanically.13. 15. Why didn’t you tell me you could me the money? I__ needn’thave borrowed it from the bank (本来不必从银行借钱的）14. 16．By the time you get to New York, I_ shall have left for已经动身去) London.15. 17. Buying clothes_ is often a very time-consuming job是一件很耗时的工作), because those clothes that a person likes are rarely theones that fit him or her.16. 18. It’s time___ something was done/some measures were taken采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.17. 19. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but Isoon__ overcame it/got over it克服了这种心理).18. 20. Please don’t stand in the kitchen, you’re___ in the way （挡路了）. 19719. 21．There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone__ had interrupted me打扰我) that evening.20. 22._ it is because she is too inexperienced____(正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know how to deal with the situation.21. 23.When I __ caught him cheating me发现他骗我) I stopped buyingthins there and started dealing with another shop.22. 24. The manager would rather his daughter__ did not work in thesame office不在一个办公室内工作).23. 25. The sports meet originally due to be held last Friday_ was finallycalled off/cancelled because of the bad weather最终因天气不好而取消了).24. 26．I_ will be doing/conducting the experiment将在做实验) from three to five this afternoon.25. 27. How close parents are to their children__ has a strong influenceon__(有很强的影响) the character of the children.26. 28. But for his help, I _ would not have finished so early我不可能这么早完成).27. 29. His remarks left me _ wondering about his real purpose想知道他的真实目的).28. 30. Mark often___ attempts to escape being fined试图逃脱罚款) whenever he breaks traffic regulations.29. 31．If this can’t be settled reasonably, it may be necessary to__resort to force__(诉助武力).30. 32. The room is in a terrible mess; it _ can’t have been cleaned_（肯定没打扫过）.31. 33. Everybody knows he_ was wrongly accused/charged_（受到了冤枉指控）.32. 34. He wears a pair of sunglasses_ for fear that he should berecognized惟恐被别人认出来）.33. 35. She never dreams of _ being sent abroad______(被派到国外).12434. 36. If you won’t agree to our plan,__ neither will they他们也不会同意).37. I should say Henry is ___not so much a write与其说是个作家不如说是) as a reporter.35. 38. Believe it or not__(信不信由你), his discovery has created a stirin scientific circles.36. 39. If you don’t like to swim, you _ may just as well stay athome_(不妨待在家里).37. 40. Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you_ stainthe new carpet_(弄脏了新地毯). 10038. 41．Frankly speaking, I’d rather you _ didn’t do anything(不采取任何措施) about it for the time being.39. 42. In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives_ playindispensable roles_(起着不可缺少的作用) in raising children.40. 43. John seems a nice person, _ Even so__(即使这样), I don’t trusthim.41. 44. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,_ arebeing developed_(正在研制) and perfected now.42. 45. What a lovely party! It’s worth_ remembering all my life_(牢记一生). 7643. 46．Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not_ lose contactwith (失去联系) the outside world.44. 47. Cancer is second only to仅次于) heart disease as a cause ofdeath.45. 48. It is a pity that we should stay at home when we have such fineweather__(这么好的天气).46. 49. I would have never resorted to (不会诉诸法律) a court of law if Ihadn’t been so desperate.47. 50. John cannot afford to go to the university, _ not to speak of/not tomention/let alone going abroad__(更不用说出国了).48. 51．I don’t mind your_ delaying making_(你延期做出决定) thedecision as long as it is not too late.49. 52. I suggested he should adapt himself to_（使自己适应）his newconditions.50. 53. I have no objection___ to hearing your story again_（再听听你的故事）.51. 54. This popular sports car__ is now being turned_（正在生产出来）out at the rate of a thousand a week.52. 55. _ Could you take a blank sheet of paper?__ （请你找张空白纸）and write your name at the top?。
Twin words1、名词+名词Odds and ends 零碎，杂物bag and baggage（全部的），bread and butter(生活必需品；生计）flesh and blood(血肉之躯；亲戚）heads or tails,（要正面还是反面）day and night（日日夜夜）kith and kin（亲戚朋友）whim and fancy奇怪念头wish and command指令with might and main（尽全力）pick and shovel（重体力劳动）time after time（重复的）twists and turns（迂回曲折）Without let or hinderance没有障碍的Without jot or tittle 一点也没有Sum and substance 全部Heart and soul 全身心Aid and abet 帮助Every crook (cranny) and corner每一个角落Flotsam and jetsam 丢弃物Dribs and drabs 点滴Rules and regulations 规章制度Trials and tribulations 痛苦，考验Vim, vigor and vitality活力Metes and bounds 界限toil and moil 辛苦工作Ways and means 千方百计First and foremost 首先，也是最重要的Hale and hearty 健康的All and sundry 所有Null and void 虚无的Thick and fast 大大地，极大地Root and branch 竭尽全力Heaven and earth竭尽全力Hammer and tongs竭尽全力Bits and pieces 点滴By leaps and bounds 大踏步The be-all and end-all 最高目标（理想）；主要成分（内容）；全部成分 nuts and bolts细节nip and tuck势均力敌的Sum and substance主要内容back and belly背与腹，【喻】衣食2、形容词+形容词Twin wordsblack and blue（遍体鳞伤）cut and dried（预先准备的,常规的）dead and alive（无精打采）free and easy（无拘无束，随便的）high and low（到处）high and mighty（非常傲慢）more or less（或多或少）rough and ready（马马虎虎）slow but sure（慢而准）near and dear（亲密的）Slow and steady（稳扎稳打）Rough dn tough（粗暴）Near and dear（亲密无间）for better or for worse（不论是好是坏）Various and sundry （各种各样的）Pure and unadulterated （单纯的）The strait and narrow (path) （窄路）Tried and tested (recipe) 验方Tried and trusted （friends）久经考验的朋友 Upright and forthright 刚正不阿one and only 唯一的One and all 所有的，全部的One and same同一的rough and tumble乱糟糟的3、动词+动词：Twin wordscut and run(仓皇逃走）do or die（不成功毋宁死）hit and run（肇事后逃跑）come and go（来来往往）hit or miss（无论成功与否）give and take（平等交换意见；互让）Trip and fall (跌撞，摔跤)take it or leave it（取不取自便）cut and thrust（肉搏；激烈的争论）Chop and change （反复变化）Winking and blinking（视而不见）Wine and dine （饮酒作乐）Ball and squall怪声怪调Ranting and raving 怒骂，怒叫Huffing and puffing 呼呼吐气Lo and behold 看Toss and turn 翻转Wax and wane 涨退；上升与下降Twists and turns 弯弯曲曲4、副词+副词：Twin wordsagain and again（反复的）hard and fast（固定不变的；严格的）to and fro（来回的）back and forth（来来往往的）far and away（无疑的）now and again（常常）ever and again（不时的）out and away（无疑的）out and home（来回的）out and out（十足的）round and round（旋转不息的）Right and proper 正确的Really and truly真正地5、介词+介词：Twin wordsbetwixt and between（悬而未决；摸棱两可）by and by（不一会儿）save and except(除了...以外）Above and beyond 在…之外Over and above在…之上Whither and whence 从哪里来，到哪里去6、连接词+连接词as and when(当...时候)if and when（如果，万一）7、数词+数词one by one(一个一个的）two and two（成双的）8、有些需与固定的词语搭配，如：rain cats and dogs(倾盆大雨）between wind and water（在最易受打击的地方，在要害处） go through thick and thin（赴汤蹈火）between Scylla and Charybdis（进退两难）at sixes and sevens（乱七八糟）by ones and twos（三三两两）Tweedledum and tweedledee难以区分的两个人（或物）9、押韵习语1）押头韵through thick and thin（不管艰难险阻）(go) through water and fire （费尽艰难险阻） safe and sound（安然无恙）aid and abet（同谋）rack and ruin（坍塌，毁灭）part and parcel（核心部分)scrape and screw（省吃检用）with might and main（全力以赴）rough and ready（简陋的）(as) right as rain(完全正确）Every crook and corner （每一个角落）2)押尾韵high and dry（孤立无援）wear and tear（磨损）out and about（能出门走走）by hook or by crook（千方百计）flotsam and jetsam（无价值的...）3）元音叠韵（腹韵）clean and neat（整洁）cut and run（急忙逃走）make or break（要么成功要么失败）a bed of roses 安逸的生活（非玫瑰花圃）goose flesh鸡皮疙瘩(非“鹅肉”)eat crow被迫出丑(非“吃乌鸦”)horse sense 基本常识(非“马的意识”)busybody 爱管闲事的人(非“大忙人”);confidence man 骗子(非“有信心之人”)brown study 沉思冥想(非“褐色的书房”)golden opinions 高度的评价(非“金色的观点”)。
1. The author of the report ______（对医院的问题非常了解）because he has been working there for many years.2. The father ______（哀求）his son to be less trouble to his mother.3. The murderer ______（混在人群当中）with an attempt to shoot at the Prime Minister whenever he seized a chance.4. ______（为了最大限度减少窃案发生的可能性）, install a good alarm system.5. Scientists will have to ______（提出增加世界粮食供应量的新方法）.1. is well acquainted with the problems in the hospital2. pleaded with3. mingled with the crowds4. To minimize the risk of theft5. come up with new methods of increasing the world’s food supplyThe young woman describe to the policeman _________________________________________ (那个青年男子是如何跑到她跟前抢走她的提包的)。
Emma is ________________________ (有点神经不正常) to go out in such stormy weather.If you go on spending money like this, ________________________________ (你一个月就会身无分文)Obviously _______________________ (这位发言人想要强调的是) the impact of these findings rather than the process that led to these findings.We are literally crawling, _____________________________ ( 一定是出车祸了).1. the way the young man ran up to her and grabbed the bag from herhand2. a bit of crazy3. you will find yourself penniless in a month4. what the speaker wanted to emphasize was5. there must be some traffic accident ahead1. If you had_______________________(听从了我的忠告，你不会陷入麻烦)。
2. With tears on her face, the lady ______________________ (看着她受伤的儿子被送进手术室)。
3. After the terrorist attack, tourists _____________________ (被劝告暂时不要去改国旅游)。
4. I prefer to communicate with my customers _______________________(通过写电子邮件而不是打电话)。
5. _____________________________（知道截止日他才寄出）his applicationform.72 followed my advice/suggestion, you would not have been/put yourself in trouble.73 watched her injured son being sent into the surgery.74 were (have been) suggested / advised not to go to that country / choose that country as their destination.75 via/ with/ through email instead of telephone.76 It was not until the deadline did he send out..翻译练习：1．I have had great deal of trouble______________________________.(跟得上班上的其他同学)2．___________(我们没有人料到主席会出现) at the party. We thought he was still in hospital.3. A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,________________(正如预料的那样).4. Most doctors recognize that medicine is as much__________(是一门科学，也是一门艺术).5. Some women ___________________(本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sale of the family. 6．Over a third of the population was estimated_________(无法获得) to the health service.7. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used______________(习惯了学生迟到) his lecture.8. The price of beer____________(从50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summer season.9.We’d like __________________(预订一张餐桌) five for dinner this evening.10. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means____________(想找麻烦). 24411. It may be necessary to stop__________________________(每隔…时间) in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.12. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he ______________(伤害自己).13.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was_______________(忙着准备) her examination.14. The ship’s generator broke down and the pumps____________________(不得不用手工操作) instead of mechanically.15. Why didn’t you tell me you could me the money? I___________________________ (本来不必从银行借钱的）22116．By the time you get to New York, I____________(已经动身去) London. 17. Buying clothes______________________(是一件很耗时的工作), because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her.18. It’s time_____________________(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.19. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon______________(克服了这种心理).20. Please don’t stand in the kitchen, you’re________________（挡路了）. 197 21．There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone ____________(打扰我) that evening.22._____________________(正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know how to deal with the situation.23.When I __________________(发现他骗我) I stopped buying thins there and started dealing with another shop.24. The manager would rather his daughter__________________(不在一个办公室内工作).25. The sports meet originally due to be held last Friday_______________(最终因天气不好而取消了). 17326．I__________________(将在做实验) from three to five this afternoon. 27. How close parents are to their children_________________ __(有很强的影响) the character of the children.28. But for his help, I _____________________(我不可能这么早完成).29. His remarks left me ____________________________(想知道他的真实目的).30. Mark often____________________________(试图逃脱罚款) whenever he breaks traffic regulations.31．If this can’t be settled reasonably, it may be necessary to______________(诉助武力).32. The room is in a terrible mess; it _____________________（肯定没打扫过）.33. Everybody knows he____________________________（受到了冤枉指控）.34. He wears a pair of sunglasses________________________（惟恐被别人认出来）.35. She never dreams of _______________________(被派到国外). 12436. If you won’t agree to our plan,_____________________(他们也不会同意).37. I should say Henry is _______________________(与其说是个作家不如说是) as a reporter.38. _____________________(信不信由你), his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.39. If you don’t like to swim, you ____________(不妨待在家里).40. Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you____________________(弄脏了新地毯). 10041．Frankly speaking, I’d rather you ________________(不采取任何措施) about it for the time being.42. In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives_____________(起着不可缺少的作用) in raising children.43. John seems a nice person, ___________________(即使这样), I don’t trust him.44. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,_____________(正在研制) and perfected now.45. What a lovely party! It’s worth_________________(牢记一生). 76 46．Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not____________(失去联系) the outside world.47. Cancer is _________________(仅次于) heart disease as a cause of death.48. It is a pity that we should stay at home when we have ______________(这么好的天气).49. I would ______________(不会诉诸法律) a court of law if I hadn’t been so desperate.50. John cannot afford to go to the university, _________________(更不用说出国了).51．I don’t mind your_____________(你延期做出决定) the decision as long as it is not too late.52. I suggested he ____________________（使自己适应）his new conditions.53. I have no objection_______________________（再听听你的故事）.54. This popular sports car___________________（正在生产出来）out at the rate of a thousand a week.55. _____________________________ （请你找张空白纸）and write your name at the top?参考答案：1. keeping up with the rest of the class.2. none of us expected the chairman to turn up3. as was to be expected4. an art as it is a science5. could have made a good salary.6. to have no access7. to students’ being late for8. ranges/varies from 50 cents to $49. to reserve a table for10. to make trouble11. at intervals12. injure himself13. busy preparing for14. had to be operated manually15. needn’t have borrowed it from the bank.16. shall have left for17. is often a very time-consuming job18. something was done/some measures were taken19. overcame it/got over it20. in the way21. had interrupted me22. it is because she is too inexperienced23. caught him cheating me24. did not work in the same office25. was finally called off/cancelled because of the bad weather26. will be doing/conducting the experiment27. has a strong influence on28. would not have finished so early29. wondering about his real purpose30. attempts to escape being fined31. resort to force32. can’t have been cleaned33. was wrongly accused/charged34. for fear that he should be recognized35. being sent abroad36. neither will they37. not so much a writer38. Believe it or not39. may just as well stay at home40. stain the new carpet41. didn’t do anything42. play indispensable roles43. Even so44. are being developed45. remembering all my life46. lose contact with47. second only to48. such fine weather49. have never resorted to50. not to speak of/not to mention/let alone going abroad51. delaying making52. should adapt himself to53. to hearing your story again54. is now being turned55. Could you take a blank sheet of paper?。
