补充翻译3

责任、赔偿、免责条款的翻译Liability, Indemnification and Release翻译实践1. Each party shall indemnify the other from any and all losses that may arise out of breach by such party of any of the warranties set forth in this Article, and each party shall indemnify the other party from any and all losses that may arise out of breach by such party of any of the agreed terms in this Agreement.2. Without limiting any right or remedy available to the non-defaulting party at law or in equity, upon the termination of this Agreement in accordance with Articles X, the defaulting party shall indemnify the other party for all damages, costs, charges and expenses suffered or incurred by it in connection with the termination due to the negligence, breach of duty or other default or wrongdoing of the defaulting party, its servants, employees, agents or contractors.3. The CJV shall be solely and fully responsible for the quality of the Products manufactured hereunder, for their conformity with the Technical Data and for their compliance with the laws and regulations from time to time in force in the Territory. The CJV shall indemnify Party B against any loss or damage directly or indirectly suffered by Party B as a result of the failure of the Products manufactured hereunder to comply with the Technical Data ("Defective Products") or to comply with such laws or regulations; provided, however, that such indemnification shall not exceed the total of ex-factory sales price, costs of delivery and transportation and other costs associated with the recall of these Defective Products.4. Each Party hereby indemnifies the other Party and undertakes to hold harmless and defend the other Party against any and all claims, suits, losses, damages, disbursements (including legal and management costs) arising out of any alleged or actual breach or failure to comply with the terms andconditions hereof including but not limited to any infringement of the other Party's intellectual property or other rights occurring as a result of the offending Party's fault, omission or activities in connection with the Project.5. Consultant hereby agrees to indemnify, hold harmless and defend Client from and against any and all claims, liabilities, losses, expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees), or damages (collectively "Liabilities") asserted against Client by a third party to the extent such Liabilities result from the infringement of the Works delivered on any third party's trade secret, trademark, service mark, copyright or patent issued as of the date of this Agreement (collectively, an "Intellectual Property Right"); provided that Client: (i) promptly notifies Consultant of any third party claim subject to indemnification hereunder, (ii) gives Consultant the right to control and direct the preparation of a defense, the defense and any settlement of any such claim, (iii) gives full cooperation to Consultant for the defense of same, and (iv) complies with Consultant's direction to cease any use of the Works which, in Consultant's sole judgment, is likely to be ruled an infringement on a third party's Intellectual Property Right.6. Each Party forever releases and discharges the other from all claims, debts, allegations, actions, causes of action and demands, whether known or unknown, arising from or in connection with the Claim and existing as at the date of this Settlement Agreement, including without limitation any liability for legal costs connected with or arising out of the subject matter of the Claim. Any other claims unrelated to the Claim that one Party may have against another, whether prior to or after the date hereof, shall not be affected or otherwise prejudiced by this Agreement.Party B irrevocably waives all rights that it may have in law or contract against Party A, its affiliates, subsidiaries and related companies howsoever arising in respect of or in connection with the Claim.参考译文责任、赔偿、免责1. 一方如果违反其在本条中的任何保证而使另一方发生损失，应向损失方做出赔偿;一方如果违反本协议任何约定条款而使另一方发生损失，亦应向损失方做出赔偿。

第四章汉译英的理解与表达第一节汉译英中的理解问题理解的反面是误解、曲解，而误解和曲解多是因为阅读原文时停留在字面上，或是因为对原语的文化背景缺乏了解。

下面从三个方面讨论汉译英中的理解问题。

一、借助语言学理论，提高对文字各种意义的识别能力语言是一种符号，1920年代，奥格登和理查兹提出的符号三角理论，如图所示：图中符号(Symbol)指语言成分，如词语等；所指(Referent)指外部经验世界中的事物；思想或所指关系(Thought or Reference)指人们大脑中的概念。

符号的意义不是单一的，而是多重性的。

要确定符号的意义，除了考虑其所指意义之外，还要考虑符号使用者的意图（语用意义）以及与其它符号（语境）的关系。

认识符号的意义，须透过现象看本质，抓住词语的真正的含义，切忌不求甚解，望文生义。

如：王小玉便启朱唇、发晧齿，唱了几句书儿。

译文1：Now open her rosy lip and her ivory white teeth shine, her song begins!译文2：Little Jade Wang then opened her vermilion lips, displaying her sparking white teeth, and sang several phrases.译文3：Little Jade then parted her lips and sang a few lines.原文用“启朱唇、发皓齿”描述小玉唱歌时口型优美，这是中国评书常见的表达手法。

译文1和2都把“发皓齿”直译出来，效果却不如译文3的略译好，译文2读起来让人有先咧嘴、后吱牙、再唱歌的印象。

二、通过上下文，掌握隐含意义原文的意思不一定通过具体的词汇表达，有可能体现在上下文的逻辑关系、或全句的语气上。

这时，要善于从整体上把握这种弥漫在全文中的意义，并用适当的方式表达出来。

如：贾母因笑道：“外客未见，就脱了衣裳，还不去见你妹妹！”（《红楼梦》）显然这里的“脱了衣裳”指脱下外套、礼服之类，不能照字面译成“take off one's clothes”，所以译文是：With a smile at Pao-yu, the Lady Dowager scolded: “Fancy changing your clothes before greeting our visitor. Hurry up now and pay your respects to yourcousin.” (Tr. Yang Xianyi & Gladys Yang)三、把握修辞特点理解时要留意原文的感情色彩、形象色彩及语体色彩，这些联想意义多用来达到修辞目的。

A Beautiful Mind1．John Forbes Nash, Jr. –mathematical genius, inventor of a theory ofrationed behavior, visionary of the thinking machine—had been sitting with his visitor, also a mathematician, for nearly half an hour. It was late on a weekday afternoon in the spring of 1959, and, though it was only May, uncomfortably warm. Nash was slumped in an armchair in one corner of the hospital lounge, carelessly dressed in a nylon shirt that hung limply over h is unbelted trousers. His powerful frame was slack as a rag doll’s, his finelymolded features expressionless. He had been staring dully at a spot immediately in front of the left foot of Harvard professor George Mackey, hardly moving except to brush his long dark hair away from his forehead in a fitful, repetitive motion. His visitor sat upright, oppressed by the silence, acutely conscious that the doors to the room were locked. Mackey finally could contain himself no longer. His voice was slightly querulous, but he strained to be gentle. “How could you,” began Mackey, “how could you, a mathematician, a man devoted to reason and logical proof… how could you believe that extraterrestrials are sending you message? How could you believe that you are being recruited by aliens from outer space to save the world? How could you…?”小约翰·福布斯·纳什，数学天才、理性行为理论创立者、预见会思考的机器出现的预言者，已经和他的同样是数学家的来访者一起坐了差不多半个小时.那是1959年春季一个工作日的傍晚时分，虽然才是5 月，天气却很热，令人不太舒服。

第五课补充翻译用所给单词或词组把下列句子翻译成英语1、那个经理亲自调查产品的质量问题。

（in person）2、大致看来，他的计划是成功的。

（in general）3、你可以选这件蓝色或者那件绿色夹克作为送给你父亲的礼物。

（either…or）4、饮食习惯在不同的地方可能会有很大差异。

（vary…from）5、我们学校图书馆的书比他们学校的多。

(more)6、他帮了我，同时也希望我能为他做点什么作为回报。

（in return）7、处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。

（tend to）8、我家离我工作的大学很近，走路过去就行了。

（within）第六课补充翻译用所给单词或词组把下列句子翻译成英语1、他过去只关心自己的家庭，可现在情况却大不相同了。

（care about）2、她声称没有做这件事，可是我不相信她。

（claim）3、他们在讨论这个项目的过程中互相吵了起来。

（in the course of）4、他正忙于处理一个棘手的问题。

（be busy doing…）5、她在学校是个好老师，在家是个好妻子。

（not only…but also）6、几天前竣工的那座建筑是城里最宏伟的一幢建筑。

（largest one）第七课补充翻译用所给单词或词组把下列句子翻译成英语1、今年夏天，小男孩和他的父母一起去了乡下。

这对他来说将是一次难忘的经历。

（that）2、正是他的勤奋使他在他的领域里如此成功。

（it is…that）3、他父亲只在周末的时候才准他看小说。

（allow sb. to do sth.）4、我们双方都有可能从这次合作中获益。

（benefit…from）5、你无权用别人的生命来冒险。

（take risks）6、凭借日日夜夜辛勤的工作，他终于取得了成功。

（by）7、比尔盖茨是个聪明能干的商人，微软的巨大成功使他成为一个强人。

（make sb.sth.）8、我们学校的图书馆里有许多参考书，比如词典和手册等。

翻译练习：1. 1．I have had great deal of trouble__ keeping up with the rest of theclass.跟得上班上的其他同学)2． none of us expected the chairman to turn up(我们没有人料到主席会出现) at the party. We thought he was still in hospital.2. 3. A good many proposals were raised by the delegates, as was to beexpected正如预料的那样).3. 4. Most doctors recognize that medicine is as much an art as it is ascience (是一门科学，也是一门艺术).5. Some women _ could have made a good salary本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sale of the family.4. Over a third of the population was estimated_ to have no access无法获得) to the health service.5. 7. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used_ tostudents’ being late for习惯了学生迟到) his lecture.6. 8. The price of beer_ ranges/varies from 50 cents to $4从50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summer season.7. 9.We’d like ___ to reserve a table for预订一张餐桌) five for dinnerthis evening.8. 10. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and Ithink he means_ to make trouble想找麻烦).9. 11. It may be necessary to stop___ at intervals每隔…时间) in thelearning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.10. 12. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he ___ injurehimself伤害自己).11. 13.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because shewas_ busy preparing for忙着准备) her examination.12. 14. The ship’s generator broke down and the pumps_ had to beoperated manually不得不用手工操作) instead of mechanically.13. 15. Why didn’t you tell me you could me the money? I__ needn’thave borrowed it from the bank (本来不必从银行借钱的）14. 16．By the time you get to New York, I_ shall have left for已经动身去) London.15. 17. Buying clothes_ is often a very time-consuming job是一件很耗时的工作), because those clothes that a person likes are rarely theones that fit him or her.16. 18. It’s time___ something was done/some measures were taken采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.17. 19. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but Isoon__ overcame it/got over it克服了这种心理).18. 20. Please don’t stand in the kitchen, you’re___ in the way （挡路了）. 19719. 21．There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone__ had interrupted me打扰我) that evening.20. 22._ it is because she is too inexperienced____(正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know how to deal with the situation.21. 23.When I __ caught him cheating me发现他骗我) I stopped buyingthins there and started dealing with another shop.22. 24. The manager would rather his daughter__ did not work in thesame office不在一个办公室内工作).23. 25. The sports meet originally due to be held last Friday_ was finallycalled off/cancelled because of the bad weather最终因天气不好而取消了).24. 26．I_ will be doing/conducting the experiment将在做实验) from three to five this afternoon.25. 27. How close parents are to their children__ has a strong influenceon__(有很强的影响) the character of the children.26. 28. But for his help, I _ would not have finished so early我不可能这么早完成).27. 29. His remarks left me _ wondering about his real purpose想知道他的真实目的).28. 30. Mark often___ attempts to escape being fined试图逃脱罚款) whenever he breaks traffic regulations.29. 31．If this can’t be settled reasonably, it may be necessary to__resort to force__(诉助武力).30. 32. The room is in a terrible mess; it _ can’t have been cleaned_（肯定没打扫过）.31. 33. Everybody knows he_ was wrongly accused/charged_（受到了冤枉指控）.32. 34. He wears a pair of sunglasses_ for fear that he should berecognized惟恐被别人认出来）.33. 35. She never dreams of _ being sent abroad______(被派到国外).12434. 36. If you won’t agree to our plan,__ neither will they他们也不会同意).37. I should say Henry is ___not so much a write与其说是个作家不如说是) as a reporter.35. 38. Believe it or not__(信不信由你), his discovery has created a stirin scientific circles.36. 39. If you don’t like to swim, you _ may just as well stay athome_(不妨待在家里).37. 40. Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you_ stainthe new carpet_(弄脏了新地毯). 10038. 41．Frankly speaking, I’d rather you _ didn’t do anything(不采取任何措施) about it for the time being.39. 42. In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives_ playindispensable roles_(起着不可缺少的作用) in raising children.40. 43. John seems a nice person, _ Even so__(即使这样), I don’t trusthim.41. 44. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,_ arebeing developed_(正在研制) and perfected now.42. 45. What a lovely party! It’s worth_ remembering all my life_(牢记一生). 7643. 46．Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not_ lose contactwith (失去联系) the outside world.44. 47. Cancer is second only to仅次于) heart disease as a cause ofdeath.45. 48. It is a pity that we should stay at home when we have such fineweather__(这么好的天气).46. 49. I would have never resorted to (不会诉诸法律) a court of law if Ihadn’t been so desperate.47. 50. John cannot afford to go to the university, _ not to speak of/not tomention/let alone going abroad__(更不用说出国了).48. 51．I don’t mind your_ delaying making_(你延期做出决定) thedecision as long as it is not too late.49. 52. I suggested he should adapt himself to_（使自己适应）his newconditions.50. 53. I have no objection___ to hearing your story again_（再听听你的故事）.51. 54. This popular sports car__ is now being turned_（正在生产出来）out at the rate of a thousand a week.52. 55. _ Could you take a blank sheet of paper?__ （请你找张空白纸）and write your name at the top?。

book 3 translation exerciseunit1 很多人只是嘴上说他们想要什么东西，但并不真正地付出大量努力去实现。

很多人因为害怕失败而不敢全心尝试。

而成功的秘诀在于内心燃烧的欲望，从而激发行动的决心，即使疲惫，即使失败，也会继续准备，继续前进。

专注于汲取更多的知识，争取持之以恒地渐进，保持永不言退的坚强意志。

只要刻苦努力，意志坚决，专心投入，准备充分，你就能跨越一切障碍，达成所有壮举，取得成功！Many people simply say that they want something, but they do not expend the substantial effort required to achieve it. Many people let the threat of failure stop them from trying with all of their heart. The secret of success is based upon a burning inward desire that fuels the determination to act, to keep preparing, to keep going even when we are tired and fail. Focus on becoming more knowledgeable. Focus on gradual, consistent progress. Maintain the strong will to keep going. With hard work, determination, dedication and preparation, you can transcend any handicap, accomplish any feat, and achieve success!unit2 在一次法国旅行当中，我见到了地中海，但是其可怕的裂流让我不寒而栗。

一．主语选择1.主谓合理搭配英语的逻辑性较强，主语一定要是谓语的施动者。

若主谓搭配不合理，则要调换主语或谓语。

例1：现在全世界各地都在学习中国功夫。

译文：Nowadays, Chinese kung fu is being learned all across the world.注：“全世界各地”不可能“学习中国功夫”，“人”才能学习，所以原文省略了真正的主语“人”。

翻译时可以增译主语，也可以用被动语态。

2.突出句子话题汉语中的主语和话题不一定是一样的。

如“世博会的目的是……”这句中，话题是世博会，主语是“目的”。

这种情况下，为了突出句子的话题，汉译英时可以选择话题作主语。

例2：茶的品种不同，制法也不同。

译文：Tea differs in type and method of production.注：原文的主语是“品种”和“制法”，话题是“茶”。

译文以“茶”作主语，转化成“茶在品种和制法方面不同”来翻译。

3.注意句子平衡英语句式的构建往往遵循“尾重原则”，即将篇幅较长、结构较复杂、内容较核心的部分置于句尾。

在翻译时，如果按照原文结构翻译，可能出现失衡的情况。

可以用形式主语“it”、被动语态、存在句型等来调整句式以求平衡。

例3：游览西湖及周围景点花上两天时间较为合适。

译文1：It is advisable for tourists to take two days to tour West Lake and the scenic spots around it.译文2：A two-day tour is ideal for West Lake and the scenic spots around it.注：如果用“游览西湖及周围景点花上两天时间”作主语，句子会头重脚轻。

译文1用“it”作主语，将原文的主语译成不定式结构放在句尾。

译文2则用“a two-day tour”作主语。

段落练习：过年在从前的农业社会里，中国人最重要的节日就是过年（过年是中国人最重要的节日）。

翻译补充（一）：专有名词的翻译专有名词：主要是常见的人名、地名等翻译补充（二）：成语的翻译首先要弄懂中文意思，其次追求完美（一）套译汉语中的成语，英语中有一个意思非常接近成语，直接套用call a spade a spade 实话实说；实事求是reap what one has sown 种瓜得瓜/作茧自缚（区别褒、贬义和感情色彩）kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 杀鸡取卵/涸泽而渔castle in the air 海市蜃楼/空中楼阁过河拆桥kick down the ladder格格不入like a square peg in a round hole（二）直译在成语所包含的比喻和语言内涵被另一种文化完全接受的情况下，可以直译。

Trojan horse 特洛伊木马表示从内部起爆sour grapes 酸葡萄表示得不到东西的心理Sphinx’s riddle 斯芬克斯之谜，表示难解之谜a Judas kiss 犹大之吻，表示叛变、背叛（三）直译套译均可鉴于有些成语有对应的，但有些人喜欢把意思直接译出来to kill two birds with one stone 一石两鸟/一箭双雕crocodile tears鳄鱼之泪/黄鼠狼给鸡拜年声东击西to shout in the east and strike in the west/to look one way and row another 掌上明珠a pearl in the palm/ the apple of one’s eye对牛弹琴play a lute to the cow/ cast the pearls before swine（四）意译有些比喻和文化内涵不能另一种语言作接受in a pig’s whisper 低声的make a monkey of somebody 嘲弄某人the skeleton at the feast令人扫兴的人a family skeleton 家丑叶公好龙professed love of what one really fears毛遂自荐volunteer one’s service初出茅庐at the start of one’s career（五）特别容易弄错的成语pull somebody’s leg 嘲弄某人eat one’s words 认错，特别承认自己说错话dog-eat-dog 残酷的，特别表示竞争in the seventh heaven 极为开心翻译补充（三）：英语谚语中译He knows most who speaks least. 大智若愚。