A Virtual Hyperbooks Model to Support Collaborative Learning

NVIDIA Data Center GPU Driver version 450.102.04 (Linux) / 452.77 (Windows)Release NotesTable of Contents Chapter 1. Version Highlights (1)1.1. Software Versions (1)1.2. Fixed Issues (2)1.3. Known Issues (2)Chapter 2. Virtualization (4)Chapter 3. Hardware and Software Support (6)Chapter 1.Version HighlightsThis section provides highlights of the NVIDIA Data Center GPU R450 Driver (version450.102.04 Linux and 452.77 Windows).For changes related to the 450 release of the NVIDIA display driver, review the file "NVIDIA_Changelog" available in the .run installer packages.‣Windows driver release date: 01/07/2021‣Linux driver release date: 01/19/20211.1. Software VersionsFor this release, the software versions are listed below.‣CUDA Toolkit 11: 11.03Note that starting with CUDA 11, individual components of the toolkit are versionedindependently. For a full list of the individual versioned components (e.g. nvcc, CUDA libraries etc.), see the CUDA Toolkit Release Notes‣NVIDIA Data Center GPU Driver: 450.102-04 (Linux) / 452.77 (Windows)‣Fabric Manager: 450.80.02 (Use nv-fabricmanager -v)‣GPU VBIOS:‣92.00.19.00.01 (NVIDIA A100 SKU200 with heatsink for HGX A100 8-way and 4-way)‣92.00.19.00.02 (NVIDIA A100 SKU202 w/o heatsink for HGX A100 4-way)‣NVSwitch VBIOS: 92.10.14.00.01‣NVFlash: 5.641Due to a revision lock between the VBIOS and driver, VBIOS versions >= 92.00.18.00.00 must use corresponding drivers >= 450.36.01. Older VBIOS versions will work with newer drivers. For more information on getting started with the NVIDIA Fabric Manager on NVSwitch-based systems (for example, HGX A100), refer to the Fabric Manager User Guide.1.2. Fixed Issues‣Various security issues were addressed. For additional details on the med-high severity issues, review the NVIDIA Security Bulletin 5142 .1.3. Known IssuesGeneral‣By default, Fabric Manager runs as a systemd service. If using DAEMONIZE=0 in the Fabric Manager configuration file, then the following steps may be required.1.Disable FM service from auto starting. (systemctl disable nvidia-fabricmanager)2.Once the system is booted, manually start FM process. (/usr/bin/nv-fabricmanager-c /usr/share/nvidia/nvswitch/fabricmanager.cfg). Note, since the processis not a daemon, the SSH/Shell prompt will not be returned (use another SSH shell for other activities or run FM as a background task).‣There is a known issue with cross-socket GPU to GPU memory consistency that is currently under investigation‣On NVSwitch systems with Windows Server 2019 in shared NVSwitch virtualization mode, the host may hang or crash when a GPU is disabled in the guest VM. This issue is under investigation.GPU Performance CountersThe use of developer tools from NVIDIA that access various performance countersrequires administrator privileges. See this note for more details. For example, reading NVLink utilization metrics from nvidia-smi (nvidia-smi nvlink -g 0) would require administrator privileges.NoScanout ModeNoScanout mode is no longer supported on NVIDIA Data Center GPU products. If NoScanout mode was previously used, then the following line in the “screen” section of /etc/X11/xorg.conf should be removed to ensure that X server starts on data center products:Option "UseDisplayDevice" "None"NVIDIA Data Center GPU products now support one display of up to 4K resolution.Unified Memory SupportSome Unified Memory APIs (for example, CPU page faults) are not supported on Windows in this version of the driver. Review the CUDA Programming Guide on the system requirements for Unified MemoryCUDA and unified memory is not supported when used with Linux power management states S3/S4.IMPU FRU for Volta GPUsThe driver does not support the IPMI FRU multi-record information structure for NVLink. See the Design Guide for Tesla P100 and Tesla V100-SXM2 for more information. Experimental OpenCL FeaturesSelect features in OpenCL 2.0 are available in the driver for evaluation purposes only.The following are the features as well as a description of known issues with these features in the driver:Device side enqueue‣The current implementation is limited to 64-bit platforms only.‣OpenCL 2.0 allows kernels to be enqueued with global_work_size larger than the compute capability of the NVIDIA GPU. The current implementation supports only combinations of global_work_size and local_work_size that are within the compute capability of the NVIDIA GPU. The maximum supported CUDA grid and block size of NVIDIA GPUs is available at /cuda/cuda-c-programming-guide/index.html#computecapabilities.For a given grid dimension, the global_work_size can be determined by CUDA grid size x CUDA block size.‣For executing kernels (whether from the host or the device), OpenCL 2.0 supports non-uniform ND-ranges where global_work_size does not need to be divisible by thelocal_work_size. This capability is not yet supported in the NVIDIA driver, and therefore not supported for device side kernel enqueues.Shared virtual memory‣The current implementation of shared virtual memory is limited to 64-bit platforms only.Chapter 2.VirtualizationTo make use of GPU passthrough with virtual machines running Windows and Linux, the hardware platform must support the following features:‣ A CPU with hardware-assisted instruction set virtualization: Intel VT-x or AMD-V.‣Platform support for I/O DMA remapping.‣On Intel platforms the DMA remapper technology is called Intel VT-d.‣On AMD platforms it is called AMD IOMMU.Support for these features varies by processor family, product, and system, and should be verified at the manufacturer's website.Supported HypervisorsThe following hypervisors are supported:Tesla products now support one display of up to 4K resolution.Supported Graphics CardsThe following GPUs are supported for device passthrough:VirtualizationChapter 3.Hardware and SoftwareSupportSupport for these features varies by processor family, product, and system, and should be verified at the manufacturer's website.Supported Operating Systems for NVIDIA Data Center GPUsThe Release 450 driver is supported on the following operating systems:‣Windows x86_64 operating systems:‣Microsoft Windows® Server 2019‣Microsoft Windows® Server 2016‣Microsoft Windows® 10‣The table below summarizes the supported Linux 64-bit distributions. For a complete list of distributions, kernel versions supported, see the CUDA Linux System Requirements documentation.Note that SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) 15.1 is provided as a preview for Arm64 server since there are known issues when running some CUDA applications related to dependencies on glibc 2.27.Supported Operating Systems and CPU Configurations for HGX A100The Release 450 driver is validated with HGX A100 on the following operating systems and CPU configurations:‣Linux 64-bit distributions:‣Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.3 (in 4/8/16-GPU configurations)‣CentOS Linux 7.9 (in 4/8/16-GPU configurations)‣Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS (in 4/8/16-GPU configurations)‣SUSE SLES 15.2 (in 4/8/16-GPU configurations)‣Windows 64-bit distributions:‣Windows Server 2019 (in 4/8/16-GPU configurations)‣CPU Configurations:‣AMD Rome in PCIe Gen4 mode‣Intel Skylake/Cascade Lake (4-socket) in PCIe Gen3 modeSupported Virtualization ConfigurationsThe Release 450 driver is validated with HGX A100 on the following configurations:‣Passthrough (full visibility of GPUs and NVSwitches to guest VMs):‣8-GPU configurations with Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS‣Shared NVSwitch (guest VMs only have visibility of GPUs and full NVLink bandwidth between GPUs in the same guest VM):‣16-GPU configurations with Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTSAPI SupportThis release supports the following APIs:‣NVIDIA® CUDA® 11.0 for NVIDIA® Kepler TM, Maxwell TM, Pascal TM, Volta TM, Turing TM and NVIDIA Ampere architecture GPUs‣OpenGL® 4.5‣Vulkan® 1.1‣DirectX 11‣DirectX 12 (Windows 10)‣Open Computing Language (OpenCL TM software) 1.2Note that for using graphics APIs on Windows (i.e. OpenGL, Vulkan, DirectX 11 and DirectX 12) or any WDDM 2.0+ based functionality on Tesla GPUs, vGPU is required. See the vGPU documentation for more information.Supported NVIDIA Data Center GPUsThe NVIDIA Data Center GPU driver package is designed for systems that have one or more Tesla products installed. This release of the driver supports CUDA C/C++ applications and libraries that rely on the CUDA C Runtime and/or CUDA Driver API.Hardware and Software SupportNVIDIA Data Center GPU Driver version 450.102.04 (Linux) / 452.77 (Windows)RN-08625-450 _v3.0 | 9NoticeTHE INFORMATION IN THIS GUIDE AND ALL OTHER INFORMATION CONTAINED IN NVIDIA DOCUMENTATION REFERENCED IN THIS GUIDE IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” NVIDIA MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHERWISE WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION FOR THE PRODUCT, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF NONINFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 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NVIDIA SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO CUSTOMER OR ANY THIRD PARTY, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, FOR ANY CLAIMS OR DAMAGES ARISING FROM SUCH HIGH RISK USES.NVIDIA makes no representation or warranty that the product described in this guide will be suitable for any specified use without further testing or modification. Testing of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed by NVIDIA. It is customer’s sole responsibility to ensure the product is suitable and fit for the application planned by customer and to do the necessary testing for the application in order to avoid a default of the application or the product. Weaknesses in customer’s product designs may affect the quality and reliability of the NVIDIA product and may result in additional or different conditions and/or requirements beyond those contained in this guide. 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All rights reserved.NVIDIA Corporation | 2788 San Tomas Expressway, Santa Clara, CA 95051。

社会媒体改变我们的交流方式英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1How Social Media Has Revolutionized CommunicationSince I was a kid, I've witnessed the meteoric rise of social media from a niche interest to something that has become completely woven into the fabric of modern life. When I was younger, the idea of being constantly connected and sharing every aspect of your life online seemed totally bizarre. But fast forward to today, and it's the norm for people of all ages to document their daily activities, thoughts and feelings across a multitude of social platforms.I still vividly remember getting my first Facebook account in middle school and the sheer excitement of being able to connect with friends outside of school in a way that was instantaneous and constant. At that age, it felt like a small revolution—finally, an escape from the confines of parental supervision and a first taste of digital independence and freedom. Looking back now, it's almost laughable how monumental achieving a modicum of online autonomy felt at the time.Those were simpler days when social media was still fresh and uncharted territory. Facebook was just getting going and other major players like Twitter, Instagram and Snapchat didn't even exist yet. The online universe that today's youths are born into is drastically different, with a sprawling patchwork of platforms and digital spaces that can seem overwhelming even to us, the first generation raised alongside these technologies.Throughout high school and into college, I've watched social media evolve from a casual novelty into something that has profoundly transformed human behavior and society. What was once a supplementary mode of communication has now become the primary way that many people stay connected and make sense of the world around them.On a personal level, I've seen social media reshape my relationships and those of my peers in both positive and negative ways. There's an undeniable upside to having this powerful tool that allows you to seamlessly keep in touch with friends and family regardless of physical distance. A few taps on my smartphone is all it takes to gain a window into my loved ones' daily lives through a steady stream of posts, stories, photos and videos.At the same time, this form of virtual connection can promote unhealthy habits like obsessive scrolling and seeking validation through likes and comments. I'm sure we've all experienced feelings of FOMO and insecurity from comparing our real lives to the curated, highlight-reel versions we see portrayed online. Excess social media use has also been linked to increased rates of anxiety, depression and loneliness, especially among young people whose personalities and senses ofself-worth can be fragile.Beyond just changing how we connect interpersonally, social media is fundamentally altering society on a macro level. Public discourse and the dissemination of news and information is being remodeled in real-time through the rise of social media and the decline of legacy media outlets. While democratized information access is generally a positive, the spread of misinformation, conspiracy theories and polarizing echo chambers are causes for concern.Politics has also been remade in the social media era, as digital campaigning and online activist movements are playing an increasingly pivotal role. For better or worse, platforms like Twitter and Facebook give anyone with an internet connectionthe ability to share their unfiltered views and attempt to sway public opinion on various issues.Consumerism too is being radically reshaped, with influencer marketing becoming a massive industry as brands leverage social media stars to hawk their products directly to engaged audiences. The meteoric rise of online shopping and mobilee-commerce is also inextricably tied to the ubiquity of social apps and sophisticated targeting capabilities.It's important not to paint too rosy of a picture though, as the profit motives and persuasive technologies underlying many social media platforms can be predatory and exploitative. There are legitimate critiques around data privacy, psychological manipulation through algorithms designed for maximum engagement, and the corrosive effects of internet subcultures that can foster extremism and dangerous ideologies.The debate continues to rage over whether experiencing "IRL" human connection filtered through digital interfaces, perfectly curated persona curation, and the fractured modern attention economy is detracting from our ability to live fulfilling lives. Surely there are downsides to our constantly distracted state of partial presence and eroding attention spans.At the end of the day though, I don't think technology or social media itself is inherently good or bad. Like most transformative innovations throughout history, it comes with trade-offs that will need to be navigated through coherent policies, ethical practices and sure, a bit of good old self-restraint. The social internet is still in its relative infancy and the societal implications will continue to be unpacked over time.Looking ahead, it's fascinating to imagine how the ways we communicate, access information, and go about our daily lives might evolve even further as social platforms and technologies continue advancing at a breakneck pace. Maybe we'll shift towards a "metaverse" model of persistent virtual coexistence melding our digital and physical realities in new ways. Or maybe decentralized platforms and advancements like seamless language translation will help bring people across the world closer together in exciting fashions.While aspects of the social media revolution understandably make people uneasy, I tend to be optimistic about the overall trajectory. Sure, there are plenty of things that need to be reined in through smarter governance and societal guardrails. But I also believe the core potential of this communications renaissance is incredibly powerful and opens up mind-boggling possibilities.At its best, social media can facilitate greater cross-cultural understanding on a global scale, galvanize grassroots movements aimed at positive change, unlock economic opportunities for entrepreneurship and creative expression, and simply make it easier for people to build communities united by shared interests and human similarities rather than divided by differences and physical borders.So as we navigate this continually shifting digital landscape, I believe the keys will be thoughtfully harnessing social media's beneficial capabilities while mitigating its potential downsides and perils. As part of the first generation coming of age in this brave new world, I'm excited to play a part in shaping these powerful tools in constructive ways going forward.篇2How Social Media Has Transformed CommunicationIf you had told me 10 years ago that I would be able to connect with friends, follow my interests, and stay updated on current events through tiny handheld devices, I would have laughed at the idea. But that's exactly what has happened with the rise of social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok. These digital networks have completelyreshaped how we interact and share information in the modern age.As a student, social media is simply woven into the fabric of my daily life and routine. From the moment I wake up until I go to bed at night, I'm constantly checking updates, posting content, and messaging friends across various apps and websites. It's hard to even fathom what life was like before this level of hyper-connectivity became the norm.Of course, there are plenty of positives that come along with social media's influence. We now have the ability to instantly communicate with anyone across the globe, shattering barriers of distance. I can video chat with my cousin living in Australia as easily as texting a friend across town. We can share life updates, photos, thoughts and opinions with our entire social circles at the push of a button.Social media has also become a powerful tool forself-expression, allowing us to craft personal narratives and broadcast our individuality to the world. Platforms like Instagram provide spaces for artists, photographers, writers, and creatives of all kinds to share their work and gain exposure. We can connect with like-minded individuals based on our nicheinterests and passions, forging communities that would have been impossible in the pre-digital era.Furthermore, social networks have become vital sources of information, news, and education. Within minutes of a major event occurring, videos and first-hand accounts go viral across Twitter and Facebook. We can follow along with breaking stories in real-time, consuming perspectives from people on the ground. Advocacy movements, from Black Lives Matter to climate change activism, have harnessed social media to raise awareness and organize on a massive scale.However, despite these upsides, we can't ignore the multitude of negative impacts that social media has introduced to communication and human interaction. At its core, these platforms were designed to be highly addictive in order to maximize user engagement and advertising revenue. We've become a generation hooked on endless scroll feeds and constant notification pings, unable to go more than a few minutes without checking our devices.This obsessive connectivity has eroded our ability to be present in face-to-face interactions and cultivate deeper relationships. I've witnessed friends ignoring each other at meals, each person absorbed in their own digital worlds. We'reconstantly documenting and sharing our lives online, sometimes at the expense of actually experiencing those moments fully conscious. The fear of missing out (FOMO) is very real, driving people to unhealthy habits of compulsive posting and overconsumption of content.Social media has also enabled the rapid spread of misinformation, fake news, and polarizing content that activates strong emotional reactions. We exist in content bombardment, inundated with snippets of information devoid of nuance or context. Critical thinking and objective analysis have taken a back seat to speculation, outrage, and divisiveness fueled by social media echo chambers.On a personal level, I've struggled with the effects of relentless social comparison brought on by these platforms. We're fed a constant stream of curated, picture-perfect depictions of other people's lives –from Instagram influencers displaying wealth and beauty, to friends recording their accomplishments and adventures. It's easy to fall into patterns of low self-esteem and feelings of inadequacy when you're constantly measuring yourself against these idealized projections.Looking at the bigger picture, as a society we've sacrificed much of our privacy and data security for the sake of convenience and connectivity. Our personal information, browsing habits, locations, and private messages are continuously mined and monetized by tech giants like Facebook and Google. At what point do we draw the line in what we're willing to surrender to these companies who have unprecedented power over our digital lives?Ultimately, I believe the effects of social media are a double-edged sword. These tools have opened up incredible opportunities for communication, creative expression, and access to knowledge. However, they've also ushered in cultural shifts that have diminished our ability to interact genuinely, fueled unhealthy habits of comparison and distraction, and enabled societal plagues like misinformation and polarization to flourish.Moving forward, I think we need to develop healthier relationships with social media in our daily lives. We should implement more stringent regulations around data privacy, content moderation, and the psychological techniques these platforms use to ensnare our attention. At an individual level, we must become self-aware of how much time we devote to thesedigital realms, and make concerted efforts to be present, consume media critically, and prioritize real-world relationships.As the first generation raised as digital natives surrounded by social media, we have an important responsibility to shape these technologies in positive ways that bring out the best in one another and society. We can harness their power to forge human connections across borders, share our diverse stories and ideas, and mobilize for the greater good. But we must resist becoming enslaved to the vices of overconsumption, toxic comparisons, misinformation, and divisiveness that breed negativity, isolation and apathy.The future is ours to create. Let's make wise choices in utilizing social media as a force that enlightens and unites, rather than one that fragments and impedes our shared human experience.篇3How Social Media Has Transformed CommunicationSince the dawn of civilization, humans have had an innate desire to connect and communicate with one another. From cave drawings to smoke signals to the printing press, we have always sought new ways to share information and ideas. However, noinnovation has revolutionized communication quite like social media. In just a couple of decades, platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have radically transformed how we interact, express ourselves, and stay connected. As a student witnessing this dramatic shift firsthand, I have seen social media's profound impact on nearly every aspect of modern communication.One of the most evident changes is the sheer speed and accessibility of information exchange. Gone are the days of waiting weeks for a letter or relying solely on newspapers and television for news. With social media, we have a constant stream of real-time updates and insights from around the globe at our fingertips. This instantaneous access to information has reshaped our expectations and habits, as we now crave immediate gratification and struggle with delayed responses.Moreover, social media has democratized communication, giving everyone a voice and a platform to share their thoughts, experiences, and perspectives. Ordinary individuals can now reach vast audiences and engage in discussions that were once dominated by traditional media outlets and public figures. This democratization has empowered marginalized communities, fostered activism, and challenged established narratives,ultimately promoting a more diverse and inclusive exchange of ideas.However, this newfound freedom of expression has also brought significant challenges. The anonymity and lack of gatekeepers on social media platforms have contributed to the spread of misinformation, cyberbullying, and hate speech. As students, we must navigate this complex digital landscape, developing critical thinking skills to discern fact from fiction and promoting online etiquette and respect.Another profound impact of social media is its influence on language and self-expression. The character constraints and informal nature of platforms like Twitter have given rise to new linguistic trends, such as hashtags, emojis, and internet slang. While some view these developments as a degradation of language, others celebrate them as a creative and evolving form of self-expression. As students, we find ourselves seamlessly blending these digital communication styles with more traditional forms, creating a unique hybrid language that reflects our generation's experiences.Furthermore, social media has reshaped our relationships and social dynamics. We now maintain vast networks of connections, both strong and weak ties, that span geographicalboundaries. This expanded social circle has provided us with diverse perspectives and opportunities for collaboration but has also raised concerns about the quality and depth of our relationships. As students, we must strike a balance between virtual and real-world interactions, nurturing meaningful connections while avoiding the pitfalls of social isolation and addiction.Perhaps one of the most significant effects of social media on communication is its impact on our attention spans and focus. The constant stream of notifications, updates, and distractions has conditioned us to multitask and rapidly shift our attention. While this ability to process information quickly can be advantageous, it has also contributed to shorter attention spans, decreased productivity, and difficulty engaging in sustained, deep thinking. As students, we must learn to manage these digital distractions and cultivate mindfulness to maintain focus and concentration in our academic pursuits.Despite these challenges, social media has undoubtedly opened up new avenues for self-expression, creativity, and collaboration. We have witnessed the rise of influencers, viral memes, and online communities centered around shared interests and passions. These digital spaces have fostered asense of belonging and provided platforms for artistic and entrepreneurial endeavors that were previously inaccessible to many.Looking ahead, the future of communication and social media remains uncertain. As emerging technologies like virtual reality, augmented reality, and artificial intelligence continue to evolve, we can expect even more profound transformations in how we interact and share information. As students at the forefront of these changes, we must embrace the opportunities while remaining critically aware of the potential risks and challenges.In conclusion, social media has fundamentally altered the landscape of communication, offering unparalleled connectivity, democratization of expression, and new avenues for creativity and collaboration. However, it has also introduced challenges such as misinformation, cyberbullying, and fragmented attention spans. As students navigating this digital age, we must develop the skills and mindfulness to harness the benefits of social media while mitigating its potential drawbacks. By doing so, we can shape a future where communication remains a powerful force for understanding, growth, and human connection.。

科学技术给我们日常购物带来的变化英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1How Science and Technology Has Changed Shopping for MeShopping sure is different these days than it was when my parents and grandparents were kids! Thanks to all the amazing advances in science and technology, the way we buy things has completely transformed. From ordering stuff online to using our phones to pay, technology has made shopping so much easier and more convenient. Let me tell you about all the cool new ways I can shop nowadays.One of the biggest game-changers has been online shopping and home delivery. Instead of having to go to the mall or store for everything, I can literally shop for almost anything from the comfort of my bedroom just by tapping on a screen! Whether it's clothes, toys, books, you name it - it can all be purchased online and delivered straight to my doorstep in just a couple days. No more whining to my parents about driving me to the mall every weekend!The websites and apps for online stores these days are incredibly advanced too. The product pages have detailed pictures from every angle that I can zoom in on. I can read reviews from other kids about how good a toy is before buying. There are recommendation engines that suggest other items I might like based on my previous purchases. And the checkout process is a total breeze - I can pay online instantly with just a couple clicks using my mom's credit card information that's securely stored.Even when I do go to physical stores, technology has made that experience way more modern too. A lot of stores now have these cool self-checkout machines that let me scan and pay for my items myself without waiting in long cashier lines. Some stores have even done away with cashiers altogether and are completely self-checkout! There are also self-service kiosks where I can browse the online store from right within the shop.Mobile phones have revolutionized how we can shop in stores too. My mom lets me scan barcodes of products with her smartphone to read reviews and check prices at other stores before deciding what to buy. Some shops have their own mobile apps where you can get digital coupons and earn rewards pointsfor purchases. And then we can just pay with our phones too using digital wallets and not even need to carry cash or cards!Speaking of payments, money itself is becoming more digital and virtual these days. I know my parents still use credit cards a lot, but even that's an older technology compared to the contactless "tap-to-pay" chips and mobile wallets they use to checkout at stores now. My teenage cousins use even crazier payment methods like cryptocurrency and digital cash apps to pay their friends back or split bills. I can't wait until that kind of bleeding edge payment tech becomes normal for kids my age too!Another huge way technology has changed shopping for me is through personalization and targeted recommendations. These days, websites and ads seem to know exactly what I want before I even realize I want it! It's both amazing and a little creepy how well computers can get to know my preferences based on my browsing and purchase history data. I get customized recommendations for products I'd actually be interested in buying rather than irrelevant junk. Ads for toys, games, clothes and sneakers that are tailored to my age, hobbies and style preferences show up wherever I go online. Sometimes IDiscovery cool new stuff through those algorithms that I didn't even know existed until it popped up!Delivery methods have become hyper-optimized too thanks to data science and AI. Packages can find the fastest routes to my house through computerized logistics. Some retailers promise delivery within hours using drones, robots or other futuristic modes of transport! There are even experiments with 3D printing products on demand so they never need to be shipped in the first place. The turnaround time from ordering online to receiving my purchase is scarily fast these days.Virtual and augmented reality technology is poised to take shopping to new mindblowing levels too. With AR apps, I can virtually try on clothes or visualize furniture in my room before committing to a purchase. There are virtual realistic dressing room experiences where I can get photorealistic sizeings or see what outfits look like on a 3D model of my body type from every conceivable angle. Video game-like virtual shopping malls and product showrooms could become future hangout destinations for me and my friends. We may never need to go to a physical mall again if the virtual one provides an equally immersive and fun experience!I'm sure there are tons of other examples of how science and tech has reshaped shopping that I can't even imagine yet. AI, robots, Internet of Things, Metaverse - all sorts of crazy futuristic concepts that could fundamentally alter buying and selling someday. Who knows, maybe we'll be able to purchase products just by thinking about what we want in the future through some kind of brain-computer link? Or 3D print any object on demand at home? New innovations will keep pushing the boundaries of what's possible.The retail industry has been totally disrupted by the rapid pace of technological progress over the last couple decades. As a kid growing up in this era of modern marvels, I've been fortunate to experience a shopping experience that is incredibly convenient, personalized, and enhanced by the latest scientific breakthroughs. Buying things is becoming an increasingly seamless and tailored experience thanks to the interconnected tech woven into every step of the process.Sure, shopping at a digital storefront or via a mobile app doesn't have quite the same fun and excitement as going to an old school mall or market with mom and dad. And there are certainly concerns around privacy, tech addiction, and being constantly targeted by corporate marketing through technologythat unnerves some people. But at least from my perspective as a kid, the new tech-driven shopping paradigm provides a thrilling glimpse of the future while making acquiring the things I want far easier than my parents ever could have imagined! I can't wait to see how shopping continues evolving in the years ahead through scientific innovations. One thing's for sure - it'll be a lot different than the outdated shopping experiences my grandparents reminisce about!篇2How Science and Technology Have Changed ShoppingHave you ever thought about how different shopping is now compared to the way your parents or grandparents used to shop? Science and technology have changed so many parts of our lives, including the way we buy things. From ordering online to using self-checkout lanes, shopping has become much more convenient and efficient thanks to new innovations. Let me tell you about some of the biggest changes!Online ShoppingOne of the biggest game-changers has been the ability to shop online. In the past, you had to physically go to stores to buy anything you needed. But now with online retailers like Amazon,eBay, and so many others, you can purchase almost anything imaginable from the comfort of your own home! All you need is a computer, tablet, or smartphone and an internet connection.Online shopping is so cool because you can browse thousands and thousands of products with just a few clicks. You can read reviews from other customers to help you decide what to buy. And the best part is your purchases get delivered right to your doorstep in just a couple days! No more having to drive all over town or carry heavy bags. You just click and wait for the delivery person to bring your items.Digital Payments and E-WalletsAnother major technology that has changed shopping is digital payments and e-wallets. Have you ever noticed that when your parents go to pay for stuff, they rarely use cash anymore? They just tap their credit or debit card on the payment terminal. Or sometimes they even use their smartphone to pay by holding it near the terminal!These new payment methods are so much faster and more secure than carrying around a bunch of bills and coins. Your parents can easily track all their spending online too. And with e-wallets like Apple Pay, Google Pay, and PayPal, you don't even need to carry around physical cards anymore. It's all safely storedin your smartphone! Money has gone digital which makes shopping a total breeze.Self-Checkout and Automated StoresNowadays when you go to the grocery store or big retail shops, you'll probably see self-checkout lanes and stations. Instead of waiting in line for a cashier, you can quickly scan and bag your own items, then pay with a card or digital wallet right at the self-checkout kiosk. It's way more efficient because you're in total control and can move at your own pace.Some stores have taken things even further with almost no human staff at all! At an Amazon Go store, you don't ever checkout or pay a cashier. You just walk in, take whatever you need off the shelves, and walk right out. Advanced cameras and sensors automatically detect what you took and charge your Amazon account. Some stores even have robot workers that can gather your online order and have it ready for pickup. Shopping literally can't get more automated and effortless than that!Inventory Management with RFIDOne important technology that has improved stores and the shopping experience is called RFID (radio-frequency identification). It uses tiny computer chips with antennas to trackinventory and products. Each product can have an RFID tag attached that allows it to be scanned and identified from a short distance using radio waves.Wal-Mart and other major retailers put RFID tags on all their merchandise. This way they can always know exactly what they have in stock, where it's located in the store or warehouse, and when they need to reorder certain items. It makes their supply chains and restocking extremely efficient. RFID also helps prevent theft since every item is essentially tracked and accounted for.For customers, RFID speeds up checkout because you don't need to individually scan each barcode on every single thing you buy. And if a store is out of something you're looking for, the staff can easily check if it's available at another nearby location thanks to the real-time inventory tracking.Augmented and Virtual RealitySome of the newest and coolest technologies being used for shopping are augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR). Have you ever used a smartphone app that lets you see what a piece of furniture would look like in your living room? Or maybe you've used those virtual dressing room mirrors at clothingstores to see how an outfit looks without even trying it on? That's augmented reality in action.With AR, you can overlay digital images on the real world using your phone or special goggles. For shopping, it's incredibly useful because you can get a true-to-life visualization of products before purchasing them. You can virtually place a new TV in your bedroom to gauge measurements. Or virtually try on sunglasses or have a jacket wrapped around your avatar. It's like getting to try before you buy!Some companies have even started experimenting with fully immersive virtual shopping using VR headsets. Imagine putting on a headset and instead of seeing the real world, you're transported to a photorealistic digital mall or store. Using controllers you can pick up and examine products just like in real life. You can look at every angle, zoom in on details, and toss items into a virtual shopping cart. It offers a seamless and lifelike shopping experience without ever leaving your home.The Future of RetailAs you can see, technology has already drastically transformed how we shop in so many ways. And this is really just the start! Experts predict that in coming years, we'll see even more innovations like:• Shopping with virtual assistants and robots that can answer all your questions• Holographic displays that create 3D holograms of products you're interested in• Checkout-free stores that automatically just charge you as you exit with items• Stores using computer vision and sensor networks to dynamically rearrange inventory placement based on consumer behaviors• Smart mirror displays that can instantly show you how every article of clothing in the store would look on your body• Haptic feedback and sensors that let you feel the texture of fabrics and objects when shopping online• Delivery by drones or droids straight to your homeAs you can tell, shopping in the future is going to be a totally immersive, sci-fi like experience! Every aspect is going to be enhanced and personalized using cutting-edge technologies. It's really going to blur the line between the digital and physical world when it comes to buying products.Of course, you'll still be able to shop the old-fashioned way by visiting brick-and-mortar stores if you prefer. But I bet even your parents will be amazed at how radically different andhigh-tech the shopping experience will become in the coming decades. Thanks to science and technology, shopping is being reinvented to be easier, faster and a lot more fun! I can't wait to see what they come up with next.篇3How Science and Technology Have Changed ShoppingHi, my name is Emma and I'm 10 years old. Today I want to tell you all about how science and technology have changed the way we shop for things. It's really amazing how different shopping is now compared to the way our parents and grandparents used to shop when they were kids!One of the biggest changes is online shopping. These days, you can buy almost anything online with just a few clicks on a computer or smartphone. My mom does a lot of our shopping on websites like Amazon. She can browse thousands of products, read reviews from other customers, and have stuff delivered right to our doorstep in just a couple days. Can you imagine how crazy that would seem to someone 30 or 40 years ago?Speaking of smartphones, they have really transformed the whole shopping experience. My parents use their phones to make lists, find coupons and deals, look up product info by scanning barcodes, and even pay at some stores now instead of using cash or a credit card. When we're out shopping, my dad sometimes uses his phone to compare prices at different stores. With smartphones, we have all that information literally at our fingertips!Online shopping wouldn't be possible without high-speed internet connections. The internet allows retailers to have these huge virtual storefronts with millions of products that people anywhere in the world can browse and purchase from. It's kind of like having every single store from every mall in the world combined into one website that you can shop from on your couch at home! Pretty incredible when you think about it.Have you ever heard of 3D printing? It's a new technology that can actually "print" solid objects from a digital design file. My uncle has a 3D printer and he's made all sorts of cool things like phone cases, small toys and accessories. In the future, we might be able to 3D print more of the products we want right at home instead of buying them from a store. How crazy is that?Radio frequency identification (RFID) is another sci-tech thing that is changing shopping. It's basically a tiny computer chip with an antenna that can transmit data wirelessly. RFID tags get attached to products and allow companies to automatically track everything as it moves through factories, trucks, warehouses and stock rooms. At some stores, RFID speeds up checkout because you can scan and pay for a whole cartful of products without having to scan each barcode. Neat, right?Even the way we pay for stuff is being impacted by new technologies. These days, lots of people use contactless payment systems like Apple Pay where you just wave your phone over a payment reader. No messing around with cash and coins! And cryptocurrency like Bitcoin is a totally digital currency that some online stores accept as payment.Self-driving vehicles might seem like a weird thing to bring up for shopping, but they could actually change the shopping experience in a major way one day. With self-driving cars and drones, stores could send your purchases right to your autonomously instead of you having to go to the store or wait for deliveries. How cool would it be to just push a button on your phone and have your stuff brought right to you?Artificial intelligence and robots are also starting to be used for certain shopping tasks. You might have seen videos of those big robot vacuum cleaners that roam around stores and use AI to scan shelves to make sure inventory levels are accurate. Some stores also use AI programs to help figure out what products to stock based on customer data. And humanoid robots could eventually be used to help customers or for things like grabbing items from high shelves. The future is here!That covers some of the biggest ways that science and technology have transformed how we shop in recent years. But this is really just the start - I can only imagine how wild things will get in 10 or 20 more years with new inventions and innovations. Holograms replacing physical stores? Instant matters and product replication? A personal robot shopping assistant? Who knows what's possible with future scientific breakthroughs!The one thing that probably won't change though is people's love of shopping itself. Even with all these awesome technologies, there's still something fun about going out to the mall or shops and trying on clothes, testing out gadgets, or just having an excuse to hang out with friends. Online shopping is convenient, but it can't quite replicate that in-person experience.At the end of the day, I'm just grateful to be living in such an amazing time of progress and technological advancements. Our ancestors could have never dreamed of the shopping experiences we have access to today. And I can't wait to see what incredible new shopping technologies await in the future!Thanks for reading my essay! I hope you found it informative and maybe even learned a thing or two about all the awesome science that's changing how we shop. Science and technology are so cool, aren't they? Let me know if you have any other questions!。

我的神奇想象万能鼠标英语作文四百字全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Magical Almighty MouseEver since I was a little kid, I've always had a wild imagination.I could transform ordinary objects into extraordinary adventures just by using my mind's eye. One of my favorite things to fantasize about was what I could do if I had a magical,all-powerful computer mouse.With my almighty mouse, I would be able to control everything on my computer screen with just a few clicks. Need to edit a document? Bam – the words would rearrange themselves perfectly with a couple of mouse gestures. Want to win that video game level that's been driving you crazy? Easy peasy – I'd guide my character flawlessly through every obstacle. Heck, I could even change the graphics and rules of the game itself if I wanted to!My imagination wouldn't stop there though. With anall-powerful mouse, I could leap right through the computer screen into any digital world I desired. I'd surf through waves ofcode in a multi-colored cyberspace ocean. I could shrink down and explore the inner workings of a microchip city. Or maybe I'd construct a virtual hangout mansion just for me and my friends, with unlocked cheat codes granting us infinite power-ups and abilities. The possibilities would be endless!Sometimes, my magical mouse fantasies would blur the line between virtual and reality. What if I could use it to control devices in the real world too? I could make the classroom lights flicker with a few dramatic mouse wiggles. Or maybe even pull a prank by making my teacher's PowerPoint go haywire! With great power comes great responsibility though, so I'd have to be careful...In the end, maybe it's better that my almighty mouse stays just a imaginary tool confined to my creativity. Sure, it'd be fun to have that boundless control over computers and technology for a little while. But part of the magic is limitless possibility - and that magic will always live on in the amazing human imagination. At least my daydreams are virus-free!篇2My Magical Imagination MouseIf you could have any superpower, what would it be? The ability to fly? Invisibility? Or maybe super strength? While those are all cool powers, I have an even better one - a magical computer mouse that can make anything I imagine become real!It all started on a boring Saturday morning. I was lying on my bed, staring up at the ceiling and thinking about how tedious life can be sometimes. School, homework, chores - it all felt like a exhausting cycle with no end in sight. I wished I could just snap my fingers and teleport to an amazing fantasy world full of adventure.I rolled over and my hand landed on my computer mouse. Suddenly, I had a crazy thought - what if this mouse wasn't just for clicking and scrolling, but was actually a powerful magic wand that could bring my dreams to life? A devious grin spread across my face as my mind started racing with possibilities.I grabbed the mouse, closed my eyes, and envisioned a dense jungle filled with exotic plants and strange creatures. When I opened my eyes, the boring beige walls of my bedroom had been replaced with thick vines and towering trees! Colorful birds flitted between the branches, while mischievous monkeys chattered all around me.This was incredible! I could go anywhere, see anything, just by pointing and clicking. There were no limits to where my imagination could take me.After exploring the jungle for a while, I got the itch to try something new. With a quick swipe of the mouse, the vines and trees melted away, reforming into a futuristic cityscape of sleek metal skyscrapers and zooming hovercars. I spent hours wandering the chrome streets, checking out the crazy technology of this hyper-modern world.When I eventually got bored of being a city slicker, I transformed my surroundings into a romantic medieval village, complete with a looming castle and clopping horse-drawn carriages. I even crafted a dashing prince character who came riding up on a noble steed to sweep me off my feet!This magical mouse allowed me to experience any kind of unbelievable scenario without ever leaving my bedroom. One minute I was soaring through alien galaxies, battling mighty dragons the next. I could be a brave knight, daring explorer, brilliant scientist, or anything else I dreamed up.Pretty soon, though, my endless adventures started feeling a bit lonely. Sure, I could create entire civilizations of imaginary people to interact with, but they were all just mindless puppetsacting out my whims. I craved authentic connections with real humans again.On a whim, I imagined my best friends sitting around me and just like that, they appeared! It was almost like the mouse could read my mind. We spent ages catching up, joking around, and just acting like normal kids again. Even if this alternate dimension wasn't quite real, at least I had my buddies by my side as we went on these wild journeys together.Eventually, we all got ram-shackled imagining the craziest, most bizarre scenarios we could think of - like an undersea world of skateboarding sharks or a realm where everything was made of candy. Every new idea sparked another, pushing our collective imagination to its limits.It made me realize that while the magic mouse's power was certainly incredible, the true magic came from the boundless creativity of the human mind itself. All the mouse did was take the visions in my head and make them temporarily tangible. The wildest fantasy worlds were already inside me, just waiting to be explored.So while I've had my fair share of fun with this miraculous mouse, I've also learned that our imaginations are the real superpower. They allow us to dream bigger, think outside thebox, and experience amazing adventures, even if just in our minds. That sense of childlike wonder and unrestrained creativity is something I never want to lose.Sure, an actual magic wand that could make anything real would be awesome. But the only limits to what I can imagine are the boundaries of my own mind. And something tells me those barriers will keep expanding for many lightyears to come. Maybe one day I'll even imagine a whole new world...who knows what sort of incredible destinations my imagination mouse will take me then?篇3My Magical Imaginary All-Powerful MouseEver since I was a little kid, I've had this really wild imagination. I could entertain myself for hours just making up crazy stories and fantasy worlds in my head. One thing that has stuck with me all these years is my imaginary friend - a magical all-powerful mouse that can do absolutely anything!This mouse has been by my side through thick and thin. Whenever I was feeling sad, bored, or lonely as a child, I could just picture him scurrying around and it would instantly cheer me up. He was always down for one of my imaginary adventures,whether it was exploring uncharted islands, battling evil robots, or pulling epic pranks on my annoying big brother.As I got older, the games and daydreams evolved and became more complex. Instead of just using my mouse buddy for fun and games, I started enlisting his magical abilities to help me out with all sorts of tasks and challenges. Struggling with a tough math problem? No worries, my mouse can just solve it with a wiggle of his whiskers! Have to write a massive research paper with piles of books to summarize? He'll scan through all the materials at lightning speed and dictate the perfect essay for me.Even now in my teenage years, I still find myself calling on my imaginary mouse companion all the time. He helps motivate me when I'm feeling lazy about schoolwork, calms my nerves before big tests or presentations, and gives me brilliant ideas when I'm feeling stuck on an assignment. Honestly, there's no limit to what he can do - he's an ALL-POWERFUL magical mouse after all!My friends think I'm totally weird and crazy for still having such a vivid imaginary friend at my age. But I don't care what they say - my mouse rules! Sure, it might seem a little childish, but there's nothing wrong with letting your imagination run wildsometimes. The great thing about pretending is that you can make absolutely anything possible. Why wouldn't I take advantage of having an all-powerful magical sidekick at my disposal?Some of my favorite things my mouse does for me are cleaning my room with a flick of his tail, making any food I want appear out of thin air when I'm hungry, and helping me pull hilarious harmless pranks on my friends and family. He's also amazing at giving me motivational pep talks. Like this one time when I totally bombed a chemistry test and felt like an idiot, he reminded me that Thomas Edison had to try over a thousand times before inventing the lightbulb. My mouse pal has a way of putting things into perspective and boosting my spirits.I know my imaginary mouse isn't real in a literal sense. But to me, he's definitely real in my mind and imagination. And that's what matters most, right? Being able to tap into that childlike sense of wonder, creativity, and possibility. Some people might think it's silly, but my magical mouse means the world to me. He's gotten me through so many tough times and always helps me see the brighter side of things. Maybe he'll stick around forever, or maybe I'll eventually outgrow him. Only time will tell.But for now, I'm just grateful to have such an amazing imaginary friend to help me navigate all the ups and downs of growing up.I like to think my mouse's magic powers represent the amazing potential of our own minds. By using our imagination, we can make anything seem possible. We can overcome obstacles, explore new worlds, and leave reality behind for a little while. So keep on dreaming and creating your own magical worlds, friends! Who knows what you might be able to accomplish with a little spark of imagination. You might even make up your own awesome powerful imaginary pal to keep you company along the way.。

学术英语理工教师手册Unit 1 Choosing a TopicI Teaching ObjectivesIn this unit , you will learn how to:1.choose a particular topic for your research2.formulate a research question3.write a working title for your research essay4.enhance your language skills related with reading and listening materials presented in this unit II. Teaching Procedures1.Deciding on a topicTask 1Answers may vary.Task 21 No, because they all seem like a subject rather than a topic, a subject which cannot be addressed even by a whole book, let alone by a1500-wordessay.2Each of them can be broken down into various and more specific aspects. For example, cancer can be classified into breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer and so on. Breast cancer can have such specific topics for research as causes for breast cancer, effects of breast cancer and prevention or diagnosis of breast cancer.3 Actually the topics of each field are endless. Take breast cancer for example, we can have the topics like:Why Women Suffer from Breast Cancer More Than Men?A New Way to Find Breast TumorsSome Risks of Getting Breast Cancer in Daily LifeBreast Cancer and Its Direct Biological ImpactBreast Cancer—the Symptoms & DiagnosisBreastfeeding and Breast CancerTask 31 Text 1 illustrates how hackers or unauthorized users use one way or another to get inside a computer, while Text2 describes the various electronic threats a computer may face.2 Both focus on the vulnerability of a computer.3 Text 1 analyzes the ways of computer hackers, while Text 2 describes security problems of a computer.4 Text 1: The way hackers “get inside” a computerText 2: Electronic threats a computer facesYes, I think they are interesting, important, manageable and adequate.Task 41Lecture1:Ten Commandments of Computer EthicsLecture 2:How to Deal with Computer HackersLecture 3:How I Begin to Develop Computer Applications2Answersmay vary.Task 5Answers may vary.2 Formulating a research questionTask 1Text 3Research question 1: How many types of cloud services are there and what are they? Research question 2: What is green computing?Research question 3: What are advantages of the cloud computing?Text 4Research question 1: What is the Web 3.0?Research question 2: What are advantages and disadvantages of the cloud computing? Research question 3: What security benefits can the cloud computing provide?Task 22 Topic2: Threats of Artificial IntelligenceResearch questions:1) What are the threats of artificial intelligence?2) How can human beings control those threats?3) What are the difficulties to control those threats?3 Topic3: The Potentials of NanotechnologyResearch questions:1) What are its potentials in medicine?2) What are its potentials in space exploration?3) What are its potentials in communications?4 Topic4: Global Warming and Its EffectsResearch questions:1) How does it affect the pattern of climates?2) How does it affect economic activities?3) How does it affect human behavior?Task 3Answers may vary.3 Writing a working titleTask 1Answers may vary.Task 21 Lecture 4 is about the security problems of cloud computing, while Lecture 5 is about the definition and nature of cloud computing, hence it is more elementary than Lecture 4.2 The four all focus on cloud computing. Although Lecture 4 and Text 4 address the same topic, the former is less optimistic while the latter has more confidence in the security of cloud computing. Text3 illustrates the various advantages of cloud computing.3 Lecture 4: Cloud Computing SecurityLecture 5: What Is Cloud Computing?Task 3Answers may vary.4 Enhancing your academic languageReading: Text 11.Match the words with their definitions.1g 2a 3e 4b 5c 6d 7j 8f 9h 10i2. Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary.1 symbolic 2distributed 3site 4complex 5identify6fairly 7straightforward 8capability 9target 10attempt11process 12parameter 13interpretation 14technical15range 16exploit 17networking 18involve19 instance 20specification 21accompany 22predictable 23profile3. Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold.Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentence patterns listed above.ranging from（从……到）arise from some misunderstandings（来自于对……误解）leaves a lot of problems unsolved（留下很多问题没有得到解决）opens a path for（打开了通道）requires a different frame of mind（需要有新的思想）4.Translate the following sentences from Text 1 into Chinese.1) 有些人声称黑客是那些超越知识疆界而不造成危害的好人（或即使造成危害，但并非故意而为），而“骇客”才是真正的坏人。

©2010 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Hyper-V, Windows, and Windows Server are registered trademarks or trademarksof Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.Q U I C K R E F E R E N C E G U I D E100 PCs 100 Users 50 Virtual MachinesShift 1Shift 2100 PCs 300 Workers 150 XP VMs100 PCs 100 Thin Clients100 PCs 100 Users Occasional Home Access100 Users 300 Company Devices100 Contractors Last Six Months of Year 100 ContractorsFirst Six Months of Year100 PCsPlease contact your Microsoft Sales Specialist for more details or to discuss your company’s specific scenarios and needs.Windows Licensing for VDIScenario 1: Standard USerSMy company has 100 PCs and 100 users that access Windows ® client Operating System (OS) (“Windows Client OS” implies one of thefollowing operating systems: Windows XP , Windows Vista ®, Windows 7) running on virtual machines (VMs) using VDI. However, only 50 VMs are running at any one time.License: If the PCs are covered under Software Assurance (SA), then no additional licensing is required, as Software Assurance contains rights to Windows VDI desktops.Scenario 2: Shift WorkerSMy company has 100 PCs with 300 workers accessing these PCs in shifts. At any time, 150 Windows client OS VMs are being accessed using VDI.License: If the PCs are covered under Software Assurance, then no additional licensing is required, as Software Assurance contains rights to Windows VDI desktops.Scenario 3: Mixed deSktop hardWareMy company has 100 PCs under SA and 100 thin clients (running a minimal OS such as Windows FLP or Windows Embedded for purposes of accessing a VDI). We have 100 Windows client VMs.License: For the 100 PCs covered under SA, no additional licensing isrequired. Each of the 100 thin clients would need a Windows Virtual Desktop Access (VDA) license, and hence a total of 100 Windows VDA licenses are required.Scenario 4: Standard USerS – hoMe USeMy company has 100 employees who are the primary users of 100 thin clients covered under Windows VDA. These employees occasionally work from home and access the corporate VMs via VDI.License: Windows VDA licenses extend roaming rights for the primary (“named”) user of a company-owned device covered under Windows VDA, and hence no additional licenses for home PCs are required in this scenario.Scenario 5: 100% hoMe USerSMy company has 100 workers who work from home and access Windows client VMs via VDI from their home PCs.License: The employee-owned PCs will have to be licensed with Windows VDA, and hence 100 Windows VDA licenses are required.Scenario 6: roaMing USerSI have 300 thin clients throughout my company and only 100 users who roam from station to station.License: Windows VDA is a device–based license so 300 thin clientsmust be licensed with Windows VDA. If the devices are PCs covered with SA, then no additional licensing is required.Scenario 7: contractor-oWned pcSMy company has 100 contractors who are working for six months, and we will engage 100 different contractors the other six months of the year.License: Assuming each contractor accesses the environment with one unique device, 100 Windows VDA licenses are required for the contractors to access the VDI environment. You can transfer the Windows VDA licenses to the second set of contractors after a period of 90 days of first assignment.Windows Vda at a glanceWhat is the license name?Windows Virtual Desktop Access (Windows VDA)What is the scenario?Access to a virtual copy of Windows client OS (Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP) in the datacenter What devices can be covered?Thin clients, non corporate PCs, devices that do not qualify forWindows Client SAIs Microsoft Software Assurancea prerequisite?NoWhat is the retail price?$100/year/deviceAre there Software Assurance benefits?YesWhat is the license type?Annual subscription What is the licensing unit?Per accessing deviceadditional License informationMicrosoft ® Office Volume Licensing or Software Assurance is required for Microsoft Office use in the VDI scenario. Standard Windows Server ® and Client Access Licenses (CAL) also apply. Check with your Microsoft Sales Specialist for more details.additional resources• F or more information about Microsoft VDA, please visit: • F or more information about Microsoft Virtualization, please visit: /virtualization• F or more information about Microsoft System Center, please visit: /systemcenter• F or more information about Windows Server 2008 R2,please visit: /windowsserver2008 • F or more information about Remote Desktop Services, please visit:/rdsThe following licensing scenarios areprovided to help you understand how best to license Windows for your Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) environment beyond July 1st, 2010.NOTE: Windows VDA is required for ALL VDI implementations that use a non-SA device to access a Windows VDI desktop, irrespective of the VDI infrastructure vendor.Licensing for Windows client OSMicrosoft Vdi Suite (Standard/Premium)Windows VdaLicensing for Server and Management InfrastructureLicensing for Windows client OSThin Clients/Non-SA DevicesMicrosoft Vdi Suite (Standard/Premium)Licensing for Windows client OS included in SALicensing for Server and Management Infrastructure onlyPC’s Under SAdesktop Virtualization from MicrosoftDesktop Virtualization is a set of technologies focused on optimizing desktop operations. It helps IT tune the desktop environment to better fit the different end users needs by separating desktop resources from each other.Microsoft provides a comprehensive set of desktop virtualization solutions to help in optimizing the desktop infrastructure. Microsoft recommends that customers begin their desktop virtualization project by virtualizing applications and the user state. These technologies can help decrease the desktop TCO by reducingoperational costs and standardizing the desktop environment. Once a strong foundation has been laid, Microsoft recommends that customers evaluate the desktop virtualization technologies at the OS layer. These technologies can help increase business flexibility by introducing new deployment options.Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) enables organizations to deploy Windows-based desktops in the datacenter, and enables remote access to these desktops from any authorized device, including thin clients. Not only does this enable anywhere access to connected devices, but it also improves business continuity and centralizes management of desktops. VDI can also help customers improve their compliance to strict industry regulations by securing desktops behind the datacenter. Due to these benefits, VDI is an ideal solution for scenarios that place a premium on security and management, providing managed desktops to third party/contractor PCs oremployee-owned PCs, or providing centralized desktops to remote offices/branch offices.the Microsoft Vdi SuitesThe Microsoft Virtual Desktop Infrastructure Suites (Microsoft VDI Suites) enable customers to centralize their desktops using comprehensive VDI infrastructure and management software from Microsoft. The new Microsoft VDI Suites simplify licensing, and provide better value than competing VDI technologies, making them an excellent value compared to competitive offerings. The VDI Suites are licensed per end point device, and hence are independent of the volume of server and management infrastructure.End point devices that do not qualify for Software Assurance (such as thin clients) may also need additional Windows Virtual Desktop Access (VDA) licensing.Together, the Microsoft VDI Suites and Windows VDA provide a simple, device-based licensing model for your VDI environment.There are two suites on offer from Microsoft for VDI:• Microsoft VDI Standard Suite includes technologies such as:– M icrosoft Hyper-V TM Server 2008 R2: A reliable, scalable, and high performance hypervisor.– M icrosoft System Center Virtual Machine Manager (SCVMM), System Center Operations Manager (SCOM), and System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM): Familiar Windows-based tools to streamline management of your VDI infrastructure.– M icrosoft Desktop Optimization Pack (MDOP): Market-leading application virtualization technology to enable dynamicapplication delivery, along with other desktop virtualization and management technologies.– W indows Server Remote Desktop Services (RDS): Basicinfrastructure and connection brokering capabilities to deliver static or pooled virtual desktops to users. • M icrosoft VDI Premium Suite includes all the technology within the Standard Suite, and additionally provides:– F ull Remote Desktop Services functionality to enable both session-based and VM-based desktops through the same set of tools, thereby providing additional deployment flexibility.– M icrosoft Application Virtualization for RDS: To help remove the silos around session-based application delivery.In addition to our VDI technology, Microsoft has extended its partnerships with ISVs such as Citrix ® to enable enterprise grade performance and scalability for Microsoft VDI environments.For example, Citrix XenDesktop adds value to the Microsoft platform by providing single image management, storage optimization, and a rich remote user experience across multiple types of network and device configurations.the Value of Windows Vda andSoftware assurance Virtual desktop rightsLicensing Windows through SA or Windows VDA providesinherent benefits over traditional Windows licenses such as OEM and FPP , since they were not designed for the VDI scenario.These subscriptions have been designed to provide the licensing flexibility you need for your VDI environment, and include the following features:right / featuredetailsWindows Vda oeM / fpp LicensesAccess a Windows Client OS running in the datacenter Install Windows on any combination of server hardware and storage Business ContinuityUnlimited motion between server hardware and storageAccess multiple VMs from s single device Up to four running VM instances per deviceExtended roaming rightsPrimary user of a VDA or SA device can access VDI desktop from any device outside the corporate firewallUse any version of WindowsUpgrade/downgrade rights for Windows includedAccess to MDOP for < $10/yr per desktop MDOP helps reduce desktop TCO andstreamlines management Easy license management Use KMS / MAK keys to dynamically activate your Windows VMsAccess to Windows 7 Enterprise Improved user experience and enterprise features Comprehensive Maintenance Program 24x7 support, downgrade to XP , Win2K, extended hotfix, etc, training Unlimited backupUnlimited, not running instancesHow to Get Windows VDA Benefits Today?Contact your local Microsoft representative to learn how to avail of Windows VDA and Windows Client software Assurance benefits today.Licensing Windows for VdiMicrosoft has announced changes to its licensing model for Windows-based desktops in a VDI environment, which will come into effect on July 1st, 2010. The older Windows VECD and Windows VECD for SA licenses will be discontinued, and will no longer be available on the pricelist. Please contact your local Microsoft representative to understand details around how this impacts your current agreement with Microsoft.Customers that intend to use Windows PCs already covered under Software Assurance as the access device to their VDI environment can now do so at no additional cost. Windows Client SA now allows organizations the right to deploy Windows in the datacenter, thereby increasing the value of their SA subscription.Customers that intend to use devices that do not qualify for SA (such as thin clients or third party devices) will need to license those devices with Windows Virtual Desktop Access.Windows VDA is a device-based subscription that currently retails for $100/device/year. Since Windows VDA is licensed per accessing device, it is independent of number of desktop VMs in the datacenter, allowing access to up to 4 VMs concurrently. Each Windows VDA license also includes extended roaming rights, which allow the primary user of a Windows VDA device at work to access their personal VDI desktop from any device not owned or controlled by their corporation, thereby allowing them to roam between devices outside of the corporate firewall.Data & UserSettingsEnable user’s data to follow them across devicesDeliver applications on demand to users Deploy a single OS image across PCs, laptops, and VDIApplicationsOperating System。

Windows 11Why Windows 11Why Windows 11The pandemic is driving an increased need for agility and resilienceMaintain productivity at pre-pandemic levels while working from home Reduce barriers tocollaborationProtect corporate data andendpoints from malware andransomwareDeliver consistent workplaceequipment and services forremote workDesignedfor hybrid workProductiveImprove productivity and focus with a simple, powerful user experience.CollaborativeA smarter way tocollaborate with MicrosoftTeams integration.SecureReady for Zero Trust, toprotect data and secureaccess, anywhere.ConsistentApp compatibility and cloudmanagement makeadoption easy.Work smarter with as imple, powerful user experienceProductiveProductiveSimple, modern visualsWindows visuals to delightand focus on what matters.Snap assistAutomatically keep yourwindow layouts saved inperfect arrangement.WidgetsStay on top of what’simportant with personalizedaggregated content.Integrated voice typingEffortlessly type a documentor write an email without akeyboard.Great tablet experienceVoice Typing: requires a PC with a microphoneA smarter way tocollaborate with MicrosoftTeams integrationCollaborativeCollaborateShare a window while in ameetingShare any window fromthe Taskbar while in a call orin a meeting.Inclusive videoconferencingTurn microphone on and offright from the taskbar soeveryone’s voice is heard.Keep the background in thebackground with intelligentnoise cancelling and blur.Some features require a commercial Microsoft 365 subscription serviceIntelligent Video Conferencing requires video camera, microphone and speaker (audio output)Mute/Unmute from Taskbar, requires video camera, microphone, and speaker (audio output). App must be compatible with feature to enable global mute/unmuteProtect data and secure identities in a zero-trust worldSecureSecureThe most secure Windows yetIncreased protection with built-in security and hardware-based isolation Company PCs for remoteworkersShip the employeecorporate owneddevices that is locked topolicyForget passwords, gopasswordless.Convenient, secure, singlesign-on with WindowsHello for Business.Some features require a new PC or a clean install of the OSSome features require a commercial Microsoft 365 subscription serviceWindows Hello requires a camera configured for near infrared (IR) imaging or fingerprint reader for biometric authentication.Devices without biometric sensors canuse Windows Hello with a PIN or portable FIDO2 compatible security keySecurity by defaultWindows 11 delivers powerful protection from chip to cloudIn Windows 11, hardware and software security work together to help keep users, data, and devices protected.•Protects against threats by separating hardware from software with hardware root-of-trust, forpowerful security from the start•Protect the OS with against unauthorized access to critical data•Delivers robust application security and prevents access to unverified code•Protects user identities withpasswordless security•Extends security to the cloud to help protect devices, data, apps, and identitiesfrom anywhereCloud protection IdentityprotectionApplicationprotectionOperating systemprotectionHardware andfirmware protection*Requires new PC with Pluton processor, expected availability Spring 2022Servicing and managementis consistent with Windows10 to help you moveforward.ConsistentConsistent in controlDeploy Windows 11 devices alongside Windows 10 devicesBuild on the same foundation as Windows 10Proactively identify update targets with analytics Managed from the cloudwith solutions your alreadyhave.Provision and managedevices for the hybridworkforceSecurely print fromanywhere to any printerwith Universal PrintWindows 10 apps work onWindows 11App Assure guaranteesapplication compatibilityRun virtual apps like localwith Azure Virtual DesktopDRAFTWhen apps work on Windows 10, they work on Windows 11. Engage the App Assure service to fix problems you identifyMicrosoft takes responsibility for compatibility. Guaranteed by App Assure.791,553 Number of appsevaluated 99.7%Applicationcompatibility rate88 MUnblockedendpoints43.5 MHelpdesk callsprevented (estimate)$7.53 BEstimated customercost savingsUse Test Base for Microsoft 365 (preview) to test your business-critical apps if you have a concern. aka.ms/TestBaseApp Assure requires a Microsoft 365 subscription with a minimum of 150 seatsBuild for hybrid workWindows 10 & 11 Cohabitate:Update devices that meet the hardware floorSame servicing framework & processSame tooling & management approachSame ring strategy and approach –justanother feature updateRun the same applicationsFamiliar user experiencesSame deployment cadencePlan Prepare DeployChoice Productive CollaborativeConsistent SecureEnterprise readyWindows Lifecycle•Two releases per year (Last release 22H2)•Monthly cumulative quality updates •Non-Volume Licensing editions –18 months •Home •Pro•Pro Education,•Pro for Workstations•Volume Licensing editions -18 months (Spring) and 30 months (Fall)•Enterprise •IoT Enterprise •Education•Enterprise Multi-sessionFormal support ends October 14, 2025, except LTSC editions. No more releases for Windows 10 after 22H2•One release per year•Monthly cumulative quality updates•Non-Volume Licensing editions –24 months •Home •Pro•Pro Education,•Pro for Workstations•Volume Licensing editions –36 months •Enterprise •IoT Enterprise •Education•Enterprise Multi-sessionWindows cloud activationAutomatically upgrades Pro to EnterpriseWindows Update for Business deployment service Provides control over the approval, scheduling, and safeguarding of updates delivered from Windows Update+ Firmware & driver updates.Microsoft 365 Admin Center integrationEnhanced visibility into Release Health and security posture with Windows Secure Score.Universal PrintServerless printer management, eliminates print servers and the need to install printer drivers.+ Print from all Office for the web apps and secure release.Microsoft Endpoint Manager integrationEndpoint analytics remediationBitLocker key management and recoveryWindows feature update device readiness reportWindows feature update compatibility risks report+ Application compatibility report+ Windows subscription managementWindows diagnostic data controlsAbility to become controller of your diagnostic data and store it in an Azure compliance boundary.Windows AutopatchIntelligent services that keeps Windows, Microsoft Edge and Office deployments updated. (available July 1, 2022)In-product organizational messaging service Corporate communication to end users during device setup and beyond Microsoft Defender Application GuardHardware-based VBS isolation of Microsoft EdgeDirect Access and Always-On VPNSecure access to on-premises and private cloud resources Personal Data EncryptionProtect personal files using Windows Hello credentials under lock screen Best virtualization supportLicense to run Local VM, access to Windows 365 Enterprise; Azure Virtual Desktop and VDA client license included.FastTrack and App Assure servicesAccess to FastTrack engineers for Windows 10/11, Microsoft Edge, Universal Print, and application compatibility remediation.Long Term Servicing ChannelWindows Enterprise OS version for specialized devicesE3 Benefits roadmap Cloud value On-device valueEnterprise lifecycle valueH2H1H2H2H2H1H124 months36 monthsWindows 11 ProWindows 11 EnterpriseMore time to test and keep the business running More time to pilot deployment rings More time to optimize your update processOne single Feature Release in the second half of the yearEdition comparisonMicrosoft Defender AV Windows update Edge Widgets Ink & touchWindows update for Business Windows Hello for Business MDM/GPO support Windows Autopilot AD & Azure AD join Device Encryption Hyper-V for local VMs Microsoft Defender AV Windows update Edge Widgets Ink & touchModern BitLocker Administration WDAC & Application Control Security ScoreApplication Guard for Edge Direct Access & AO-VPN Long-term Servicing Channel 36 Months Extended Servicing FastTrack & App Assure 50% off Windows 7 ESUVDA, Windows 365 Enterprise, Windows Virtual Desktop client license includedEndpoint Manager devicereadiness, update compatibility risks reports & endpoint analytics remediationWindows diagnostic data control Windows Cloud Activation Windows update for Business deployment servicePro Windows update for Business Windows Hello for Business MDM/GPO support Windows Autopilot AD & Azure AD join Device Encryption Hyper-V for local VMs HomeMicrosoft Defender AV Windows update Microsoft Edge Widgets Ink & touchModern BitLocker Administration WDAC & Application Control Security ScoreApplication Guard for Edge Direct Access & AO-VPN Long-term Servicing Channel 36 Months Extended Servicing* FastTrack & App Assure 50% off Windows 7 ESUVDA, Windows 365 Enterprise, Windows Virtual Desktop client license includedEndpoint Manager devicereadiness, update compatibility risks reports & endpoint analytics remediationWindows diagnostic data control Windows Cloud Activation Windows update for Business deployment serviceWindows update for Business Windows Hello for Business MDM/GPO support Windows Autopilot AD & Azure AD join Device Encryption Hyper-V for local VMs Microsoft Defender AV Windows update Edge Widgets Ink & touchMicrosoft Defender for Endpoints Home and personal useSmall & medium business and enthusiastsEnterprise scale cloud-powered capabilities and OS-based featureThe complete endpoint security solution for WindowsDevice licenseUser licenseWindows E5Enterprise E3Hardware requirements To install or upgrade to Windows 11, devices must meet a set of minimum hardware requirements •Processor: 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster with two or more cores on a compatible 64-bit processor or system on a chip (SoC)•RAM: 4GBs or greater•Storage space: 64GBs or larger•Graphics card: Compatible with DirectX 12 or later with WDDM 2.0 driver•System firmware: UEFI, Secure Boot capable•TPM: Trusted Platform Module (TPM) version 2.0•Display:High definition (720p) display, 9" or greater, 8 bits per color channel•Internet connection: Internet access is required to perform updates and to download and take advantage of somefeatures.Windows 11 Home edition requires internetconnectivity and a Microsoft Account to complete devicesetup on first use.•Note: S mode is only supported on Home Edition on Windows 11. If you are running a different edition ofWindows in S mode, you will need to first switch out of Smode prior to upgrading. Switching a device out of Windows10 in S mode also requires internet connectivity.Learn more: https:///windows/whats-new/windows-11-requirementsGet started todayConsistent management and servicingUpgrade to Windows 11 using tools and processes that you already have in place today for Windows 10Upgrade channel Management tool, analytics Upgrade support by general availabilityOn-premises Windows Server Update Service, Windows Update for Business Microsoft Endpoint Configuration Manager (SCCM) Endpoint AnalyticsThe cloud Group Policy Management Console (GPMC), local Group Policy Microsoft Endpoint Manager Intune,Windows Update for Business Update Compliance, Endpoint AnalyticsThird-party Third-party management tools and analytics* *Dependent on third-party partner support.Check Hardware requirements with Endpoint analytics Learn more:aka.ms/windows/EndpointAnalyticsManual test hardware requirements with PC Health CheckLearn more:aka.ms/GetPCHealthCheckAppThank you。