【精准解析】山东省烟台市中英文学校2021届高三上学期冬学竞赛化学试卷

山东省烟台市中英文学校2020年高三化学测试题含解析一、单选题（本大题共15个小题，每小题4分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，共60分。

）1. 下列叙述正确的是（）A．稀硝酸、稀硫酸均能将木炭氧化成二氧化碳B．Na2O2与水反应，红热的Fe与水蒸气反应均能生成碱C．Li、C、P分别在足量氧气中燃烧均生成一种相应氧化物D．NaHCO3、Na2CO3、（NH4）2CO3三种固体受热后均能生成气体参考答案：C略2. 向绝热恒容密闭容器中通人N2和H2,在一定条件下使反应达到平衡，n(H2)和n(NH3)随时间变化的关系如图所示。

下列有关叙述一定正确的是A. c点表示NH3.生成速率与NH3分解速率相等B c点和e点H2的转化率相等C平衡后再升高温度，不利于氨的合成D. d点时：参考答案：略3.参考答案：D4. 下列分子或离子在指定的分散系中能大量共存的一组是A．银氨溶液：Na+、K+、NO3-、NH3·H2OB．空气：C2H2、CO2、SO2、NOC．氢氧化铁胶体：H+、K+、S2-、B r-D．高锰酸钾溶液：H+、Na+、SO42-、葡萄糖分子参考答案：A5. 下列说法正确的是（）A．摩尔是一种国际基本物理量B．标准状况下1摩尔SO3的体积约为22.4 LC．常温常压下，11.2 LＮ２含有的分子数为0.5ＮＡD．在同温同压下，相同体积的任何气体单质所含分子数相同参考答案：D略6. (08惠州调研)向各盛有100L水的A、B、C三个烧杯中分别加入0.1mol的钠、氧化钠、过氧化钠，固体完全溶解后，各溶液中溶质的质量分数的顺序是（）A．C>B>AB．B=C>AC． B=C<AD．B>C>A参考答案：答案：B7. 下列离子方程式错误的是A.证明醋酸的酸性比碳酸强：2CH3COOH+CaCO3=Ca2++H2O+2CH3COO-+ CO2B．证明FeCl2溶液已变质：Fe3++3SCN- =Fe(SCN)3C．证明Al(OH) 3有酸性：Al( OH)3 +NH3．H2O= AlO2- +NH4+ +2H2OD．证明氧化性Fe3+> Cu2+：2Fe3+ +Cu=Cu2++ 2Fe2+参考答案：C8. 在某100mL混合液中,HNO3物质的量浓度为4mol/L,H2SO4物质的量浓度为4mol/L,向其中加入19.2g铜粉微热,待充分反应后,则被还原的HNO3物质的量为( )A. 0.4molB.0.2 molC. 0.225molD.无法计算参考答案：B略9. 下图装置可用于收集气体并验证其化学性质，下列对应关系完全正确的是参考答案：C10. 下列叙述正确的是A．1 mol H2O的质量为18g/mo l B．CH4的摩尔质量为16gC．3.01×1023个SO2分子的质量为32g D．标准状况下,1 mol任何物质体积均为22.4L 参考答案：C略11. 下列化学用语表达正确的是A. N2的电子式：B. 的结构示意图：C. 次氯酸的结构式：D. NaHCO3的电离方程式：参考答案：C略12. 常温下，0.1000mol/L NaOH溶液分别滴20. 00mL 0.1000 mol/L盐酸和20. 00mL0.1000 mol/L 醋酸溶液，得到2条滴定曲线，如图。

山东省烟台市化学高三上学期复习试卷(答案在后面)一、单项选择题（本大题有16小题，每小题3分，共48分）1、下列关于化学实验基本操作的说法中，正确的是（）A、称量药品时，必须使用天平，不能用手直接接触固体药品。

B、加热试管中的液体时，液体体积不能超过试管容积的1/3。

C、过滤实验中，滤纸应该紧贴漏斗内壁。

D、在稀释浓硫酸时，应该将水慢慢倒入浓硫酸中，并用玻璃棒不断搅拌。

2、下列关于化学键类型的描述，正确的是：A. 离子键通常存在于金属元素和非金属元素之间。

B. 共价键通常存在于非金属元素和非金属元素之间。

C. 金属键通常存在于金属元素和金属元素之间。

D. 氢键通常存在于金属元素和金属元素之间。

3、下列关于化学反应速率的叙述中，正确的是（）A、反应物浓度越高，化学反应速率越快B、温度越高，化学反应速率越慢C、催化剂的加入会降低反应活化能，从而提高化学反应速率D、压强对有气体参与的反应速率没有影响4、下列物质中，不属于同分异构体的是（）A. 乙醇和二甲醚B. 正丁烷和异丁烷C. 乙酸和甲酸甲酯D. 丙烯和环丙烷5、下列关于化学键的说法中，正确的是（）A、所有金属元素形成的化合物都含有离子键B、非金属元素之间只能形成共价键C、离子化合物中一定含有离子键，可能含有共价键D、所有的极性分子都含有极性键6、下列物质中，不属于高分子化合物的是：A、聚乙烯B、淀粉C、葡萄糖D、蛋白质7、下列物质中，属于有机物的是（）A. H2O2（过氧化氢）B. CO（一氧化碳）C. HNO3（硝酸）D. CH4（甲烷）8、下列关于化学反应速率的说法正确的是（）A、反应速率越大，反应时间越短B、温度越高，反应速率越快C、催化剂只能改变反应速率，不能改变反应物和生成物的能量D、反应物浓度越高，反应速率越快9、下列物质中，属于非电解质的是（）A、NaOHB、HClC、CO2D、KCl10、下列关于化学键的描述中，正确的是（）A、共价键是由不同元素的原子通过共享电子对形成的B、离子键是由相同元素的原子通过得失电子形成的C、金属键是由金属原子通过共享价电子形成的D、氢键是一种特殊的共价键11、下列关于化学键的描述，正确的是：A. 离子键是由两个相同电荷的离子之间的静电吸引力形成的。

山东省烟台市2021—2022学年度第一学期期末学业水平诊断高三化学1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、考生号、座号填写在相应位置，认真核对姓名、考生号和座号。

2．选择题答案必须使用2B铅笔(按填涂样例)正确填涂；非选择题答案必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。

3．请按照题号在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。

保持卡面清洁，不折叠、不破损。

可能用到的相对原子质量：Na 23 C1 35.5 Ni 59 Cu 64 As 75一、选择题：本题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题意。

1．2021年9月7日是“国际清洁空气蓝天日”，其主题是“健康的空气，健康的地球”。

不符合这一主题的是A．焚烧生活垃圾减少土壤污染B．推广乙醇汽油减少空气污染C．开发煤制油技术减少雾霾的形成D．烟台海阳市核能供暖实现“零碳”排放2．下列物质应用正确的是A．无水氯化钙用于干燥氨气B．福尔马林用作食品的保鲜剂C．一氧化氮用于某些疾病的治疗D．聚氯乙烯用于制作不粘锅的耐热涂层3．在制备和纯化乙酸乙酯的实验过程中，下列装置未涉及的是4．短周期元素W、X、Y、Z的原子序数依次增加。

m、n、p是由前三种元素组成的二元化合物，s是元素Z的单质，0.01mo1·L-1q溶液的pH为1.86，上述物质的转化关系如图所示。

下列说法错误的是A．简单离子半径：Y>Z>X>WB．简单氢化物水溶液的酸性：Z>YC．同周期中第一电离能大于Y的元素有3种D．Y、Z最高价氧化物对应的水化物中心原子的杂化方式不同5．下列说法正确的是A．加热NaI与浓H3PO4混合物可制备HI，说明H3PO4比HI酸性强B．向补铁口服液中滴加酸性KMnO4溶液，紫色褪去，说明补铁口服液中含Fe2+C．向含BaC12的FeC13溶液中通入SO2，产生白色沉淀，说明SO2具有还原性D．用湿润的淀粉碘化钾试纸检验C12，试纸先变蓝后褪色，说明C12具有漂白性6．设N A为阿伏加德罗常数的值。

山东省烟台市中英文学校2022年高三化学测试题含解析一、单选题（本大题共15个小题，每小题4分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，共60分。

）1. 过滤后的食盐水仍含有可溶性的CaCl2、MgCl2、Na2SO4等杂质，通过如下几个实验步骤，可制得纯净的食盐水：①加入稍过量的Na2CO3溶液；②加入稍过量的NaOH溶液；③加入稍过量的BaCl2溶液；④滴入稀盐酸至无气泡产生；⑤过滤。

操作顺序不正确的是（）A．③②①⑤④ B．③⑤②①④ C．③①②⑤④ D．②③①⑤④参考答案：B略2. 欲使0.1mol/L的NaHCO3溶液中c(H+)、c(CO)、c(HCO3ˉ)都减少，其方法是（）A．通入二氧化碳气体 B．加入氢氧化钠固体C．通入氯化氢气体 D．加入饱和石灰水溶液参考答案：答案：D3. 三氟化氮(NF3)是微电子工业中优良的等离子刻蚀气体，它在潮湿的环境中能发生反应：NF3＋H2O→NO＋HNO3＋HF（没配平）。

下列有关说法正确的是 ()A．NF3是氧化剂，H2O是还原剂B．还原剂与氧化剂的物质的量之比为2∶1C．若生成0.2 mol HNO3，则转移0.2 mol电子D．NF3在潮湿的空气中泄漏会产生红棕色气体参考答案：D 略4. a、b、c、d为短周期元素，a的原子中只有1个电子，b2－和c+离子的电子层结构相同，d与b同族。

下列叙述错误的是A．a与其他三种元素形成的二元化合物中其化合价均为+1B．b与其他三种元素均可形成至少两种二元化合物C．c的原子半径是这些元素中最大的D．d和a形成的化合物的溶液呈弱酸性参考答案：A试题分析：a的原子中只有1个电子，则a为氢元素，a、b、c、d为短周期元素，b2－和c+离子的电子层结构相同，则b为氧元素，c为钠元素，d与b同族，则d为硫元素，据此解答。

H分别与O、S形成化合物可以为H2O和H2S，氢元素的化合价为+1价，而NaH中氢元素的化合价为-1价，A项错误。

2021年山东省烟台市海阳双语中学高三化学期末试题含解析一、单选题（本大题共15个小题，每小题4分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，共60分。

）1. 1mol X跟a mol Y在体积可变的密闭容器中发生如下反应：X(g)＋a Y(g) b Z(g) 反应达到平衡后，测得X的转化率为50％。

而且，在同温同压下还测得反应前混合气体的密度是反应后混合气体密度的3/4，则a和b的数值可能是：（）A．a＝1，b＝1 B．a＝2，b＝1 C．a＝2，b＝3 D．a＝3，b＝3参考答案：A【Ks5u解析】 X（g）+a Y（g） b Z（g）．起始量（mol） 1 a 0变化量（mol） 0.5 0.5a 0.5b平衡量（mol）0.5 0.5a 0.5b依据在同温同压下反应前后混合气体的密度之比和气体体积成反比即和气体物质的量成反得到，在同温同压下测得反应前混合气体的密度是反应后混合气体密度的3/4，即反应后气体物质的量是反应前气体物质的量3/4，则得到(0.5+0.5a+0.5b)/(1+a)=3/4；计算得到：2b=a+1；依据选项中的取值分析判断：a=1，b=1，符合计算关系，选A。

2. 在两个密闭容器中，分别充有质量相等的甲、乙两种气体，它们的温度和密度均相同。

试根据甲、乙的摩尔质量(M)的关系，判断下列说法中正确的是A．若M(甲)>M(乙)，则分子数：甲>乙B．若M(甲)<M(乙)，则气体摩尔体积：甲>乙C．若M(甲)<M(乙)，则气体的压强：甲>乙D．若M(甲)>M(乙)，则气体体积：甲<乙参考答案：C略3. 设NA为阿佛加德罗常数，下列叙述中正确的A．标准状况下，22.4LCO2和O2混合气体中含有的氧原子数为N A B．0.1mol Fe在0.1mol C12中充分燃烧，转移的电子数为0.3N AC．2mol SO2和1mol O2在密闭容器中加热（V2O5催化）充分反应后，容器内分子总数为2N AD．将0.1mol Cl2与足量NaOH溶液在常温下充分反应，转移的电子数为0.1NA参考答案：D略4. 下列图象正确的是()参考答案：A略5. （1）已知PH=2的次碘酸（HIO）溶液与PH=12的NaOH溶液等体积混合，所得溶液呈酸性；（2）001molL-1的HIO3或HMnO4溶液与PH=12的Ba(OH)2溶液等体积混合,所得溶液均呈中性,则下列有关结论不正确的是A、HIO是强酸B、HIO3是强酸C、HMnO4是强电解质D、HIO是弱酸参考答案：A6. 下列各组离子在给定条件下能大量共存的是A．在pH＝1的溶液中：NH、K＋、ClO－、Cl－B．有SO存在的溶液中：Na＋、Mg2＋、Ca2＋、I－C．在c(H＋)＝1.0×10－13mol·L－1的溶液中：Na＋、S2－、AlO、SOD．在NO存在的强酸性溶液中：NH、Ba2＋、Fe2＋、Br－参考答案：C略7. 等物质的量的N2、O2、CO2混合气体通过Na2O2后，体积变成原体积的8/9（同温同压），这时混合气体中N2、O2、CO2物质的量之比为A．3∶4∶1 B．3∶3∶2 C．6∶7∶3 D．6∶9∶0参考答案：A略8. 做实验时不小心使皮肤上粘了一些高锰酸钾，形成的黑斑很久才能消除，如果用乙二酸的稀溶液洗涤，黑斑可以迅速褪去，其离子方程式为：MnO+H2C2O4+H+ CO2↑+Mn2++ 1 。

高二化学试题可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Mg 24 Al 27 S 32 Cl 35.5 Ca 40 Mn 55 Fe 56 Co 59 Cu 64 Br 80 Ba 137I卷（48分）一、选择题（每个题目只有一个．．正确选项，每题3分）1.下列事实中不能证明CH3COOH是弱电解质的是( )A.常温下某CH3COONa溶液的pH=8B.常温下0.1 mol·L1 CH3COOH溶液的pH=2.8C.CH3COONa溶液与稀盐酸反应生成CH3COOH和NaClD.CH3COOH属于共价化合物2.对于常温下pH=3的乙酸溶液,下列说法正确的是( )A.与等体积pH=3的硫酸相比,乙酸跟足量锌粒反应产生的H2更多B.加水稀释到原体积的10倍后溶液pH变为4C.加入少量乙酸钠固体,溶液pH减小D.加水稀释后,溶液中c(H+)和c(OH)都减小3.已知某温度时一元弱酸HA的电离平衡常数为K。

该温度下向20 mL 0.1 mol·L1HA溶液中逐滴加入0.1 mol·L1NaOH溶液,其pH变化曲线如图 (忽略温度变化)。

下列说法中不正确的是( )A.a点表示的溶液中c(A)=103 mol·L1B.b点表示的溶液中c(A)>c(Na+)C.c点表示HA和NaOH恰好反应完全D.b、d点表示的溶液中相等4.下列说法不正确的是 ( )A.常温下,将浓度为0.1 mol·L1的HF溶液加水不断稀释,溶液中的值始终保持增大B.若室温时,0.1 mol·L1的HA溶液有0.1% HA发生电离,则室温时HA的K=1×107C.常温下,在滴有酚酞溶液的氨水中,加入NH4Cl至溶液恰好无色,则此时溶液的pH<7D.常温下,若1 mL pH=1的盐酸与100 mL NaOH溶液混合后,溶液的pH=7,则NaOH 溶液的pH=115.关于室温下下列溶液的说法不正确的是( )编号①②③④溶液氨水氢氧化钠溶液盐酸醋酸溶液pH 11 11 3 3A.水的电离程度:①=②=③=④B.分别加水稀释10倍,溶液的pH:①>②>③>④C.①、③两溶液等体积混合:c(Cl)>c(N)>c(H+)>c(OH)D.V1 L溶液②与V2L溶液③混合,若V1∶V2=9∶11,则混合溶液pH=4(忽略溶液体积变化)6. 25 ℃时,用浓度均为0.1 mol·L1的NaOH溶液和盐酸分别滴定体积均为20 mL浓度均为0.1 mol·L1的HA 溶液与BOH溶液。

冬学竞赛英语第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节(共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分7.5 分)听下面5 段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

A. Learn more about prices.B. Find a supplier.C. Do reports.2. When will the meeting be held?A. At 11:30.B. At 12:00.C. At 1:00.3. Why is the woman leaving work early?A. To take care of her mother.B. To post a package.C. To pick up a car.4. What are the speakers talking about in general?A. A trip.B. Food.C. The weather.5. What relation is the man to the woman?A. Her customer.B. Her co-worker.C. Her boss.第二节 (共15小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分22.5 分)听下面5 段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5 秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6 段材料，回答第6、7 题。

6. What will the woman do on Saturday afternoon?A. Do her homework.B. Enjoy a concert.C. Watch a game.7. Where will the woman go on Sunday?A. To a park.B. To a hospital.C. To the man’s house.听第7 段材料，回答第8、9 题。

山东省烟台市中英文学校2020-2021学年高三上学期冬学竞赛英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Being stuck at home doesn't mean that learning stops. In fact, it’s just the opposite. Here are some activities and resources to foster kids' imagination and build their curiosity at home.Let's Get Down to the ScienceThe science lab at school may be closed, but you can still put on goggles and a white lab coat and learn at home. This Test Tube Experiment Kit will make you feel like a genius in no time. Kids will get the chance to learn about basic chemistry, physics, and more by creating pop-resistant bubbles, bouncy balls, and other objects.To Infinity（无穷）and BeyondEarth is a part of the Milky Way galaxy, but did you know there are around 100 million galaxies in the universe? There are so many fun and fascinating things to learn about space that the possibilities truly go to infinity and beyond. A great way start your child's educational space adventure is with this Real Life Sticker and Activity Book.Take a Walk on the Wild SideBiology class is in session! Here's your chance to get up close and personal with a great white shark without putting on a wetsuit. This 4D Great White Shark Anatomy Kit allows you to get an inside look at what makes these predators of the deep so powerful. And then take an even deeper dive into a shark's world with I Am Shark .Take advantage of this time at home and find new ways to keep exploring the world around you.1．What is common among these activities above?A．They are all performed outdoors.B．They are all associated with physics.C．They are all carried out by the way of experimenting.D．They all recommend some resources for kids to study.2．Which book favors children interested in stars?A．This Test Tube Experiment Kit.B．Real Life Slicker and Activity Book.C．4D Great White Shark Anatomy Kit.D．I Am Shark .3．The shared goal of the activities is to .A．gain financial benefits B．save kids from boredomC．explore new technologies D．inspire kids to study at homeCompassion and love are concepts that are often thought to be felt by humans only. As the most intelligent creatures to ever walk the earth, we tend to assume that we are the only ones who can feel emotions. We forget that the speechless beings who live here with us—animals—also have the same capability.During a cold night in Ontario, Canada, a passer-by spotted something on the side of the road that made her stop-a shaking dog curled up in the snow.When she approached the pet, she discovered that she wasn't alone—she was cuddling five orphaned black kittens to keep them warm.The dog surely could have found a safer place to stay for the night, but she chose instead to help not just herself but other stray animals as well.The Good Samaritan called Pet and Wildlife Rescue and an animal control officer picked them up. When they got to the shelter, it was apparent that a close bond had already been formed between the dog and the orphaned kittens. The staff decided to name the kind dog Serenity in honor of her selfless act.“It's truly heartwarming!” a shelter spokesperson told The Dodo. "It had been a very cold night so these kittens would have had a very hard time surviving.”Aside from requiring treatment for worm and flea infections, the orphaned kittens are now safe. Just like a proud and doting mother, Serenity insisted on checking on her babies regularly to oversee their progress.The good news is that the kittens are now living with a foster family who will care for them until they are old enough to be adopted. Serenity, on the other hand, is still looking for a family.According to the shelter, she loves zooming around in the yard and is big on playing. She is also quite jumpy, so she would do best in a home without small children.4．What did the passer-by see on the road?A．A dog curled up in the snow.B．Five kittens were in the snow alone.C．A dog found a safe place to stay for theD．A dog was warming five kittens in the snow. night.5．What does the underlined word "she" in paragraph 3 refer to?A．The passer-by.B．The spokesperson.C．The kitten.D．The dog.6．Where is the dog Serenity now?A．Being adopted by a family.B．Living in the shelter.C．Staying with the kittens.D．Playing with some children.7．What can we draw from the story?A．Animals have the same capability with humans.B．A sad end can be turned into a positive one.C．Animals and humans should live in harmony.D．Animals can feel compassion and love like humans.health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men’s fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists’ lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men’s blood and fat tissue.Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they hadskipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.8．The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “______”.A．digest the meal easily B．manage without breakfastC．decide wisely what to eat D．eat whatever is offered9．Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment?A．Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.B．Their lack of exercise led to overweight.C．They could walk at an average speed.D．They had slow metabolic rates.10．What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise?A．They successfully lost weight.B．They consumed a bit more calories.C．They burned more fat on average.D．They displayed higher insulin levels. 11．What could be learned from the research?A．A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.B．Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.C．Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.D．Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）,put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.12．Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .A．run out of human controlB．satisfy human’s real desiresC．command armies of killer robotsD．work faster than a mathematician13．Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because theyA．prevent themselves from being destroyedB．achieve their original goals independentlyC．do anything successfully with given ordersD．beat humans in international chess matchesA．help super intelligent machines work betterB．be secure against evil human beingsC．keep machines from being harmedD．avoid robots’ affecting the world15．What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A．It will disappear with the development of AI.B．It will get worse with human interference.C．It will be solved but with difficulty.D．It will stay for a decade.二、七选五Babies’ Look ChangingResearchers show that the early social behavior called look changing is linked to babies’ ability to learn new language sounds. 16 . It is when a baby makes eye contact and then looks at the same object that the other person is looking at.Rechel Brooks, one of the researchers, made a report, showing that babies’ look changing serves as a building block（基础）for more complicated language and social skills.17 .In this experiment, nine 5-month-old babies from English-speaking families attended foreign language tutoring sessions. Over four weeks, the tutors talked and played with toys while speaking Spanish.At the beginning and end of the four-week period, researchers counted how often the babies changed their look. 18 . There they tested how much Spanish language sounds.19 . The more look changing the babies participate in during their tutoring sessions, the greater their brain response were to the Spanish language sounds.“Our findings show young babies’ social engagement contributes to their own language learning – they’re not just passive listeners of language,” Brooks said. “They’re paying attention and showing parents they’re ready to learn when they’re looking back and forth.”20 .The researchers hope their findings help people develop strategies for teaching young children.A．That’s when the most learning happensB．These skills are what preschool children can gainC．The results were really amazingD．We can’t imagine how look changing helps them learn so muchE．However, others may regard look changing as something uselessF．Look changing is one of the earliest social skills that babies showG．After the experiment ended, the researchers brought the babies back to the lab三、完形填空Christmas was near a season that we took seriously in our house. But a week or so before the 25th, my father would give each of his children ﹩20. This was the 1970s, and ﹩she left that I noticed at the foot of my bed an envelope thick with 30 ．She knew how 31 I needed it．She knew that had she just shown up with groceries，or offer to pay my rent, she would have made me feel much 32 ．The cold，hard cash meant she was helping me. And, funnily enough, the 33 with which she gave the gift felt like she was giving me space to 34 my life and preserve my dignity．My mother and father both did the same thing. One was giving me the means to take my own decisions，and the other was giving me a second 35 when those decisions had cost me dearly．21．A．positively B．differently C．naturally D．originally 22．A．intelligence B．passion C．power D．potential 23．A．courage B．suggestions C．discipline D．means 24．A．grown-up B．teenager C．adventurer D．pioneer 25．A．habit B．gift C．approach D．tradition 26．A．failed B．fooled C．dropped D．fell 27．A．important B．creative C．challenging D．previous 28．A．put on B．put away C．put off D．put forward 29．A．before B．after C．when D．as 30．A．credit B．loans C．receipts D．cash 31．A．desperately B．hardly C．eventually D．accurately 32．A．better B．more C．less D．worse 33．A．decoration B．love C．distance D．method 34．A．defend B．equip C．fix D．develop 35．A．solution B．chance C．visit D．assistance四、用单词的适当形式完成短文mother and child follow a healthy lifestyle, the risk of obesity 41 (reduce)even more, the study of more than 24,000 children found.The study examined the medical history and lifestyles of more than 24,000 children aged nine 42 fourteen, born to almost 17,000 women in the US. Researchers looked at the link between overall mother health and likelihood of a child 43 (be) obese.The mother's health was judged on her height-to-weight ratio(比例), her diet, amount of physical 44 (active), smoking status and how much alcohol she drank. A healthy weight and diet, regular exercise, no smoking and moderate drinking all reduce the chance of a woman having 45 obese child.五、其他应用文46．假定你是红星中学高(1)班的学生李华，你的英国笔友Chris刚刚转学到新学校，感到切都很陌生，他在邮件中向你询问如何尽快融入新环境。

山东省烟台市双语学校高中部2021-2022学年高三化学联考试卷含解析一、单选题（本大题共15个小题，每小题4分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，共60分。

）1. 常温下，在0.01 mol·L—1的H2SO4溶液中，由水电离出来的c(H+)是：A．5×10-13 mol·L—1； B．0.02 mol·L—1；C．1.00×10-7 mol·L—1； D．1.00×10-12 mol·L—1参考答案：A略2. 短周期元素甲、乙、丙、丁的原子序数依次增大，甲和丁的原子核外均有两个未成对电子，乙、丙、丁最高价氧化物对应的水化物两两之间能相互反应．下列说法错误的是（）A．元素丙的单质可用于冶炼金属B．甲与丁形成的分子中有非极性分子C．简单离子半径：丁＞乙＞丙D．甲与乙形成的化合物均有氧化性参考答案：D【考点】原子结构与元素周期律的关系．【分析】短周期元素甲、乙、丙、丁的原子序数依次增大，乙、丙、丁最高价氧化物对应的水化物两两之间能相互反应，应是氢氧化铝在与强碱、强酸的反应，故乙为Na、丙为Al，甲和丁的原子核外均有两个未成对电子，结合原子序数可知，甲外围电子排布为2s2sp2或2s22p4，甲为C或O，丁最高价含氧酸为强酸，外围电子排布为3s23p4，故丁为S元素，据此解答．【解答】解：短周期元素甲、乙、丙、丁的原子序数依次增大，乙、丙、丁最高价氧化物对应的水化物两两之间能相互反应，应是氢氧化铝在与强碱、强酸的反应，故乙为Na、丙为Al，甲和丁的原子核外均有两个未成对电子，结合原子序数可知，甲外围电子排布为2s2sp2或2s22p4，甲为C或O，丁最高价含氧酸为强酸，外围电子排布为3s23p4，故丁为S元素．A．Al与一些金属氧化物可以发生铝热反应，由于冶炼金属，故A正确；B．甲与丁形成的分子中CS2为直线型对称结构，三氧化硫为平面正三角形结构，均属于非极性分子，故B正确；C．电子层结构相同的离子，核电荷数越大离子半径越小，电子层越多离子半径越大，故离子半径：S2﹣＞Na+＞Al3+，故C正确；D．甲与乙形成的化合物有氧化钠、过氧化钠等，氧化钠氧化性很弱，通常条件下基本不表现氧化性，故D错误，故选D．3. 从樟科植物枝叶提取的精油中含有下列甲、乙、丙三种成分：下列说法正确的是（）A．丙中一定含有羧基B．甲不可以与HBr发生取代反应C．甲、乙、丙都能发生氧化反应D．可以用溴水检验乙中的碳碳双键参考答案：C【考点】有机物的结构和性质．【专题】有机物的化学性质及推断．【分析】甲中含有碳碳双键和醇羟基，乙中含有碳碳双键和醛基，丙能在稀硫酸中水解，说明丙中有碳碳不饱和键和酯基，则丙的结构简式为，结合烯烃、醇、醛、酯的性质来解答．【解答】解：A．由丙可水解可知，含﹣COOC﹣，故A错误；B．甲含碳碳双键，与HBr发生加成反应，故B错误；C．均含碳碳双键，可发生氧化反应，故C正确；D．乙中含有碳碳双键和醛基，均与溴水反应，则不能用溴水检验乙中的碳碳双键，故D错误；故选C．【点评】本题考查有机物的结构与性质，为高频考点，把握官能团与性质的关系为解答的关键，侧重分析与应用能力的考查，注意烯烃、酯、醛的性质，题目难度不大．4. 工业上利用氢气在氯气中燃烧，所得产物再溶于水的方法制得盐酸，流程复杂且造成能量浪费。