软组织肿瘤MRI诊断
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软组织肉瘤如何鉴别诊断?根据病史和临床表现,软组织肿瘤是不难与非肿瘤性肿块鉴别的,其诊断要点如下:(一)患者在几周或几个月的时间后才觉察到无痛性进行性增大的肿块,发热、体重下降及一般的不适等全身性症状则少见。
(二)临床上较少发生但很重要的肿瘤引起的综合征是低血糖症,常伴发于纤维肉瘤。
(三)X线摄片检查X线摄片有助于进一步了解软组织肿瘤的范围,透明度以及其与邻近骨质的关系。
如边界清晰,常提示为良性肿瘤;如边界清楚并见有钙化,则提示为高度恶性肉瘤,该情况多发生于滑膜肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤等。
(四)超声显像检查该法可检查肿瘤的体积范围、包膜边界和瘤体内部肿瘤组织的回声,从而区别良性还是恶性。
恶性者体大而边界不清,回声模糊,如横纹肌肉瘤、滑膜肌肉瘤、恶性纤维组织细胞瘤等。
超声检查还能引导作深部肿瘤的针刺吸取细胞学检查。
该检查方法确是一种经济、方便而又无损于人体的好方法。
(五)CT检查由于CT具有对软组织肿瘤的密度分辨力和空间分辨力的特点,用来诊断软组织肿瘤也是近年常用的一种方法。
(六))MRI检查用它诊断软组织肿瘤可以弥补X线CT的不足,它从纵切面把各种组织的层次同肿瘤的全部范围显示出来,对于腹膜后软组织肿瘤、盆腔向臀部或大腿根部伸展的肿瘤、腘窝部的肿瘤以及肿瘤对骨质或骨髓侵袭程度的图像更为清晰,是制订治疗计划的很好依据。
(七)病理学检查1.细胞学检查:是一种简单、快速、准确的病理学检查方法。
最适用于以下几种情况:①已破溃的软组织肿瘤,用涂片或刮片的采集方法取得细胞,镜检确诊;②软组织肉瘤引起的胸腹水,必须用刚取到的新鲜标本,立即离心沉淀浓集,然后涂片;③穿刺涂片检查适用于瘤体较大、较深而又拟作放疗或化疗的肿瘤,也适用于转移病灶及复发病灶。
2.钳取活检:软组织肿瘤已破溃,细胞学涂片又不能确诊时,可做钳取活检。
3.切取活检:多在手术中采取此法。
如较大的肢体肿瘤,需截肢时,在截肢前做切取活检,以便得到确切的病理诊断。
软组织透明细胞肉瘤MRI表现及文献复习一、背景介绍软组织透明细胞肉瘤(translucent cell sarcoma,TCS)是一种罕见的原发性恶性肿瘤,起源于软组织,以浆液样透明细胞为主要成分。
该病多发生于年轻人,容易复发和转移,预后较差。
MRI是临床诊断TCS的重要方法,本文主要介绍TCS在MRI表现以及文献复习。
二、MRI表现1.信号特点TCS在MRI上呈现不同信号的特点,T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈等或高信号,增强扫描呈显著强化。
2.病灶表现TCS病灶可部分或完全包膜。
病灶形态不规则,肿瘤内部可有破坏、坏死和出血区。
此外,病灶周围可有炎症反应和水肿表现。
3.分化和浸润TCS缺乏分化,且浸润性强,可侵犯周围软组织和静脉。
4.鉴别诊断TCS需与其他软组织肿瘤进行鉴别,如软骨肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤等。
与软骨肉瘤比较类似。
三、文献复习1.文献一某文献报道了一例经手术病理证实为TCS的患者,在MRI上显示病损区呈现等或稍低信号。
病变周围可有积液和微小卫星状病灶。
增强后呈显著强化,显示肿瘤具有浸润性。
2.文献二另一篇文献报道了16例TCS,MRI检查结果表明,病灶位置多为肢体、手掌、脚底等处,T1WI等或稍低信号,T2WI等或高信号,增强后呈现显著强化。
其中有7例病变周围可见卫星状小灶。
3.文献三还有一篇文献介绍了一例TCS患者,MRI表现为低信号、等信号、高信号交错出现,病变处可见到不规则强化,病灶内部有液化、囊变、出血等变化。
四、结论MRI可以帮助临床医生判断TCS的病情,确定肿瘤异常信号的性质,同时为病理学提供准确的参考。
上述文献报道表明MRI在TCS的诊断和鉴别诊断中具有较高的诊断精度和临床应用价值。
软组织滑膜肉瘤MRI、CT影像表现与鉴别诊断梁长华;毛华杰;陈阳阳;魏勇;陈杰;吴清武;杨瑞民【摘要】目的探讨软组织滑膜肉瘤的影像学特征.方法回顾性分析8例经手术病理检查证实的滑膜肉瘤患者的临床及影像学资料.结果滑膜肉瘤多表现为邻近关节的软组织肿块,肿瘤体积一般较大,呈团块状或分叶状,边界较为清楚.CT平扫可见肿瘤大部分密度与肌肉密度相似,其内可见范围不等的低密度区,2例伴钙化,主要位于肿块的周边.MRI T1WI上表现为不均匀等信号或稍高信号,在T2WI上表现为以高信号或稍高信号为主的混杂信号,4例肿块内可见低信号分隔;增强扫描大部分肿瘤呈明显不均匀强化.结论软组织滑膜肉瘤的影像学表现具有一定的特征性,CT和MRI综合检查结果有助于提高滑膜肉瘤的诊断准确性.%Objective To discuss the imaging features of synovial sarcoma of soft tissues . Methods 8 cases of synovial sarcoma of soft tissues proved by pathology were analyzed retrospectively . Results Most lesions tended to be large tumors and close to joints. They were relatively well defined in relation to surrounding tissues ,with rounded or lobulated margins. On CT imaging the lesions appeared as soft tissue mass similar to muscles in density with 2 cases demonstrating peripheral punctuate and mass calcification. OnT1WI, the lesions were usually heterogeneous with signal intensity similar to or slightly higher than that of muscles and on T2WI they presented prominent heterogeneity with predominantly high signal intensity ,with hypo-intense intervening septa in 4 cases. After contrast, most lesions demonstrated prominent heterogeneous enhancement . Conclusion Synovial sarcoma of soft tissues has some special imaging features .Comprehensive analysis of CT and MRI can improve its diagnostic accura -cy.【期刊名称】《实用癌症杂志》【年(卷),期】2013(028)003【总页数】4页(P285-287,294)【关键词】软组织;滑膜肉瘤;磁共振成像;体层摄影术;X线计算机【作者】梁长华;毛华杰;陈阳阳;魏勇;陈杰;吴清武;杨瑞民【作者单位】453100,新乡医学院第一附属医院;453100,新乡医学院第一附属医院;453100,新乡医学院第一附属医院;453100,新乡医学院第一附属医院;453100,新乡医学院第一附属医院;453100,新乡医学院第一附属医院;453100,新乡医学院第一附属医院【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R738.5滑膜肉瘤并非来自滑膜细胞,而是由未分化间叶细胞发生的具有滑膜分化特点的恶性肿瘤,占所有原发恶性软组织肿瘤的10%[1,2]。
定量动态增强MRI在软组织肿瘤诊断中的应用张雨1,季维娜1,安玉芬2,刘雅怡1,张晗1,郝大鹏1*1.青岛大学附属医院放射科,山东青岛266002;2.青岛大学附属医院病理科,山东青岛266002;*通讯作者郝大鹏 haodp__2009@16【基金项目】国家自然科学基金面上项目(81571673)【摘要】目的评估定量动态增强MRI(DCE-MRI)对软组织肿瘤良恶性的诊断价值。
资料与方法分析58例经病理证实的软组织肿瘤患者的DCE-MRI图像,其中良性24例、恶性34例。
选用3.0T磁共振3D VIBE序列。
根据病理诊断结果,将纳入的软组织肿瘤患者分为良性组与恶性组;以肿瘤同层面的正常肌肉组织为对照组。
定量分析使用双室模型,并获得容量转移常数(K trans)、速率常数(K ep)、血管外细胞外间隙容积分数(V e)。
分析定量参数K trans、K ep和V e在不同组间肿瘤组织与肌肉组织的差异;评估3种参数对肿瘤组织良恶性的诊断效能。
结果恶性组患者K trans及K ep均显著高于良性组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);V e亦高于良性组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
受试者工作特征曲线分析显示,K trans和K ep均具有鉴别肿瘤组织良恶性的效能,其中K trans的曲线下面积最大(0.852)。
良性组及恶性组肿瘤中,肿瘤组织K trans、K ep和V e与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001);肌肉组织与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
结论DCE-MRI的定量参数K trans、K ep具有区分良性和恶性软组织肿瘤的能力;V e用于诊断软组织肿瘤良恶性的价值有待进一步研究。
【关键词】软组织肿瘤;磁共振成像;图像增强;病理学,外科;诊断,鉴别【中图分类号】R738.6;R730.42 【DOI】10.3969/j.issn.1005-5185.2019.11.009Quantitative Dynamic Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosis of Soft Tissue TumorsZHANG Yu1, JI Weina1, AN Yufen2, LIU Yayi1, ZHANG Han1, HAO Dapeng1*Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266002, China; *Address Correspondence to: HAO Dapeng; E-mail: haodp__2009@【Abstract】Purpose To evaluate the value of the quantitative dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in diagnosis of benign and malignant soft tissue tumors. Materials and Methods DCE-MRI imaging of 58 patients with pathologically confirmed soft tissue tumors was analyzed, including 24 cases of benign tumors and 34 cases of malignant tumors. 3.0T MRI 3D volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination sequence was selected. Based on the pathological diagnosis results, the included patients with soft tissue tumors were divided into benign tumor group and malignant tumor group. The control group was the normal muscle tissue on the same layer of tumor. Quantitative analysis was conducted with the two-compartment model to obtain the volume transfer constant (K trans), rate constant (K ep) and extravascular extracellular volume fraction (V e). The difference of quantitative parameters of K trans, K ep and V e in tumor tissue and muscle tissue between different groups was analyzed; the diagnostic efficiency of the three parameters for benign and malignant tumor tissues was evaluated. Results The values of K trans and K ep were significantly higher in malignant tumors than in benign tumors and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001); the values of V e also were higher in malignant tumors than in benign tumors but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). ROC analysis results demonstrated the diagnostic ability of K trans and K ep to differentiate benign and malignant soft tissue tumors, K trans with the largest area under the curve (0.852). In tumors of the benign and malignant groups, the differences of K trans, K ep and V e of tumor tissue and their respective control groups were statistically significant (P<0.001). The differences between the muscle tissue and the control group was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion The quantitative parameters of DCE-MRI provide the ability to differentiate between benign and malignant soft tissue tumors. The value of V e in diagnosing benign and malignant soft tissue tumors needs further study.【Key words】Soft tissue neoplasms; Magnetic resonance imaging; Image enhancement; Pathology, surgical; Diagnosis, differential Chinese Journal of Medical Imaging, 2019, 27 (11): 834-838软组织肿瘤种类繁多,发病率较低,良性与恶性软组织肿瘤之间缺乏特征性的影像学表现[1-2]。