高考中译英状语从句翻译
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状语从句汉译英技巧1. 时间状语从句:-当……时:When we arrived, the party had already started.-一……就……:As soon as he heard the news, he rushed to the hospital.-在……之前:Before you go to bed, remember to turn off the lights.-在……之后:After he finished his homework, he went for a walk.2. 地点状语从句:-在……地方:Wherever you go, I will follow you.-到……地方:We will stay here until the rain stops.3. 原因状语从句:-因为:Because it was raining, we decided to stay indoors.-由于:Due to the bad weather, the flight was delayed.-既然:Since you are here, let's have dinner together.4. 条件状语从句:-如果:If you study hard, you will pass the exam.-假如:Suppose it rains tomorrow, what will you do?-只要:As long as you work hard, you will succeed.5. 方式状语从句:-以……方式:He explained the problem in a way that everyone could understand. -用……方法:She solved the puzzle by using logic and reasoning.。
英译汉翻译技巧9状语从句的翻译状语从句的翻译英语中状语从句用得比较多,位置也比较灵活。
根据汉语的特点,汉译时位置往往这样处理:比较和结果状语从句放在主句后面;方式状语从句可前可后;其他状语从句(时间、条件、原因、目的、结果或让步等)一般放在主句之前。
时间状语从句一、译成相应的时间分句1) From her second floor window she could see the postman when he came.邮差来时,她从三楼的窗口望出去就可以看见。
2) After what had happened he could not continue to work there.事情发生后,他无法在那里继续工作下去了。
二、译成并列分句1) She sobbed as she told us her miserable past.她一边向我们叙述她悲惨的过去,一边啜泣着。
2) While there is life,there is hope.留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。
三、译成“刚(一)·····就······”的句型1)Stormy applause broke forth the moment she appeared on the stage.她在台上一出现就响起了暴风雨般的掌声。
2)Scarcely had we gathered in the grain when it began to rain.我们刚把粮食收进来,就下雨了。
四、由until/till引导的从句译法1) I don't like meeting people until I have this dental work done.在我牙齿修补好之前,我不想会客。
分析:主句否定时,把until 当作 before来译。
翻译句型一, not … until… / Not until… / It was not until… that…1.)the meeting was almost over/was about to end did he show up.2.(prevent)Not until the beginning of the 20th century did people learn how to prevent the disease from spreading.3.(considerate)Not until then/that time did he realize/was he aware that his teacher was very considerate.( considerate 同义词4.可惜他们直到事故发生之后才采取措施防止它。
( take )It was a pity that they didn’t take any measures to prevent the accident until it happened/not until the accident happened did they take some measures to….5.直到上周末收到你的来信时我们才如释负重。
(relieve)Not until we heard from you last weekend were we relieved/did we feel relieved.二, The more… the more…1.你的词汇量越大,你就感到用英语写作越容易。
( it )The larger vocabulary you have/The larger your vocabulary is, the you’ll feel it to write in English.2.( It )3.问题发现得越早,解决起来越容易。
⾼考英语中译英150句(按句型分类)⼀.状语从句1.我正要从⽹上下载⾳乐,妈妈就进屋来了。
(when)2.知道⽣了病他才意识到均衡饮⾷的重要性。
(until)3.消防员⼀到现场就冲进了⽕场。
(as soon as)4.他第⼀次被授予冠军称号的时候⾮常激动。
(the first time)5.他⼀看见我就⾛上来祝贺我。
(the moment)6.下次碰到困难的时候,⼀定要先告诉我。
(next time)7.⼀旦你下定决⼼,⽆论遇到什么困难,你都不要放弃。
(once)8.除⾮有紧急情况,否则我不会请你来帮忙的。
(unless9.在⼝试中,⾯对两位⽼师,他紧张得⼀句话也讲不出来。
(so … that)10.虽然并不富裕,但是他对⾃⼰的⽣活相当满意。
(although)11.如果你意识到超重的危害性,你就不要吃含⼤量脂肪的⾷物。
(if)12.只要你提⾼效率,就有可能达到你要的效果。
(as long as)13.这个物品,虽然⼩,却被证实是很有⽤的。
(while)14.她发⾳进步很快,英语已读的⾮常漂亮。
(such … that)15.⽆论他们会碰到什么困难,他们都会互相帮助来克服它。
(whatever)16.⽆论我给他多少忠告,他还是⼀意孤⾏。
(no matter how)17.⽆论你冬天来还是夏天来,都会觉得这是个居住的理想之处。
(whether)18.尽管他⾝体不好,但并未放弃他的研究。
(as)19.既然你想要在这个寒假练钢琴并完成学校作业,那你就要充分利⽤时间。
(now that)20.⽐赛已经开始数分钟,但那个选⼿仍⼀动不动。
(since)21.尽早选定旅游地,以防订不到机票。
(in case)22.你越努⼒,取得的进步就越⼤。
(the… the)23.他牺牲在他曾经为⾃由⽽战的地⽅。
(where)24.这个实验的结果被证明⽐我们预料的好得多。
(than)25.⽆论你买什么样的保险,都要本⼈签署。
1.There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive,however lucky and robust we are。
[参考译文] 不管我们多么幸运,多么健壮,我们所希望的长寿年龄实际上是有限度的。
[结构分析] 该句分为两部分:(There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, ) (however lucky and robust we are。
),第一部分是主句,第二部分是however引导的让步状语从句;主句中on…alive是介词短语,作limit的后置定语,how引导的从句是介词on的宾语,该从句的主语是we,谓语是can hope to remain,表语是alive;让步状语从句的主语是we,谓语是are,表语是lucky and robust。
这句话翻译时也要将从句提前,然后再译主句。
[知识链接] virtual实际的;remain保持;a limit on…对……有限制;alive活着的;lucky幸运的;robust健壮的。
2. While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role, informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development。
[参考译文] 尽管正式的学习过程是由挑选出来担当此角色的教师来进行的,非正式的学习过程却是作为孩子成长的自然一部分而完成的。
[结构分析] 该句可拆分为两部分,(While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role,) (informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development. ),第一部分是While引导的让步状语从句,第二部分是主句;从句中,formal learning是主语,谓语是is transmitted,过去分词selected 作teachers的后置定语,是不定式to perform this role作selected的目的状语;主句中,informal learning是主语,谓语是is acquired,介词短语as a natural part of a child's development作acquired的结果状语。
词汇语法——状语从句状语从句时间地点原因条件目的让步比较方式结果一、讲解状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。
例如:1. Naturally, our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call.(副词)2. We worked hard, from sunrise to sunset.(介词状短语)3. To help my disabled aunt, I spend an hour working in her house every day.(不定式)4. Seen from a distance, the farmhouse looked deserted.(过去分词)5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before.(原因状语从句)二、从句分类讲解1.时间状语从句常用引导词:when(在…时),as(当…时), while (在…期间),as soon as(一……就……), before(在…之前),after(在...之后), since (自从...以来),not...until(直到…才),until/ till(直到…时)等特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant(瞬间,顷刻), immediately , directly(不久,立即), no sooner … than(一...就...), hardly …when(刚一...就...), scarcely … when(刚...就.../一...就...)当用no sooner … than,hardly …when,scarcely … when作为引导词的时候,从句要部分倒装。
目的状语从句他们低声说话,以防被人听见。
They spoke in whispers lest they should be heard.我将一整天待在旅馆里以防有Mary的消息。
I shall stay in the hotel all day in case there is news of Mary.我们做了这样的安排,以便我们总有一个人在值班。
We have so arranged matters that one of us is always on duty.结果状语从句那么多人来听音乐会,以致有些人没法进来。
So many people came to the concert that some could n’t get in.她很聪明,否则我早就瞧不起她了。
She had intellect, otherwise I would have scorned her.把这喝掉,否则你会生病。
Drink this, else you will be sick.条件状语从句如果我没有加入这个学习小组,我就不会把这件事做成。
I wouldn’t have been able to make it through, if I were out of this study group. 除非我们有一份刊物,否则我们不能发挥我们的影响力。
We can’t exercise our influence unless we have an organ.设想你有一百万英镑,你会怎么花呢?Suppose you had a million pounds, how would you spend it?只要你答应十一点钟前回来,你可以出去。
You can go out, as long as you promise to be back before 11 o’clock.If引导的条件状语从句的倒装:如果不是他们帮忙,我们会陷入严重的困境。
原因状语从句I.because1.因为他诚实,所以他的朋友喜欢他。
2.他的朋友喜欢他是因为他诚实。
II.now that1.既然大家都到了,我们可以开始讨论了。
2.既然你已经康复了,你就可以回去工作了。
.条件状语从句I.if,unless1.如果我回去晚了,妈妈会生气的。
2.如果你愿意,你可以试一试。
3.除非明天下雨,不然我是要去的。
4.除非我们现在出发,不然我们就迟到了。
II.so long as1.只要你不离开河岸太远,你可以去游泳。
2.只要你答应不去赌博(go gambling),我就同意把钱借给你。
3.只要你保持安静,你可以留在此地。
让步状语从句I.even if,even though1.即使你付钱给我,我也不愿做着事。
II.whether or not,whether…or…(not)1.不管这是否是最好得计划,他们都必须执行。
2.不管你是否愿意,你必须把它做好。
IV.wh-ever, no matter wh-1.不论怎么做,这件事都将是错误的。
2.不管他是谁,不要给他开门。
3.无论你做什么,你必须尽力而为。
5. 无论发生什么事,不要改变主意。
6. 不管工作有多么困难,我们必须按时完成。
V .though\although1.他虽然很累,但很开心,2.他虽然很穷,但乐于助人。
目的状语从句I . so that (will,shall,may,can)1.他把我的鞋拿走了,这样我就不能离开屋子了。
2.我给他一把钥匙,以便他可以随时进入房间。
3.他起得很早,为的是能赶上头班汽车。
结果状语从句II.so…that, such…that, so that1.他非常生气,以至于说不出话来。
2.他太激动了,结果无法入睡。
3.他讲得很清楚,所以人人都能听得懂。
4.他是一个自私的人,所以没人愿意与他为友。
地点状语从句1.我住的地方有很多商店。
2.没有水的地方就没有农事(farming)。
3.把药放在你能容易拿得到的地方。
状语从句的翻译英语中的状语从句种类繁多,用法复杂,可以用来表示时间、地点、条件、目的、结果、原因、让步、方式、比较等意义。
由于英汉两种语言在表达习惯上的不同,在状语从句的安排上存在着明显的差异。
英语中的状语从句多用在主句后面,而汉语中则习惯于将状语从句放在主句之前,因此在翻译成汉语时一般将状语从句置于主句前面。
当然,对于不同的状语从句,在翻译时也需要根据汉语习惯来灵活翻译。
下面将具体介绍各种状语从句的翻译方法。
一、时间状语从句在英语中,时间状语从句的连接词有:when(当……的时候),whenever(每当……),as(当……时),since(自从……),until(直到……,如果不……),till(直到……),before(在……前),after(在……后),as soon as(一……就……),once(一旦……),the moment(一……就……),immediately(一……就……),no sooner… than(一……就……),hardly/scarcely… when(一……就……),the instant(一……就……),instantly(一……就……),the minute(一……就……),the second(一……就……),every time(每当……),by the time(等到……的时候)等。
在翻译成汉语时,一般应将这些连接词引导的状语从句置于主句前面。
1)译成相应的表示时间的状语。
①与原句顺序一致。
例如:After he had worked in the factory for ten years, he decided to go abroad.在这家工厂工作了十年之后,他决定出国。
While Jack was reading, Jim was writing.杰克阅读的时候,吉姆在写东西。
②后置改前置。
例如:Please turn off the light when you leave the room.离屋时请关灯。
1. 为了不惊醒她,他轻轻推开房门,悄悄地溜了出去。
(for fear that)【答案】He pushed open the door gently and stole out of the room for fear that he should awake her.【解析】这里考查的由for fear that引导的目的状语从句;“悄悄地溜了出去”翻译为stole out of the room极为生动形象。
2. 我不需要买新车,我的那辆旧车还很好。
(condition)【答案】I don’t need to / needn’t buy a new car as my old one is still in good condition.【解析】这里考查的由as引导的原因状语从句;“状况良好”可翻译为be in good condition。
3. 在你生命中,如果有一个人你需要对他说对不起,那就去向他道歉吧。
(apology)【答案】If there is someone in your life to whom you need to say sorry go ahead and make an apology.【解析】这里考查的由if引导的条件状语从句;“对…说对不起”,我们用say sorry to sb.“向…道歉”make an apology to sb.。
4. 这小孩太调皮了,使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心烦意乱。
(So…)【答案】So naughty is the child that he often upsets his parents who are busy with their work.【解析】这里考查的是so…that引导的结果状语从句,千万要注意,so位于句首要用不完全倒装形式。
5. 自从出国留学后,她就不再和我们保持联系了。
(No longer)【答案】No longer has she kept in touch with us since she went abroad for further study / education.【解析】这里考查的是since引导的时间状语从句;与……保持联系keep in touch with;注意no longer位于句首,主句要使用部分倒装结构。
6. 申请材料需精心准备,这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面、准确的了解。
(in order that)【答案】The application should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overalland accurate knowledge of your abilities.【解析】这里考查的是in order that引导的目的状语从句;“对……有了解”have a knowledge of。
7. 尽管山高林密,医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点,试试救援。
(despite)【答案】Despite the high mountains and thick forests the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident for the rescue/to carry out the rescue.【解析】这里考查了由despite引导的让步状语从句,同义词组还有in spite of 二者用法基本相同,后面都接名词性成分,如名词、动名词、名词性从句等。
再看一例:尽管他很快恢复了健康,医生还是建议他不要熬夜太晚。
(despite)(杨浦区2015学年度第一学期高三“3+1”质量调研)Despite his rapid recovery from illness the doctor still suggested that he shouldn’t stay up too late.8. 假如你想从事这项工作,你必须先接受三个月的训练。
(take up )【答案】If you want to take up this jobyou should first be trained for three months.【解析】这里考查了由if引导的条件状语从句,注意在if引导的真实条件句中,从句用一般现在时态,主句多用一般将来时态;注意词组“从事某项工作”用词组take up。
再看一道真题:如果方便的话,请帮我从邮局取回包裹。
(convenient)(2002上海高考)If it is convenient please fetch me the parcel from the post office / please go to the post office and fetch me the parcel.9. 我们一致同意一旦得出调查结论,就尽早让公众知晓。
(once)【答案】We all agree that once the conclusion of the investigation is drawn it will be make down to thepublic as soon as possible.【解析】本题考查once引导的时间状语从句。
Once翻译为“一旦”时,用作连词,引导时间状语从句,也可理解为条件状语从句. 注意词组“得出结论”draw a/the conclusion; “让公众知晓”make down to the public. 再看一个例子:你一旦养成了坏习惯,改掉它是很难的。
(once)(2000上海高考)Once you form/get into a bad habitit’s very difficult to get rid of /get out of it.10. 她一看完那个关于已灭绝物种的电视节目,就立志加入野生动物保护组织. (No sooner)【答案】No sooner had she watched the TV program on the extinct species than she made up her mind to join the wildlife protection organization.【解析】这里考察no sooner……than……句型,意为“一……就……”。
一定要注意no sooner位于句首时,引导的时间状语从句要用部分倒装结构,而than后面的主句用正常语序。
另外,时态方面,no sooner引导的从句常用过去完成时态,than引导的主句常用一般过去时态。
类似句型还有hardly……when……用法也基本相同。
我们再来看一例:我刚到公共汽车站,汽车就开了。
No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.Hardly had I got to the bus stop when the bus started.11. 尽管时光荏苒,但和同学们一起为进入理想大学而苦读书的日子仍然是他难忘的记忆。
(admit)【答案】Although time flies the days when he worked hard with his classmates to be admitted into their ideal universities are still his unforgettable memory.【解析】这里考查的由although引导的让步状语从句;进入理想大学 be admitted into their ideal universities。
12. 在线预订出租车虽然很时尚,但许多相关问题尚待解决。
(as)【答案】Fashionable as booking a taxi online is many related problems remain to be settled/ solved.【解析】这里考查的由as引导的让步状语从句,这是高考中的一大难点,因为as引导让步状语时需要倒装;问题尚待解决 problems remain to be settled/ solved。
13. 当我在非洲做志愿者工作时,我的亲朋好友都盼望我早日平安归来。
(anxious)【答案】When I worked as a volunteer in Africa my relatives and friends were anxious for my safe return soon.【解析】这里考查的由when引导的时间状语从句;平安归来 safe return。
14. 只要你尽力了,就没道理为成功或失败而苦恼。
(no sense)【答案】As long as/ if you have done/tried your best there is no sense being/ getting upset/worried/bothered about failure or success.【解析】这里考查的由as long as/if引导的条件状语从句;没道理做某事 there is no sense doing sth。
15. 如果不能独立找出提高学习效率的方法,你就很难取得令人满意的成绩。
(unless)【答案】It is very difficult for you to gain satisfactory achievements unless you find out the method of improving the learning efficiency by yourself / on your own.【解析】这里考查的由unless引导的条件状语从句;取得令人满意的成绩 gain satisfactory achievements;独立 on your own。
16. 千万别卷入那件事,否则你将自寻麻烦。
(involve)【答案】Be sure not to get involved in that matter otherwise you will invite trouble.【解析】这里考查的由otherwise引导的条件状语从句;卷入 get involved in;自寻麻烦invite trouble。
17. 如果我们把英语学习看成是了解文化的一种方式,而不是一门考试学科,我们也许就会体会到其中的学习乐趣。
(regard)【答案】If we regard English learning as a means/way of understanding/ knowing / being aware of a culture but not a course / subject to be tested on/an examination subject/course (then) we may experience/ understand the learning fun in it.【解析】这里考查的由if引导的条件状语从句;“什么样的方式”,我们用“a way of doing...”。