11章 状语从句的翻译
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状语从句包括时间状语从句,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句,让步状语从句,目的状语从句,结果状语从句,方式状语从句,比较状语从句等。
状语从句的翻译应注意以下几点:
1. 语序处理
在多数情况下,翻译状语从句,仍然可以遵循原文的语序。
例如:
1)When the book finally on sale at 12:01 a.m. Saturday, thousands of children in Britain and North America rushed to claim their copies.
当这本书终于在星期六12:01面市时,在英国和北美,成千上万的孩子争相购买。
但是,有时候,翻译状语从句,可以将其位置前移。
例如:
1)These cases do not indicate what would happen if these identical individuals were raised separately.
这些例子并不能说明,如果把这些同卵双胞胎分开抚养会发生什么情况。
2. 转换译法
还有一些情况下,根据上下文的需要,在翻译某种状语从句时要将它译成其他类型的状语从句,使译文更符合汉语习惯。
例如:
1)We can't start the job until we have the approval from the authority concerned.
如果没有相关当局的批准,我们就不能开始这项工作。
2)Skill and patience will success where force fails.
在蛮力做不到的时候,技巧和耐心往往会使得人成功的。
1.There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive,however lucky and robust we are。
[参考译文] 不管我们多么幸运,多么健壮,我们所希望的长寿年龄实际上是有限度的。
[结构分析] 该句分为两部分:(There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, ) (however lucky and robust we are。
),第一部分是主句,第二部分是however引导的让步状语从句;主句中on…alive是介词短语,作limit的后置定语,how引导的从句是介词on的宾语,该从句的主语是we,谓语是can hope to remain,表语是alive;让步状语从句的主语是we,谓语是are,表语是lucky and robust。
这句话翻译时也要将从句提前,然后再译主句。
[知识链接] virtual实际的;remain保持;a limit on…对……有限制;alive活着的;lucky幸运的;robust健壮的。
2. While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role, informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development。
[参考译文] 尽管正式的学习过程是由挑选出来担当此角色的教师来进行的,非正式的学习过程却是作为孩子成长的自然一部分而完成的。
[结构分析] 该句可拆分为两部分,(While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role,) (informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development. ),第一部分是While引导的让步状语从句,第二部分是主句;从句中,formal learning是主语,谓语是is transmitted,过去分词selected 作teachers的后置定语,是不定式to perform this role作selected的目的状语;主句中,informal learning是主语,谓语是is acquired,介词短语as a natural part of a child's development作acquired的结果状语。
状语从句的译法1时间状语的翻译消费者购买商品实质上是在给不同的企业和产品投票Customers actually vote for products and companies when they make a purchase.我方建议这批货从总价中削减50%,相信你方会认为这样对我方是公平的I’m sure you will think it fair on our part when we suggest that the total value of the parcel should be reduced by 50%.2 原因状语从句的翻译The country’s economy has emerged from recession because the government adopted some flexible policies.因为政府采取了一些灵活措施,所以该国的经济已经开始复苏。
Because the winter is coming, many fashion stores start to sell warm clothes.因为冬天即将来临,所以时装店开始销售卸寒衣服了。
3让步状语从句Although we’ve raised our market share by 5%, the competition remains fierce.虽然我们的市场份额提高了5%,但目前的竞争依然激烈。
4目的状语从句To reduce loss and increase overall profits, the CEO told his product managers to get rid of all the dogs.为了减亏损,全面增加利润,公司的首席执行官告诉产品部的经理们销毁所有的次品。
5条件状语从句So if you should reduce your price by, say 5%, we might come to terms.要是你们答应降价,比如5%,我们达成协议。
状语从句的译法英语状语从句包括表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的等等各种从句。
我们已经谈到英语状语从句的一些译法。
现在就一些比较常见的处理办法再进一步说明如下:一、表时间的状语从句1.译成相应的表示时间的状语1) While she spoke, the tears were running down.她说话时,眼泪直流。
2) When the history of the Nixon Administration is finally written, the chances are that Chinese policy will stand out as a model of common sense and good diplomacy.当最后撰写尼克松政府的历史时,谈到对华政策可能成为懂得常识和处理外交的楷模。
以上两例译文中表示时间的状语置于句首,与原文一致。
3) Please turn off the light when you leave the room.离屋时请关电灯。
上句原文中表示时间的从句后置,译文中前置。
2.译成“刚〔一〕……就……〞的句式1) He had hardly rushed into the room when he shouted, “Fire! Fire!〞他刚跑进屋就大声喊:“着火了!着火了!〞2) Hardly had we arrived when it began to rain.我们刚一到就下雨了。
3) When I reached the beach, I collapsed.我一游到海滩,就昏倒了。
4) He had scarcely handed me the letter when he asked me to read it.他把信一交给我,就叫我念给他听。
3.译成并列的分句1) He shouted as he ran.他一边跑,一边喊。