最新版测试报译林牛津必修5Unit2背景素材背景文字Tea in Britain

中国环境污染问题日益严峻
中新社五月二十四日电流经城市的河流百分之九十的河段都受到比较严重的污染，全国百分之七十五的湖泊出现了负营养化的问题……中国环境污染问题日益严峻。

这是国家环保总局科技司副司长罗毅今日在第八届科博会中国循环经济发展高峰会上透露的。

据罗毅介绍，当前中国每年沿海地区的赤潮发生次数比上世纪八十年代超过了三倍以上，酸雨的影响面积已占到国土面积的三分之一，城市的噪音扰民问题严重，全国水土流失面积达到三百五十六万平方公里，森林资源总量不足，生态系统退化。

此外，发达国家上百年中分阶段出现的环境问题，例如水体的黑臭、工业的污染等问题，目前在中国集中在二十多年内。

上世纪九十年代中期，中国经济增长有三分之二是在透支生态环境的基础上实现的，二00三年环境污染和生态破坏造成的损失已经占到GDP的百分之十五左右。

罗毅说，在未来一个时期，中国的经济将处于一个正工业化发展和大众消费时代，对于物质产品和资源的消费量将会高速增长。

根据中国现代化建设三步走的目标，二0二0年全国人口到十四点六亿，经济总量将翻两番，按照目前传统的发展模式以及污染控制的水平，中国的污染负荷要比现在增加五到六倍，要维持现有的环境状况，单位GDP的环境负荷必须下降百分之七十二，中国环境保护工作正面临着更加严峻的挑战。

罗毅指出，当前必须在不断减少单位产出资源消耗的基础上，最大限度的推进资源的循环利用，最大限度的降低污染排放；必须通过制度创新、综合运用法律和行政手段，与市场结合，建立资源节约型、环境友好型的城市。

Unit 2 The environment第一部分：英语知识运用第一节：单项填空1. —What do you think of his story in the jungle(丛林)?—_____ , I can’t believe it.A. AttractiveB. ObviousC. CheerfulD. Ridiculous2. It is reported that _____ 3 percent _____ was the government’s a im.A. 不填; economic growthB. a; economy growthC. the; economical growthD. a; economic growth3. Please don’t speak at one time. George may take the ____ after the two women each say a few words.A. floorB. chanceC. voiceD. speech4. The government has announced plans to cut back _____ defence spending ____ 10% next year.A. upon; toB. on; byC. of; byD. for; to5. _____ the right decisions _____ the future is probably the most important thing we’ll ever do in our lives.A. Making; concernedB. Make; concerningC. To make; concernedD. Making; concerning6. I want to _____ voice to what we all feel in wishing the teacher a quick recovery.A. makeB. sendC. giveD. take7. According to the Indonesia government, by May 30, 2006, the total deaths of the earthquake _____ to 170.A. has comeB. increasedC. had raisedD. had climbed8. You are all new comers here. Try not to make _____ to strangers.A．ways B．connection C．means D．approaches9. —Can you help me with the maths homework ,mom?—You can’t always _____ other’s help for your homework. Do it by yourself this time, Dear.A. wait onB. rely onC. insist onD. turn on10. Much new and high technology has been introduced from America, _____ great increase in production of the company.A. resulting inB. resulted inC. leads toD. having led to11. The test we held last time is obviously bad because it ____ lack of many students’self-confidence.A. relies uponB. leads toC. refers toD. depends on12. I would appreciate ______, to be frank, if the goods could be delivered as soon as possible. A．you B．this C．it D．myself13. —What do you suggest?—My suggestion is that Andrew _____ abroad and he stay here until the project completes.A. sendB. should not sendC. be sentD. not be sent14. ____ the floor, I found his pen lying on the ground.A. While sweepingB. While sweptC. If sweepingD. If swept15. —Have we ____ water?—Yes,_____. We’d better get some.A. run out of; we have run it outB. run out of; our water has run outC. run out of; our water has been run outD. run out; our water has run out第二节：完形填空Do fight against painting pollutionDo you know what kind of things the young people are reading? More and more 16 and teachers have noticed another kind of pollution, which comes from the printed papers 17 on streets.These printed things 18 newspapers but have hardly anything to do with 19 . You can only find reading materials badly made up there—some are too strange for anyone to 20 ; others are frightening stories of something 21 . However, many of the young readers are getting interested in such 22 reading, which 23 them what they should pay for their breakfast and brings them nightmares and immoral ideas in 24 . Homework is left 25 and daily games lost.These sellers stand about on streets selling their papers well. The writers, publishers and printers, 26 they are, we never know, are 27 their silent money.The sheep-skinned wolf’s story seems to have been forgotten once again. Why not 28 this kind of thing? Yes, both teachers and parents have asked each other for more strict control of the young readers. 29 , the more you want to forbid it, the more they want to have a look at it. 30 you may even find several children, driven by their curious natures, 31 one patched paper, which has traveled from hand to hand.It really does 32 to our society. It has already formed a sort of moral pollution. The 33 teachers and parents need more powerful support in their protection of the young generation. At the same time, the young 34 need more interesting books to help them 35 those ugly paper.16. A. writers B. readers C. students D. parents17. A. sold B. printed C. put D. found18. A. work out B. look like C. act as D. depend on19. A. them B. children C. young people D. it20. A. think B. believe C. know D. understand21. A. still worse B. even better C. very good D. more important22. A. wonderful B. interesting C. useful D. poisonous23. A. spends B. costs C. pays D. takes24. A. sight B. common C. return D. use25. A. unknown B. much C. less D. undone26. A. what B. whoever C. whatever D. who27. A. making B. spending C. wasting D. using28. A. forbid B. separate C. leave D. stop29. A. Luckily B. Unfortunately C. Badly D. Happily30. A. Always B. Hardly C. Sometimes D. Seldom31. A. sharing B. getting C. holding D. taking32. A. good B. favor C. wrong D. harm33. A. puzzled B. surprised C. disappointed D. worried34. A. teachers B. parents C. readers D. writers35. A. come into B. break down C. get rid of D. get off第二部分：阅读理解A ★Trees are useful to man in three very important ways: they provide him with wood and other products, they give him shade, and they help to prevent drought and floods.Unfortunately, in many parts of the world man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important. In his eagerness to draw quick profit from the trees, he has cut them down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had.Two thousand years ago a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships, with which to gain itself an empire. It gained the empire but, without its trees, its soil became hard and poor. When the empire fell to pieces, the country found itself faced by floods and starvation.Even though a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees, it is difficult for it to persuade the villager to see this. The villager wants wood to cook his food with, and he can earn money by making charcoal(木炭) or selling wood to the townsman（城市居民）. He is usually too lazy or too careless to plant and look after trees. So unless the government has a good system of control, or can educate the people, the forests will slowly disappear.This does not only mean th at the villager’s sons and grandsons have fewer trees. The results are even more serious. For where there are trees their roots break the soil up—allowing the rain to sink in and also hold the soil, thus preventing it being washed away easily, but where there are no trees, the soil becomes hard and poor. The rain falls on hard ground and flows away on the surface, causing floods and carrying away with it the rich topsoil, in which crops grow so well. When all the topsoil is gone, nothing remains but a worthless desert.36. The purpose that the writer wrote this article is to ______.A. tell people the use of woodB. tell people the function of tree rootsC. warn that man mustn’t destroy forests any moreD. explain how trees help to prevent drought and floods37. In the writer’s opinion,_____, or the forests will slowly disappear.A. measures must be takenB. people shouldn’t draw benefit from the treeC. government must realize the serious resultsD. unless trees never be cut down38. According to the article we know it is _____ to prevent the forests from slowly disappearing.A. necessary but impossibleB. necessary but difficultC. impossible and unimportantD. difficult and impossible39. In the last two paragraphs the writer wanted to make it clear that____.A. where there are no trees, the soil becomes poor but softB. where there are many trees, there are more floodsC. where there are no trees, the land might become desert slowlyD. floods will make the land become desertB ★★When the famous dancer Fred Astaire was interviewed for a job by a Hollywood producer, the movie “expert” turned him down, saying, “Can’t sing. Can’t act. Dances a little.” Here’s another stupid mistake. When the great scientist Albert Einstein was at school, his teachers considered him rather dull. And a final story, the famous Polish pianist Paderewski was told by a teacher that he’d never be a success as a performer because the middle finger on each hand was。

环保意识新世纪教师的必备素质伴随着人类进入21世纪，环境恶化问题这个现代化进程中的幽灵，已成为人类发展的最大障碍。

水资源的严重枯竭、土壤沙漠化程度的加深，沙尘暴的频繁肆虐，向大气中过度排放有害气体而引起的温室效应，其他如臭氧层空洞的扩大、旱涝灾害的日益加剧、生物物种的迅速减少……这些如影随形的恶魔已严重威胁着全人类的生存，我们的惟一家园——地球将要毁灭在自己手里！但是全人类的生态环境保护意识却是相当淡薄：一次性筷子和饭盒仍大行其道，铺天盖地的白色污染有增无减，水电资源的浪费触目惊心，更不用说滚滚的黑烟遮蔽了蓝天，含有多种有害物质的工业废水污染了有限的可饮用水源……已经相当脆弱的生态环境频频告急，但我们却孰视无睹！人类的大多数还没有意识到生态环境保护的紧迫性和重要性，环保教育迫在眉睫！如何解决环境污染问题，培养每一个人的环境保护意识已经成为新世纪教育的重要组成部分，环保教育要从孩子抓起，从课堂抓起。

这无疑是新世纪教师责无旁贷的神圣使命和责任，环保意识和知识自然应成为21世纪教师的必备素质。

中国古人说过：“天下兴亡，匹夫有责。

”那时的天下仅仅局限于本国和本民族，而今的天下显然不能与过去同日而语。

环境危机已经涉及到地球上生存的每一个生命个体，环境保护问题已同每个国家、每个民族的命运息息相关，成为无法回避的问题。

新世纪的教师就需要站在全人类生存和发展的高度，树立环保意识，做一名维护人类社会健康和可持续发展的环保卫士和坚定的环保教育工作者。

教师不仅自身要积极参与到环境保护中去，更要用切实的行动、科学的理论潜移默化地影响、指导、教育学生提高环保意识。

通过环保意识教育，能够使学生从小认识到环保问题是关系地球和全人类生死存亡的严重问题，从而使学生能自觉地把自身个体与整个世界紧密联系起来，树立全球意识和全球观念。

这种意识更使学生认识到人的最高价值是对人类共同利益作出贡献，为全人类的根本利益而奋斗是崇高的使命，学会自觉地关爱身边的环境，关爱我们共同的家园。

九成汽车“毒气”超标环境污染直接致病九成汽车“毒气”超标中国室内装饰协会室内空气监测中心近期对200辆汽车进行了检测，结果发现，若参照室内空气质量标准，有近九成的汽车都存在车内空气甲醛或苯含量超标问题，而且大部分车辆甲醛超标都在五六倍以上，其中新车车内的空气质量最差。

国外一项研究测试发现，新车出厂后，车内有害气体浓度很高，挥发时间可持续6个月以上，从而使在此间开车的驾驶员身体不适，甚至酿成车祸。

根据上述调查结果，室内环境监测中心发布了今年第一号室内环境消费警示：警惕新车内空气污染。

环境污染直接致病据中国装饰协会室内空气监测中心宋广生主任介绍，车内空气超标甲醛多是来自座椅沙发垫、车顶装饰等装饰材料，而苯则来自胶粘剂。

此外，发动机产生的一氧化碳、汽油味，车用空调蒸发器长时间不清洗护理所产生的胺、烟碱等有害物质弥漫在车内狭小的空间里，也导致车内空气质量差。

这些有害物质有的可能致癌，有的则可能会对神经系统、免疫系统、内分泌系统以及生殖系统产生影响。

特别是开空调的时候车窗紧闭，空气不能及时流通。

大约有65％的司机驾车时会出现头晕、困倦、咳嗽等现象，导致司机感到压抑、烦躁、注意力无法集中，甚至导致交通事故的发生。

这些症状统称为驾车综合症。

最值得注意的是，由驾车综合症所引发的交通事故远比长时间疲劳驾驶、酒后驾驶引发的事故率要高得多。

车内环境亟待关注与汽车尾气造成的大气环境污染相比，汽车内部环境污染对人体健康危害更具有特殊性。

据法律界人士介绍，因汽车内环境造成驾驶者或乘客生命危险的案例时有发生，并且这类型的案例数目呈上升趋势。

而目前，汽车空气质量检测的相关标准还没有，车内环境在法律上存在空缺，律师在辩护时无法可依。

个别企业粽子产品掺加化工原料新华社北京5月28日专电(记者黄全权)端午节将至，购买成品粽子成为很多家庭的选择。

但国家质检总局提供的一份专项抽查结果表明，粽子产品的质量并不容乐观，其中部分产品存在较为严重的问题。

为保障消费安全，国家质检总局日前组织16家国家级食品质检中心对粽子产品进行了产品质量国家监督专项抽查，抽查范围涉及北京、天津、辽宁等14个省、自治区、直辖市，共抽查了152家企业生产的256种粽子产品，产品抽样合格率为85.5%。

抽查发现，大型企业、品牌知名度高的企业生产的产品总体质量状况较好，但与此同时，有10家企业生产15种产品粽叶中铜的测定不合格；有13家企业生产的17种产品中大肠菌群不合格。

其中，大肠菌群检测值最高为24000MPN/100g，超过标准限定值的100多倍。

个别样品在抽查中被检出掺加了硼砂，粽叶经硫酸铜等浸泡过。

据了解，硼砂是一种化工原料，多在陶瓷、玻璃等产品的制造中使用，但不得在食品中使用。

在粽子中掺加硼砂，可以延长粽子的保质期，增加黏度，还不粘粽叶。

硫酸铜则广泛用于染料、农药等行业。

用硫酸铜等浸泡粽叶，会使已经失去原色的粽叶返青，表面变得光鲜。

北京东颐食品厂、大连三叶食品有限公司、长春市力通速冻食品有限公司、合肥皖毛毛速冻食品有限公司、福州鑫兴源食品开发公司、米泉市迪迪食业有限责任公司(新疆)、新疆聚佳科技发展有限公司、乌鲁木齐鼎泰丰食品有限公司等8家企业的产品在抽查中被检出严重问题，其中福州鑫兴源食品开发公司的两种产品被检出硼砂。

质检部门目前已对存在严重问题的8家企业依法查处，对粽子中掺有硼砂或粽叶经硫酸铜等浸泡的生产企业紧急查封，对尚未售出的产品监督销毁，对已售出的产品要求企业收回，并追根溯源查清原料来源、查清不合格产品的流向。

按照国家质检总局的统一部署，目前各地质检部门正组织对质量不稳定的粽子生产小型企业、小作坊进行重点检查。

绿色GDP，一个更接近幸福的指标环境污染影响着经济发展和经济健康国家环保总局副局长、新闻发言人潘岳近日宣布，中国绿色GDP核算体系框架已初步建立，有关部门将在中国六个大区各选择一个省，进行绿色GDP试点，争取今年底推出阶段性成果，为中国早日全面实施绿色GDP核算提供经验GDP的代价GDP代表着目前世界通行的国民经济核算体系。

而环境和生态是一个国家综合经济的一部分，由于没有将环境和生态因素纳入其中，GDP核算法就不能全面反映国家的真实经济情况。

人们渴望国家经济快速发展，生活富裕，在很多人看来GDP即国内生产总值越高，给社会带来的收益就越大。

其实不然，国家环保总局副局长潘岳说，发生了洪灾，就要修堤坝，这就造成投资的增加和堤坝修建人员收入的增加，GDP 数据也随之增加；环境污染导致病人增多，医疗产业便随之发展，GDP也跟着大发展。

“由于前一时期过分着重于GDP的增长，甚至把发展等同于增长，把许多无可回避、必须解决的经济、社会和政治问题留在了后面。

”全国政协委员、著名经济学家吴敬琏说。

上世纪中叶开始，随着环境保护运动的发展和可持续发展理念的兴起，一些经济学家和统计学家们，尝试将环境要素纳入国民经济核算体系，以发展新的国民经济核算体系，这便是绿色GDP，它是对GDP指标的一种调整，是扣除经济活动中投入的环境成本后的国内生产总值。

相关数据显示，1985年至2000年的15年是中国经济的高速增长期，GDP 年均增长率为8.7 %。

而若扣除损失成本和生态赤字，即自然部分的虚数和人文部分的虚数后，这期间中国的“真实国民财富”仅为名义财富的78.2%。

事实上，过去15年中国GDP的实际年均增长率只有6.5%。

“中国环境的问题形成既有历史的原因又有自然条件的限制，中国经济行为和社会活动的影响也是一些工业化快速发展时期难以避免的环境代价，但粗放型的经济增长方式无疑是一个重要的原因。

”国家环保总局局长解振华说，“目前我国的经济总量虽然排在世界的第六位，但产业技术水平低，规模小，浪费和破坏资源严重。

2020-2021学年高二牛津译林版必修5第2单元综合测评英语试卷学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读选择If you go to Ethiopia, you’ll find a strange palm-like structure, which is called WarkaWater. It gathers water from fog and condensation（水珠）and is invented by an Italian firm.When Italian designer Arturo Vittori and Swiss architect Andreas V ogler first visited Ethiopia in 2012, they were shocked to see women and children forced to walk miles to access what, for them, had always been within easy reach, water.Only 34 percent of Ethiopians have access to a reliable water supply. Some travel for up to six hours a day to fetch some or, even worse, has to use pond water polluted by human waste,_____the spread of disease.Worldwide, about 768 million people—two and a half times the U.S. population—don’t have access to safe drinking water. So just imagine if we could just pull water out of thin air? That’s what Vittori and V ogler asked once they saw the severe problem and promised to take action. Their firm, Architecture and Vision, has since come up with WarkaWater, a grand palm-like structure that may look like something you’d see in a modern art museum, but it’s been designed to harvest water from the air.WarkaWater, which is named after an Ethiopian fig tree, is composed of a 30-foot bamboo frame containing a fog-harvesting nylon net that can catch water easily, can be easily lowered for repairs and allow communities to measure the water level. Collecting water through condensation is hardly a new technique, but the creators of WarkaWater say their tree-inspired design is more effective, maximizing surface and perfecting every angle to produce up to 26 gallons of drinkable water a day—enough for a family of seven.Western organizations have been working to provide clean water access in Africa for decades, so WarkaWater joins a very long list of earlier attempts. So far, high-tech solutions, like the once promising Playpump, have failed, mostly due to high costs and maintenance issues. This is where WarkaWater stands apart—a lower-tech solution that is easy to repair and far more affordable than digging wells in the rocky Ethiopian plateau.1．What does the underlined phrase “subject to” in the third paragraph most probably mean? A．Owing to B．Opposite toC．Sensitive to D．Giving rise to2．WarkaWater is designed mainly to ______.A．gather clean water efficientlyB．reduce water supply costsC．simplify maintenanceD．preserve water supplies3．According to Paragraph 6, what caused Playpump to fail?A．Lack of advanced technologyB．Unsuccessful designsC．Lack of money and maintenance issuesD．Unreasonable structures阅读理解。

Unit 2 The Environment Project学案I．Teaching aimswrite a report about other things that China is doing to protect the environment and how to prepare an oral report to present to the class.II．Teaching procedureStep 1Have a free talk about the Yangtze River1．What are the three longest freshwater（淡水的）rivers in the world?2．How many provinces does the Yangtze River run cross?3．What is the famous manmade project? Show some pictures about the destroyed river.Step 2 learning a text1．Skimming-What has caused the pollution of the Yangtze River?-What are the two special government projects?2．Reading for details.Try to match the number of the paragraph with its topic.P1 Many people have recognized the importance of protecting theYangtze River and many environmental organizations and projects have been set up.P2 he environmental problems of the Yangtze River have raise concern.P3 The second project is a nature reserve for white flag dolphins.P4 The environmental situation of the Yangtze River is improving.P5 Two special governments under way to protect the river. One is the waterand soil preservation project.Step the structureStep the students to read the questions again and answer the questionsWhy has the environmental problems of the Yangtze River raised concern both nationally and internationally?2．What does the green river Organization do?3．What problems do the to government projects focus on?4．What do the farmers have to do under the water and soil preservation project ?5．What does the second project concern?Step 5. Find out the similar structure of “Climate change and a low-carbon life”Read the article and find out what it is about.Step 6. writing a report1．Planning（choose a good topic）Show pictures of environmental problems talked about in this Unit.The topic for your report will be ___________________________.2．Reparing（write an outline）Review the structure of the text.Don’t forget to give facts and data to make your report convincing and Impressive.。

美国最新研究表明：心脏病与空气污染有关新华网华盛顿12月30日电美国一项最新研究表明，死于城市空气污染的心脏病患者人数是死于空气污染的肺癌及其它呼吸道疾病患者人数的两倍。

据美国心脏病协会主办的《循环》杂志报道，1982年有50万名成年人志愿参加了美国癌症协会进行的一项有关癌症预防的调查。

20多年后，犹它州杨伯翰大学的研究人员分析了这项调查数据，将调查中呼吸系统疾病和心脏病等心血管疾病的发病率，与来自美国环境保护局150多个城市的空气污染数据相联系。

研究人员原以为，空气中的可吸入颗粒会对肺部造成直接的伤害。

但出乎他们意料的是，数据表明，在空气污染导致死亡的疾病中，心脏病患者居多。

这篇论文的第一作者阿尔丁·蒲柏强调，空气污染对肺部的影响十分复杂，可能是吸入的污染空气导致肺部炎症，肺部炎症又导致了心脏病的发生。

此外，即使将吸烟、饮食、肥胖等心脏病危险因素算在内，空气污染仍增加了心脏病患者的发病危险。

环境污染导致连体婴儿？专家解连体婴儿之谜7月12日，在伊朗连体姐妹拉丹和拉蕾接受分离手术后死亡的事件发生之后，印度西部城市艾哈迈达巴德的一对连体姐妹表示不会进行分离手术。

连体婴儿：一种罕见的先天畸形据北大医院妇产科刘朝晖博士介绍，连体婴儿是一种极为罕见的妊娠现象，它是由单独的一个受精卵分裂而成。

连体婴儿的种类虽然千差万别，但医生通常将他们分为颅部、胸腹、臀部、坐骨、脐部、双头等6种连体双胞胎情况。

与正常的单卵双胞胎妊娠过程不同的是，受精卵在最初两星期内没能完全分离，局部分离的受精卵继续成熟，结果便形成了连体的胎儿。

连体婴儿是一种罕见的先天畸形，在5万至10万次怀孕中有一例发生。

在每250万次妊娠中有1例是头部连体的双胞胎婴儿，即使在连体婴儿中也只占2%。

大多数连体胎儿在胚胎期就死亡了，能分娩下来的约为20万分之一。

专家忠告：怀孕期间切忌乱用药中山医科大学基础医学院副院长、组织胚胎学教研室教授曾园山向媒体透露，医学界已明确畸形婴儿与遗传因素、环境因素有关。

遗传因素有血缘因素 如家族历史有此情况 、染色体畸变、基因突变等，环境因素有物理、生物、药物等因素 如风疹病毒感染、射线、致畸性化学元物质等 。

两者相互作用造成婴儿畸形的情况最多。

因此，虽然现在还没有很好、很明确的办法防止连体婴儿的发生，但女士在怀孕期间切忌烟酒，不乱服用药物，药物注明孕妇忌用的一定要忌用，最好在医生的指示下服药，可以减少畸形婴儿的产生几率。

当然，认真细致的产前检查也是一个有效的预防手段。

连体婴儿：环境污染并发症？在人们对连体畸形婴儿频频出现是否与装修环境污染有关的讨论时，美国《美国流行病学杂志》又宣布了一个令人震惊的消息，科研人员通过对新生儿进行的跟踪研究发现，妇女在怀孕期间吸入被污染的空气，日后所生出的孩子更有可能患上心脏方面的疾病。

这是科研人员首次确认空气污染与新生儿心脏疾病有某种关联。

目前，已有大量不利证据指向“环境激素污染”：它不仅是多种疾病的元凶，同时还可能导致胎儿生长不良比例上升，其中包括连体婴儿发生率的增加。