季佩玉、范烨学术英语 第到课文翻译

指南录后序文言文翻译及注释《指南录后序》是南宋文天祥为《指南录》所作的一篇序文。

该文简略概括地叙述了作者出使元营、面斥敌酋汉奸、被扣押冒死逃脱、颠沛流离、万死南归的冒险经历，反映了民族英雄文天祥坚定不移的战斗意志、忠贞不屈的民族气节和生死不渝的爱国激情。

其文被收录在苏教版语文必修三专题三。

指南录后序文言文翻译及注释是如何呢?本文是店铺整理的指南录后序文言文翻译及注释资料，仅供参考。

指南录后序文言文原文指南录后序作者：文天祥德祐二年二月十九日，予除右丞相兼枢密使，都督诸路军马。

时北兵已迫修门外，战、守、迁皆不及施。

缙绅、大夫、士萃于左丞相府，莫知计所出。

会使辙交驰，北邀当国者相见，众谓予一行为可以纾祸。

国事至此，予不得爱身;意北亦尚可以口舌动也。

初，奉使往来，无留北者，予更欲一觇北，归而求救国之策。

于是，辞相印不拜，翌日，以资政殿学士行。

初至北营，抗辞慷慨，上下颇惊动，北亦未敢遽轻吾国。

不幸吕师孟构恶于前，贾余庆献谄于后，予羁縻不得还，国事遂不可收拾。

予自度不得脱，则直前诟虏帅失信，数吕师孟叔侄为逆，但欲求死，不复顾利害。

北虽貌敬，实则愤怒，二贵酋名曰“馆伴”，夜则以兵围所寓舍，而予不得归矣。

未几，贾余庆等以祈请使诣北。

北驱予并往，而不在使者之目。

予分当引决，然而隐忍以行。

昔人云：“将以有为也”。

至京口，得间奔真州，即具以北虚实告东西二阃，约以连兵大举。

中兴机会，庶几在此。

留二日，维扬帅下逐客之令。

不得已，变姓名，诡踪迹，草行露宿，日与北骑相出没于长淮间。

穷饿无聊，追购又急，天高地迥，号呼靡及。

已而得舟，避渚洲，出北海，然后渡扬子江，入苏州洋，展转四明、天台，以至于永嘉。

呜呼!予之及于死者不知其几矣!诋大酋当死;骂逆贼当死;与贵酋处二十日，争曲直，屡当死;去京口，挟匕首以备不测，几自刭死;经北舰十余里，为巡船所物色，几从鱼腹死;真州逐之城门外，几徬徨死;如扬州，过瓜洲扬子桥，竟使遇哨，无不死;扬州城下，进退不由，殆例送死;坐桂公塘土围中，骑数千过其门，几落贼手死;贾家庄几为巡徼所陵迫死;夜趋高邮，迷失道，几陷死;质明，避哨竹林中，逻者数十骑，几无所救死;至高邮，制府檄下，几以捕系死;行城子河，出入乱尸中，舟与哨相后先，几邂逅死;至海陵，如高沙，常恐无辜死;道海安、如皋，凡三百里，北与寇往来其间，无日而非可死;至通州，几以不纳死;以小舟涉鲸波出，无可奈何，而死固付之度外矣!呜呼!死生，昼夜事也，死而死矣，而境界危恶，层见错出，非人世所堪。

学术英语综合季佩英版第八单元课文翻译(总2页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--TEXT A 从柏柏尔人到巴赫的全球化路径作为一个专业大提琴家，在过去30年，我在这条道上花了相当于两个完整的十年来学习和表演音乐传统和文化。

我的旅行使我相信，在我们的全球化世界中，文化传统形成了以身份，社会稳定和相互帮助为主的重要框架。

一个快速变化的世界必然会让我们造成文化上的不安全感，使人们质疑自己的地位。

全球化常常让我们适应别人的规则，这似乎威胁了个人的身份。

这自然使我们紧张，因为这些规则要求我们改变我们的历史悠久的习惯。

因此，对于今天的全球化领导者的关键问题是：习惯和文化该如何演变来加入一个更大的星球，同时不牺牲独特的身份和个人的自豪感？我的音乐之旅提醒我，全球化带来的互动不仅仅是破坏文化，他们可以创造新的文化，振兴和传播已经存在多年的传统。

它与生态术语“边缘效应”不同，后者用于描述当两个不同的生态系统相遇例如森林和大草原时会发生什么。

在那个界面上，密度最小的地方生命形式最多样化，每个生物都可以在两个生态系统的核心中找到。

有时候最有趣的事情发生在边缘。

在交叉处有着令人意外的组成。

文化这块织布是由世界各个角落的人汇聚而成的。

发现世界的一种方法是深入挖掘它的传统。

例如，在音乐方面，任何大提琴手的核心是巴赫的《无伴奏大提琴组曲》。

而其中每个组曲的心脏是一个称为萨拉班德舞的舞蹈。

这个舞蹈起源于北非柏柏尔人的音乐，那里是一个缓慢，性感的舞蹈。

它下一次出现在西班牙，在那里被禁止，因为它被认为猥亵和淫荡。

西班牙人把它带到美洲，但它也前往法国，在那里它成为一个戏剧性的舞蹈。

在1720年代，巴赫将其合并到《无伴奏大提琴组曲》中。

今天，我，一个中国人在巴黎生的美国人，也在玩巴赫。

那么，谁真正拥有萨拉班德舞？每个文化都包含着音乐，并赋予其特定的意义，但每个文化必须共享所有权：它属于我们所有。

季佩玉、范烨学术英语答案2. And yet, isn't there something wonderous, — something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (Line 1, Para. 4)3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one, — or more likely, a few dozen— waiting. (Line 3, Para.6)Task 3/Formal English1. very many2. buying or selling3. a large group of4. more huge5. understand6. troubledUnit 2Language buildingTask 1:Part 1:1)无形之手；2）自由企业制度3）股东4）经济体制5）开发产品和服务6）市场力量；市场调节作用7）金融机构8）严重衰退9）破产10）mission11）stock price12）corporate motto14）maximize profits 15）financial system Part 2：1)market forces2）financial institutions 3）free enterprise system 4）deep institutions5）invisible hand6）stockholder7）profit maximization 8）economic system Task 2：1.and；2.Another；3. also；4. Not only；but；5. otherTask 31. understanding；2. agree with；3. forces… to be accepted;4. bad5. purpose7. given;8.famous.Unit 3Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1) 充满敬畏与感激；2）与外部世界隔离3）陷入绝境4）易感抑郁5）恢复体能6）界定性特征7）暂时的挫败8）不因挫败而心烦意乱9）竞选权位10）吹着欢快的曲调Part 2：1)bout 2）validated 3）squabble 4）aptitude5）platitude 6）debilitate7）reassuring 8）undermine 9）ruminate 10）martial Task 2：1.contrasting；2.in contrast；3. However；4. different；5. on the other hand6. in the opposite way7.howeverTask 31. full of；2. becomes alert and energetic3. keeping thinking about4. been left in hopelessness5. likely to suffer from6. not disturbed7. saying something that people are quite familiar with8. officially approvedUnit 4Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. green movement2. protected areas3. extinction of animals and plants4. wild fish stocks5. make clean power6. save resources7. 培育生物多样性8. 控制污染9. 阻止对生态体系的破坏10. 扩大清洁产业11. 集体世界观12. 生态经济Part 2：1. Embedding a narrative that moves us on from protecting nature from people to protecting nature for people is an essential part of this reframing. (Para.6)If such a narrative is to gain practical effect, then looking after nature must urgently be seen as not only an environmental challenge, but also an economic one. (Para.7)The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating keys words such as narrative, nature.2. So long as we continue to travel in two directions at once, promoting environmental goals on the one hand while on the other directly contradicting that with measures to achieve more economic growth, the longer we will fail to make real progress. (Para.7)When it comes to economics and ecology there is plenty of good thinking already done. (Para.8) The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating key words such as economic, economics.Task 3 Formal language1. unchangeable; increasing2. control3. effort; charitable4. pleasant detail5. complicated6. change7. Changing8. importantUnit 5Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. having a mind2.behave as if you understand3.what and how we know4.inside;reflects Mentalist Dbehaviorist BEpistemologist Aphenomenologist CPart 21. psychological2.spiritual3.behaviour4.phenomenologist5.perplexity6.mentallyTask 2：…,classified…This class of…The class of……a less severe label…The huge classTask 31. what we imagine about computers today2.we have broken the distinction between the first type of response3.for the sake of convenience so that it is easier to refer to the first type of response4. you have the same reason for thinking that M had a mind.5. (The reason you believe your mother has a mind is based) not on your prejudice6. as groundless as believing that computers have mindUnit 6Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. 数学化，数字处理2. 计算机辅助设计3. 统计4. 基因组学5. 运筹学6. 优化组合7. 概率8. 数据库Part 2：1. database2. CAD3. statistics4. probability5. optimization6. genomics7. mathematization8. Operations researchTask 2：1. Here are a few simple examples of prescriptive mathematics that extended from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems:…(Line1,para.8,Text A)2. Admittedly this is rather vague, but it will clarify a bit as I go on and mention a few of the manyexamples that Baker gives:…(Line 8, para.10, Text A)Task 3 Formal language1. exists2. included3. explained4. model5. get6. environment7. knowledgeable person; in which8. until now9. fix ideas of (caution) in one’s mindUnit 7Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. -h2.-f3.-a4.-j5.-i6.-b7.-d8.-g9.-c10.-ePart 2：1. To achieve professional development isimportant as a means to the end of becoming an expert and gaining more flexibility and independence2. Numerous studies over the last 30 years have suggested that personality is a powerful predictor of a person's life satisfaction3. An employee's work orientation is shaped in the first instance by their understanding of “what work is about”4. The government is trying to introduce new measures to create a better social safety net and encourage better worker pay5. Money has been used as the incentive of many intelligence contests in TV program Task 2：1. The present perfect tense（现在完成时）emphasizes that people’s conception about what money can bring them has changed greatly2. The tense switches from the present to the past to manifest that an example is given3.The tense switches between the present and the past to produce a comparison of different interpretations of a “calling”in different times Task 3 Formal language1. pour heart and soul into :spare no efforts,try one's bestwhat will stimulate\encourage a worker to try his best in making good products?2. lure：temptationgrueling：working exhaustedlyPeople are no longer so tempted by the dream of becoming rich by working exhaustedly 80 hours a week for several years in a humble position3. lowly job：humble jobrecrafted：turnedHe might be doing a humble job，but he would turn it into a great mission4. entails：requiresA career requires more devotion to work5. contributing to：being beneficial toconnotation：implicationPeople who regard their work as a calling\great mission think that what they do helps serve the public and brings benefits to our society，and therefore it's quite proper to say that a mission\calling implies something similar to religious beliefsUnit8Task 1 Specialized vocabulare1. cultural tradition 文化传统2. social stability 社会稳定3. distinct identity 鲜明特色4. edge effect 边缘效应5. organic evolution 有机界进化6. mutual respect 相互尊重7.political correctness 政治正确性anic evolution2. mutual respect3. Edge effect4. social stability5. political correctness6. cultural tradition7. distinct identityTask 2 Signpost language1. Through; through; through2. not just; but3. first4. second5. next6. final7.not only; but alsoTask 3 Formal English1. develop2. combined3. skillful performers4. obvious5. friendly6. getting rid of7. combine8. changed9. imagine10. a large number ofUnit 9Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 D 医疗2 J 基因分型3 F 内窥镜检查4 A 生物技术5 H 诊断6 C 分子的7 I 治疗方案8 E 医生9 G 外科医生的；手术的10 B 胶囊1 diagnosis2 surgical3 Biotechnology4 healthcare5 protocols6 molecularTask 2 Signpost language1 known as2 referred to as3 call4 describe5 meanTask 3 Formal English1 increases2 marked3 arrival/ coming4 replaced5 move away6 filledUnit 10Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 b2 k3 f4 j5 g6 i7 e8 c9 h10 a11 d1 syntactic patterns2 Language faculty3 neural system4 underlying logic5 evolutionary adaptation6 formal instruction7 mental organ8 natural selectionTask 2 Signpost language1 for2 led to3 because4 Therefore5 Therefore6 because; because7 SoTask 3 Formal English1 explanation/interpretation; impacts2 is present all over; analyze/explain/interpret亚当斯密称它为“看不见的手”导致无数人的神秘力量，各为自己的利益工作，推动结束，受益多。

高中文言文原文及翻译目录必修一 (3)劝学 (3)师说 (4)赤壁赋 (5)始得西山晏游记 (8)必修二 (9)六国论 (9)阿房宫赋 (11)必修三 (13)指南录后序 (13)五人墓碑记 (17)烛之武退秦师 (19)谏太宗十思书 (20)廉颇蔺相如列传 (22)鸿门宴 (28)秋水 (33)非攻 (33)必修四 (34)季氏将伐颛臾 (34)寡人之于国也 (35)滕王阁序 (37)秋声赋 (40)必修五 (41)陈情表 (41)项脊轩志 (43)报任安书 (45)渔父 (49)逍遥游 (51)兰亭集序 (53)1必修一（一）劝学（荀子）君子曰：学不可以已。

青，取之于蓝而青于蓝；冰，水为之而寒于水。

木直中绳，輮以为轮，其曲中规。

虽有槁暴，不复挺者，輮使之然也。

故木受绳则直，金就砺则利，君子博学而日参省乎己，则知明而行无过矣。

吾尝终日而思矣，不如须臾之所学也。

吾尝跂而望矣，不如登高之博见也。

登高而招，臂非加长也，而见者远；顺风而呼，声非加疾也，而闻者彰。

假舆马者，非利足也，而致千里；假舟辑者，非能水也，而绝江河。

君子生非异也，善假于物也。

积土成山，风雨兴焉；积水成渊，蛟龙生焉；积善成德，而神明自得，圣心备焉。

故不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。

骐骥一跃，不能十步；驽马十驾，功在不舍。

锲而舍之，朽木不折；锲而不舍，金石可镂。

蚓无爪牙之利，筋骨之强，上食埃土，下饮黄泉，用心一也。

蟹六跪而二螯，非蛇鳝之穴无可寄托者，用心躁也。

课文全译】君子说，学习不可以停止。

靛青是从蓼蓝中提取的，但它比蓼蓝的颜色更青；冰是由水凝结成的，但它比水更冷。

木材直得合乎拉直的墨绳，如果给它加热使它弯曲做成车轮，它的弯度就可以合乎圆规，即使又晒干了，也不会再挺直，这是因为人工使它弯曲成这样。

所以木材经墨线量过就笔直了，金属刀具在磨刀石上磨过就锋利了。

君子广泛地学习而且每天对照检查自己，就智慧明达，行动不会犯错误了。

记超山梅花文言文翻译及注释《记超山梅花》是由清代文人林纾创作的一部，收录于《畏庐文集》中。

记超山梅花文言文翻译及注释是如何呢?本文是小编整理的记超山梅花文言文翻译及注释资料，仅供参考。

记超山梅花文言文原文记超山梅花作者：林纾夏容伯同声，嗜古士也，隐于栖溪。

余与陈吉士、高啸桐买舟访之。

约寻梅于超山。

由溪上易小舟，循浅濑至超山之北。

沿岸已见梅花。

里许，遵陆至香海楼，观宋梅。

梅身半枯，侧立水次;古干诘屈，苔蟠其身，齿齿作鳞甲。

年久，苔色幻为铜青。

旁列十余树，容伯言皆明产也。

景物凄黯无可纪，余索然将返。

容伯导余过唐玉潜祠下，花乃大盛：纵横交纠，玉雪一色;步武高下，沿梅得径。

远馥林麓，近偃陂陀;丛芬积缟，弥满山谷。

几四里始出梅窝，阴松列队，下闻溪声，余来船已停濑上矣。

余以步，船人以水，沿溪行，路尽适相值也。

是晚仍归栖溪。

迟明，复以小舟绕出山南，花益多于山北。

野水古木，渺滞翳，小径岐出为八、九道，抵梅而尽。

至乾元观，观所谓水洞者。

潭水清冽，怪石怒起水上，水附壁而止。

石状豁閜，阴绿惨淡。

石脉直接旱洞。

旱洞居观右偏。

三十余级，及洞口，深窈沉黑中，有风水荡击之声。

同游陈寄湖、涤寮兄弟，爇管入，不竟洞而出。

潭之右偏，镌“海云洞”三大字，宋赵清献笔也。

寻丁酉轩父子石像，已剥落，诗碣犹隐隐可读。

容伯饭我观中。

余举觞叹息，以生平所见梅花，咸不如此之多且盛也。

容伯言：“冬雪霁后，花益奇丽，过于西溪。

”然西溪余两至，均失梅候。

今但作《超山梅花记》，一寄容伯，一寄余友陈寿慈于福州。

寿慈亦嗜梅者也。

——选自木刻本《畏庐文集》〔清〕林纾记超山梅花文言文翻译夏容伯，是个酷爱古代文物的人，隐居于栖溪。

我和陈吉士、高啸桐雇船拜访了他，相约一起去超山探梅观花。

我们在小溪上换乘小船，顺着浅浅的由沙石上流淌的溪水驶至超山北面，沿岸已能见到梅花。

再过约一里地光景，沿着溪边小路行至香海楼，观赏了著名的宋梅。

梅树已经半枯，斜立于水边。

苍老古拙的枝干曲折多姿，树身密布青苔，排列齐整得有如鱼鳞一样。

《学术英语综合》季佩英版课文翻译感谢看不见的手感谢全能的上帝是感恩节的主题，自从清教徒带来了他们的第一批丰收的朝圣者...直到今天，在全国数以百万计的家庭中，上帝会感谢许多礼物、餐桌上的盛宴和亲属的陪伴、健康和好运，在过去的一年里，和平的家庭，生来或成为美国人获得了无数特权。

但这可能不会发生，因为我们太感谢了。

本周当地超市有很多火鸡出售。

尽管不虔诚地感谢上帝的飞行安排，一些亲戚还是飞回家过感恩节。

或者让当地电影院掌握周末时间和(电影名称)的到来。

或者报纸上蓝莓苹果派食谱的食物部分。

这些事情我们或多或少都认为是理所当然的这几乎不需要奇迹来解释为什么感恩节前杂货店的存货是火鸡存货，或者为什么好莱坞电影在假期上映。

这就是他们所做的然而，上帝在哪里呢？在你的感恩节周末里，没有什么是美妙的——几乎无法解释的——对许多陌生人来说，技能和劳动是可能的火鸡餐桌，例如，家禽饲养者饲养的鸟，需要成千上万的人努力工作，当然，也为卡车司机提供营养和饲料经销商，卡车司机把它带到农场，更不用说由建筑师设计的孵化场，建造它的工人，以及保持它运转的技术人员这只鸟已经被宰杀、拔毛，运输和卸载袋的价格也已经被检查和展示完成这些任务的人是由其他人的军队完成的，其他人完成了其他任务——从提炼汽油、加油车到制作塑料肉包。

无数的活动在结婚几个月后，远方的男人和女人必须精心设计和精确计时，这样才能有一种或多种可能，有几十种可能等着你去买新鲜的感恩节火鸡。

协调的程度，关闭它的需要令人难以置信。

但是更不可思议的是没有协调没有哪个火鸡沙皇坐在指挥所里，查阅主人的程序。

命令人们四处走动没有人能驾驭所有的人，迫使他们为了你的利益而合作。

然而，他们合作了当你到达超市时，那里有四只火鸡你不需要做任何事情，但是如果你买了它，这是一个奇迹。

我们应该叫它什么？亚当·斯密称之为“看不见的手”，这导致了无数为自己的利益而工作的人的神秘力量，他们为达到目的而努力，并从中受益匪浅。

New winds blowing in applied mathematicsPhilip J.DavisHow would you complete this sentence:”this is the age of...”Every generation of writers has filled in the dots not only for their own age,but for selected past ages.In1947,the poet W.H.Auden wrote that his was“the age of anxiety”.Around1970,song writers,pulling on astrological beliefs,called it“The age of Aquarius,”an age of love and human kindness.More recently,psychiatrist Daniel Freeman wrote that this is“The age of Paranoia”with distrust and optical surveillance everywhere.We answer according to our experiences.I would fill in the dots by saying that this is the age of computers,or more sharply,the age of mathematizaions.The computer is the prime and driving mechanism of the age and in all computer applications there resides some sort of mathematical construction.It is an age when applied mathematizations affect us all, for good,for bad,for somewhere in between,and these effects may not develop or become apparent for some while.Mathematics is now so universally employed that its teaching cannot be encompassed in one department.CAD/CAM(computer aided design/manufacture)is now in dentistry.Does the dentistry development require engineering talent?Should its techniques be taught in an engineering department?One can truly wonder what courses should comprise the basic training for the applied mathematician or computer scientist.I have spent a good fraction of my professional life in what might be termed“a traditional department of applied mathematics”.by“traditional”I mean a department that stresses the mathematics that models physical phenomena,or to a lesser extent, that models social phenomena via statistics.The word“traditional”cal also be explicated by noting the specific courses that are given in such a department.In my department at Brown University,for example,there are graduate courses in biophysical models,genomics,operations research,statistical inference,dynamical systems,and fluids.This represents a change from a half century ago,when my department was a renowned research center for solid mechanics:elasticity,plasticity, rheology,etc.The word“traditional”can also be explicated by the well-known paradigmatics sequence:Description-prediction-comparison-re tinkering the description.But there is now another type of applied mathematics whose paradigm is:Prescription-adoption-surveillance and societal evaluation-re prescription.Here are a few simple examples of prescriptive mathematics that extend from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems:The speed limit on a highway.The mandatory retirement age for particular occupations.The scoring system for football.An algorithm for determining the“pecking order”of colleges.The old”point system”for determining the quality of a mortgage application.The presidential electoral system in the USAA national tax systemNational and international financial system.This list could go on and on.Society may adopted a mathematical prescription,but its acceptance is more provisional or tentative than,e.g.,Newtonian mechanics.There is yet another kind of mathematics by prescription that derives from human behavior and that is the product of a large cadre of professional s whom the journalist and investigative reporter Stephen Baker ha termed“the Numerati”.who are“the Numerati”?A secret society?No,they are mathematicians,computer scientists,engineers,physicists,economists,biologists,psychologists,linguists and data miners.In fact,anyone who consciously devises or uses algorithms that extract patterns from the behavior of individuals,individual or collective,whose uses then have a direct impact on their personal lives.Admittedly,this is rather vague,but is will clarity a bit as I go on and mention a few of the many examples that Baker gives:A name identifying company using linguistic analysis can tell you whether Mr. Chang is the same fellow as Mr.Tchang,or even Mr.Tchung.A company keeps shopping and lifestyle data of some200million Americans. The company buys just about every bit of data about us that is cold,and then sells selections of it.Another company quietly amasses court rulings,tax and real estate transactions, birth and death notices so as to enhance,among other things,law and child support enforcement,public safety and health care.Yet another company divides the electorate into10groups with characteristic voting patterns so as to help political parties get the swing voters onto their bandwagon.Some of these compilation and analyses,even now,go on silently andautomatically.We are typecast as we sit innocently before our screen and surf of when we use a credit card to buy our weekly groceries.The products of the Numerati can run from socially benign and useful to worrisome to scary.The principal worry is the loss of personal privacy.What formal mathematical knowledge is required to install such mathematizations?If can be anything from the very simple to the very advanced. Technically speaking,what goes on here is part of field of learning/computational statistics,a very hot area in applied mathematics,and computer science.The useful formal training would include:linear algebra,mulch-variable calculus,optimization, probability,statistics,on the mathematics side.On the CS side,it would include algorithms and database theory.Specialized knowledge of the particular domain is of course necessary.In a sense,all applications of math are ultimately prescriptive,but I’m concerned here with mathematics that,once prescribed,creates a brand-new milieu as opposed to mathematics that describes or models an existing often physical milieu.In a perceptive1946article,the French polymath Paul Valery,pointed out that with Volta’s1800discovery of the electric current and invention of the battery, science entered a new phase wherein it created and described absolutely new phenomena as opposed to phenomena that pre-existed.By the same token,applied mathematics which has hitherto been concerned with pre-existing phenomena,is now, via the work of the Numerati,creating new(and largely social)phenomena,this adds fuel to the social constructivist view of mathematics as explicated by Paul Ernest in his many works.Over the years,i may very well have trained students is applied mathematics who have happily,productively and lucratively,entered the ranks of the Numerati. There are fortunes to be made in the numerocratic domains and the young people are aware of it.the low-hanging fruit in engineering may now have all been plucked.To go froward with schemes,e.g.creating sufficient quantities of clean energy may be difficult whereas creating successful new data-mining applications is comparatively easy.And we must deal with its consequences,many of which will be unintended.Mathematics is a very adaptable,very universally applicable language and for this reason it should be invoked with caution.Part of mathematical education of the future should be to inculcate caution lest we fall into the complaint of Caliban:”You have given me language,and my profit on’t is I know how to curse.”（1136words)应用数学的新风Philip J.Davis你将如何完成这句话:“这是一个……时代”每一个时代的作家都在省略号处填上不不同的内容，不仅仅是他们自己的年龄。

季氏将伐颛臾季氏将伐颛臾。

冉有、季路见于孔子曰：“季氏将有事于颛臾。

”孔子曰：“求！无乃尔是过与？夫颛臾，昔者先王以（之）为东蒙主，且在邦域之中矣，是社稷之臣也，何以伐为？”冉有曰：“夫子欲之，吾二臣者皆不欲也。

”孔子曰：“求！周任有言曰：‘陈力就列，不能者止。

’危而不持，颠而不扶，则将焉用彼相矣？且尔言过矣，虎兕出于柙，龟玉毁于椟中，是谁之过与？”冉有曰：“今夫颛臾，固而近于费，今不取，后世必为子孙忧。

”孔子曰：“求！君子疾夫舍曰‘欲之’而必为之辞。

丘也闻有国有家者，不患寡而患不均，不患贫而患不安。

盖均无贫，和无寡，安无倾。

夫如是，故远人不服，则修文德以来之，既来之，则安之。

今由与求也，相夫子，远人不服而不能来也，邦分崩离析而不能守也，而谋动干戈于邦内，吾恐季孙氏之忧，不在颛臾，而在萧墙之内也。

”【课文全译】季氏将要攻打附庸国颛臾。

冉有、子路两人参见孔子，说道：“季氏将对颛臾使用武力。

”孔子说：“冉求！这难道不应该责备你吗？颛臾，先王曾经任命他主持东蒙山的祭祀，而且颛臾处在我们鲁国的疆域之中，这正是跟鲁国共安危的藩属，为什么要去攻打它呢？”冉有说：“那个季孙要这么千，我们两人都不想呢。

”孔子说：“冉求！贤人周任有句话说：‘施展才能，担任职务；如果不行，就该辞职。

’盲人遇到危险，却不去扶持；将要摔倒了，却不去搀扶，那又何必用那个搀扶他走路的人呢？况且你的话错了。

老虎犀牛从栅栏里逃了出来，龟壳美玉在匣子里毁坏了，这应责备谁呢？”冉有说：“颛臾，城墙坚固，而且离季孙的采邑费地很近。

现在不把它占领，日后一定会给子孙留下祸害。

”孔子说：“冉求！君子痛恨那种避而不说自己想要那样却一定另找借口（的做法）。

我听说过：无论是有国的诸侯或者有家（封地）的大夫，不怕东西少而怕分配不均匀；不怕贫穷而怕不安定。

若是财富平均，便没有贫穷；和平相处，便不会人少；安定，便不会倾危。

做到这样，远方的人还不归服，便发扬文治教化招致他们。

苏轼《答毕仲举书》原文及翻译译文《苏轼《答毕仲举书》原文及翻译译文》这是优秀的文言文翻译译文文章，希望可以对您的学习工作中带来帮助！1、苏轼《答毕仲举书》原文及翻译译文苏轼《答毕仲举书》原文及翻译苏轼原文：奉别忽十余年，愚瞽顿仆，不复自比于朋友，不谓故人尚尔记录，远枉手教，存问甚厚，且审比来起居佳胜，感慰不可言。

罗山素号善地，不应有瘴疠，岂岁时适尔。

既无所失亡，而有得于齐宠辱、忘得丧者，是天相子也。

仆以任意直前，不用长者所教以触罪罟。

然祸福要不可推避，初不论巧拙也。

黄州滨江带山，既适耳目之好，而生事百须，亦不难致，早寝晚起，又不知所谓祸福果安在哉?偶读《战国策》，见处士颜蠋之语“晚食以当肉”，欣然而笑。

若蠋者，可谓巧于居贫者也。

菜羹菽黍，差饥而食，其味与八珍等;而既饱之余，刍豢满前，惟恐其不持去也。

美恶在我，何与于物。

所云读佛书及合药救人二事，以为闲居之赐甚厚。

佛书旧亦尝看，但暗塞不能通其妙，独时取其粗浅假说以自洗濯，若农夫之去草，旋去旋生，虽若无益，然终愈于不去也。

若世之君子，所谓超然玄悟者，仆不识也。

往时陈述古好论禅，自以为至矣，而鄙仆所言。

仆尝语述古，公之所谈，譬之饮食龙肉也，而仆之所学，猪肉也，猪之与龙，则有间矣，然公终日说龙肉，不如仆之食猪肉实美而真饱也。

不知君所得于佛书者果何耶?为出生死、超三乘，遂作佛乎?抑尚与仆辈俯仰也?学佛老者，本期于静而达。

静似懒，达似放。

学者或未至所期，而先得所似，不为无害。

仆常以此自疑，故亦以为献。

来书云处世得安稳无病，粗衣饱饭，不造冤业，乃为至足。

三复斯言，感叹无穷。

无缘面论，以当一笑而已。

(选自《苏轼文集》，有删改)译文：转眼间分别已十多年了，我愚钝缺乏识别能力而遭遇坎坷，因而不再能够自列为朋友，没想到老朋友尚能如此记怀，录我在朋友之列。

委屈你从远方亲手写信教导我，问候得很殷切，并且让我详知你近来日常起居生活安好，感激欣慰得说不出话。

罗山向来被称为好地方，不会有瘴疠之毒气，也许是四季舒适吧。

原文〕李士衡为馆职，使高丽，一武人为副。

高丽礼币赠遗之物，士衡皆不关意，一切委于副使。

时船底疏漏，副使者以士衡所得缣帛藉船底，然后实己物，以避漏湿。

至海中，遇大风，船欲倾覆，舟人大恐，请尽弃所载，不尔，船重必难免。

副使仓皇悉取船中之物投之海中，更不暇拣择。

约投及半，风息船定。

既而点检所投，皆副使之物。

士衡所得在船底，一无所失。

（宋沈括《梦溪笔谈》卷九）〔译文〕李士衡在京朝昭文馆任编校书籍职务期间，以使者身份出使到高丽去，一名武官做他的副手。

对高丽作为礼品赠送的财物，李士衡都不关注和在意，一切都委托给副手去处理。

当时，船底有渗漏的地方，装船时，这个副手把李士衡所得的细绢及其他丝织品垫在船底，然后把自己所得东西放在上边，以避免浸湿或漏落。

航行到海上，遇到了大风，船将要倾覆，船工们非常恐惧，请求把所装载的东西完全丢弃到海里去，不这样，由于船太重必定难以免祸。

这个副手在仓皇之时准备把船里的东西全部投到海里去，也没有时间去拣择。

大约投到一半的时候，风停了船也平定了。

过了一会点数、检查所投的东西，都是这个副手的东西。

而李士衡所得的东西，由于在船底就一无所失。

余尝寓居惠州嘉佑寺原文记游松风亭苏轼一、原文：余尝寓居惠州嘉佑寺，纵步松风亭下。

足力疲乏，思欲就亭止息。

望亭宇尚在木末，意谓是如何得到？良久，忽曰：“此间有甚么歇不得处？”由是如挂钩之鱼，忽得解脱。

若人悟此，虽兵阵相接，鼓声如雷霆，进则死敌，退则死法，当恁么时也不妨熟歇。

二、翻译：我曾经借住惠州嘉佑寺。

一日，在松风亭附近散步，感觉脚力不堪疲乏，想到亭子里休息。

却看见松风亭的屋檐还在树林的远处，心里想什么时候才能走到啊？后来转念又一想，突然有了体会：“这里为什么就不能休息呢？”一下子明白过来，就好比上钩的鱼儿，忽然得到解脱。

如果能悟解到这一点，即使在短兵相接的战场上，战鼓如雷霆，冲上去就要死于敌人之手，退回来就要死于军法，这时，不妨好好先歇息一下。

三、点评：身长健，但优游卒岁，且斗尊前。

Book2 Unit1 Cultural relicsIN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM寻找琥珀屋Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. This gift was theAmber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used tomake it. The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey. The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days. It was alsoa treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country's best artistsabout ten years to make.普鲁士国王腓特烈·威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有一段令人惊讶的历史。

这件礼物就是琥珀屋 , 它之所以有这个名字 , 是因为造这间房子用了近几吨琥珀 , 被选择的琥珀色彩艳丽 , 呈黄褐色 , 像蜜一样。

屋子的设计当时流行的极富艺术表现力的建筑风格。

琥珀屋这件珍品还镶嵌着黄金和珠宝 , 全国最优秀的艺术家用了是年的时间才完成它。

In fact, the room was not madeto be a gift. It was designed for the palace of Frederick I. However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William I, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return,the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room became part ofthe Czar's winter palace in St Petersburg. About four metres long, the room servedas a small reception hall for important visitors.事实上, 琥珀屋并不是作为礼物而建造的。

师说[中英文对照] 作者：韩愈罗经国译古之学者必有师。

师者，所以传道受业解惑也。

人非生而知之者，孰能无惑？惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣。

生乎吾前，其闻道也，固先乎吾，吾从而师之；生乎吾后，其闻道也，亦先乎吾，吾从而师之。

吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎？是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。

嗟乎！师道之不传也久矣，欲人之无惑也难矣。

古之圣人，其出人也远矣，犹且从师而问焉；今之众人，其下圣人也亦远矣，而耻学于师。

是故圣益圣，愚益愚。

圣人之所以为圣，愚人之所以为愚，其皆出于此乎？爱其子，择师而教之；于其身也，则耻师焉，惑矣。

彼童子之师，授之书而习其句读者，非吾所谓传其道、解其惑者也。

句读之不知，惑之不解，或师焉，或不焉，小学而大遗，吾未见其明也。

巫医、乐师、百工之人，不耻相师。

士大夫之族，曰“师”曰“弟子”云者，则群聚而笑之。

问之，则曰：彼与彼年相若也，道相似也，位卑则足羞，官盛则近谀。

呜呼！师道之不复，可知矣。

巫医、乐师、百工之人，君子不齿，今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也欤！圣人无常师。

孔子师郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃。

郯子之徒，其贤不及孔子。

孔子曰“三人行，则必有我师。

”是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子。

闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。

李氏子蟠，年十七，好古文，六艺经传皆通习之，不拘于时，学于余。

余嘉其能行古道，作《师说》以贻之。

In ancient times those who wanted to learn would seek out a teacher, one who could propagate the doctrine1, impart professional knowledge, and resolve doubts. Since no one is born omniscient, who can claim to have no doubts? If one has doubts and is not willing to learn from a teacher, his doubts will never be resolved. Anyone who was born before me and learned the doctrine before me is my teacher. Anyone who was born after me and learned the doctrine before me is also my teacher. Since what I desire to learn is the doctrine, why should I care whether he was born before or after me? Therefore, it does not matter whether a person is high or low in position, young or old in age. Where there is the doctrine, thereis my teacher.Alas! The tradition of learning from the teacher has long been neglected. Thus it is difficult to find a person without any doubts at all. Ancient sages, who far surpassed us, even learned from their teachers. People today, who are far inferior to them, regard learning from the teacher as a disgrace. Thus, wise men become more wise and unlearned men become more foolish. This explains what makes a wise man and what makes a foolish man.It is absurd that a person would choose a teacher for his son out of his love for him, and yet refuse to learn from the teacher himself, thinking it a disgrace to do so. The teacher of his son teaches the child only reading and punctuation, which is notpropagating the doctrine or resolving doubts as the aforementioned. I don"t think it wise to learn from the teacher when one doesn"t know how to punctuate, but not when one has doubts unresolved, for that I find to be the folly of learning in small matters, but neglecting the big ones. Even medicine men, musicians and handicraftsmen do not think it disgraceful to learn from each other. When one of the literati calls another man his "teacher"and himself his "student" people will get together and invariably laugh at him. If you ask them why they are laughing, they will say that since he is almost of the same age and as erudite as another man, it would be degrading for him to call the other man "teacher" if the other man"s social rank is lower than his; and it would be flattering if the other man"s social rank is higher. Alas! It is clear that the tradition of learning from the teacher can no longer be restored. Medicine men, musicians and handicraftsmen are despised by the gentlemen. How strange it is that gentlemen areless wise than these people!The ancient sages did not limit themselves to particular teachers. Confucius had learned from people like Tanzi2, Changhong3, Shixiang4, and Laodan5, who were not as virtuous and talented as Confucius. Confucius said "If three men are walking together, one of them is bound to be good enough to be my teacher."A student is not necessarily inferior to his teacher, nor does a teacher necessarily be more virtuous and talented than his student. The real fact is that one might have learned the doctrine earlier than the other, or might be a master in his own special field.Pan, the son of Li"s family, who is only seventeen years old, loves to study Chinese classics of the Qin and Han dynasties, and masters the six jing6 and their annotations. He does not follow conventions and is willing to learn from me. I appreciate his ability to act in accordance with the old tradition of learning. Therefore I dedicate this piece to him.About the author:Han Yu (768-824) was born in Henan Province. His parents died when he was young and he was brought up by his sister-in-law. Through hard study he passed the highest imperial civil service examination at the age of twenty- five and held the office of Shilang. He was twice demoted from his office. Together with Liu Zongyuan, he was opposed to the flashy style of writing then, and advocated that writing was meant to convey truth, a teaching that largely influenced later Chinese writers.关于译者：罗经国，1930年生，上海人。

“求！尔何如？”对曰：“方六七十，如五六十，求也为之，比及三年，可使足民。

如其礼乐，以俟君子。

”“赤！尔何如？”对曰：“非曰能之，愿学焉。

宗庙之事，如会同，端章甫，愿为小相焉。

”“点！尔何如？”鼓瑟希，铿尔，舍瑟而作，对曰：“异乎三子者之撰。

”子曰：“何伤乎？二三子者出，点亦可得而与焉。

”English Translation:Zilu, Zengxi, Ruyou, and Gongxihua sat with Confucius. Confucius said, "Since I am a day older than you all, do not let me take advantage of it. When you are at home, you say, 'I am not known.' If someone knows you, then what will you do?" Zilu replied promptly, "If I were to govern a state of a thousand chariots, surrounded by powerful states, faced with an invasion by troops, followed by famine, I would do it. Within three years, I could make the people brave and know the right way." Confucius smiled at him."Qi! How about you?" asked Confucius. Qi replied, "If a state were sixor seven li in area, or five or six li, I would govern it. Within three years, I could make the people well-fed. As for rituals and music, I would wait for a gentleman.""Chi! How about you?" asked Confucius. Chi answered, "I do not claim to be able to do it, but I wish to learn. In matters of the ancestraltemple or international conferences, I would like to serve as a minor official.""Dian! How about you?" asked Confucius. Dian played the guqin slowly, stopped, put down the guqin, and said, "My approach is different fromthe others." Confucius said, "What harm is there in that? When the three of them leave, Dian can also be included."。

（完整版）文选序_原文及译文文选序式观元始，眇觌(音敌，见)玄风，冬穴夏巢之时，茹毛饮血之世，世质民淳，斯文未作。

逮乎“伏羲氏之王天下也，始画八卦，造书契，以代结绳之政，由是文籍生焉”。

《易》曰：“观乎天文，以察时变，观乎人文，以化成天下。

”文之时义远矣哉！译：我看那原始时代的远古风俗，人类处在冬住窟夏居巢、连毛带血吃生肉的时期，世风质朴，民情淳厚，文字文章还没有产生。

到了“伏羲氏治理天下的时候，才开始画八卦，造文字，用来代替结绳记事的方法，从此以后文章典籍就应运而生了。

”《易经》上说：“观察日月星辰，用来考察四季的变化；观察诗书礼乐，用来教化人民使之有成就。

”诗书礼乐的意义真深远广大啊！若夫椎轮为大辂（音录，大车）之始，大辂宁有椎轮之质？增冰为积水所成，积水曾微增冰之凛。

何哉？盖踵其事而增华，变其本而加厉。

物既有之，文亦宜然；随时变改，难可详悉。

译：椎轮这种简陋的车子是帝王乘坐的大辂的原始模样，但大辂哪有椎轮的质朴？厚厚的冰层是积水凝结而成的，但积水并没有厚冰的寒冷。

为什么呢？大概是由于承继那造车之事却增加了文饰，改变了水的本来状态却变得更加寒冷。

事物既然有这种现象，文章也应当如此。

文章随着时代的发展而变化，我们难以全部搞清它的变化规律。

尝试论之曰：《诗序》云：“诗有六义焉：一曰风，二曰赋，三曰比，四曰兴，五曰雅，六日颂。

”至于今之作者，异乎古昔。

古诗之体，今则全取赋名。

荀宋表之于前，贾马继之于末。

自兹以降，源流寔（实）繁。

译：让我尝试议论一下这个问题吧：《毛诗序》上说：“《诗经》有六义：第一叫做风，第二叫做赋，第三叫做比，第四叫做兴，第五叫做雅，第六叫做颂。

”至于现代的作者，跟古代大不一样。

赋本是古代诗歌中的一种表现手法，现在却发展成为用“赋”命名的独立文体。

荀卿、宋玉率先标明创作赋体，贾谊、司马相如跟在后面继续发扬。

从此以后，这类作品源远流长确实繁富。

述邑居则有“凭虚”“亡是”之作，戒畋游则有《长杨》《羽猎》之制。

第一单元经济学Text A感谢“看不见的手”杰夫·雅各比英国清教徒建立普利茅斯殖民地后经历了他们的第一次大丰收，从那以后，感恩全能的上帝就一直是感恩节的主题……今天，全美数百万的家庭，都在感激上帝所赠与的众多礼物——桌上的盛宴、所爱之人的陪伴、过去一年的健康和好运、战争时期国内的和平、作为一个美国人或成为一个美国人所拥有的不可估量的优越感。

但我们中的大多数人不太可能感恩当地超市在本周出售了很多降价火鸡。

即使是虔诚的信徒们，也不太可能感恩那些让他们所爱之人得以回家共度佳节的航班时刻表，或者是感恩当地的影院在周末及时上映了《怒海争锋：极地远征》，又或者是感恩报纸的食物版块刊登了美味的蔓越莓苹果派的食谱。

或多或少我们都会觉得这些事情是理所当然的。

百货商店会在感恩节前储备火鸡，或者好莱坞在长假期时及时上映大片这些都不需要用奇迹来解释。

这一切都是自然而言的。

可上帝在其中扮演了什么角色呢？然而在你因无数陌生人奉献了技能和劳动而得以度过的感恩节周末里，难道就没有什么事让你感到奇妙——甚至几乎无法解释吗？例如，把火鸡端到餐桌上，需要成千上万人的努力——当然，有养鸟的禽类农场主，也有给它们提供营养的饲料批发商和把它们带到农场的卡车司机，更不用说还有设计孵化场的建筑师，建造它的工人，以及维持它运行的技术人员。

这只火鸡不得不经历宰杀、拔毛、检查、运输、卸载、包装、定价和展示。

完成这些任务的人又依次由完成其他任务的人配合支持——从提炼货车燃料汽油到制造包装肉类的塑料。

这些遍布各行各业的男男女女在过去的几个月里精准设计和安排时间，以便当你去买新鲜的感恩节火鸡时，就会买到一只或者多只——甚至还有几十只在等着你选购。

实现这一过程所需的合作水平之高令人难以置信。

但更令人难以置信的是：这整个过程都没有一个人去统筹协调。

并没有什么火鸡独裁者坐在某个指挥所，商议总体规划并发号施令。

没有人会监督那些人，迫使他们为你的利益而合作。