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非谓语动词形：to do / doing / done意：doing （主动，进行）done (被动，完成)to do (未作要去做，目的)三句话掌握非谓语动词1.一个简单句中，用到多个动词时，保留一个作谓语，其他变成非谓语。
（1）太阳当空照,花儿对我笑,背着书包,我去学校。
The sun shining in the sky, the flowers smiling to me , carrying my bag, I go to school.思考：如何判断一个动词是谓语动词or非谓语动词？（2）天青色等烟雨，而我在等你。
The dark blue sky waiting for the smoky rain, I am waiting for you.2.主动用doing，被动用done，要做去做用to do走在回家路上，我看到一个老头骑着自行车看着报纸计划去买菜被车撞了，坐在地上哭。
______(walk) home , I _______(see) an old man______(ride) a bike,________(read) a newspaper,_______(plan) _______(buy)some vegetables,__(knock) down by a car ,_____(sit) on the ground,_____(cry).3.非谓语前面有名词，说明非谓语是这个名词干的；如果非谓语前面没有名词，说明非谓语是主句主语干的。
（1）Jerry smiling ,Tom walked in.（2）smiling, Tom walked in.（3）Tom beaten, Jerry walked in.思考：英语中真的有那么多固定搭配吗？接to do 的动词1.plan to do sth2. agree to do sth3.decide to do sth4.wish to do sth5.hope to do sth6.promise to do sth接doing的动词1.enjoy doing sth2.practise doing sth3.keep doing sth4.risk doing sth总结：to do的一些特殊用法1.want/desire/expect to do2.sb is said/reported/expected to do3.形容词+ to do(喜怒哀乐惊好坏和难易)e.g. I am happy to do sth.4.英语难学结构：English is hard (for us) to study.5.作业要做结构：I have homework to do.6.only +to do：表示令人惊讶的结果：“结果却...”e.g. He went home, only to find everything stolen.总结：掌握了非谓语动词的真谛，也许我们不用背那么多固定搭配。
如何解决非谓语动词？非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分，也是语法填空的必考点。
非谓语动词包括不定式、过去分词、动词－ing形式(包括现在分词、动名词)。
主要考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构、分析句子成分的能力。
近年来高考越来越倾向于通过增加试题难度来考查考生对非谓语动词的掌握情况，难度有所上升。
做题的时候，如果看到括号里给的是动词，请先仔细阅读句子，观察结构，判断使用什么形式。
若划线处应填非谓语动词（即句中已有谓语动词，也不是作并列谓语动词或从句谓语动词），先判断所作成分，之后再考虑运用何种形式。
非谓语动词的形式及句法功能I作状语非谓语作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。
1.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语，与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系（主动）。
His parents died, leaving him an orphan. 他的父母去世了，他成了孤儿。
2.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语，与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系（被动）。
Seriously injured, she has to be sent to hospital at once.她受了重伤，必须马上送往医院。
[注意] 主动、被动最好不要通过汉语意思来理解，判断时考虑动词及物不及物。
部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，而表示一种状态。
需要作为词组特别记忆。
常见的词和短语有：located, seated, hidden, lost/absorbed/buried in, dressed in, tired of, faced with。
3.不定式作状语(1)作目的状语，意为“为了；以便”。
To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.为了享受数字支付的便利，许多老年人开始使用智能。
(2)用于only to do结构中，作结果状语。
【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义语法填空解密04 非谓语动词的复习要点【构建知识体系】【解密新高考真题】——预测高考命题方向非谓语动词高考解密2023年命题解读和近三年考点分布1.（2022·新高考I卷）__________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.【答案】Covering【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。
设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。
故填Covering。
2.（2022·新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.【答案】to increase【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。
设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。
故填to increase。
3.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he sawa young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ______ (fall) child.【答案】falling【解析】考查非谓语动词。
第七讲非谓语动词一、改正下列句子中的唯一错误：1.For the whole afternoon they sang and danced happily without think about their schoolwork.【答案】.think→thinking【解析】without为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
故将think改为thinking。
2.Having something to do on the train,I couldn't help think about the scene of leaving and felt terribly sorry.【答案】.think→thinking【解析】couldn't help doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“情不自禁做某事”，故将think改为thinking。
3.With my eyes filling with tears,I came into Mr. Li's office.【答案】.filling→filled【解析】此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，fill与宾语eyes之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补4.In regard to protect the environment,we have many things to do.【答案】.protect→protecting【解析】in regard to意为“关于……”，其中to是介词，其后接名词或动名词。
故将protect改为protecting 5.Saw the 18 candles burning,I couldn't keep back my tears.【答案】.Saw→Seeing【解析】see在句中作状语，与主语之间存在主动关系，故用现在分词形式。
6.We finally realized it isn't easy to being a teacher .【答案】.being→be【解析】it is+adj.+to do sth.意为“做某事是……的”，it充当形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语，to后加动词原形7.I am interested in your culture and want know more about it.【答案】.在want后加to【解析】want to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“想要做某事”。
非谓语动词非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。
一、不定式的定义及用法(to do)1.做主语动词不定式做主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，常用结构为：It + be + adj. (+for sb. / of sb) + to do sth.; It + takes/took + sb. + some time + to do sth1) It took us four hours to finish the work.2) It’s so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops.3) It is bad for us to become addicted to cigerattes.注意：形式主语结构中如果使用表示人的品质的形容词，如kind, nice, clever等时，应当使用of sb.的结构。
It is very nice of you to help me with the project.2.做宾语(1)有些动词后常跟不定式作宾语need to do sth需要做...decide to do sth决定做...agree to do sth赞同做...aim to do sth目的在于做...attempt to do sth试图做..tend to do sth倾向于做...pretend to do sth假装做...refuse to do sth拒绝做...expect to do sth期待做...还有determine, fail, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, promise, seem, hope, wish等等；I tend to set a goal for every subject at the beginning of each term.I have a top 10 reading list and I try to keep it updated.When I set out to do something, I do my best to achieve it.(2)有些复合结构中，可用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语——不定式后置句型结构为：主语+ make, find, feel, believe, consider, think + it +adj/n. + to do sth.I believe it useless to agree with him.I feel it my duty to help others.I consider it important to keep learning.I think it interesting to surf the Internet.(3)“疑问词（how，when，where，what，who）+不定式”结构作动词或介词的宾语Tom taught me how to play football.Have you decided where to have the meeting？I do not know what to do next.I do not know whom to ask about it.Will you please tell me which bus to take？I doubt whether to buy a new watch.“疑问词+不定式”结构常用作下列动词的宾语：advise，decide，discuss，explain，forget，know，learn，remember，show，teach，tell，wonder，doubt3.做宾语补足语(1)动词+ 宾语+ 带to的动词不定式有这种用法的动词有：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, drive, encourage, expect, forbid, force, hire, intend, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, teach, tell, want, warn等。
She asked me to stay there.He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸）about themselves.My mother keeps telling me to go out with my school friends.(2)动词短语+ 宾语+ 带to的动词不定式有这种用法的动词短语有：arrange for, ask for, call on, count on, depend on, long for, rely on, wait for等。
I’m waiting for you to reply.She asks for teachers to help her.We call on all people to protect environment.(3)表示见解、看法的动词+ 宾语+ 带to的动词不定式有这种用法的动词有：believe, consider, declare, discover, feel, find, imagine, judge, suppose,think, understand等。
We found the rumor to be true. 我们发现这个传闻是真的。
注意：感官动词和使役动词+ 宾语+ 不带to的不定式(1)有这种用法的感官动词有：see, notice, watch, look at, observe, hear, listen to, feel 等I like to listen to the birds sing when I get up early in the morning.I saw the boys play basketball in the playground just now.(2)有这种用法的使役动词有：make, have, let 等Don’t make the children do such heavy work.Let’s go and play.4.做状语（1）做目的状语After school, I try to use any possible time to revise the things I have learnt during the day.He studies hard to enter a great university.I go on the Internet to search for more information.To find out more information about it, visit this website.（2）做结果状语不定式短语表示结果时，常与only 连用，暗示一种意外的结果Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn’t fit.5.做后置定语The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.I just got off work. I’m about to get something to eat.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.I don’t trust his promise to come for a visit.后接不定式作定语的名词(1)由可跟不定式作宾语的动词派生或转化而来的抽象名词：attempt，claim，decision，desire，determination，failure，hope，intention，need，plan，promise，refusal，resolution，tendency，treat，wish(2)由可跟不定式作状语的形容词派生或转化而来的名词：ability，ambition，anxiety，curiosity，eagerness，impatience，patience，reluctance，willingness(3)后接不定式说明其内容的名词：campaign，chance，courage，effort，evidence，fight，means，measure，move，movement，opportunity，position，power，reason，right，skill，struggle，strength，time，way练习1．（2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·二模）The book has inspired Nina _______________ ( spend) the next year trying to become her own biggest fan and writing about the thirty things that she is truly proud about herself.2．（2022·甘肃兰州·一模）China’s accumulated experience in reducing food loss and waste is being shared with the world. This knowledge will help many countries improve theirability_______________ (reduce) food loss and ensure food security, experts and officials said. 3．（2022·福建省福州三模）______________ (satisfy) the diverse tastes of today’s youth, sellers are putting fancy decorations on this ancient costume. But others said clothing with fancy and modern decorations can’t be seen as hanfu at all.4. (2022·广东梅州·一模）Somehow I forced my finger ______________ (press) the button. 5．（2022·河南新乡·二模）The first creature _______________ (orbit) our planet was just 2 years old. Her name was Laika. She was a good dog.6．(2020年浙江卷1月)The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and is expected__________________(increase) to 42 by 2050.7. (2020年北京卷)It takes them hundreds of years__________________(break) down.8. (2021年北京卷)Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need ______________ (invest) in disaster prevention.9. (2021全国乙卷)Accommodations aim __________________(have) a low impact on the natural environment.10．（2022年全国乙卷）_____________(strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, _________(invite)twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 11．（2022年全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step _____________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.12. (2022年全新高考I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant numberof areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giantpandas under one authority ____________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.13．A pitcher needs to throw the ball with one hand and _____________ (wear) a baseball glove on the other—something that Jim couldn’t do.14. —I hope to take the computer course.—Good idea. ________ (find out) more about it, visit this website.15.He is thought ________(act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.16.The boy pretended__________________(finish) his homework.17.We mustn’t pretend__________________(know) what we don’t know.18.With a lot of difficult problems___________，he can't get home early. (settle)19.The road is covered with some fallen tress and they need _______________(remove) immediately.20.It is impossible___________(persuade) Peter to change his mind.答案：1. to spend 2. to reduce 3. To satisfy 4. to press 5. to orbit 6. to increase 7. to break 8. to invest 9. to have 10. To strengthen; inviting 11. to journey 12. to increase 13. to wear 14. To find out 15. to act 16. to finish 17. to know 18. to settle 19. to be removed 20. to persuade二、动名词动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。
