2-1复旦大学研究生英语课件

复旦大学研究生重点课程和教材建设资助项目: 研究生第一外国语（英语）研究生英语English for Graduate Students主编曾建彬卢玉玲复旦大学出版社复旦大学研究生课程和教材建设重点资助项目：研究生第一外国语（英语）研究生英语English for Graduate Students主编曾建彬卢玉玲副主编何静黄莺张宁宁编委（以汉语拼音为序）范若恩谷红欣顾乡何静黄莺刘雯卢玉玲夏威雍毅曾建彬张宁宁赵蓉主编简介曾建彬，复旦大学英语语言文学博士，研究生导师，中国认知语言学会会员，美国TESOL 会员，United Board访问学者（St. Mary’s College of Maryland, USA, 2001-2002）。

曾任复旦大学研究生英语教学部主任，现任复旦大学外文学院党委副书记。

近年来主要开设学术英语写作，英文原著选读，研究生综合英语，研究生高级英语等课程。

主要研究领域为语言学和英语教育。

主要代表作有《英文原著选读》（2010），《下义关系的认知语义研究》（2011），《研究生英语》（2012），《研究生高级英语》（2012），以及在各类专业期刊上发表的论文十余篇。

曾先后获上海市教学成果三等奖（2001），上海市教学成果二等奖（2005），复旦大学研究生教学成果三等奖（2008），CASIO优秀论文奖（2009、2011）等奖励。

卢玉玲，复旦大学世界文学与比较文学博士，副教授，上海市比较文学协会会员，复旦大学外文学院大学英语部研究生教研室主任。

2002-2003年在纽约州州立大学奥尔巴尼分校英语系学习，研修英美文学与翻译研究。

长期从事研究生英语语言教学工作，并参与编写多部研究生英语教材，如作为副主编参与编写教育部研究生推荐用书《研究生综合英语》（1、2册，复旦大学出版社）。

在各类权威、核心期刊如《中国翻译》，《中国比较文学》等刊物上发表论文十余篇，研究领域涉及英美文学、翻译与英语教学研究。

Unit One An Image or a MirageIII. VocabularyA.1. unassuming2. stemmed from3. infallible4. had taken to5. prospect6. flabby7. More often than not8.devious9. tipped the scales in her favor 10. rapportB.1. instinctual2.immediate3. deposit4. frail5. seedy6. magnetic7. extroverted8. book9. unwarranted 10. refinedC.1. D2.C3. B4. A5. A6. C7. C8.B9. D 10.BIV. Cloze1. which2. run3. concerned4. familiar5. evident6. even7.what8.Consequently 9 knowing 10.By11. one 12. how 13. Once 14. obtainable 15. yourself 16. mind 17. from 18. never 19. pays 20. considered V. TranslationA.从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。

他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。

这种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。

就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力敌的选举中占有优势。

我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。

再回到政治这一话题上来，许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。

然而，一个候选人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。

研究生英语第一册Lesson 11. My husband, because of his own professional _____, goes to Cambridge every week.A. judgmentsB. criteriaC. personalitiesD. commitments2. While looking for the address book, Mr. Hailey _____ some of his old love letters in hiswi fe’s drawer.A. came aboutB. came up withC. came acrossD. came out with3. Mrs. Bush, head of the intelligence department, is _____ immense talent and boundlessenergy.A. capable ofB. blessed withC. associated withD. recognized as4. The audience are deeply impressed by the leading character of the feature film that looks_____ at social problems.A. squarelyB. obviouslyC. accuratelyD. deliberately5. The Prime Minister has decided to take advantage of his popularity in the opinion polls, andcalled a _____ election for next month.A. snapB. clean-outC. magneticD. convincing6. The singer is very popular with the general public, but she is often regarded as being too_____ on stage.A. instinctualB. refreshingC. flamboyantD. eloquent7. Mr. Potter had taken it for granted that his verbose and _____ explanation of the facts wouldconvince the jury of his innocence.A. flimsyB. individualC. glibD. greasy8. Malaysia and Indonesia rely on open markets for forest and fishery products. _____ someAsian countries are highly protectionist.A. DeliberatelyB. ConverselyC. EvidentlyD. Naturally9. According to legal provisions, the properties will either _____ the original owners or else besold at auction.A. commit toB. take toC. romp toD. revert to10. The measures are little more than _____ that will fade fast once investors take a hard look atthem.A. blind faithB. window dressingC. good impressionD. winning image1. The number of people who consult psychiatrists today is not, as is sometimes felt, a _____ ofincreasing mental illness.A. revelationB. syndromeC. symptomD. repugnance2. That snake is not poisonous. It's a completely _____ little garden snake.A. inoffensiveB. innocuousC. ingeniousD. incompatible3. Evidence _____ to the trial must be submitted to the police.A. prevalentB. subsequentC. subordinateD. pertinent4. University teaching may be _____ if the government increases the number of students withoutproviding additional funding.A. jeopardizedB. patchedC. improvisedD. generalized5. The child's parents were _____ into accepting the demand of the kidnappers'.A. pleadedB. intoxicatedC. intimidatedD. besieged6. The detectives _____ on the terrorists' conversations by using secret microphones.A. overheardB. eavesdroppedC. reflectedD. mused7. The two sides are so _____ to each other that there is no way to work out a compromise.A. inimicalB. reconcilableC. magneticD. conducive8. They tried to keep it quiet but eventually everyone learned about _____ the meeting.A. clandestineB. intangibleC. sedateD. squalid9. Although Jack had moved away before the baseball season ended, the most valuable playeraward was _____ his.A. dubiouslyB. dulyC. excessivelyD. transiently10. Many citizens appealed to the city government for enacting _____ laws to protect theconsumers.A. lavishB. equivocalC. stringentD. flabbyLesson 21. Probably the physics of the mid-nineteenth century was not as spectacular as that of the _____and following periods, but its theoretical advances were nevertheless very impressive.A. posteriorB. overwhelmingC. precedingD. potential2. We will encourage every school to _____ its character, ethos and areas of special interestwithin a more flexible National Curriculum framework.A. facilitateB. enhanceC. acquaintD. install3. _____ her dreams, Lynne traveled the world, leaving her 2-year-old son Stephen in the care ofbabysitters.A. In spite ofB. In case ofC. In place ofD. In pursuit of4. His deep _____, subtle approach, sharp analytical capacities and broad clinical knowledgemade him a brilliant clinician.A. intuitionB. revelationC. hypothesisD. indulged in5. Western medicine, _____ science and practiced by people with internationally acceptedmedical degrees, is only one of many systems of healing.A. rooted inB. originated fromC. trapped inD. indulged in6. The computer acts as a substitute for human friends, perhaps, but the human-computer _____may also bring about the end of existing human-human relationships.A. apathyB. intensityC. conceptD. infatuation7. She had something to tell him, something so important that even this unexpected opportunityfor _____ of their desire must take second place.A. appetiteB. consummationC. intimacyD. potentiality8. Such an approach forces managers to communicate with one another and helps _____ rigiddepartmental boundaries.A. break downB. stand forC. set offD. pass over9. He knew that he had one more duty to perform before he allowed himself to succumb to his_____ for rest.A. orientationB. anticipationC. cravingD. objection10. To be honest, I felt rather embarrassed by Jane’s _____ and flirting during her interview.A. spontaneousnessB. anticipationC. coynessD. sensationp601. It is _____ upon all users of this equipment to familiarize themselves with the safetyprocedure.A. necessaryB. indispensableC. incumbentD. requisite2. The kidnappers specified that the _____ money should be left at the bus station by 12 o'clockthe next day, otherwise they would kill the boy.A. ransomB. prizeC. conscienceD. revenue3. According to the economic forecast, some people are hopeful of a drop in the inflation figures,but others are less _____.A. fastidiousB. sanguineC. lenientD. prudent4. Her rise to fame was quite _____—in less than two years she was a household name.A. phenomenalB. bleakC. blankD. vacant5. I looked for her through the window, but the curtains were drawn and I could only see her in_____.A. featureB. profileC. silhouetteD. reverse6. I tried to persuade her to take the job but she was quite _____ that she did not want it.A. desperateB. paranoidC. absoluteD. adamant7. We are not compatible—he likes nearly all the things that _____ me.A. repulseB. surpassC. banishD. repatriate8. In his will, the millionaire _____ nearly all his fortunes to the housemaid who took care ofhim in his last days.A. inheritedB. bequeathedC. owedD. remitted9. When the only witness finally came to tell the truth, poor Mike was _____ from allresponsibility for the accident.A. pardonedB. derivedC. exoneratedD. charged10. The negotiation had reached an _____, with both sides refusing to compromise.A. eclipseB. impasseC. ultimatumD. abyssLesson 3p731. Hard training will _____ you richly when it comes to the actual competition.A. bringB. payC. serveD. make2. At the news conference, the foreign minister_____ a confident smile and answered all thequestions raised by the journalists.A. woreB. expressedC. settledD. cultivated3. After years of research, scholars have finally _____ this anonymous play _____ ChristopherMarlowe.A. taken ... forB. obliged ... withC. ascribed ... toD. reconciled ... to4. Most parents have occasional _____ about whether they're doing the best thing for theirchildren.A. burdensB. qualmsC. necessitiesD. securities5. It _____ me to thank you for all you have done for the association in the last few years.A. falls toB. falls intoC. falls onD. falls in with6. I never heard anyone in my village mention my uncle Tony—I think he was a bit of a _____.A. white elephantB. dark horseC. guinea pigD. black sheep7. The _____ that she suggested for discussion were based on the most recent medical research.A. contributionsB. occupationsC. expostulationsD. amendments8. Rosa used to be quiet and introverted, but now she is _____ being sociable.A. looking forward toB. going back onC. making a point ofD. standing up to9. Mary broke off her engagement to John when she found him often _____ the pretty girls in hisoffice.A. putting up withB. seeing throughC. making fun ofD. philandering with10. Instead of ending up in jail or _____, she was remarkably successful and became one of thewealthiest people in Britain today.A. in the rawB. in the gutterC. in the extremeD. in the fleshp881. As one of the youngest branch managers in the IT company, Mr. Yang is certainly on the_____ of a brilliant career.A. trackB. marginC. courseD. threshold2. In _____ times, human beings did not travel for pleasure, but to find a more favorable climate.A. primeB. primaryC. primitiveD. preliminary3. While it's true that techniques of active listening can _____ the value of lecture, few studentspossess such skills at the beginning of their college careers.A. enhanceB. enlargeC. accessD. exaggerate4. In the library, I found Dabbie was frowning, apparently _____ a word.A. tumbled toB. collided withC. coincided withD. stumped on5. Fierce storms have been _____ rescue efforts and there's now little chance of finding moresurvivors.A. hamperingB. bewilderingC. tanglingD. blundering6. They didn't even give him any sick-pay when he was off ill, which is a fairly _____ way totreat an employee.A. vulnerableB. makeshiftC. shoddyD. backhanded7. It must be realized that large price increase can only _____ demands for even larger wageincrease.A. call offB. trigger offC. make offD. carry off8. When the old lady was back from shopping, she was shocked to find that her house had been_____.A. pawnedB. leasedC. ransackedD. mortgaged9. Since this was my first job interview, I asked _____ about the salary.A. discouraginglyB. diffidentlyC. differentiallyD. diffusely10. The lost car of the Lees was found _____ in the woods off the highway.A. vanishedB. abandonedC. scatteredD. disregarded第106页1. As television continued to command the family hours of the evening, radio found its ownprime time hours in the morning with wake-up shows, bright with music and _____, as well as time and weather announcements.A. chitchatB. hyperstimulationC. collaborationD. spur2. At this conference Trudeau admonished the press as“a pretty lousy lot”for _____ into hisprivate life.A. lapsingB. snoopingC. sneezingD. yawning3. The demoralizing effect on the enemy of such bombing and _____ from planes completelyhidden in a clouded sky was tremendous.A. explosivesB. minesC. barrelsD. barrages4. Three schools in Putney have _____ their resources and order to buy an area of waste groundand turn it into a sports field.A. pooledB. capturedC. suckedD. transcended5. The U.S. economy appeared to function on autopilot during much of 1995 with _____mergers that kept the stock market in a tizzy.A. appallingB. anticipatingC. mind-bogglingD. brain-racking6. After Steve entered the room he _____ the satchel on the label and sat down on the sofa infront of the telly.A. plunked downB. plucked outC. ran amokD. pecked out7. The roads tied _____ regions together, moving the goods and people required to build andmaintain extensive public works.A. full-blownB. far-goneC. far-flungD. far-fetched8. Evidence from drawings of that time indicates that the Egyptians used a _____, probably milk,to reduce the sliding friction and thus increase the efficiency of the inclined planes.A. nutritionB. junkC. queryD. lubricant9. Since last Sunday, the volcano has _____ a giant cloud of ash, dust and gases into the air.A. musteredB. demolishedC. forgedD. spewed10. He _____ together a living from several part-time jobs by running sight-seeing charters, andcollecting dry cleaning.A. hauntsB. cobblesC. flattensD. underscoresp1281. The old lady has developed a _____ cough which can't be cured completely in a short time.A. benignB. permanentC. perpetualD. chronic2. The police were alerted that the murderer might still be in the _____.A. roundB. circumstancesC. vicinityD. track3. Listening to the soft tapping of rain on the roof can _____ a person's nervous tension.A. provokeB. sootheC. retainD. revive4. The _____ the farmer gave on his woodland to a lumber company expires in two years' time.A. premiumB. subsidyC. extinctionD. lease5. It's more important to pave the way for children's desire to know than to put them on a diet offacts they are not ready to _____.A. disperseB. assimilateC. alternateD. affiliate6. Those who dwell, as scientists or laymen, among the beauties and mysteries of the earth, arenever alone or _____ of life.A. wearyB. waryC. cautiousD. callous7. If the freed men had become landowners instead of _____ laborers, their descendants wouldbe prosperous today.A. affluentB. stingyC. impoverishedD. gorgeous8. This cream can be used to treat cuts and bruises and other_____ minor injuries.A. floppyB. sundryC. infirmD. murky9. They _____ agreed to the proposal that hostage-taking be made an international crime.A. incompatiblyB. presumablyC. invariablyD. unanimously10. For reasons of personal safety, the man told the police that he wished to remain _____.A. anonymousB. suspiciousC. conspicuousD. rigorous第143页1. The new rule stipulated that a worker who was _____ three times in one month should bedismissed immediately.A. awkwardB. aloofC. clumsyD. tardy2. At the end of the President’s speech, leaders of both parties announced their full support of thedoctrine he had _____.A. complimentedB. enunciatedC. disguisedD. deprived3. Because of its capacity to _____ numerous substances in large amounts, pure water rarelyoccurs in nature.A. sufficeB. dissolveC. withholdD. recognize4. In Austria he met with President Kurt Waldheim, who remained a figure of controversybecause of his reported _____ in Nazi crimes against Jews and others during World War II.A. caricatureB. complicityC. citadelD. protocol5. When we arrived there we saw many red-and-white streamers floating gently into the outfieldgrass, fireworks _____ overhead.A. boomingB. intoningC. squabblingD. mounting6. The bird put his tiny head to one side and looked up at him with his soft bright eye. Then hehopped about and pecked the earth _____, looking for seeds and insects.A. dubiouslyB. lavishlyC. transientlyD. briskly7. John reached for a cigarette and _____ a little. “We did not think anybody would be stubbornenough to come here in spite of our discouragement.”A. overheardB. chuckledC. generalizedD. jeopardized8. For a moment I thought he was being serious, but then he _____ at me.A. intimidatedB. musedC. reflectedD. winked9. Many of the country’s prosecutors feared the proposal was ultimately aimed at curbing theirconsiderable powers and _____ wrongdoers _____.A. patching…upB. picking…outC. letting…off the hookD. brushing…off10. About half of all children in South Asia and one-third of those in sub-Saharan Africa sufferfrom _____, which usually results from an inadequate intake of essential vitamins and minerals.A. eclipseB. repugnanceC. malnutritionD. revelationp1601. A photograph taken in Bern during Eva Peron's 1947 tour of Europe depicts the _____Argentine first lady, bejeweled and elegantly dressed in a Pads gown.A. spuriousB. glamorousC. clamorousD. proliferous2. Actors on stage bring characters to full life who would _____ have lain inert on the printedpage.A. thereofB. neverthelessC. furthermoreD. otherwise3. Human cloning is probably not _____ because they will be heavily discouraged by manygovernments.A. imminentB. eminentC. efficientD. impeccable4. Snow began to fall at round about the beginning of the New Year and continued on and off for_____ ten days.A. appropriatelyB. exceedinglyC. approximatelyD. apprehensively5. Hungry birds in search of _____ of food made delicate impressions on the surface of thesnow.A. scrapsB. scratchesC. scrapesD. scents6. The glade was pear-shaped, roughly a hundred yards long and fifty yards wide, with a _____pool of rain-water in the center of it.A. randomB. blankC. hollowD. stagnant7. Geraldo's reports exposed the _____ conditions and neglectful, often abusive, treatment of thepatients in the hospital.A. tertiaryB. stationaryC. solitaryD. unsanitary8. After endless difficulty, we managed to catch the horse, but could not get him move and wereobliged to camp in a most _____ spot where we could not light a fire.A. inevitableB. indispensableC. inhabitableD. insatiable9. It's curious how often sympathy for the old and _____ takes a form which actually humiliatesthem.A. infirmB. infamousC. impatientD. ignorant10. After we had waited for ten minutes in the crowded tea shop, the clergyman's son came _____through the door.A. lumberingB. plunderingC. glitteringD. rumbling第178页1. Dissatisfaction with the Labor government now seems to have _____ every section of society.A. heraldedB. permeatedC. conceivedD. scrutinized2. We know these chemicals are dangerous, but their benefits far _____ any risk to theenvironment.A. overtakeB. manipulateC. stockD. outweigh3. All previous attempts to _____ the fighting have failed so why should these proposals be anymore successful?A. compromiseB. haltC. withstandD. sustain4. The president and his supporters are almost certain to read this vote as a _____ for continuedeconomic reform.A. mandateB. assertionC. discourseD. determinism5. She is not satisfied with her job because it provides no _____ for her energies and talents.A. conceptionB. outreachC. outletD. essentialism6. John has been _____ me with drinks all evening—I don’t think I am capable of driving home.A. shiftingB. offeringC. plyingD. crushing7. My second and more _____ reason for going to Dearborn was to see the Henry Ford Museum.A. compellingB. wearyC. perplexingD. worthy8. Scotland’s _____ on Wales in the second half of the match earned them a 4-1 victory.A. impositionB. onslaughtC. pushD. edge9. By the time I left his house he had become pretty hostile; I felt I _____ better than that.A. pursuedB. fosteredC. entitledD. deserved10. Today almost every household has radios, TVs and a whole _____ of gadgets by electricity.A. endeavorB. hostC. supplyD. facultyp1931. Taking more than the recommended dose of tablets is quite _____.A. hilariousB. perilousC. surreptitiousD. hideous2. Even the best medical treatment can not cure all the ills that _____ men and women.A. beseechB. bestowC. bewitchD. beset3. The field of medicine has always attracted its share of quacks—that is, _____ women andmen with little or no medical knowledge.A. disreputableB. disguisedC. distinguishedD. dissoluble4. The reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans is that there is sharpdifference in appearance between them and their white _____.A. consultantsB. counterpartsC. culpritsD. conservatives5. All the questions _____ around what she had been doing on the night of the robbery.A. resolvedB. revokedC. revolvedD. revived6. We tried to drive our horse into the river, but he simply could not _____.A. trudgeB. surgeC. budgeD. dredge7. The experiments _____ that in overpopulated communities, mother rats do not behavenormally.A. defiedB. verifiedC. purifiedD. intensified8. The aim of the president's speech was to convince still reluctant countries of the greatnecessity of imposing sanctions against the countries that _____ terrorists.A. kidnappedB. harassedC. heckledD. harbored9. In other words, we discovered a _____ of effects from the power failure, each becoming thecause of the next.A. successionB. recessionC. processionD. secession10. In establishing or _____ a causal relation, it is usually necessary to show the process by whichthe alleged cause produces the effect.A. reframingB. redeemingC. refutingD. redressingp2091. We looked out across a river valley to the broad snow-white ridge of Mount Ararat, its peak_____ against the blue sky.A. galvanizingB. exhilaratingC. incandescentD. unreachable2. Would you care for some tea, or even a light meal, to _____ yourself before setting off for anew adventure?A. colorB. foregoC. boostD. fortify3. The company she was working for was failing so she decided to _____ and set up her ownbusiness with a friend.A. deal outB. bail outC. hold outD. fall out4. Fisher was given a _____ in the marketing section before a decision was made about hisfuture.A. tryoutB. momentumC. convictionD. permissiveness5. This is one of the few jobs you can do in this place and _____ being completely drunk.A. contribute toB. get away withC. make forD. try on6. The lieutenant general has got such an enormous _____ —I've never known anyone so full ofthemselves!A. humilityB. illusionC. altruismD. ego7. Before becoming a _____ director, Jason had worked as a film critic for a magazine for anumber of years.A. full blownB. lovelornC. grown upD. rootless8. According to a survey of 250 high schools, the _____ rate among students is currently one infive.A. alterationB. dropoutC. impulseD. denial9. Please don't be so depressed; I'm sure things will start to _____ for the motor trade in thecoming year.A. look upB. dredge upC. take holdD. sell out10. After a heated debate, the Parliament voted to impose a two-year _____ on nuclear weaponstesting.A. curfewB. strainC. settlementD. moratoriump2251. Even in those schools, which have tried to enforce no smoking by _____ punishment, there'sas much smoking as in other schools.A. cordialB. contingentC. convertibleD. corporal2. People who have such an addiction are _____; i.e., they have a very powerful psychologicalneed that they feel they must satisfy.A. compulsoryB. compulsiveC. comprehensiveD. consistent3. Those living in countries with long dark winters are apt to be less talkative and less sociablethan inhabitants of countries where the climate is more _____.A. excessiveB. equivalentC. equableD. exquisite4. Jill was seriously injured and for days he _____ between life and death.A. hoveredB. hewedC. hobbledD. huddled5. Professor Smith has already retired, but his teachings still _____ a strong influence on hisstudents.A. executeB. forsakeC. exertD. forge6. This is but a _____ of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored.A. frictionB. fractionC. factionD. fracture7. The country has been faced with a _____ problem of unemployment since the newly-electedPresident came into power.A. saggingB. joggingC. loggingD. nagging8. The English language is capable of expressing many subtle _____ of meanings.A. shallowsB. sermonsC. shadesD. shadows9. It's established that everyone has over a thousand dreams a year, however, few of these _____productions are remembered during waking hours.A. tacitB. stringentC. nocturnalD. mawkish10. The belief that you should own your house is deeply _____ in British society.A. ingrainedB. inflictedC. afflictedD. enragedp2401. Chris decided to divorce Pat because he often _____ a girl young enough to be his daughter.A. brought upB. stood up forC. took advantage ofD. played around with2. Generations of women in this part of the world were _____ by poverty, by religion and bytradition.A. acquiredB. undergoneC. enslavedD. bolstered3. My neighbor is always complaining about his secondhand ear--he doesn't know when he's_____.A. celebratedB. well offC. deceptiveD. well-founded4. It is becoming abundantly clear that, unless I make some determined move, I will become apermanent _____ in the machine.A. cogB. modelC. victimD. conductor5. The recent fall in house prices has _____ disaster for many people who want to sell theirhouses.A. speltB. avertedC. resolvedD. transformed6. I told my sister I'd lend her my new shirt if she let me borrow her jacket, but she didn't rise tothe _____.A. baitB. maskC. obligationD. compromise7. My husband ate a _____ breakfast before he set off for his remote farmhouse.A. primeB. heartyC. convenientD. heady8. Yesterday morning when she said she was going to leave him for good, he thought it was onlya _____.A. blissB. sacrificeC. bluffD. consequence9. Alice was _____ with grief when she heard her husband died in a plane crash.A. above herselfB. in touchC. in lineD. beside herself10. Due to an _____ by my bank, there was less money in my account than there should havebeen.A. intentB. oversightC. indecisionD. engagementp2561. We are now in a world where the speed at which you distribute information often means thedifference between success and failure, and immediacy _____ quality.A. supervisesB. supplementsC. supersedesD. scandalizes2. A teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitude because her influence can be _____ if shehas personal prejudices.A. delectableB. deleteriousC. meritoriousD. deliberate3. The _____ anthropologist George Murdock has listed seventy-three items that characterizeevery known culture, past and present.A. eminentB. imminentC. reminiscentD. legitimate4. These computer hackers skip school and lose contact with friends; they may even _____personal hygiene.A. forgeB. furrowC. forgoD. fortify5. Education _____ the conviction that you can always learn something new.A. installsB. instillsC. fulfillsD. imbues6. Sadly, the Giant Panda is one of the many species now in danger of _____.A. immigrationB. extinctionC. distinctionD. extraction7. Jane was in a _____ as to whether to marry Paul, who was poor, or Charles, who was ugly.A. paradoxB. stigmaC. dilemmaD. predication8. Most public places are simply not _____ to the needs of people with a physical handicap.A. desertedB. dwelledC. motivatedD. geared9. People who like to wear red dresses are more likely to be talkative and _____.A. vivaciousB. introvertedC. lucrativeD. perilous10. The _____ who had isolated himself from the outside world for over ten years was found deadin his hamlet.A. miserB. hermitC. pauperD. vegetarian274页。

要善于恭维他人，重要的一步就是要懂得为什么恭维会有助于你建立更好的人际关系。

恭维之所以奏效，最根本的原因是恭维符合了人类行为的一个基本原则：人们渴望得到赏识。

尽管文化背景各不相同，但绝大多数人都有类似的想法。

在亚洲文化中，人们对群体赏识的渴求一般要强于对个体赏识的渴求。

但不管怎样，人们渴望赏识是普遍存在的。

很多人认为，工作本身带来的乐趣要比外界赏识包括恭维更为重要。

工作的乐趣也许是一种巨大的动力，但是即使是那些从工作中得到极大乐趣的人如科学家、艺术家、摄影师也渴望得到恭维和认可，否则他们就不会去竞争诺贝尔奖或在重要的展览会上展示他们的作品了。

恭维之所以奏效，还因为他与人们对认可的正常需要有关。

尽管有一些关于恭维的书和文章问世，并对恭维极力进行宣扬，但是大多数人还是没有得到应有的赏识。

很多人无论在工作上或在家里都很少受到赞美，所以对认可的渴求就更加强烈了。

An important step in becoming an effective flatterer is to understand why flattery helps you establish better relationships with others. The root cause of the power of flattery gets at a basic principle of human behavior: People crave being appreciated., The vast majority of people are of the similar idea despite different cultures. In Asian cultures the desire for group recognition is generally stronger than the desire for individual recognition. Nevertheless, the need for recognition is present.Many people hold that the joy of work itself is more important than external recognition, including flattery. The joy of work may be a powerful motivator, but even those who get the biggest joy from their work--- such as scientists, artists, and photographers --- crave flattery and recognition. Otherwise they wouldn’t compete for Nobel Prizes or enter their work in important exhibitions.Another reason flattery is so effective relates to the normal need to be recognized. Although some articles and books have been written and preached zealously about flattery, most people receive less recognition than they deserve. Many people hardly ever receive compliments either on the job or at home, thus intensifying their demand for recognition.认可：recognition 恭维：flattery 赞美：compliment鲜花是最常送的礼物之一。

研究生英语研究生高级英语教师用书主编曾建彬黄莺编委（以汉语拼音为序）范若恩谷红欣顾乡何静黄莺刘雯卢玉玲夏威雍毅曾建彬张宁宁赵蓉前言《研究生英语》和《研究生高级英语》是复旦大学研究生课程及教材建设重点资助项目，受到了复旦大学研究生院和上海市重点学科建设项目“英语语言文学”项目的资助。

该教材根据中国学生的英语学习需求，采用“博采众长，学以致用”的编写原则，在教材编写中汲取各种有效的英语教学理论和实践方法，为了适应研究生英语课程改革和创新的需要编写而成。

《研究生英语》供非英语专业硕士研究生第一外国语（英语）课程使用，《研究生高级英语》供非英语专业博士硕士研究生第一外国语（英语）课程使用。

本书为《研究生英语》和《研究生高级英语》教学参考书的合订本，提供课后练习的参考答案、课文参考译文，以及翻译练习的参考答案，供教师备课参考之用。

本书由《研究生英语》和《研究生高级英语》编委负责编写（以汉语拼音为序）：范若恩、谷红欣、顾乡、何静、黄莺、刘雯、卢玉玲、夏威、雍毅、曾建彬、张宁宁、赵蓉，均为复旦大学外文学院研究生英语教学部教师。

本书在编写的过程中得到了复旦大学研究生院和复旦大学出版社的大力支持，在此表示衷心的感谢。

由于编写人员教学任务重、时间紧、水平有限，教材中的错误及不妥之处在所难免，敬请读者提出宝贵的意见。

编者2011年12月使用说明本书为《研究生英语》和《研究生高级英语》教学参考书的合订本，供非英语专业硕士研究生和博士研究生教学的英语教师参考使用，内容包括《研究生英语》和《研究生综合英语》课文的背景材料、练习答案以及参考译文等。

还包括各单元的补充阅读和翻译练习的参考答案。

关于课文（Text）有以下内容：1．背景材料(Background Information)，包括作者介绍、与课文内容相关的英语国家文化、社会生活和风土人情等背景知识。

2．课文练习答案(Key to Exercises)，包括课后练习V ocabulary Study和Cloze的参考答案。

Unit 1 --------mirage [mi'rɑ:ʒ] n. 海市蜃楼；幻想，妄想illusion [i'lu:ʒən] n. 幻觉，错觉；错误的观念或信仰con [kɒn] n. 反对票；反对论prep. 以…vt. 精读；默记adj. 欺诈的adv. 反面地infallible [in'fæləbl] adj. 绝无错误的, 绝对可靠的squarely ['skwɛəli] adv. 成方形地, 成直角地, 直接地, 坚定地prospect ['prɔspekt] n.希望,前景,景色v.勘探,寻找rip [rip] vt.撕裂,扯开n.裂口,裂缝,撕裂flabby ['flæbi] adj. 软弱的, 没气力的, 不稳的conversely adv. 相反地seedy ['si:di] adj. 多种子的；结籽的；破烂的；没精打采的；下流的greasy ['gri:zi] adj. 油腻的；含脂肪多的；谄媚的streetwalker n.娼妓；拉客妓女call girl n. 电话应召女郎aforementioned [ə'fɔ:'menʃənd] adj. 上述的；前面提及的devious ['di:viəs] adj. 偏僻的；弯曲的；不光明正大的hitchhiker ['hitʃhaikə] n. 搭便车的旅行者, 短篇广告, 顺便插入的广告snap [snæp] adj.突然的, 匆忙的erroneous [i'rəuniəs] adj. 错误的, 不正确的devastating ['devəsteitiŋ] adj.毁灭性的, 破坏性的, 惊人的, 压倒性的, 有魅力的v. 破坏granted adv. 假定，假设eloquent ['eləkwənt] adj. 雄辩的, 有口才的, 动人的magnetic [mæg'netik] adj.有磁性的, 有吸引力的romp [rɔmp] vi. 嬉闹玩笑, 欢快地迅速奔跑vi. 轻易地取得胜利unassuming ['ʌnə'sju:miŋ] adj. 谦逊的, 不装腔作势的glib [glib] adj. 能说善道的, (说话)不假思索的, 轻易随口的extroverted adj. 性格外向的；外向性的；喜社交的flamboyant [flæm'bɔiənt] adj.艳丽的,炫耀的turnover n. 翻覆；[贸易] 营业额；流通量；半圆卷饼；失误adj. 翻过来的；可翻转的unwarranted ['ʌn'wɔrəntid] adj. 无根据的, 未经授权的, 无保证的attorney n. 律师；代理人root canal n. 牙根管, 牙根管填充手术sedan [si'dæn] n. (美)厢式小轿车, 单舱汽艇, 轿子window-dressing n. 装门面措施；弄虚作假vt. 布置橱窗；装饰门面rapport [ræ'pɔ:t] n.关系, 亲善, 一致in quest for 追求what about 怎么样；（对于）…怎么样stem from源于, 来自于take to 喜欢；走向；开始从事count on ['kauntɔn] 依靠, 指望Unit 5 ---------mount [maunt] v.登上,爬上, 装上, 上升en route 在途中ultimatum [ˌʌlti'meitəm] n. 最后通牒chronic adj. 慢性的；长期的；习惯性的tardiness ['tɑ:dinis] n. 缓慢, 迟延clamp [klæmp] vt.夹住, 强加, 压制riot ['raiət] n.暴乱, 骚乱, 喧闹Escalate vi. 逐步增强；逐步升高squabble ['skwɔbl] n. 争论, 口角airborne ['ɛəbɔ:n] adj.空运的, 空中传播的, 起飞后在飞行中intone [in'təun] v.吟咏,吟诵enlist [in'list] vt.征募, 使入伍,获得...支持charity ['tʃæriti] n.慈善, 宽厚, 慈善机关(团体), 仁慈drive n. 运动;宣传活动de rigueure adj. 礼节需要的；社交礼仪上必要的draft [dræft] n.草稿, 草图, 汇票, 征兵vt.起草, 征兵, 选秀tightrope ['taitrəup] n. 拉紧的绳索, 极其危险的处境enunciate [i'nʌnsieit] v. 发音, (清楚地)表达one-liner n. 小笑话，俏皮话truculent ['trʌkjulənt] adj. 野蛮的, 粗野的, 残酷的buttress ['bʌtris] n. 扶墙, 拱壁vt. 支持caricature ['kærikətʃuə] n.讽刺画, 讽刺, 歪曲, 笨拙的模仿guise [gaiz] n. 装束, 外观, 伪装, 借口gag n. 塞口物；讨论终结；箝制言论vt. 塞住…的口；钳制…的言论；使窒息vi. 插科打诨；窒息；作呕n. (Gag)人名；(英)加格suffice vt. 使满足；足够…用；合格vi. 足够；有能力blitz [blits] n. 闪击战bolster ['bəulstə] vt.支持, 鼓励foster ['fɔstə] vt.领养, 培养, 促进, 鼓励, 抱有（希望等）citadel ['sitədl] n. 城堡, 要塞aloofness [ə'lu:fnis] n.冷漠;远离anecdote ['ænikdəut] n.轶事, 奇闻contagion [kən'teidʒən] n. 传染病, 接触传染, 蔓延defiant [di'faiənt] adj. 挑衅的, 目中无人protocol n. 协议；草案；礼仪implore v. 恳求，哀求ladle ['leidl] vt. 不分对象予以赠送；以杓舀取Unit 6 --------theologian n 神学bioethicist n 生物医学permeate vt 渗透op-ed adj 社论对页版mammary adj 乳腺的nascent adj 开始存在的atheist n 无神论者inundate vt 应接不暇pharmaceutical adj 制药的insulin n 胰岛素essentialism n 本质先于存在论reiterate vt 重申；反复的做uterine adj 子宫的transfix vt 使惊呆determinism n 决定论ply vt 使用；从事某行业juggernaut n 重型卡车mandate n 任期onslaught n 猛攻；突击docile adj 温顺的；驯服的；容易教的a host of 大量的grapple with v 扭打；努力克服be entitle to 有权；有……的资格walk of life 社会阶层Unit 8 --------populate ['pɔpjuleit] v. 构成人口, 居住于deceptive [di'septiv] adj.骗人的, 虚伪的,诈欺的masculine ['mæskjulin] adj.男性的, 有男子气概的, 阳性的bracket ['brækit] n.支架, 托架, 括弧falsify ['fɔ:lsifai] vt.伪造, 歪曲enslave [in'sleiv] vt. 使做奴隶, 使处于奴役的状态cog [kɔg] n. 齿oversight ['əuvəsait] n. 疏忽, 失察, 监管, 看管spur [spə:] vt.刺激, 鞭策,促进flirt [flə:t] vi.调情, 玩弄, 掠过,轻率对待demotion [di'məuʃən] n.降级,降职,降等banter ['bæntə]n/ v. 戏弄, 开玩笑scarlet ['skɑ:lit] n/adj.猩红, 绯红色, 红衣dissect [di'sekt] v. 解剖, 切细, 仔细研究, 详细分析bluff [blʌf] v/n. 虚张声势abysmally [ə'bizməli] adv. 深不可测地, 极坏地bait [beit] n.饵, 引诱vt.以饵引诱, 放饵, 逗弄magnate ['mægneit] n. 巨头orchestra ['ɔ:kistrə] n.管弦乐队zenith ['zi:niθ] n. 顶点, 天顶, 全盛becomingly adj. 合适的, 适宜的; 有吸引力的; 好看的prima ballerina ['pri:məˌbælə'rinə]首席女舞者；芭蕾舞团的首席女演员mastermind n.才华横溢的人; 策划者; 智囊v.指导, 策划, 主持obliterate [ə'blitəreit] v. 涂去, 擦去, 删除to all intents 所有意图at every turn adv. 事事；到处as opposed to 而不是mark time 停顿不前at stake 危如累卵；处于危险中；在紧要关头come by vt. 得到；从旁走过exert oneself 努力；尽力in the nick of time 及时；恰好二、Unit 2--------cognac n. 法国白兰地perspicacious adj. 有洞察力的；聪颖的；敏锐的betoken vt. 预示；表示nicety n. 精密；美好；细节；拘泥细节ritualistic adj. 仪式的；固守仪式的；惯例的explicitly adv. 明确地；明白地one-up vt. 领先于……，胜过canoe n. 独木舟；轻舟reciprocity n. 相互作用（复数reciprocities）；相互性；互惠主义rhetoric n. 修辞，修辞学；华丽的词藻benefactor n. 恩人；捐助者；施主hooker n. 妓女；渔船frill n. 装饰；褶边vt. 折成皱边vi. 起边皱frivolous adj. 无聊的；轻佻的；琐碎的wont n. 习惯；惯常活动prone adj. 俯卧的；有…倾向的，易于…的cliche n. 陈词滥调；[印刷] 铅版；陈腐思想adj. 陈腐的fabulous adj. 难以置信的；传说的，寓言中的；极好的tacky adj. 俗气的；发黏的；缺乏教养或风度的ego n. 自我；自负；自我意识pamper vt. 纵容；使…过量；给…吃得过多n. (Pamper)人名；(德)潘佩尔altruism n. 利他；利他主义altruist n. 爱他主义者；利他主义者dispense vi. 免除，豁免vt. 分配，分发；免除；执行largess n. 慷慨的赠予；赠品philanthropic adj. 博爱的；仁慈的donee n. 受赠者，[经] 受赠人callow adj. 年轻而无经验的；羽毛未丰的fast n. 斋戒；绝食austere adj. 严峻的；简朴的；苦行的；无装饰的charisma n. 魅力；神授的能力；非凡的领导力dime n. 一角硬币donor n. 捐赠者；供者；赠送人adj. 捐献的；经人工授精出生的chisel n. 凿子vt. 雕，刻；凿；欺骗vi. 雕，刻；凿；欺骗cynic n. 愤世嫉俗者；犬儒学派的人ironist n. 讽刺家；讽刺作家neurosis n. [心理] 神经症；神经衰弱症conduit n. [电] 导管；沟渠；导水管out of proportion 不成比例get down to 开始认真考虑；着手处理paper over 用纸遮盖；糊上纸；掩盖；掩饰；粉饰do a good turn 做好事wind up 结束；使紧张；卷起；（非正式）忽悠某人（wind sb up）measure up 合格；符合标准Unit4--------euthanasia n. 安乐死；安乐死术cessation n. 停止；中止；中断humanitarian n. 人道主义者；慈善家；博爱主义者；基督凡人论者adj. 人道主义的；博爱的；基督凡人论的syndrome n. [临床] 综合征；综合症状；并发症状；校验子；并发位pediatric adj. 小儿科的congenital adj. 先天的，天生的；天赋的intestinal adj. 肠的obstruction n. 障碍；阻碍；妨碍scalpel n. 解剖刀；外科手术刀dehydration n. 脱水patently adv. 明显地；公然地；明白地prohibitively adv. 禁止地；过高地；过分地thrash n. 打谷；逆风浪行进；踢水动作vt. 打；使逆行vi. 打谷；白忙；猛烈摆动deranged adj. 疯狂的；精神错乱的grotesque n. 奇异风格；怪异的东西adj. 奇形怪状的；奇怪的；可笑的perversion n. 反常；颠倒；曲解；误用；堕落conflate vt. 合并；异文合并appraisal n. 评价；估价（尤指估价财产，以便征税）；估计sadistic adj. 虐待狂的；残酷成性的Unit 5--------scepticism n. 怀疑；怀疑论；怀疑主义fallacy n. 谬论，谬误hitherto adv. 迄今；至今totter n. 蹒跚的步子vi. 蹒跚；踉跄arduous adj. 努力的；费力的；险峻的toil n. 辛苦；苦工；网；圈套vt. 费力地做；使…过度劳累vi. 辛苦工作；艰难地行进indubitable adj. 不容置疑的；明确的folly n. 愚蠢；荒唐事；讽刺剧exterminate vt. 消灭；根除sober adj. 冷静的，清醒的；未醉的vt. 使严肃；使醒酒，使清醒fatalistically 宿命论ascertain vt. 确定；查明；探知pestilence n. 瘟疫（尤指鼠疫）；有害的事物creed n. 信条，教义discord n. 不和；不调和；嘈杂声vi. 不一致；刺耳epoch n. [地质] 世；新纪元；新时代；时间上的一点tyranny n. 暴政；专横；严酷；残暴的行为（需用复数）interlude n. 插曲；穿插；幕间节目；[数] 插算potent adj. 有效的；强有力的，有权势的；有说服力的gospel n. 真理；信条wholeheartedness n. 全神贯注；全心全意metaphor n. 暗喻，隐喻；比喻说法preclude vt. 排除；妨碍；阻止synthesis n. 综合，[化学] 合成；综合体elude vt. 逃避，躲避grimly adv. 可怕地；冷酷地；严格地garb n. 服装；装束；打扮vt. 装扮；穿衣treachery n. 背叛；变节；背叛行为perpetual adj. 永久的；不断的；四季开花的；无期限的allegiance n. 效忠，忠诚；忠贞mundane adj. 世俗的，平凡的；世界的，宇宙的Unit 7--------misty-eyed adj. 含泪的；感伤的quip n. 妙语；嘲弄；讽刺语vi. 嘲弄；讥讽vt. 嘲弄snob n. 势利小人，势利眼；假内行chariot n. 二轮战车vi. 乘战车；驾驭战车arbiter n. [法] 仲裁者；裁决人enticement n. 诱惑；怂恿；引诱物；吸引力nude adj. 裸的，裸体的；无装饰的；与生俱有的buck n. （美）钱，元；雄鹿；纨绔子弟；年轻的印第安人或黑drachma n. 古希腊的重量单位；古希腊的银币名sprint n. 冲刺；短跑vt. 全速奔跑vi. 冲刺，全速跑absolve vt. 免除；赦免；宣告…无罪ferocious adj. 残忍的；惊人的besmirch vt. 弄污；损害；诽谤iconoclastic adj. 打破旧习的；偶像破坏的anecdote n. 轶事；奇闻；秘史nonetheless conj. 尽管如此，但是shenanigan n. 恶作剧；诡计fortify vt. 加强；增强；（酒）的酒精含量；设防于vi. 筑防御工事swig n. 痛饮，大喝；牛饮ominous adj. 预兆的；不吉利的stimulant n. [药] 兴奋剂；刺激物；酒精饮料strychnine n. 士的宁；番木鳖碱tape n. 胶带；磁带；带子；卷尺vt. 录音；用带子捆扎；用胶布把…封住vi. 用磁带录音pentathlon n. 五项运动；五项全能运动epee n. 重剑；尖剑术hormone n. [生理] 激素，荷尔蒙conjecture n. 推测；猜想impersonator n. 演员；模拟艺人bleak adj. 阴冷的；荒凉的，无遮蔽的；黯淡的，无希望的；冷酷的；单调的skulduggery n. 作假；欺诈；诡计frailty n. 虚弱；弱点；意志薄弱roll around 流逝；周而复始fair play 公平竞争；公平比赛；平等对待by fair means or foul 不择手段地take a dive 假装被击倒jump the gun 偷跑；行动过早；未听发令枪就起跑neck to neck 并驾齐驱fork over 付出hail from （车、船）来自；（人）出生于in honor 为了纪念；向…表示敬意fair and square 光明正大地；诚实地under one’s own steam 下一个的蒸汽cramp up 抽筋go off 离开；进行；变质；睡去。