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托福模拟考试题语法与改错题汇集（二）___：rinehart 时间：xx-06-24 Comparatively few cities inthe United States have peting newspapers today. a ___jor change from 1900 ____ more than two newspapers. A. because then most large cities having B. when did most large cities have C. then most large cities that had D. when most large cities had___：nickelli 时间：xx-06-25 我觉得选D,但题目好像有点毛病___：callasun 时间：xx-06-25 98,5的题吧? 题目没问题,但today后是逗号吧?呵呵空格前完整句,后应该接从句 A是从句中没谓动,B语序错,C状从连接词错.___：iamyoyo 时间：xx-06-25 1 ( )helped form the principles which were to later affect the American constitution. b. Both colonial characteristics and their values d.The values of colonial characteristics why not d? 2 The sun hasyellow-gold rays because (we) are viewing (it) through the earth s atmosphere but judging (from its) su ___ ___ temperature, the sun s rays (are probably) closer to white.___：callasun 时间：xx-06-25 主谓一致 values是价值观的意思___：iamyoyo 时间：xx-06-25 谢！：）可是。
托福写作常见错误及改正托福写作是考察考生英文写作能力的重要部分，但很多考生在备考过程中常常犯一些常见的错误。
本文将针对这些错误进行详细分析，并提供改正方法，以帮助考生顺利应对托福写作考试。
错误一：语法错误很多考生在写作过程中经常犯语法错误，这可能导致文章不流畅，降低得分。
解决这个问题的方法是加强语法的学习和练习，熟悉常见的语法规则和句型结构，并在写作前多加练习。
错误二：使用过于复杂的词汇有些考生为了显示自己的词汇量，常常使用过于复杂或者不太确切的词汇。
这样做容易引起理解上的困惑，并让文章显得不自然。
改正这个错误的方法是在写作中使用简洁清晰的词汇，避免过度夸张或者过于晦涩的表达。
错误三：缺乏提纲在托福写作中，过于匆忙地开始写作，没有一个清晰的提纲，很容易导致思路混乱和文章结构不清晰。
解决这个问题的方法是在写作前花一些时间构思提纲，明确每个段落的主题，确保文章逻辑清晰、层次分明。
错误四：篇幅不足有些考生为了节省时间，写得太简短，致使内容不充分，无法充分展开观点并进行充分的论证。
改正这个错误的方法是在写作之前规划好篇幅，充分展开每个观点，确保文章有足够的内容来支持论点。
错误五：观点不明确托福写作要求考生对于观点有清晰的表达，但有些考生对于自己的观点不够明确，或者在表达观点时含糊不清。
解决这个问题的方法是在写作之前先明确自己的立场和观点，并用清晰的语言进行表达。
错误六：没有充分的论证和举例托福写作要求考生能够提供充分的论证和例证来支持自己的观点，但有些考生在写作时缺乏相关的论证和举例。
改正这个错误的方法是在每个观点之后提供具体的例子或者事实来支持，增强文章的说服力。
错误七：无法准确理解题目有些考生在写作时没有准确理解题目的要求，从而导致偏离主题或者未能全面回答问题。
解决这个问题的方法是仔细阅读题目，确保准确理解题目的要求，并在写作时紧密围绕主题展开论述。
通过改正以上常见错误，考生可以提高托福写作的表达能力和得分。
六、⽐较级和级 ⽐较级和级的出题⾮常有规则，⼀共有5个出题⽅向，并且每次考试必然考两个 (⼀) ⽐较级或级形式上的重复 例：The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which A involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. B C D 分析：A错，应改为easiest。
easiest本⾝已是级，不必再⽤most，这是级形式上的重复 (⼆)⽐较级和级之间的混⽤ 例：The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses. A B C D 分析：B错，应改为most plentiful。
plentiful是多⾳节形容词，须在前⾯加most构成级。
例：The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere A B C D is the grizzly bear. 分析：A错，应该⽤级most，含有介词of, among, in 表⽰的范围状语使⽤级。
(三)⽐较词than的前⾯⼀定要有⽐较级 改错题中，通常会看见than前⾯有⼀个原级 例：Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with A B concepts of time and space than stage directors can. C D 分析：B错，应改为greater。
根据后⾯有than⼀词可以判定前⾯的形容词⽤⽐较级形式，注意far, much 修饰⽐较级。
(四)在as…as以及否定not so…as, not as…as的中间使⽤形容词原级 as sweeter as, 这是不对的，应改为as sweet as (五)the 和⽐较级级的关系 ①、⽐较级前⾯可以出现the, 修饰后⾯的名词 the taller boy ②、副词的级加不加the均可以 例：Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed A B prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is abundant, and humidity is moderate. C D 分析：副词的级加不加the均可，所以A正确，从从句的主语可以看出，B应该改为they ③、形容词的级作定语前⾯必须使⽤the, 如果不作定语的话，加不加the均可以 例：Of all the Native Americans in the United States, A B C the Navajos form largest group. D 分析：D错，应改为form the largest。
【写作资料】托福写作常见病句及改进50例高手支招：改进托福写作常见病句50例~需要的来学学吧……1. The artist’s work pushes our civilization to a higher level。
改进：Artists’ work upgrades our civilization。
2. For example， you work in a big factory。
改进： Suppose you work in a big factory。
3. You’ll find you are fit for business and you can make it your main job。
改进：You’ll find that you are cut out for business and you can make it your career。
4. We will own nothing at all if we depend on luck。
改进： We will get nowhere if we rely on luck。
5. He will get a higher salary to improve his living level。
改进： He will get a higher salary， thus improving his life。
6. Their brain is still very young。
改进： They are still immature。
7. Dissatisfaction makes people produce desire for better things。
改进： Dissatisfaction impels people for the better。
8. They can’t analyze clearly what is right and what is wrong。
托福写作常见问题与解答在托福考试中，写作部分常常让考生感到困扰。
本文将探讨托福写作中常见的问题，并提供相应的解答，帮助考生更好地应对这一挑战。
一、语法错误语法错误是托福写作中常见且严重的问题之一。
考生可能会在时态、主谓一致、冠词使用等方面出现失误。
时态混乱是一个突出的问题。
例如，在描述过去的事件时，错误地使用了现在时态，或者在叙述一般情况时，没有保持时态的一致性。
主谓不一致也时有发生，如“ The number of students is increasing, but the quality of education are not improving ” 这里主语是“ The number of students ”，是单数概念，谓语动词应该用“ is ”，而“ the quality of education ”也是单数，谓语动词应该是“ is not improving ”。
冠词的错误使用，如“ I had a wonderful day I went to a park and sawan beautiful flower ” 这里“ an beautiful flower ”应该是“ a beautifulflower ”，因为“ beautiful ”发音不是以元音开头。
解决语法错误的方法首先是要系统学习语法知识，掌握常见的语法规则和易错点。
其次，在写作练习后，认真检查和修改自己的文章，也可以请老师或同学帮忙批改。
二、词汇匮乏词汇量不足或使用不当会影响文章的质量和表达效果。
一些考生在写作时反复使用相同的词汇，导致文章显得单调乏味。
例如，在表达“重要”这个意思时，通篇只使用“ important ”，而不知道“ significant ”“ crucial ”“ essential ”等同样可以表达该意思的词汇。
另外，词汇使用不当也较为常见。
比如，“ The accident caused a lotof damages ” 这里“ damages ”通常用于复数形式表示“损害赔偿金”，而表示“损害、破坏”应该用“ damage ”。
TOEFL考试各类常见语法类错题归纳(2)单数可数名词前必有限定词：冠词/形容词性物主代词/所有格/指示代词/不定代词介词加可数名词单数为错，动词加可数名词单数为错表示职务身份亲戚的名词可以单独使用表类别可以：a kind of car in+名词：in size in function in shape in color in stage in medical science要加定冠词：独一无二的事物：the sun the moon the room the summer place adj级只有做前置定语时才加the(most前不一定加the)序数词只有做前置定语时才加the second to sth人体或者普通人：the human body, the common person/the average person河流，湖泊海洋前加the in history/ in the history of sth气体元素学科前不加the乐器前加the that前有插入语的时候，允许,存在主谓一致：随前一致，n together with n, as well as, including, along就近，or, either or, neither nor most/majority/half/some/rest/one percent of决定于后面的名词单复随后一致，not A but B, not only but also many a/more than one +单数n+单数vin general/often+一般现在时，一般过去时S+insist/require+that+S+(should)+V:should必须省S make it imperative that+S+V(原型)Have done by永远错主动态动词：prove rank seem range weigh happen occur appear date back to被动态动词：be noted for be based on be composed of be concered for be know for be dedicated to be credited for/withbid let make have +sb +dobe easy/difficult/had/simple to solve：主动表被动V also V/ n also n错n+daj可做独立主格：Her A was always clean, her color fresh and bright宾语从句引导词that可以省略are sold at the price (that) common people can afford chemical可做名词from…until…介词后除了in that不能接thathave proven to be正确句首分词做状语，注意是主动还是被动动词不定式的固定用法：表目的名词，the purpose,object,aim,goal,reason,function,intension to do ability to do, attempt to do, decision to do, be ambitious to doeven, despite, in spite of, during, instead无法连接句子副词级不一定加the, the flies live longestearliest time, earliest age正确not only+主谓, but also+主谓正确not only+主谓, but also+谓错误ly结尾的形容词：heavenly orderly disorderly earthly leisurely brotherly costly kindly deadly manly同时是形容词和名词：initiative na?ve representative detective human classic characteristic additive explosive chemical favorite periodicalact on/feed on/comment on/rest on/interfere with/lie in/differ from (in) /think of…as…/originate in(from) /be credited with/be skilled (skillful) in(at) doing/becomposed of/常接动名词的动词(完整版，参考了王海波和铁岭两个人的笔记)：appraciate/avoid /admit /be capable of/ celebrate/consider/forgive/finish/favor/fancy/delay/deny/dislike/escape/enjoy/imagine/include/involve/justify/mind/miss/permit/postpone/practice/resent/resist/risk/suggest/tolerate/quit/give up/spend【。
⼋、词序的颠倒来源：考试⼤词序的颠倒⼀般只考⼀道，90%的情况集中于下⾯三个出题⽅向(⼀) 先说形容词，再说名词例：The Medal of Honor is the highest award military for courage A B that can be given to any individual in the United States. C D 分析：B错，军事的荣誉是military award⽽不是award military，单个形容词修饰名词时⼀般放在被修饰词的前⾯。
(⼆) 副词+形容词+名词来源：考试⼤例：Certain types of computers work properly only A B in environments with controlled precisely temperatures. C D分析：D错，应改为precisely controlled，精确的被控制的温度。
controlled为过去分词⽤作形容词，修饰它的副词应放在其前⾯，它⾃⼰则要紧挨着被修饰的名词。
(三)主语系动词, 系动词 + 表语来源：考试⼤例：During the 1600's skilled shoemakers scarce were A B C in what is now the United States. D分析：C错，应改为were scarce。
表语应该放在系动词后⾯。
所有的系动词分为三⼤类：来源：考试⼤第⼀种：表⽰保持某种状态，来源：考试⼤ is, remain, keep, stay, lie, exit(表⽰位于)第⼆种，从⼀种状态转变到另⼀种状态来源：考试⼤ become, turn, grow, get (It is getting warmer and warmer)第三种，感官动词 seem(好像是)来源：考试⼤ look(看起来好像是) feel, sound, appear, smell, tasteenough修饰形容词或副词时，⼀般放在形容词或副词后⾯。
英语考试作文托福写作常见语法错误汇总来看看你遇到过几个？备考托福写作一定要打好语法基础，如果写作中出现太过明显的语法错误肯定会影响写作成绩。
下面，为大家整理了6类托福写作中常见的语法错误，希望大家在写作中能够避免。
1. 托福写作常见语法错误之句子缺少连词两个句子之间不能只用逗号连接，要有连词。
误：My sister loves to dance， she is very good at it.2. 托福写作常见语法错误之句式不平行句子中并列的成分应该是相同的结构。
误：I like to eat Japanese and eating Thai food.(eating-> eat)误：Teenagers are more influenced by their peers than their parents.(than their parents-> than by their parents)3. 托福写作常见语法错误之句子不完整句子缺少主语或谓语。
误：Because some necessary procedures such as transporting the factories， modifying equipment or planting more trees.4. 托福写作常见语法错误之句意重复或冗余误：The low-priced car was inexpensive.(low-priced 和inexpensive重复)误：personally，I believe what the newspaper prints.(personally和I believe重复)5. 托福写作常见语法错误之时态，语态不一致我们来看几种常见错误(句例说明)：She did not adapt to the environment, but with time passing by, they find him more and more proficient.she 和him是怎么个意思咧?I shall use my father’s experience as an example. My father went to Australia several years ago. He see many birds and animals. 明明是过去，see怎么穿越回来了?The gift I made are very pretty. gift是单数啊，are 是怎么回事?6.托福写作常见语法错误之连词类缺失Successful men will have many places to live, a country house can provide a nice environment to relax, then it will be a new start point, but will not be an end one.大家暂且忽略语法问题，且看这个句子。
托福考试作文语法分析2023年托福考试作文语法分析汇总在日复一日的学习、工作或生活中，大家都跟作文打过交道吧，作文是通过文字来表达一个主题意义的记叙方法。
写起作文来就毫无头绪？下面是店铺精心整理的2023年托福考试作文语法分析汇总，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
1.托福独立写作语法错误汇总：非谓语动词使用不当原：Comparing with the money people earns， the sense of achievement is more important.改：Compared with the money people earns， the sense of achievement is more important.评：此处是动词compare的现在分词和过去分词使用混淆了。
在英语中，动词的现在分词往往表示的是主动的意思，过去分词则表示被动的含义。
原句想表达的是“将成就感与钱相比”，“把…与…相比”是明显的被动含义，因此应该使用compared.2. 托福独立写作语法错误汇总：时态混乱原：Although I have no work experience when I was a teenager， I always dreamed about having a job.改：Although I had no work experience when I was a teenager， I always dreamed about having a job.评：虽然托福写作以议论文为主，为了表示客观性，基本上使用的都是现在时态，但是在举例的时候还是会涉及到一些过去时态，例如上面的句子，切记：主从句时态要保持一致。
3. 托福独立写作语法错误汇总：表述累赘原：Internet plays an important and indispensible role in peoples life today.改：Internet plays an indispensible role in peoples life today.评：这个句子一看就知道是作者为了使用高级词汇而犯下的错误。
九、词性的混⽤来源：考试⼤词汇量的掌握对词性的使⽤⾮常重要，但是如果对出题⽅向有更好的把握，将会弥补词汇量的不⾜。
(⼀)做表语时形容词和副词的混⽤做表语永远⽤形容词，绝对不能⽤副词；例：Giant pandas, which inhabit restricted areas of high A B mountain bamboo forests, are rarely today and C when they are in captivity they breed poorly. D分析：错，应改为are rare。
rarely为副词，不能作表语，故改为形容词rare(罕见的，稀少的)(⼆)加宾语时名词和动名词的混⽤来源：考试⼤后⾯加宾语当然要⽤动名词例：Tilling means preparation the soil to plant the seeds A B and keeping the soil in the best condition to C help the crop grow until it is ready3 for harvesting. D分析：A错，应改为preparing。
preparation为名词，后⾯不能接宾语，改为动名词preparing后既能接宾语，⼜与后⾯的keeping构成并列关系。
例：Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's, A was concerned with the depicting the experience of B C urban Black people in the United States. D分析：C错，应改为depicting。
depicting在此为动名词，作介词宾语时不加冠词。
注意此处还可以改为the depiction of，但略显累赘，因为后⾯还有of结构。
资料NO.2 托福写作常见语法点讲义一、从句英文的句子分为三种基本类型：简单句、并列句、复合句逗号不可以连接两个句子My name is sherry, i graduated from ZJ university（*）Some prefer to leave their phones at home, they don’t want to be bothered when they are enjoying rest time. (*)并列句是几个简单句用连词连接而成常见连词：and, but, or, nor, so, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, notwithstanding, whereas...1、简单句的五种基本类型英语句子有长有短，结构有简有繁。
从表面上看虽然千变万化，但从本质上说却有其内在的结构规律——简单句的五种基本句型。
主语+系动词+表语主语+谓语主语+谓语+宾语主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语2、所有的长难句都是由这五种基本句型转化而来一般来讲，一个句子除了有主语和谓语之外，其他可能包含的成分还有宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语。
其中，谓语比较特殊，只能由动词来充当。
而其他成分则可以由词、短语、句子来充当。
当用一个完整的句子来充当另一个句子的某个成分时，即构成相应的从句。
●主语从句What i am reading is interesting. 完整的句子what i am reading 做主语●宾语从句No one knows exactly whether there is life on other planets. 完整的句子whether there is life on other planets做宾语●表语从句English is what i like most among all subjects. 完整的句子what i like most among all subjects.●同位语从句I love the saying that love, not time heals all wounds. 完整的句子love, not time heals all wounds做saying 的同位语*idea，fact, belief等名词后常常带同位语从句一个世纪以前，弗洛伊德阐述了他具有革命性的理论，即梦是一种对我们潜意识里的欲望和恐惧所产生的内心深处的反映。
A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our subconscious desires and fears.●定语从句先行词：被定语从句修饰的对象叫先行词（可以是单词、短语、句子）关系词：重复指代先行词、起连接主句和从句的作用，并且在定语从句中充当一定成分的连接词称为关系词。
限定性定语从句VS 非限定性定语从句Smart card, which can carry as much as 80 times more information on them than conventional cards with a magnetic stripe, are already widely used in European countries where centralized banks can roll out new services on a nationwide basis.Behaviorists suggests that the child who is raised in an environment where there aremany stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.●状语从句9类状语从句：时间、地点、原因、结果、方式、让步、比较、目的、条件表示“一……就……”as soon as, once, the minute, the moment, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly...hardly...when, scarcely...when, no sooner...than表示原因in that，seeing that, now that, considering that, given thatdue to, owing to，result from, because ofResult in, lead to, contribute to表示目的lest（以免），for fear that（生怕），in case表示结果to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, to such an extent that表示条件suppose (that ), supposing that, providing/provided that, so long as, as long as, on condition that.表示让步for all，while置于句首，as倒装句二、非谓语动词London was found to be the least punctual city, with 41 per cent of respondents admitting that they were hardly ever on time, compared with the national average of 28 per cent.Pushed by polls that show health care is one of his main domestic problems and by forecasts showing that the retiring baby-boomers will crush the government’s finances, George Bush is expected to unveil a reform plan in next week’s state-of-the-union address.问题：一个正确的英文句子可以有几个动词？如果想要在一个句子中包含多个动词，有几种方法？三、改错练习1、the new political science curriculum at some high schools in India, encouraging teachers to use cartoons and newspaper clippings to provoke classroom debate on contemporary issues.2、Some people hold the idea that people will have more time to enjoy their vacation, they can relax their body and they shouldn’t respond to any massage, while others argue that mobile phone is necessary to our life.3、an article suggests that the Great Gatsby was not reading during 1930’s, the reason was that the novel described a lifestyle made extinct and frivolous by the current Great Depression4、The number of awards given this year to biochemists accentuate the significant gains being made in the study of the chemistry of living organisms.5、nevertheless, i prefer working in large company to working in small company.6、sometimes employee has legitimate complaints since employer pays little attention to employee’s demands.7、according to educational statistics, the average age of college students has risen quite noticeable over the past 25 years.8、Toni Morrison was honored by Harvard University not only as a great novelist but also she wrote eloquently of the history of African American culture.9、A mixture of jazz and classical idioms, the music of Gershwin was more innovative than most of his contemporaries.10、traveling through Yosemite, the scenery of waterfalls and granite peaks, which we photographed, was beautiful.四、如何写出高质量的句子1、加头：It is known to all that...It is generally believed that...It is conceivable that...It is not hard to imagine that...People come to realize that...2、加尾非限定性定语从句修饰并指代前一句话分词作状语各种状语从句五、句型训练1、the students love surfing the Internet. They still do not have their own connection.2、i am applying to study at MIT. It is a leading center for aeronautics.3、i will have to take several courses. Most of them are new to me.4、i am really looking forward to studying in the US. It will be quite a challenge.5、some people succeed. Other people fail. The difference is not hard work. It is whether they have luck. Luck will arise in the course of one’s life, though it is rare.6、just like the advertisement of KFC. Its music makes us feel warm, so many of us would like to go there to eat, but the food there is bad for our health.附录：一、六大特殊句型：1、状语开头：For all that has changed over Harvard’s 375 years, one thing has remained roughly the same:To take advantage of larger-than-usual shopping crowds, pop-up stores hit their peak during the holiday season, which is somehow already upon us.Driven by historic levels of financial aid, the number of applications to HarvardCollege remained high this year.(时间做主语) the year 1789 witnessed the founding of the United States of America.2、插入成分：for example, such as, especiallyUltimately, we are more successful in life when we focus on something we can control, such as studying and learning, rather than something we have no control over, such as the level of creative ability we are born with.If we buy new books today, they will become very old very quickly. Computers, on the other hand, provide the ability to access the latest information on the internet.3、同位语（从句)4、平行结构（not only...but also...., not only....but as well..., neither....nor...., either...or....., just as....)5、让步转折：though, even though, nevertheless, notwithstanding, despite, in spite of6、强调句：it is ...that....二、高分句型1、比较句型The more....the more....Nothing + be +比较级+than/nothing+do+more+副词+than：nothing communicate more effectively than color.2、否定句型Cannot emphasize...too much/ cannot overemphasize/by no means/spear no effort to do sthOn no account should+主语+动词：on no account should we lose sight of the benefits of education in basic science course.3、there be句型There is no denying that/ there is no doubts that/there is no substitute for4、it is 句型It is conceivable that(可想而知）It is high time that （虚拟语气过去时）5、表示原因的句型...on the grounds that...（基于...理由）：the film could be criticized on the grounds that all of the characters are white, respectable and economically advantaged. Justify（证明...的合理性）be ascribed to/be attributed to/ be traced to/ stem from/ arise from/ spring from （归因于）Given (考虑到）：given the importance that people place on higher education, it is hardly surprising that ....6、表示“一致”的句型Be in accordance/ agreement/line withComply with/ conform to/follow（遵守）Equate A with B: people tend to equate technology with expense7、表示“利弊”的句型Do good to/ benefit from/ profit fromBe exposed to（接触）Be vulnerable to/ be susceptible toPose a major threat/challenge/difficulties to....Be plagued with....8、表示“建议”的句型Be supposed to doDo well to do sth（应该做）:we would all do well to learn to eat more slowly and to savor the taste of what we are eating.Require/ call for/ necessitate：Different circumstances may call for a different approach。
