Tank Calibration

PRODUCT DATA Brüel&Kjær hydrophones are individually calibratedwaterborne-sound transducers which have a flat fre-quency response and are omnidirectional over a widefrequency range. Their construction is such that theyare absolutely waterproof and have high corrosion re-sistance. All Brüel&Kjær hydrophones are manufac-tured using lead-free nitrile butadiene rubber. There arefour types of hydrophone:•Type 8103 is suitable for high-frequency laboratoryand industrial use and particularly for the acousticstudy of marine animals or for cavitationmeasurements•Type 8104 is a general purpose hydrophone, alsoideal for calibration purposes•Type 8105 is a robust spherical hydrophone usabledown to 1000m ocean depth with excellentdirectional characteristics•Type 8106 has a built-in amplifier which gives asignal suitable for transmission over long cables. Itis usable down to 1000m ocean depth8103810481058106Hydrophones — Types 8103, 8104, 8105 and 8106 USES AND FEATURESUSES•Calibration reference standards•Ultrasonic measurements in liquids•Cavitation measurements•Laboratory and industrial measurements in liquids and gases•As underwater projectors (8103, 8104 and 8105)•Noise measurements in humid and polluted atmospheresFEATURES•Frequency ranges from 0.1Hz to 180kHz •Individually calibrated•Flat frequency response over wide range •Omnidirectional over wide frequency range •Working pressures up to 9.8×106Pa (100atm.[1000m])•Shielded-element construction •Highly corrosion resistantSPECIAL FEATURES TYPE 8103•Very small size (50×9.5mm)•–3dB limit in air at 15kHz•Double-shielded, low-noise integral cable SPECIAL FEATURES TYPE 8105•Omnidirectional over full frequency range•No metallic parts exposed•–3dB limit in air at 7kHzSPECIAL FEATURES TYPE 8106•High sensitivity: –173dB re 1V/μPa•Built-in preamplifier with provision for insert-voltage calibration•Durable construction•Equivalent noise level well below sea-state zeroIntroductionThe Brüel&Kjær range of waterborne-sound transducers consists of the following:Fig.1 Hydrophone Type 8103Hydrophone Type 8103A small-size, high-sensitivity transducer for making absolute sound measurements over the frequency range 0.1Hz to 180kHz with a receiving sensitivity of −211dB re 1V/μPa. It has a high sensitivity relative to its size and good all-round characteristics, which make it generally applicable to laboratory, industrial and educational use. Type 8103’s high-frequency response is especially valuable when making acoustic investigations of marine animals and in the measurement of the pressure-distribution patterns in ultrasonic-cleaning baths. It is also useful for cavitation measurements. Fig.1 indicates the major features of Type 8103.Fig.2 Hydrophone Type 8104Hydrophone Type 8104A wide-range standard measuring transducer for making absolute sound measurements over the fre-quency range 0.1Hz to 120kHz with a receiving sensitivity of −205dB re 1V/μPa. It can also be used as a sound transmitter (projector) which makes it ideal for calibration purposes by the reciprocity, calibrated-projector and comparison methods. The main features of Type 8104 are shown in Fig.2.Fig.3 Hydrophone Type 8105Hydrophone Type 8105A small, spherical transducer for making absolute sound measurements over the frequency range 0.1Hz to 160kHz with a receiving sensitivity of −205dB re 1V/μPa. It is rugged, being capable of withstanding pressures of up to 107Pa (100atm.; 1000m (3250ft.) ocean depth). This hydrophone has excellent direc-tional characteristics: at 100kHz, it is omnidirectional over 360° in the x-y (radial) plane and 270° in the x-z (axial) plane. Type 8105 is illustrated in Fig.3.Fig.4 Hydrophone Type 8106Hydrophone Type 8106A wide-range, general-purpose transducer for mak-ing absolute sound measurements over the frequency range 7Hz to 80kHz with a receiving sensitivity of −173dB re 1V/μPa. The hydrophone is capable of withstanding high static pressure, the operational upper limit being 107Pa (100atm.; 1000m (3250ft.) ocean depth). A built-in high-quality, thick-film, low-noise, 10dB preamplifier provides signal conditioning for transmission over long underwater cables. The preamplifier features a 7Hz high-pass filter and an insert-voltage calibration facility, but does not allow the hydrophone to be used as a projector. An inte-grated watertight connector allows quick disconnec-tion of the cable and makes replacement and storage very easy. Type 8106 is shown in Fig.4.ConstructionThe four Brüel&Kjær hydrophones are piezoelectric transducers, that is, they use piezoelectricceramics as sensing elements. The piezoelectric sensing element and its internal supportingstructure are permanently bonded into sound-transparent, lead-free, nitrile butadiene rubber.The support bodies of Hydrophones Types 8103 and 8104 are made from a 70–30 Copper-Nickel alloy. Type 8106’s support body is made of Aluminium-Bronze alloy CuAl10Ni5Fe4(ISO428). Both alloys have extremely high corrosion resistance to virtually all hostile envi-ronments, and very good anti-fouling properties when immersed in seawater. Type 8105 hasno metal parts exposed.The internal support is mechanically and electrically isolated from the metal housing, beingcoupled only by synthetic rubber. This provides vibration isolation of the sensing element.Except for Type 8106, the hydrophones are equipped with an integral cable, the shield ofwhich is connected to the internal support/housing, thus providing electrical shielding for thesensing element. Note that Type 8103 has its internal support and metal housing connected atthe plug end of the cable.Frequency Response and Directivity PatternsTypical frequency responses of the hydrophones are shown in Fig.5. These are measured ina water tank in free-field conditions achieved by means of pulse techniques using a PULSE™based calibration system (see Fig.7).Typical receivingfrequencycharacteristics ofHydrophones Types8103, 8104, 8105 and8106 (dB re 1V/μPa)The hydrophones have very good omnidirectional characteristics. Typical directivity patternsof the hydrophones in water are shown in Fig.6. These polar directivity patterns were measuredin free-field conditions achieved by means of gating techniques in a water tank. This methodrequires a standard hydrophone as a projector and the unknown hydrophone as the receiverwhose polar directivity pattern is to be determined.Fig.6 Typical directivity patterns of Hydrophones Types 8103, 8104, 8105 and 8106Hydrophone Calibration SystemFig.7 Hydrophone calibration system: Set-up for calibration in the 4kHz to 100kHz range using PULSE Multi-analyzer SystemType 3560. Optional calibration up to 200kHz is possible using Frequency Doubler WB-3475PersonalComputerFig.7 shows a PULSE-based system for calibration of the frequency response of hydrophones.With additional components, the directivity pattern is also included. The system consists of afront-end with generator and input modules, Power Amplifier Type 2713, Turntable Type 3922,Turntable Interface Type 5997, Current Probe WB-1490 and a PC with software and Windows®operating system. The principle is the well-known gating technique, where a tone burst is sentout from the generator, amplified in the power amplifier and send to the projector (in this casea Hydrophone Type 8104). The signal received from another hydrophone is amplified and thetime signal is shown on the PC monitor. A delay due to the distance between transmitter andreceiver and a gating period depending on frequency range and tank dimensions is set up inthe analyzer in order to analyse on a stable direct signal without transients or reflections. Themeasurements are performed at specified frequencies and a complete calibration chart is printedout. Directivity patterns can be found with software for the turntable. This system can be usedfor reciprocity, comparison and impedance measurements, as well as the projector response.For the receiving response, both magnitude and relative phase can be measured.Sensitivity CalibrationEach Brüel&Kjær hydrophone is submitted to an extensive ageing and temperature stabilizingprocedure before being individually calibrated. Individual calibration data and frequency responsecurves are supplied with each hydrophone. The receiving sensitivity calibration of the hydrophonesis traceable to international standards (DPLA, NIST, etc.).A convenient calibration check at low frequencies can be performed using Hydrophone Cal-ibrator Type 4229 (the sensitivity of a hydrophone is the same in air as in water for lowfrequencies). This provides a rapid and easy method for air calibration of sound measuringsystems terminating in Brüel &Kjær hydrophones. Type 4229 is battery powered and can be used both in the laboratory and in the field.The principle of operation of Type 4229 is the production of a sound pressure in the coupler cavity by four pistons which oscillate back and forth in phase. A frequency of 251.2Hz is produced which is electronically maintained within ±0.1%.Fig.8 shows sectional drawings of the calibrator. The calibrator couplers are shown fitted with their respective hydrophones. The typical sound pressure levels produced in the coupler volumes are 166, 162, 151.5 and 152dB re 1μPa for Types 8103, 8104, 8105 and 8106, respectively.Note that the sound pressure level in the coupler volume can be monitored with a ½″ micro-phone (see inset of Fig.8), thus enabling the calibration to be traceable to international standards (DPLA, NIST, etc.).Note: The coupler for Type 8106, WA-0658, is available separately. The other couplers are supplied with Type 4229. An Insert V oltage Junction Unit WB-0850 can be used for insert voltage calibration of Type 8106.A barometer is supplied with Type 4229 giving the atmospheric pressure correction in dB in the range 0.65×105 to 1.08×105Pa (650 to 1080hPa), that is, –3.85 to +0.55dB.Fig.8 Mounting Hydrophones Types 8103, 8104, 8105 and 8106 in their respective couplers with Calibrator Type 4229. The inset shows a ½″microphone inserted into a coupler for monitoring the sound pressure levelMeasurementsBefore measurements are taken, the high-impedance output signals from Hydrophones Types8103, 8104 and 8105 should be routed through a signal-conditioning amplifier. Although theinternational standards call for calibration of the hydrophones’ voltage sensitivity (using avoltage amplifier), it is often more practical to use a charge amplifier, which will result in acharge sensitivity independent of the actual cable length. Although the entire Brüel&Kjærrange of accelerometer preamplifiers is suitable, Conditioning Amplifier Type 2635, MeasuringAmplifier Type 2525, or one of the NEXUS or PULSE charge input range is recommended.These amplifiers feature sensitivity adjustment to give convenient output values (for example,0.1 or 1V/Unit) and have a wide frequency range, and adjustable low-pass and high-passfilters. For technical details of these preamplifiers, please refer to their respective product datasheets.When using Type 8104 or 8105 with Measuring Amplifier Type 2525, BNC to TNC AdaptorJP-0226 must be used. The built-in preamplifier of Hydrophone Type 8106 provides an outputsignal which does not require further conditioning. Type 8106 can be directly plugged intothe preamplifier socket of the Brüel&Kjær range of measuring amplifiers and frequencyanalyzers, with 7-pin Brüel&Kjær sockets, which supply the necessary voltages. Dual Micro-phone Supply Type 5935 must be ordered with modification WH-3125 and requires an externalsupply. Microphone Multiplexer Type 2822 must be ordered with modification WH-3127. Use as ProjectorsFig.9Typical transmitting response to voltage of Types 8103, 8104 and 8105The piezoelectric effect of the sensing element is re-versible, that is, mechanical excitation causes an elec-trical output, and conversely, an applied alternatingvoltage causes corresponding mechanical excitation.Therefore, Hydrophones Types 8103, 8104 and 8105(but not Hydrophone Type 8106 because it also in-cludes a built-in preamplifier), can be used as soundtransmitters (projectors), for both measurement andreciprocity calibration. Transmitting responses to voltagefor Hydrophones Types 8103, 8104 and 8105 in waterare shown in Fig.9. Note the 12dB/octave slope whichis typical for piezoelectric hydrophones driven withconstant voltage input.When hydrophones are used as projectors, the driving signal requires power amplification. Brüel&Kjær Power Amplifier Type 2713 is especially suited for driving Hydrophones Types 8103, 8104 and 8105 as projectors, but is also useful for driving other highly reactive loads. Type 2713 is a low-noise 100V A power amplifier with a frequency range extending from 10Hz up to 200kHz, and a gain continuously adjustable between 0 and 60dB over six 10dB ranges. It also features selectable maximum output voltage limits, as well as extensive protective functions to prevent damage to both the amplifier and the transducer.Measurements in AirHydrophones are particularly useful for measurements under extreme environmental conditions that could damage ordinary microphones or affect their performance, such as very high humidity and temperature, or polluted atmospheres.Hydrophones may also be used for measurement of extremely high sound pressure levels.Please note that Type 8103 is quite sensitive to acceleration (up to 115dB/ms –2 when vibrated axially and up to 128dB/ms –2 when vibrated perpendicular to the hydrophone axis. As always for hydrophones the dB reference pressure is 1μPa.Typical receiving response in air for different hydrophones types are shown in Fig.10.Fig.10Typical receiving characteristics in air: Types 8103, 8104, 8105 and 8106 in the x-y planeCables and ConnectorsSpecial care has been taken in the production of Brüel &Kjær hydrophone cables in order to obtain good electrical shielding. This enables the hydrophones to be used in air and in water tanks where the electrical potential of the water is different from the ground potential, as well as in cases of high electromagnetic interference.Miniature Hydrophone Type 8103 is fitted with 6m integral double-shielded cable terminated with a Brüel &Kjær Miniature Plug JP-0056. In cases of high electromagnetic interference, a metal screen can be clamped onto the metal support. This support is connected internally to the outer shield of the cable which is in turn connected to the inner shield of the terminating plug end of the cable.Hydrophones Types 8104 and 8105 have integral 10m cables (AC-0034) fulfilling MIL-C-915.These are fitted with BNC plugs. For use at greater depths (up to 1000m with Type 8105),MIL-C-915 standard extension cables of up to 300m are available to order. These can be fitted to the hydrophone’s integral cable with Brüel &Kjær Waterproof Connectors JP-0415 (male)and JJ-0415 (female). Pictorial assembly instructions are provided with each male or female connector set. We recommend that the male connector (JP-0415) is fitted to the cable on the hydrophone (Fig.11).Hydrophone Type 8106 is supplied without a cable. A 10m Cable AO-0390 (a 10m length of AC-0101) mounted with a watertight Connecting Plug JP-0735 and a Brüel &Kjær 7-pinPlug JP-0717 is available for direct connection to the preamplifier socket of older Brüel&Kjærmeasuring amplifiers and frequency analyzers. For connection to PULSE™ or NEXUS™, anadditional conversion cable WL-1260 should be used. The Connecting Plug JP-0735 fits the7-pin female connector (corresponding to the Jupiter connector series 10M) which is anintegrated part of the hydrophone’s bronze support.For use of Type 8106 at depths greater than 10m, Hydrophone Cable AC-0101 can be suppliedin continuous lengths of up to 300m. This cable is a screened, 4-core cable with built-inKevlar® reinforcement. AC-0101 can tolerate high loads – 1300N in service, with a breakingload of 2600N. This makes the cable strong enough to be self-supporting for measurementsat ocean depths of 1000m. Despite the strength of the cables, we recommend the use of someform of strain release for long cables or in cases where there is risk of cable movement. Fig.11 Hydrophone Cable OverviewHydrophone Cable Options with Dry ConnectorType Cable Length Cable Type Connector81036m LN double screened PTFE10–32UNF8103-V Customer defined LN double screened PTFE10–32UNF810410m LN, MIL-C-915BNC8104-V Customer defined LN, MIL-C-915BNC810510m LN, MIL-C-915BNC8105-V Customer defined LN, MIL-C-915BNC8106NA NA JJ-0738aHydrophone Cable Options with Wet (underwater) Connector8104-W-00110m LN, MIL-C-915JP-04158105-W-00110m LN, MIL-C-915JP-04158106N/A N/A JJ-0738ba.Cable AO-0390 terminated in JP-0717 (B&K 7-pin plug)b.Cable AO-1433 terminated in JJ-073811Specifications – Hydrophones Types 8103, 8104, 8105 and 8106Additional Specifications – Hydrophone Type 8106MAX. OUTPUT SIGNAL 12V supply: 3.5V or 28mA 24V supply: 7.0V or 28mA MAX. POWER OUTPUT 50mWOUTPUT IMPEDANCE <30ΩHIGH-PASS FILTER –3dB at 7Hz (±2Hz)DC RIPPLE REJECTION 20Hz to 20kHz: 70dBOVERLOAD SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL 12V supply: 182dB re 1μPa 24V supply: 188dB re 1μPaPower SupplySUPPLY VOLTAGE 12 to 24V DCPOWER CONSUMPTION 6mA without load Fig.12Typical equivalent noise pressure level of Type 8106Type8103810481058106Sensitivity aa.Nominal value, each hydrophone is supplied with its own calibration data −211dB re 1V/μPa ±2dB−205dB re 1V/μPa ±2dB−173dB re 1V/μPa ±3dBNominal Voltage Sensitivity 29μV/Pa 56μV/Pa2.24mV/PaNominal Charge Sensitivity a 0.1pC/Pa 0.44pC/Pa 0.41pC/Pa N/A Capacitance a(incl. standard cable)3700pF 7800pF 7250pFN/A Frequency Response a (re 250Hz)0.1Hz to 20kHz +1/–1.5dB0.1Hz to 100kHz +1.5/−6.0dB 0.1Hz to 180kHz +3.5/−12.5dB0.1Hz to 10kHz±1.5dB 0.1Hz to 80kHz±4.0dB 0.1Hz to 120kHz +4/−12.0dB 0.1Hz to 100kHz+1/−6.5dB 0.1Hz to 160kHz +3.5/−10.0dB10Hz to 10kHz +0.5/−3.0dB 7Hz to 30kHz +0.5/−6.0dB 3Hz to 80kHz +6/−10.0dB Horizontal Directivity b (radial xy plane)b.See polar directivity given in Fig.6Note: Unless otherwise stated, all values are valid at 23°C (73°F)±2dB at 100kHz±2dB at 20kHzVertical Directivity (axial xz plane)±4dB at 100kHz±2dB at 50kHz ±2dBover 270° at 80kHz ±2.5dB at 100kHz±3dB at 20kHzLeakage Resistance a (at 20°C)>2500M ΩOperating Temperature Range:Short-term Continuous −30°C to +120°C −30°C to +80°C −10°C to +60°CSensitivity Change Charge with Temperature:Voltage0 to +0.03dB/°C 0 to −0.03dB/°C 0 to +0.03dB/°C 0 to −0.04dB/°C0 to +0.03dB/°C 0 to −0.03dB/°C–0 to +0.01dB/°CMax. Operating Static Pressure 252dB = 4×106Pa = 40atm. = 400m ocean depth 260dB = 9.8× 106Pa = 100atm. = 1000m ocean depthSensitivity Change with Static Pressure0 to –3×10–7dB/Pa (0 to −0.03dB/atm.)0 to 1×10–7dB/Pa 0 to 0.01dB/atm.Allowable Total Radiation Dose 5×107Rad.Dimensions:Length Body dia.50mm (1.97″)9.5mm (0.37″)120mm (4.73″)21mm (0.83″)93mm (3.66″)22mm (0.87″)182mm (7.17″)32mm (1.26″)Weight(including integral cable)170g (0.37lb.) 1.6kg (3.5lb.)382g (0.84lb.)Integral Cable6m waterproof low-noise double-shielded teflon cable with standard miniature coaxial plug10m waterblocked low-noise shielded cable toMIL–C–915 with BNC plugËB P -0317---/ÎB P 0317–202006-10R o s e n d a h l s B o g t r y k k e r iHEADQUARTERS: DK-2850 Nærum · Denmark · Telephone: +4545800500 · Fax: + · info@Australia (+61)29889-8888 · Austria (+43)18657400 · Brazil (+55)115188-8161Canada (+1)514695-8225 · China (+86)1068029906 · Czech Republic (+420)267021100Finland (+358)9-521 300 · France (+33)169907100 · Germany (+49)42117870Hong Kong (+852)25487486 · Hungary (+36)12158305 · Ireland (+353)18074083Italy (+39)025768061 · Japan (+81)357151612 · Republic of Korea (+82)234730605Netherlands (+31)318559290 · Norway (+47)66771155 · Poland (+48)228167556Portugal (+351)214169040 · Singapore (+65)63774512 · Slovak Republic (+421)254430701Spain (+34)916590820 · Sweden (+46)33225622 · Switzerland (+41) 448807035Taiwan (+886)225027255 · United Kingdom (+44)1438739000 · USA (+1)8003322040Local representatives and service organisations worldwideCompliance with StandardsOrdering Information Optional AccessoriesTYPES 8104 AND 8105AO-1431Extension cable comprising AC-0034, JP-0415 andJJ-0415AC-0034Waterblocked low-noise shielded extension cable toMIL–C–915 available to any length up to 300mJP-0415Male underwater connector (for integral cable)JJ-0415Female underwater connector (for extension cable)JP-0108BNC connector for extension cable TYPE 8106AO-1433Extension cable comprising AC-0101, JP-0735 andJJ-0738WB-0850Insert-voltage Junction Unit AC-0101Watertight, shielded 4-core cable, Kevlar reinforced.Any length up to 300mAO-039010m of AC-0101, with JP-0735 and JP-0717JP-07177-pin Brüel &Kjær input connectorJP-0744Male underwater connector for Extension Cable AC-0038JP-0735Male underwater connector (for extension cable)JJ-0738Female underwater connector (for underwater extension cable)ADAPTORS JP-014510–32UNF to BNC JP-0226BNC to TNCJP-016210–32UNF to TNCJJ-261710–32UNF to 1/2″ mic. ampWL-12607-pin B&K to 7-pin LEMO for connection to PULSE or NEXUSGENERALType 4229a Hydrophone Calibrator Cables See Fig.11,CE-mark indicates compliance with: EMC Directive and Low Voltage Directive.C-Tick mark indicates compliance with the EMC requirements of Australia and New Zealand.SafetyEN/IEC 61010–1: Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use.EMC EmissionEN/IEC 61000–6–3: Generic emission standard for residential, commercial and light industrial environments.EN/IEC 61000–6–4: Generic emission standard for industrial environments.CISPR 22: Radio disturbance characteristics of information technology equipment. Class B Limits.FCC Rules, Part 15: Complies with the limits for a Class B digital device.EMC ImmunityEN/IEC61000–6–1: Generic standards – Immunity for residential, commercial and light industrial environments.EN/IEC 61000–6–2: Generic standards – Immunity for industrial environments.EN/IEC 61326: Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use – EMC requirements.Note 1: The above is only guaranteed using accessories listed in this Product Data sheet.Note 2: Susceptibility when exposed to levels specified in EN 61000–6–2.Conducted RF: <30mV Radiated RF: <120mVTemperatureIEC 60068–2–1 & IEC 60068–2–2: Environmental Testing. Cold and Dry Heat.Operating Temperature: See specificationsStorage Temperature: As for continuous operation, see specifications MechanicalNon-operating:IEC 60068–2–6: Vibration: 0.3mm, 20m/s 2, 10–500Hz IEC 60068–2–27: Shock: 1000m/s 2IEC60068–2–29: Bump: 3000 bumps at 250m/s 2EnclosureIEC60529: Protection Provided by Enclosures: IP 68.a.Type 8106 requires Adaptor WA-0658, available separatelyTRADEMARKSKevlar is a registered trademark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries Brüel &Kjær reserves the right to change specifications and accessories without notice。

第23卷第3期 抚顺石油学院学报Vol.23　No.3 2003年9月JOURNAL　OF　FUSHUN　PETROL EUM　INSTITU TE Sep.2003 文章编号:1005-3883(2003)03-0072-03立式金属罐罐底变形量测量的研究谷小红1,　佟仕忠1,　孙金革2(1.辽宁石油化工大学,辽宁抚顺113001;2.国家大容器第一计量站,辽宁抚顺113001)摘　要:　针对立式金属罐容量试行检定规程中关于罐底测量存在的问题,在分析了现有的几种解决方法的基础上,提出了一种新的测量方法———液位传感器法。

新方法分析了立式罐底部几何形状和产生变形的原因,建立了罐底部变化模型,推导出了底部变形量的计算公式,确定了液位传感器的数目和安装地点。

在实际测量中,通过液位传感器测出底部变形的相关数据,计算出底部变形量。

经比较,此方法能减少立式罐计量受罐底变形的影响,提高了立式罐计量的精度。

关键词:　立式金属罐;　测量方法;　变形量;　液位传感器中图分类号:TB938 文献标识码:AReseach on the Measurment of Bottom Deformation of Verical Metal TankGU Xiao-hong1,TON G Shi-zhong1,SUN Jin-ge2(1.L iaoning U niversity of Pet roleum&Chemical Technology,L iaoning Fushun113001,China;2.The First Sizzler Measurment S tation,L iaoning Fushun113001,China)Abstract:　Based on the bottom measurement existing in verification regulation of vertical metal tank capacity and analysis of several resolvable methods,a new way-level sensor method was presented.After analyzing the reason of bottom deformation and the geometry form of tank bottom,the movement model of bottom deformation was established,the calculation formula was derived,and the numbers and installation sites of level sensors were confirmed.In actual measurement,the bottom deformation values can calculated by measuring relative datum.By comparing,the method can eliminate the effect resulted from tank bottom deformation and improve the measurement precision.K ey w ords:　Verical metal tank;Measurment method;Deformation values;Level sensor 目前立式罐计量准确度约为0.2%,其中影响最大的为罐底部容量的测量,其误差可达0.1%或0.15%。

牙买加项目专业词汇第一部分 工艺一、铝土矿处理bauxite铝土矿wet bauxite湿铝土矿trihydrate三水铝土矿monohydrate一水铝土矿facility设施handling处理Dual feed process双线给矿工艺Fourth mill第四代矿浆分选机belt运输皮带shuttle conveyor往复式运输机dome料堆stockpile料场covered stockpile封闭料场open stockpile露天料场lime石灰dry lime干石灰limestone石灰石crush破碎fan风机bin料筒reject bunker废料堆fuel oil燃油day tank日用（油）箱hammer mill锤式破碎机lime kiln石灰窑scrubber洗涤器storage tank存储罐metering pump计量泵feeder进给器slaker熟化器jaw breaker颚式破碎机impact crusher冲击破碎机diaphragm pump隔膜泵parish教区forklift叉车crane天车jib crane悬臂吊chainblock倒链van客货车grind磨矿slurry矿浆mix混合grinding mill球磨机ball mill球磨机rod mill棒磨机solid固体的sweetening脱硫booster增压泵Mono slurry一水矿浆transfer bump传送泵spent liquor热碱液head tank高位槽heating tank加热罐holding tank保持罐positive displacement steamdriven pump容积式蒸汽驱动泵coarse grinding粗磨trommel screen圆筒筛digestion溶出flash tank闪蒸罐flash drum闪蒸槽depressurize减压atmosphere大气环境energy能量、热量extract析出LP steam低压蒸汽desilicator脱硅器digester溶出器dilution 稀释二、铝土矿磨矿和矿浆混合三、溶出dilution liquor稀释碱液heater加热器liquor heater碱液加热器injection pump碱液注射泵blow off tank排放罐atmosphere大气relief tank减压罐blow off pump排放泵charge pump给料泵trim liquor废液disposal处理spill溢出pressure relief减压direct contact heater直接加热器indirect contact heater间接加热器install安装operation运行、工作mode模式remain剩余的gpm加仑/分钟capacity工作能力四、净化clarification净化filter过滤器filter press压滤器train线、流industrial water工业水flocculant絮凝剂synthetic合成的separation分离condense冷凝wahser清洗器mud泥red mud赤泥mud lake泥浆池wash清洗sodium sulfate硫酸钠sodium zincate锌酸钠cyclone气旋分离器hydrocyclones水力旋流器sand砂子sand trap分砂器classifier分级器sand classifier砂子分级器stage级、段starch淀粉relay tank缓冲罐settler沉降器typical典型的conventional常规的recover回收的dilution tank稀释罐filter aid助滤剂mesh目removal剔除particle颗粒pregnant liquor母液hot well热井ejector喷射器cooling water冷却水condenser冷凝器evaporation蒸发evaporation heater蒸发加热器discharge pump排放泵oxalate草酸destruction分解calcium oxalate草酸钙caustic苛性钠sodium caustic氢氧化钠grain谷物acid酸sulfuric acid硫酸diesel oil柴油unloading卸货vacuum真空的vacuum pump真空泵sump pump坑泵receiver 收集器washing filter清洗过滤器leaf filter叶滤机precipitation沉降agitate搅拌Air agitated空气搅拌dissolver溶解器filtrate滤液excess过量的overflow溢出sump坑relay pump中继泵hydrate水合物seed晶种thickener稠化器primary一次secondary二次tertiary三次U flow pumpcentrifugal pump离心泵hose软管surge tank缓冲罐vessel容器gal加仑volume容积yield产量、产出classifier分级器calcination焙烧rotary kiln回转窑hydrate tank水合物箱dust灰尘dust collector灰尘收集器screen筛分boiler 锅炉五、沉降六、焙烧water pump水泵alumina氧化铝loadout出料loadout bin出料料斗air slide气力输送hydrate pump水合物泵density tank稠化器electrostatic静电的precipitator沉淀器Venturi drier文丘里干燥器feeding screw螺旋送料机air lift空气提升器bucket elevator斗式提升机swirler旋流器rotary旋转rotary piston blower旋转柱塞风机fluid bed流化床LURGI fluid bed calcination鲁奇流化床焙烧炉hydrate wash pan filter氢氧化物洗锅过滤器cycloned气旋的Vacuum Switch Dump真空开关转换plate heat exchanger板式换热器rotary screen旋转筛七、港口port港口silo仓筒loading装船Pier码头main Pier主码头finger Pier辅码头trestle引桥Fendering护岸terminal接收站mooring锚breastle dolphin靠船桩mooring dolphin锚桩raw material原材料draft吃水量、深度locomotive机车、火车diesel generator柴油发电机Air compressor空压机package boiler成套锅炉mile英里pipeline管线transfer运输railroad铁路plant site工厂现场lb/hr磅/小时cfm立方英尺/分钟第二部分 电厂、机电系统词汇powerhouse电厂control room控制室air condtioning system空调系统lab实验室building建筑物maintenance维修gantry crane龙门吊elevator电梯electric hoist电葫芦portable便携式的equipment设备dead weight tester船舶载重量测试仪 piping配管valves阀门insulation绝热装置vibrational analysis振动分析lube oil润滑油samples样品purification equipment净化装置battery电池ventilation fan通风设备fire pump消防泵check检查substations子站emergency lighting (dc)应急照明（直流）distribution system供配电系统lighting照明sewage下水道drain排水trenches沟渠safety安全shower喷淋guard rails安全防护栏fire protection消防装置water coolers水冷却器boilers锅炉fan风机gearbox齿轮箱sootblower吹灰器ID fan引风机FDfan鼓风机rotary air heater旋转空气加热器drive传动、电机burner烧嘴safety valves安全阀turbine fan涡轮风机support equipment支撑设备phosphate磷酸盐phosphorous transfer pump传送泵solution溶液mix混合agitation搅拌chelant螯合剂suction吸入feed system供给系统feed pump供给泵cortrol pump控制泵deaerator脱气器trisodium磷酸三钠chemical化学bulk storage tank散装料存储罐purge water tank清洗罐purge water pump清洗泵LP/HP低压/高压spray喷淋spray water pump喷水泵fill pump注水泵feedwater pump锅炉给水泵startup boiler启动锅炉lube oil pump润滑油泵gland水泵压盖seal密封turbine pump涡轮给水泵auxiliary oil pump辅助油泵oil coolers油冷却器deaerator脱气器heater加热器flash tank闪蒸罐drips pump混流泵feedwater tube给水管steam蒸汽pressure relief valve减压阀blowdown pump排污泵back pressure valves背压阀water separator tank水分离罐atmospheric relief valve空气泄压阀drip tank集油箱drip tank pump集油箱泵atmospheric空气的relief valve泄压阀flash pot闪罐superheater过热的de-superheater pump过热蒸汽降温器的泵 air & oil coolers油气冷却器turbo-generator汽轮发电机turbine涡轮high press oil pump高压油泵condenser冷凝器vacuum pump真空泵hot well pump热井泵turning gear涡轮的旋转装置auxiliary oil pump辅助油泵lube control system滑油控制系统hgh pressure oil pump高压油泵vacuum pump真空泵diode二极管generating触发check检查generator发电机jacking oil pump顶轴油泵diesel generators柴油发电机diesel engine柴油机emergency应急的air compressor空气压缩机gas turbine generator燃气涡轮发电机starting engine起动发动机fuel燃油fuel system燃油系统combustion燃烧combustion system燃烧系统air compressor空气压缩机cooling system冷却系统fire control system消防系统oil coolers油冷却器black start air compressor无源启动式空气压缩机air system通风系统gearbox变速箱coolers冷却器building建筑物hose软管overhead crane天车air piping空气配管water piping给排水配管domestic water生活用水purge water纯净水净化、清洗valves阀门sodium sulfide硫化钠loading bay上料跨capstan winch绞车sulphide pump硫化物泵sodium sulphide硫化钠control valve控制阀tank罐、箱sodium sulphide pump硫化钠泵caustic苛性钠caustic piping苛性钠配管caustic tank苛性钠罐caustic pump苛性钠泵control valve控制阀middle control valve中间控制阀sump pump坑泵portable sump pump便携式坑泵diesel tank柴油箱diesel pump柴油泵loading bay装料跨acid酸acid tank酸罐acid pump酸泵acid sump pump酸坑泵acid tank dryer酸罐干燥器diesel piping柴油配管acid loading bay酸液加注跨substation子站diesel loading bay柴油acid piping酸液配管gantry起重机架boom hoist臂式吊车traction drive曳引驱动motor电机cable电缆cable reel电缆盘boiler锅炉blower motor鼓风电动机process过程process turbidity meter过程浊度仪blow down system锅炉放气系统softener软化剂condensate pump凝结水泵feed water pump给水泵middle feed water pump中间给水泵fuel feed pump供油泵chemical injection pump化学剂注入泵heater purge pump加热器净化泵oil skimmer撇油器fuel燃油fuel drain pump燃油排水泵condensate tank冷凝槽industrial water工业水industrial water tank工业水想fuel day tank燃油日用箱diesel day tank柴油日用箱dearator tank脱气器箱purge pump净化泵transfer pump传送泵recirculating pump循环泵maintenance steam检修用蒸汽condensation lines冷凝线grain loading-port kaiser冷凝线grain谷物starch淀粉unloading卸货convey运输vane feeder螺旋加料机 transfer bin中转料筒water systems水系统instrument system仪表系统electrical system电气系统air piping空气配管water piping水路配管area lighting区域照明drains and trenches排水管和排水沟 entrance入口electric fire pump电气消防泵jockey fire pump操作消防泵booster pump增压泵diesel fire pump柴油机消防泵vent fan通风机pilot launch引航艇dredge挖泥船foam泡沫fire truck救火车ambulance救护车structure结构main pier主码头finger pier辅码头repair修理protection保护cathodic protection阴极保护washroom洗手间rectifier整流器bauxite unloading铝土矿卸料cranes起重机steam piping蒸汽配管process piping工艺配管valves阀门batteries and ups电池和UPS系统dome building料场建筑物extractor fan排气风扇apron feeder裙式加料器hydraulic system液压系统sprockets链齿轮discharge卸料upgrade更新升级A-D Drive交直流电机T/A测试和验收Repair修理Ball Mill Glory Hole球磨机中心辐射孔Rotary Kiln回转窑Refractory耐火材料Heater Tube加热器管道Steam Turbine汽轮机Generator发电机Overhaul大修low Pressure Purge Tank低压冲洗槽Steam line蒸汽管线integrity testing集成测试Deepwell Pump深井泵Inspection检查Rotary Air Heater旋转空气加热器Transformer变压器Testing测试Relief Valves减压阀Re-calibration重新检定Relief Header减压集管Power Supply供电Quarry采场Train线、流、组Installation安装Orbit Valve美国Orbit vlave 公司生产的阀门replacement更换Process pumps工艺泵Re-routing重新走线load负荷Load Buster Switch爆破冲击载荷开关Pepper Line高压线house Line室内线Settling Pond沉淀池Locomotive牵引机车Leak泄露Block Valves截止阀Shut-off Valve关断阀Empty排空cleaning清洗、清理Comissioning调试Lurgi New Fuel Oil System鲁奇新燃油系统Remove移除Vessels容器ongoing进行中under going未进行Structural Repairs结构件修整Fendering防护装置Sandblasting喷砂Painting涂漆Conveyor Structure传送机构Silo料仓Quadrant Descaling扇形板除锈Press Feed压力进给XRF X射线荧光仪Lab equipment实验室设备Tail Valve尾阀Acid Storage Tank Repair储酸罐Collection Basin收集盆Manifold阀台descale除锈、除磷Spent Liquor热碱液& Fill Header加液集管Load Out Bins卸料箱hydraulic tank液压箱Hot Gas path热气通道Recertification重新检定conveyor belt运输皮带maintenance维护repair修理Rail track轨道Demineralizer脱盐器De-mothballing封存设备恢复启用restart重新启动Electrical Controls电气控制Load Station装料站Pulley Wheels滑轮Apron Feeder板式给料机Shuttle Conveyor往复式运输机Cable Belt缆带式运输机Rehabilitation恢复Flocculant System凝絮剂系统Ventricular Septal Defect室间隔缺损lifting equipment起重设备第三部分 财务等词汇Financial Statement财务报表Balance Sheet资产负债表Income Statement收益表cash flow sheet现金流量表Working Capital营运资金Normal operating activities正常营业活动Financing activities财务活动Investing activities投资活动Analysis of financial statements财务报表分析burden间接费用cash cost直接费用production cost生产成本variable cost可变成本non - variable cost固定成本depreciation折旧amortization摊销assumption财务假设start up恢复生产royalty资源税reclaim/rehabilitation开挖/回填forecast预算usage使用率Ratios比率Earnings per share of commonstock普通股每股收益Dividend yield ratio股利收益率Return on investment投资回报率Return on total asset总资产报酬率turnover周转Inventory turnover存货周转率Accounts receivable应收帐款Current ratio流动比率Consolidated financial statements合并财务报表Merger吸收合并Consolidation创立合并audit审计quorum法定人数阔人Parent company控股公司Subsidiary company附属公司Minority interest少数股权Pooling of interest权益联营合并Combination by purchase购买合并Equity method权益法Cost method成本法Yield of net assets净资产收益率Bill of lading提单Multimode transport多式联运Due diligence尽职调查Indemnity赔偿Internet based finance互联网金融Memorandum of understanding谅解备忘录General surgical ward普外病房Radiology department放射科vaccination接种Customs formalities海关手续Multimode transport多式联运closing交割。

船舶专业英语a faired set of lines 经过光顺处理的一套型线a stereo pair of photographs 一对立体投影相片abaft 朝向船尾abandonment cost 船舶废置成本费用accommodation 居住（舱室）accommodation ladder 舷梯adjust valve 调节阀adjustable-pitch 可调螺距式admiralty 海军部advance coefficient 进速系数aerostatic 空气静力学的aft peak bulkhead 艉尖舱壁aft peak tank 艉尖舱aileron 副鳍air cushion vehicle 气垫船air diffuser 空气扩散器air intake 进气口aircraft carrier 航空母舰air-driven water pump 气动水泵airfoil 气翼，翼剖面，机面，方向舵alignment chock 组装校准用垫楔aluminum alloy structure 铝合金结构American Bureau of Shipping 美国船级社amidships 舯amphibious 两栖的anchor arm 锚臂anchor chain 锚链anchor crown 锚冠anchor fluke 锚爪anchor mouth 锚唇anchor recess 锚穴anchor shackle 锚卸扣anchor stock 锚杆angle bar 角钢angle of attack 攻角angle plate 角钢angled deck 斜角甲板anticipated loads encountered at sea 在波浪中遭遇到的预期载荷anti-pitching fins 减纵摇鳍antiroll fins 减摇鳍anti-rolling tank 减摇水舱appendage 附体artisan 技工assembly line 装配流水线at-sea replenishment 海上补给augment of resistance 阻力增额auxiliary systems 辅机系统auxiliary tank 调节水舱axial advance 轴向进速backing structure 垫衬结构back-up member 焊接垫板balance weight 平衡锤ball bearing 滚珠轴承ball valve 球阀ballast tank 压载水舱bar 型材bar keel 棒龙骨，方龙骨，矩形龙骨barge 驳船baseline 基线basic design 基本设计batten 压条，板条beam 船宽，梁beam bracket 横梁肘板beam knee 横梁肘板bed-plate girder 基座纵桁bending-moment curves 弯矩曲线Benoulli’s law 伯努利定律berth term 停泊期bevel 折角bidder 投标人bilge 舭，舱底bilge bracket 舭肘板bilge radius 舭半径bilge sounding pipe 舭部边舱水深探管bitt 单柱系缆桩blade root 叶跟blade section 叶元剖面blast 喷丸block coefficient 方形系数blue peter 出航旗boarding deck 登艇甲板boat davit 吊艇架boat fall 吊艇索boat guy 稳艇索bobstay 首斜尾拉索body plan 横剖面图bolt 螺栓，上螺栓固定Bonjean curve 邦戎曲线boom 吊杆boss 螺旋桨轴榖bottom side girder 旁底桁bottom side tank 底边舱bottom transverse 底列板boundary layer 边界层bow line 前体纵剖线bow wave 艏波bowsprit 艏斜桅bow-thruster 艏侧推器box girder 箱桁bracket floor 框架肋板brake 制动装置brake band 制动带brake crank arm 制动曲柄brake drum 刹车卷筒brake hydraulic cylinder 制动液压缸brake hydraulic pipe 刹车液压管breadth extreme 最大宽，计算宽度breadth moulded 型宽breakbulk 件杂货breasthook 艏肘板bridge 桥楼，驾驶台bridge console stand 驾驶室集中操作台BSRA 英国船舶研究协会buckle 屈曲buffer spring 缓冲弹簧built-up plate section 组合型材bulb plate 球头扁钢bulbous bow 球状船艏，球鼻首bulk carrier 散货船bulk oil carrier 散装油轮bulkhead 舱壁bulwark 舷墙bulwark plate 舷墙板bulwark stay 舷墙支撑buoy tender 航标船buoyant 浮力的buoyant box 浮箱Bureau Veritas 法国船级社butt weld 对缝焊接butterfly screw cap 蝶形螺帽buttock 后体纵剖线by convention 按照惯例，按约定cable ship 布缆船cable winch 钢索绞车CAD(computer-aided design) 计算机辅助设计CAE(computer-aided manufacturing) 计算机辅助制造CAM(computer-aided engineering) 计算机辅助工程camber 梁拱cant beam 斜横梁cant frame 斜肋骨cantilever beam 悬臂梁capacity plan 舱容图CAPP(computer –aided process planning) 计算机辅助施工计划制定capsize 倾覆capsizing moment 倾覆力臂captain 船长captured-air-bubble vehicle 束缚气泡减阻船cargo cubic 货舱舱容，载货容积cargo handling 货物装卸carriage 拖车，拖架cast steel stem post 铸钢艏柱catamaran 高速双体船catamaran 双体的cavitation 空泡cavitation number 空泡数cavitation tunnel 空泡水筒center keelson 中内龙骨centerline bulkhead 中纵舱壁centroid 型心，重心，质心，矩心chain cable stopper 制链器chart 海图charterer 租船人chief engineer 轮机长chine 舭，舷，脊chock 导览钳CIM(computer integrated manufacturing) 计算机集成组合制造circulation theory 环流理论classification society 船级社cleat 系缆扣clipper bow 飞剪型船首clutch 离合器coastal cargo 沿海客货轮cofferdam 防撞舱壁combined cast and rolled stem 混合型艏柱commercial ship 营利用船commissary spaces 补给库舱室，粮食库common carrier 通用运输船commuter 交通船compartment 舱室compass 罗经concept design 概念设计connecting tank 连接水柜constant-pitch propeller 定螺距螺旋桨constraint condition 约束条件container 集装箱containerized 集装箱化contract design 合同设计contra-rotating propellers 对转桨controllable-pitch 可控螺距式corrosion 锈蚀，腐蚀couple 力矩，力偶crane 克令吊，起重机crank 曲柄crest (of wave) 波峰crew quarters 船员居住舱criterion 判据，准则Critical Path Method 关键路径法cross-channel automobile ferries 横越海峡车客渡轮cross-sectional area 横剖面面积crow’s nest 桅杆瞭望台cruiser stern 巡洋舰尾crussing range 航程cup and ball joint 球窝关节curvature 曲率curves of form 各船形曲线cushion of air 气垫damage stability 破损稳性damper 缓冲器damping 阻尼davit arm 吊臂deadweight 总载重量de-ballast 卸除压载deck line at side 甲板边线deck longitudinal 甲板纵骨deck stringer 甲板边板deck transverse 强横梁deckhouse 舱面室，甲板室deep v hull 深v型船体delivery 交船depth 船深derrick 起重机，吊杆design margin 设计余量design spiral 设计螺旋循环方式destroyer 驱逐舰detachable shackle 散合式连接卸扣detail design 详细设计diagonal stiffener 斜置加强筋diagram 图，原理图，设计图diesel engine 柴油机dimensionless ratio 无量纲比值displacement 排水量displacement type vessel 排水型船distributed load 分布载荷division 站，划分，分隔do work 做功dock 泊靠double hook 山字钩double iteration procedure 双重迭代法double roller chock 双滚轮式导览钳double-acting steam cylinder 双向作用的蒸汽气缸down halyard 降帆索draft 吃水drag 阻力，拖拽力drainage 排水draught 吃水，草图，设计图，牵引力dredge 挖泥船drift 漂移，偏航drilling rig 钻架drillship 钻井船drive shaft 驱动器轴driving gear box 传动齿轮箱driving shaft system 传动轴系dry dock 干船坞ducted propeller 导管螺旋桨dynamic supported craft 动力支撑型船舶dynamometer 测力计，功率计e.h.p 有效马力eccentric wheel 偏心轮echo-sounder 回声探深仪eddy 漩涡eddy-making resistance 漩涡阻力efficiency 供给能力，供给量electrohydraulic 电动液压的electroplater 电镀工elevations 高度，高程，船型线图的侧面图，立视图，纵剖线图，海拔empirical formula 经验公式enclosed fabrication shop 封闭式装配车间enclosed lifeboat 封闭式救生艇end open link 末端链环end shackle 末端卸扣endurance 续航力endurance 续航力，全功率工作时间engine room frame 机舱肋骨engine room hatch end beam 机舱口端梁ensign staff 船尾旗杆entrance 进流段erection 装配，安装exhaust valve 排气阀expanded bracket 延伸肘板expansion joint 伸缩接头extrapolate 外插fair 光顺faised floor 升高肋板fan 鼓风机fatigue 疲劳feasibility study 可行性研究feathering blade 顺流变距桨叶fender 护舷ferry 渡轮，渡运航线fillet weld connection 贴角焊连接fin angle feedback set 鳍角反馈装置fine fast ship 纤细高速船fine form 瘦长船型finite element 有限元fire tube boiler 水火管锅炉fixed-pitch 固定螺距式flange 突边，法兰盘flanking rudders 侧翼舵flap-type rudder 襟翼舵flare 外飘，外张flat of keel 平板龙骨fleets of vessels 船队flexural 挠曲的floating crane 起重船floodable length curve 可进长度曲线flow of materials 物流flow pattern 流型，流线谱flush deck vessel 平甲板型船flying bridge 游艇驾驶台flying jib 艏三角帆folding batch cover 折叠式舱口盖folding retractable fin stabilizer 折叠收放式减摇鳍following edge 随边following ship 后续船foot brake 脚踏刹车fore peak 艏尖舱forged steel stem 锻钢艏柱forging 锻件，锻造forward draft mark 船首水尺forward/afer perpendicular 艏艉柱forward/after shoulder 前/后肩foundry casting 翻砂铸造frame 船肋骨，框架，桁架freeboard 干舷freeboard deck 干舷甲板freight rate 运费率fresh water loadline 淡水载重线frictional resistance 摩擦阻力Froude number 傅汝德数fuel/water supply vessel 油水供给船full form丰满船型full scale 全尺度fullness 丰满度funnel 烟囱furnishings 内装修gaff 纵帆斜桁gaff foresail 前桅主帆gangway 舷梯gantt chart 甘特图gasketed openings 装以密封垫的开口general arrangement 总布置general cargo ship 杂货船generatrix 母线geometrically similar form 外形相似船型girder 桁梁，桁架girder of foundation 基座纵桁governmental authorities 政府当局，管理机构gradient 梯度graving dock 槽式船坞Green Book 绿皮书，19世纪英国另一船级社的船名录，现合并与劳埃德船级社，用于登录快速远洋船gross ton 长吨（1.016公吨）group technology 成祖建造技术GT 成组建造技术guided-missile cruiser 导弹巡洋舰gunwale 船舷上缘gunwale angle 舷边角钢gunwale rounded thick strake 舷边圆弧厚板guyline 定位索gypsy 链轮gyro-pilot steering indicator 自动操舵操纵台gyroscope 回转仪half breadth plan 半宽图half depth girder 半深纵骨half rounded flat plate 半圆扁钢hard chine 尖舭hatch beam sockets 舱口梁座hatch coaming 舱口围板hatch cover 舱口盖hatch cover 舱口盖板hatch cover rack 舱口盖板隔架hatch side cantilever 舱口悬臂梁hawse pipe 锚链桶hawsehole 锚链孔heave 垂荡heel 横倾heel piece 艉柱根helicoidal 螺旋面的，螺旋状的hinge 铰链hinged stern door 艉部吊门HMS 英国皇家海军舰艇hog 中拱hold 船舱homogeneous cylinder 均质柱状体hopper barge 倾卸驳horizontal stiffener 水平扶强材hub 桨毂，轴毂，套筒hull form 船型，船体外形hull girder stress 船体桁应力HVAC(heating ventilating and cooling) 取暖，通风与冷却hydraulic mechanism 液压机构hydrodynamic 水动力学的hydrofoil 水翼hydrostatic 水静力的IAGG(interactive computer graphics) 交互式计算机图像技术icebreaker 破冰船icebreaker 破冰船IMCO(Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization) 国际海事质询组织immerse 浸水，浸没impact load 冲击载荷imperial unit 英制单位in strake 内列板inboard profile 纵剖面图incremental plasticity 增量塑性independent tank 独立舱柜initial stability at small angle of inclination 小倾角初稳性inland waterways vessel 内河船inner bottom 内底in-plane load 面内载荷intact stability 完整稳性intercostals 肋间的，加强的International Association of Classification Society (IACS) 国际船级社联合会International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC) 国际船模试验水池会议intersection 交点，交叉，横断（切）inventory control 存货管理iterative process 迭代过程jack 船首旗jack 千斤顶joinery 细木工keel 龙骨keel laying 开始船舶建造kenter shackle 双半式连接链环Kristen-Boeing propeller 正摆线推进器landing craft 登陆艇launch 发射，下水launch 汽艇launching equipmeng （向水中）投放设备LCC 大型原油轮leading edge 导缘，导边ledge 副梁材length overall 总长leveler 调平器，矫平机life saving appliance 救生设备lifebuoy 救生圈lifejacket 救生衣lift fan 升力风扇lift offsets 量取型值light load draft 空载吃水lightening hole 减轻孔light-ship 空船limbers board 舭部污水道顶板liner trade 定期班轮营运业lines 型线lines plan 型线图Linnean hierarchical taxonomy 林式等级式分类学liquefied gas carrier 液化气运输船liquefied natural gas carrier 液化天然气船liquefied petroleum gas carrier 液化石油气船liquid bulk cargo carrier 液体散货船liquid chemical tanker 液体化学品船list 倾斜living and utility spaces 居住与公用舱室Lloyd’s Register of shipping 劳埃德船级社Lloyd’s Rules 劳埃德规范Load Line Convention 载重线公约load line regulations 载重线公约，规范load waterplane 载重水线面loft floor 放样台longitudinal (transverse) 纵（横）稳心高longitudinal bending 纵总弯曲longitudinal prismatic coefficient 纵向菱形系数longitudinal strength 纵总强度longitudinally framed system 纵骨架式结构luffing winch 变幅绞车machinery vendor 机械（主机）卖方magnet gantry 磁力式龙门吊maiden voyage 处女航main impeller 主推叶轮main shafting 主轴系major ship 大型船舶maneuverability 操纵性manhole 人孔margin plate 边板maritime 海事的，海运的，靠海的mark disk of speed adjusting 速度调整标度盘mast 桅杆mast clutch 桅座matrix 矩阵merchant ship 商船Merchant Shipbuilding Return 商船建造统计表metacenter 稳心metacentric height 稳心高metal plate path 金属板电镀槽metal worker 金属工metric unit 公制单位middle line plane 中线面midship section 舯横剖面midship section coefficient 中横剖面系数ML 物资清单，物料表model tank 船模试验水池monitoring desk of main engine operation 主机操作监视台monitoring screen of screw working condition 螺旋桨运转监视屏more shape to the shell 船壳板的形状复杂mould loft 放样间multihull vessel 多体船multi-purpose carrier 多用途船multi-ship program 多种船型建造规划mushroom ventilator 蘑菇形通风桶mutually exclusive attribute 相互排它性的属性N/C 数值控制nautical mile 海里naval architecture 造船学navigation area 航区navigation deck 航海甲板near-universal gear 准万向舵机，准万向齿轮net-load curve 静载荷曲线neutral axis 中性轴，中和轴neutral equilibrium 中性平衡non-retractable fin stabilizer 不可收放式减摇鳍normal 法向的，正交的normal operating condition 常规运作状况nose cone 螺旋桨整流帽notch 开槽，开凹口oar 橹，桨oblique bitts 斜式双柱系缆桩ocean going ship 远洋船off-center loading 偏离中心的装载offsets 型值offshore drilling 离岸钻井offshore structure 离岸工程结构物oil filler 加油点oil skimmer 浮油回收船oil-rig 钻油架on-deck girder 甲板上桁架open water 敞水optimality criterion 最优性准则ore carrier 矿砂船orthogonal 矩形的orthogonal 正交的out strake 外列板outboard motor 舷外机outboard profile 侧视图outer jib 外首帆outfit 舾装outfitter 舾装工outrigger 舷外吊杆叉头overall stability 总体稳性overhang 外悬paddle 桨paddle-wheel-propelled 明轮推进的Panama Canal 巴拿马运河panting arrangement 强胸结构，抗拍击结构panting beam 强胸横梁panting stringer 抗拍击纵材parallel middle body 平行中体partial bulkhead 局部舱壁payload 有效载荷perpendicular 柱，垂直的，正交的photogrammetry 投影照相测量法pile driving barge 打桩船pillar 支柱pin jig 限位胎架pintle 销，枢轴pipe fitter 管装工pipe laying barge 铺管驳船piston 活塞pitch 螺距pitch 纵摇plan views 设计图planning hull 滑行船体Plimsoll line 普林索尔载重线polar-exploration craft 极地考察船poop 尾楼port 左舷port call 沿途到港停靠positive righting moment 正扶正力矩power and lighting system 动力与照明系统precept 技术规则preliminary design 初步设计pressure coaming 阻力式舱口防水挡板principal dimensions 主尺度Program Evaluation and Review Technique 规划评估与复核法progressive flooding 累进进水project 探照灯propeller shaft bracket 尾轴架propeller type log 螺旋桨推进器测程仪PVC foamed plastic PVC泡沫塑料quadrant 舵柄quality assurance 质量保证quarter 居住区quarter pillar 舱内侧梁柱quartering sea 尾斜浪quasi-steady wave 准定长波quay 码头，停泊所quotation 报价单racking 倾斜，变形，船体扭转变形radiography X射线探伤rake 倾斜raked bow 前倾式船首raster 光栅refrigerated cargo ship 冷藏货物运输船Register （船舶）登录簿，船名录Registo Italiano Navade 意大利船级社regulating knob of fuel pressure 燃油压力调节钮reserve buoyancy 储备浮力residuary resistance 剩余阻力resultant 合力reverse frame 内底横骨Reynolds number 雷诺数right-handed propeller 右旋进桨righting arm 扶正力臂，恢复力臂rigid side walls 刚性侧壁rise of floor 底升riverine warfare vessel 内河舰艇rivet 铆接，铆钉roll 横摇roll-on/roll-off (Ro/Ro) 滚装rotary screw propeller 回转式螺旋推进器rounded gunwale 修圆的舷边rounded sheer strake 圆弧舷板rubber tile 橡皮瓦rudder 舵rudder bearing 舵承rudder blade 舵叶rudder control rod 操舵杆rudder gudgeon 舵钮rudder pintle 舵销rudder post 舵柱rudder spindle 舵轴rudder stock 舵杆rudder trunk 舵杆围井run 去流段sag 中垂salvage lifting vessel 救捞船scale 缩尺，尺度schedule coordination 生产规程协调schedule reviews 施工生产进度审核screen bulkhead 轻型舱壁Sea keeping performance 耐波性能sea spectra 海浪谱sea state 海况seakeeping 适航性seasickness 晕船seaworthness 适航性seaworthness 适航性section moulus 剖面模数sectiongs 剖面，横剖面self-induced 自身诱导的self-propulsion 自航semi-balanced rudder 半平衡舵semi-submersible drilling rig 半潜式钻井架shaft bossing 轴榖shaft bracket 轴支架shear 剪切，剪力shear buckling 剪切性屈曲shear curve 剪力曲线sheer 舷弧sheer aft 艉舷弧sheer drawing 剖面图sheer forward 艏舷弧sheer plane 纵剖面sheer profile 总剖线sheer profile 纵剖图shell plating 船壳板ship fitter 船舶装配工ship hydrodynamics 船舶水动力学shipway 船台shipyard 船厂shrouded screw 有套罩螺旋桨，导管螺旋桨side frame 舷边肋骨side keelson 旁内龙骨side plate 舷侧外板side stringer 甲板边板single-cylinder engine 单缸引擎sinkage 升沉six degrees of freedom 六自由度skin friction 表面摩擦力skirt （气垫船）围裙slamming 砰击sleeve 套管，套筒，套环slewing hydraulic motor 回转液压马达slice 一部分，薄片sloping shipway 有坡度船台sloping top plate of bottom side tank 底边舱斜顶板slopint bottom plate of topside tank 定边舱斜底板soft chine 圆舭sonar 声纳spade rudder 悬挂舵spectacle frame 眼睛型骨架speed-to-length ratio 速长比sponson deck 舷伸甲板springing 颤振stability 稳性stable equilibrium 稳定平衡starboard 右舷static equilibrium 静平衡steamer 汽轮船steering gear 操纵装置，舵机stem 船艏stem contour 艏柱型线stern 船艉stern barrel 尾拖网滚筒stern counter 尾突体stern ramp 尾滑道，尾跳板stern transom plate 尾封板stern wave 艉波stiffen 加劲，加强stiffener 扶强材，加劲杆straddle 跨立，外包式叶片strain 应变strake 船体列板streamline 流线streamlined casing 流线型套管strength curves 强度曲线strength deck 强力甲板stress concentration 应力集中structural instability 结构不稳定性strut 支柱，支撑构型subassembly 分部装配subdivision 分舱submerged nozzle 浸没式喷口submersible 潜期suction back of a blade 桨叶片抽吸叶背Suez Canal tonnage 苏伊士运河吨位限制summer load water line 夏季载重水线superintendent 监督管理人，总段长，车间主任superstructure 上层建筑Supervision of the Society’s surveyor 船级社验船师的监造书supper cavitating propeller 超空泡螺旋桨surface nozzle 水面式喷口surface piercing 穿透水面的surface preparation and coating 表面加工处理与喷涂surge 纵荡surmount 顶上覆盖，越过swage plate 压筋板swash bulkhead 止荡舱壁SWATH (Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull) 小水线面双体船sway 横荡tail-stabilizer anchor 尾翼式锚talking paper 讨论文件tangential 切向的，正切的tangential viscous force 切向粘性力tanker 油船tee T型构件，三通管tender 交通小艇tensile stress 拉（张）应力thermal effect 热效应throttle valve 节流阀throughput 物料流量thrust 推力thruster 推力器，助推器timber carrier 木材运输船tip of a blade 桨叶叶梢tip vortex 梢涡toed towards amidships 趾部朝向船舯tonnage 吨位torpedo 鱼雷torque 扭矩torque 扭矩trailing edge 随边transom stern 方尾transverse bulkhead plating 横隔舱壁板transverse section 横剖面transverse stability 横稳性trawling 拖网trial 实船试验trim 纵倾trim by the stern/bow 艉艏倾trimaran 三体的tripping bracket 防倾肘板trough 波谷tugboat 拖船tumble home （船侧）内倾tunnel wall effect 水桶壁面效应turnable blade 可转动式桨叶turnable shrouded screw 转动导管螺旋桨tweendeck cargo space 甲板间舱tweendedk frame 甲板间肋骨two nodded frequency 双节点频率ULCC 超级大型原油轮ultrasonic 超声波的underwriter （海运）保险商unsymmetrical 非对称的upright position 正浮位置vapor pocket 气化阱ventilation and air conditioning diagram 通风与空调铺设设计图Venturi section 文丘里试验段vertical prismatic coefficient 横剖面系数vertical-axis(cycloidal)propeller 直叶（摆线）推进器vessel component vender 造船部件销售商viscosity 粘性VLCC 巨型原油轮Voith-Schneider propeller 外摆线直翼式推进器v-section v型剖面wake current 伴流，尾流water jet 喷水（推进）管water plane 水线面watertight integrity 水密完整性wave pattern 波形wave suppressor 消波器，消波板wave-making resistance 兴波阻力weather deck 露天甲板web 腹板web beam 强横梁web frame 腹肋板weler 焊工wetted surface 湿表面积winch 绞车windlass 起锚机wing shaft 侧轴wing-keel 翅龙骨（游艇）working allowance 有效使用修正量worm gear 蜗轮，蜗杆yacht 快艇yard issue 船厂开工任务发布书yards 帆桁yaw 首摇。

盾构相关专业英语词汇词汇A部abnormal resistance 异常阻力abrasion resistant 耐磨性abrasion 磨损access 到达accumulator 蓄能器actual 实际的adopt 采用advance 推进agent 起泡母液agitator tank 搅拌罐air compressor 空气压缩机air conditioning 空调air filter unit 空气过滤装置air lock 气舱alignment control 线形控制allowable stress 容许应力angle 角度anti-corrosive paint 防锈漆anti-pressure seal 抗压密封appearance test 外观测试arching action effect 拱形效应articulate cylinder 铰接油缸articulation angle 铰接角度articulation jack 铰接千斤顶articulation stroke 铰接行程articulation system 铰接系统articulation 铰接assembling method K片组装方法assembling 组装automatic mode 自动模式automatic oil lubricating system 自动油脂润滑系统automatic 自动的auxiliary bit 保护切削刀头auxiliary cutter bit 辅助切削刀auxiliary pump 辅助泵axial 轴向的axis type screw conveyor 轴承螺旋输送机axis 轴词汇B部back filling injection device 壁后灌浆设备back filling injection 同步注入（背填）back grouting system 同步回填系统back up system 备份系统back-up gantry 支承架back-up pressure 备用压力balk head 隔板ball valve 球阀bar 巴（压强单位）baseline 基准线beam 梁bearing housing 轴承套bearing life 轴承寿命bearing roller 轴承滚轴bearing 轴承belt conveyor 带式输送机（传送带）bentonite 膨润土（皂土）blade 叶片bolt 螺杆bottom screw 底部螺旋机boundary condition 边界条件breasting plate 承冲板,面板brush packing 密封刷(注：packing 为填充) brush type tail seal 盾尾密封刷bulkhead 舱壁bull gear 大齿轮词汇C部cable reel电缆盘cable 电缆calibration 校验，标定cam switch 凸轮开关capacity 能力，运量casing I.D 螺旋输送机内径cavity 轴承腔center cutter 中央刀头center shaft radius 中心轴半径center shield 中盾chain hoist 链式葫芦circuit breaker 断路器（断路开关）clay layer 粘土层clay 粘土cleaning device 清洗装置clockwise and counterclockwise 顺时针和逆时针clogging 阻塞coefficient 系数cohesion 粘度，内聚力cohesive （土体）粘性coil 线圈compression system for man lock (regulator)人孔闸的压缩系统(调节阀) compression 压力compressor and slurry pumpcompressor 压缩机control cabin 控制室control circuit 控制电路control 控制cooling circuit 冷却回路copy cut device 仿形刀装置copy cutter 仿形刀（超挖刀）corrective operation 校正操作corresponding 相应的coupling 接头crack 断裂,破坏crane 起重机criterion 验收标准cross-sectional 截面积current 电流curvature 转弯段curve configuration 曲线轮廓curve radius 转弯半径，曲线半径curving performance 曲线段施工cutter bit 刀头cutter chamber 土仓cutter device 刀盘装置cutter driving unit 刀盘驱动单元cutter drum 刀盘滚筒cutter electric motorcutter head 刀盘cutter main sealing system 刀盘主密封系统cutting blade 切削刀cutting face 开挖面cutting resistance 切削阻力cylinder 汽缸词汇D部data logging system 数据录入系统data 数据date 日期dead load 恒载, 固定荷载defect 缺陷deformation 变形delivery 输送量density 密度description 名称designed figure 设计值detector 检测器deviation 偏差,误差device 装置diagram 图，图解diameter (dia.) 直径(outer diameter 外径；inner diameter 内径) dilution ratio 稀释倍率dimension 尺寸dimensional inspection 尺寸检验direct starting 直接启动discharge 排出displacement 排量,位移distance 距离distortion 变形,扭曲disturbance of ground 土体扰动disturbance 扰动down-stream equipment 后续设备drag bit 切削刀头drag type cutter bit 挖掘式切削刀drain water pump 废水泵drawing 图drilling 钻掘driving method 驱动方式driving motors 驱动马达drum 圆桶，卷盘duct 管,输送管词汇E部earth pressure gauge 土压计earth pressure 土压edge 边缘effective stroke 有效行程ELB 断路保护器electric control system 电控制系统electric drive (inverter drive) 电驱动（变频驱动）electric instruments 电气仪表electric items 电气项目electric motor capacity电动马达容量electric motor 电动马达electric system电气系统electronic pressure gauge 电子压力计emergency lighting 应急照明emergency stop 紧急停车energy-saving 节能EPB (EARTH PRESSURE BALANCED) 土压平衡盾构equipped force 装备推力erector operating box 拼装机操纵盒excavation diameter 挖掘直径explanation 解释,说明extension 伸出external unit of air conditioner ? 空调出风口？词汇F部face angle of cutting blade 切削刀面角facilitate 便于facility 设施，设备，工具filter circuit 过滤回路filter 滤芯filtration 过滤fine sand 细砂fish tail 中央转刀（鱼尾板）flexural rigidity 抗弯刚度flow divider 流量分配器flow rate 流速flow 流量,流速,流入flow-meter 流量计fluctuation 晃动,波动fluorescent light 荧光灯foam injecting system 泡沫注入系统foam unit 泡沫系统foaming ratio 发泡倍率following carriage 后续车架force-fed 强制输入form injection system 泡沫注入系统formula 公式frequency converter 变频器frequency relay 频率继电器frequency 频率friction摩擦front shield 前盾,前筒词汇G部gantry 门架，台车gap 间隙gate jack 闸门千斤顶gear box 齿轮（变速）箱gear reducer 齿轮减速机gearing 齿轮装置geological condition 地质条件geological 地质的gradient 坡度granule gravel 砂砾gravel 介质,砾石grease cavity 油脂腔grease lubrication 脂润滑grease purging system 油脂清除系统grip 手柄gross weight 总重量ground tunneling job 地下隧道施工grout hole 注浆孔grout injection 注浆grouting system 同步注入系统guidance system 导向系统词汇H部handing weight 可操作重量hauling capacity 输送能力heat exchanger 热交换器helical rotor pump 螺旋泵heterogeneity 不均匀性high voltage transformer 高压变压器high voltage 高压hinge 铰链hoist beamhood 护罩horizontally 水平地hose reel 软管盘hydraulic accumulator 液压蓄能器hydraulic circuit 液压回路hydraulic cylinder actuated 液压汽缸传动hydraulic items 液压项目词汇I部idler roller 惰辊index 指数,索引indicator 指示器industrial water supply system 工业送水系统injection holeinjection pipeinjection port 注入口injection pump 注入泵injection 注入inner race 内环inspection report 检验报告Inspection 检查installation 安装insulation resistance 绝缘电阻integration operation 积分操作intelligent terminal 智能终端intermediate beam 中间梁intermediate support type 中间支撑型internal free space 内部自由空间internal friction angle 内摩擦角invade 侵入Inverter control 变频控制Inverter electric motor 变频电机Inverter panelisolated 被隔离item 项目词汇J部jack 千斤顶词汇K部key segment 楔形片（K片）,封顶块knife edge bitknife gate 闸门词汇L部labor safety hygiene regulations 劳动安全卫生规定Labyrinth seal 迷宫式密封laser space ？leaser guidance system 激光导向系统left wing 左侧length 长度lift cylinder 起重油缸lifting force 提升力lighting circuit 照明电路lighting 照明liquid 液体loading point 负载点lubricant 润滑油lubrication 润滑词汇M部magnetic flow meter 电磁式流量计main bearing 主轴承main component 主要部件maintenance 维修保养malfunction 故障man lock 人孔闸manhole 人闸孔manual mode 手动方式manual 手动的material 材料mean radius平均半径measured figure 测量值measurement device 计量装置measuring instrument 测量仪器medium sand 中砂metro 地铁middle screw 中部螺旋机moment 力矩mortar agitator 浆液搅拌器mortar injection 注浆mortar tank 储浆槽motor 马达moving average processing 移动平均处理muck discharging system 渣土排运系统（muck 意思为渣土）muddy clay 泥质粘土MV (manipulated value) 操作值词汇N部non-load operation 空载运行number of sampling 取样次数nut 螺帽词汇O部obstacle 障碍物oil lubrication 油润滑operating method 操纵方式operation panel 操纵盘,操作面板operation switch 操作开关over cut depth 超挖量over cutter 超挖刀overburden 覆土厚度overview 概述词汇P部painting 涂漆parameter 参数performance test 性能测试phase 相位pinion 小齿轮piping and wiring 管路和线路pitching rolling detector 俯仰、滚转检测器planetary gear 行星齿轮PLC control system and data collection system PLC控制系统和数据采集与监控系统plumbing 管件portable type 手提式portal shaped type 龙门型portal structure 门型结构powdery clay 粉质粘土powdery soil 粉土power board 配电板power circuit 电源电路power source 电源power 动力，功率precise 准确的,精确的preset earth pressure 预设土压pressure sensor压力传感器pressure transmitter 压力传感器pressure 压力prevent 防止primary transformer 一级变压器primary voltage 一级电压principle 原理procedure 程序，步骤propelling speed 推进速度proportional operation 比例操作propose 建议,推荐propulsion force per area 单位面积推力propulsion 推力protrusion allowance of cutter face 刀盘面的允许凸出长度protrusion 凸出provided torque 装备扭矩provisional 暂时的，临时的PU (power unit) 动力单元pulse monitoring device 脉冲控制装置pump 泵purge 清洗push button switch 按钮开关push-in force 推进力PV(process value) 进程值词汇Q部quantity 数量词汇R部radial 径向的radius 半径rail 轨道rake angle 前倾角range 范围rate 比率ratio 比例reaction load 反作用力rear shield 后筒rear 背部,后部regulate 调节,调整reinforced concrete segment 钢筋混凝土管片relatively 相对地reliability 可靠性relief valve 溢流阀remark 备注replacement 更换resin dry type 树脂干燥型resistance force 阻力retain 护圈？retract 收缩retraction 回缩reverse rotation 反转revolution 旋转ribbon type 带式right wing 右侧rigidity 刚度ring adjuster 整圆器ring gear 环形齿轮ring girder 环梁ring 环Robotic survey system 自动化测量系统robust 坚固的roll 滚转roller 滚轴room controller 控制室rotary speed 转速rotate 旋转rotating direction 回转方向rotation angle 转角rotation speed 转速rotation test 旋转测试roundness 圆度route 路线，航线rub 摩擦rubbing surface 摩擦表面rubbing wear 磨耗runnel 水的rust 锈蚀词汇S部Safety coefficient 安全系数Safety factor 安全系数safety valve 安全阀sampling cycle 取样周期sand paper 砂纸sandy silt 砂质粉土Scaffold 脚手架,支架Screw conveyor 螺旋输送机Screw gate opening 螺旋门开度Screw gate 螺旋门Screw inlet 螺运机进口Screw pitch 螺距Screw revolution 螺旋机转速Screw slide 螺旋滑动Screw trough 螺旋输送槽Screw’s angle of inclination 螺旋机倾角Screw’s lead angle 螺旋超前角seal mounting diameter 密封安装直径seal 密封sealing mastic 密封乳剂sealing system 密封系统secondary voltage 二级电压secondary 二次的Secure 保证，确保segment adjustor jack 整圆器千斤顶segment end surface 管片端面segment erector 管片拼装机segment feeder 喂片机segment hoist 管片提升器segment lining 管片内衬segment reformer 管片整圆器segment steel mould 管片钢模segment transportation system 管片输送系统segment 管片semi- 半sensor box 传感器盒sensor 传感器shaft slide 轴滑动shaft 轴shearing force 剪切力shield body 盾构壳体shield guidance system 盾构机导向系统shield machine 盾构机shield shell 盾构机体shield 盾体short-telescoped 小距离缩进side protection bitsilencer 消声器silty clay 粉质粘土silty sand 粉质砂土simultaneous back grouting system 同步反向注入系统skip 料罐，吊斗slide cylinder 滑动油缸slide jack 滑动千斤顶slide 滑动slurry injection system 泥浆注入系统soil conditioner injection system 加泥注入系统soil treatment 土质改良solenoid valve电磁阀solution 溶液SP(set point) 设定值spare electric plug 备用插头special knife bits 特殊切削刀头(先行刀) specification 规范spoke type 辐条式standard 标准star-delta starting 星形-三角形启动start condition 初始条件starting method 启动方式stationary 静止地steel construction 钢结构stoppage 停止，停工strain energy 应变能strain 应变strength 强度stress analysis 应力分析stress 应力stroke counter 行程测量stroke 行程submerged sand 含水砂层support cylinder 支撑油缸surface load 表面负载surrounding-preserve 环保survey inspection 验收symmetry 对称词汇T部tail clearance 盾尾间隙tail grease injecting system 盾尾油脂注入系统tail grease injection pipetail greasing system 盾尾油脂系统tail inner diameter 盾尾内径tail outer diameter 盾尾外径tail sealing compound 盾尾密封化合物tail sealing 盾尾密封tail thickness 盾尾厚度tank 箱，罐temperature 温度tension 张力terminal box 接线盒Terzaghi theory 太沙基理论thickness 厚度threaded muffle 螺纹消声器thrust cylinder pad 推力千斤顶顶靴thrust cylinder speed stroke detector 推力油缸速度、行程检测器thrust cylinder 推力油缸thrust jack 推进千斤顶timing 计时tolerance 公差torque 扭矩total station 全站仪total thrust 总推力totally enclosed fan-cooled outdoor 全封闭风扇冷却室touch-panel screen 触摸屏towing beam牵引梁transformer 变压器transistor megger 晶体管高阻表transmission 传递tungsten carbide tip 碳化钨刀刃tunnel 隧道tunneling machine 隧道掘进机tunneling routes 地铁沿线turning angle 回转角度turning 转弯two-chamber man lock 2室人孔闸type 类型词汇U部underground water level 地下水位unit weight 容重uptake 改善的词汇V部valve block 阀体valve 阀variable speed 速度可调ventilation duct 通风管道ventilation通风vertical earth pressure 垂直土压vertical stroke 垂直行程vertically 垂直地voltage 电压volume 容积词汇W部water injecting system 注水系统water tank 水箱water tightness 水密性wear 磨损wearing impact 磨损冲击weather 天气weight 重量weld 焊接wide opening ratio 开口率width 宽度wire connected pendant controller 有线控制器wireless controller 无限控制器wiring 配线。

半导体FAB常用单词◎ A开头的单字◎1. Abort 取消操作2. Abnormal 异常3. Acetic Acid（CH3COOH）醋酸4. Acetone（CH3COCH3）丙酮5. Acid 酸6. Add 增加7. Adjust 调整8. Air Shower 洁净走道9. Alignment 对准10. Alloy 合金11. Aluminum（Al）铝12. Ammonia（NH4OH）氢氧化胺（俗称:氨水）13. Analysis 分析 m~H14. AR 氩气15. Automation 自动化◎ B开头的单字◎1. Bake 烘烤2. Bank 暂存3. Barcode 条形码4. Batch 整批5. BHLD 被工程师或客户Bank Hold短时间内不会Run的货6. Blue Tape 蓝膜7. Boat 石英晶舟8. Bottom 底部9. Breakdown Voltage 击穿电压10. Broken 破片；损坏11. Buffer 生产暂存区12. Buffer Chemical 缓冲液◎ C开头的单字◎1. Calibration 校正；调整2. Camera 照相机；摄影机3. Cancel 清除4. Candela（cd）烛光5. Cart 手推车6. Cassette 晶舟7. Certify 技能认证8. Chamber 反应室9. Charge 电荷10. Chipping 崩裂11. Chip Suction Pen 真空吸笔12. Chip Transfer - m(Machine) 翻转机13. Clean Bench 清洗台14. Clean Room 洁净室15. Cleaning 清洗 IF16. Cleaning Sequence 清洗程序17. Clear 清除18. Coat 涂布19. Coater 上光阻机台20. Coating 上光阻；涂布上整个表面21. Completed 结束；完成22. Confirm 确认23. Contact 接触24. Contamination 污染25. Control Wafer（C/W）控片26. Controller 控制器27. Cooling Water 冷却水28. Crucible，Pot 坩埚29. Curing 烘烤30. Customer 客户31. CVD(Chemical Vapor Deposition) 化学汽相沉积32. Cycle Time 生产周期◎ D开头的单字◎1. Daily Monitor 每日检测2. Data 资料；数据3. Date 日期4. Defect 缺点；缺陷5. Defocus 散焦；无法聚焦6. Del(Delete) 清除；删除7. Delay 延迟8. Department 部门9. Deposition（DEP）沉积10. Develop 显影11. Developer 显影器；显影液12. Die，Chip 晶粒（台）；芯片（陆）13. DI Water 去离子水14. Dicing 切割15. Down 当机16. Drain 泄出17. Dry Etching 干蚀刻18. Dry Pump 干式(无油封)的真空泵19. Dummy Wafer（D/W）挡片◎ E开头的单字◎1. E/R(Etching Rate) 蚀刻率2. Emergency Stop 紧急停止3. EMO 紧急停止按钮4. Endpoint 终点值5. Engineer 工程师6. Epi –wafer 磊晶片（台）；外延片（陆）7. Equipment 机台；设备8. Error Message 错误讯息9. Etching 蚀刻10. Evaporation 蒸镀11. Exhaust 抽出；抽风管；排(废)气12. Expanding Machine 扩张机13. Exposure 曝光；曝光量◎ F开头的单字◎1. FAC 厂务2. Facility 厂务水电气系统3. Film 薄膜4. Focus 聚焦；焦距5. Forward Current 顺向电流6. Forward Voltage（Vf）顺向电压7. FQC 最终检验员8. Furnace 炉管◎ G开头的单字◎1. Gallium（Ga）镓2. GOR(General Operation Rule) 厂区操作规则3. Group 群组◎ H开头的单字◎1. Handle 处理2. High Current 高电流3. Highlight 强调4. High Vacuum 高真空5. High Voltage 高电压6. History 歴史7. HMDS 界面活性剂8. Hold 扣留；暂停9. Hold Date 留置日期10. Hold Reason 留置原因11. Hold User 留置者12. Hot Run 很急件13. Hydrochloric Acid（HCL）盐酸14. Hydrofluoric Acid（HF）氢氟酸15. Hydrogen Peroxide（H2O2）双氧水◎ I开头的单字◎1. Idle 休息2. Initial 初始状态3. Inspection 检验4. IPA(Isopropyl Acetone) 异丙醇5. IPQC 制程检验员6. IQC 进料检验员7. Item 项目8. Iv Test Iv测试◎ J开头的单字◎1. Job 工作2. Job – Name 程序名称代号◎ K开头的单字◎1. Key Lock 功能键；指令键2. Keyboard 键盘◎ L开头的单字◎1. Leak 泄漏2. LHLD 被Hold住的货(Hold在上一站)3. Light Emitting Diode（LED）发光二极体4. Link 连结；线5. Lithography 微影6. Log 记录7. Lost 机台是清空的，无人操作机台或机台没在Run货8. Lot 批货9. Lot History Information 批货历史资料10. Lot -ID 批货编号11. Lot Information 批货信息12. Lot Note 批货批注13. Lot Note Information 批货批注信息14. Lot Owner 货主15. Lot Position 批货位置16. Lot Process Status 批货生产状态17. Lot Status 批货状态18. LPHL 被工程师Hold在当站，请依Lot Note Call工程师或执行Run Card19. Luminous Intensity（Iv）光的强度（单位:cd，mcd）◎ M开头的单字◎1. Maintain 维护2. Maintenance 维修；保护3. Manufacture 制造4. Mark 记号5. Mask 光罩6. Merge 合并7. Metal 金属8. Microscope 显微镜；实体显微镜9. Misalign 对偏10. Missing Lot 失踪批货11. Miss operation（MO）错误操作12. Multi 多重的◎ N开头的单字◎1. Native Oxide Layer 自然氧化层2. NHLD 因下一站机台正在Run货或无法Run货而设的Hold(Hold在下一站)3. Nitric Acid（NHO3）硝酸4. Nitride 氮化物5. Nitrogen（N）氮6. Normal Lot 普通货7. Notavailable 不可用的；无效的8. Notch 缺角9. Nozzle 喷嘴◎ O开头的单字◎1. OCAP (Out Of Control Action 异常状况处理计划Plan)2. Off-line 不与计算机联机；间接参与生产的人员3. OI(Operation Instruction) 操作准则4. On-line 与计算机联机；直接参与生产的人员5. Operation 操作6. Operation Cancel 操作中止；取消操作7. Operation Complete 操作完成8. Operation Number（OP.NO.）操作步骤编号9. Operation Procedure 操作流程10. Operation Start 操作开始11. Operation Start Cancel 取消＂操作开始＂12. OPI(Operator Interface) 操作接口13. Optical Aligner 光对准曝光机14. OQC 出货检验员15. Out Of Control（OOC）超出控制规格16. Out Of Spec（OOS）超出规格17. Outgassing 指附着于固体表面的气体因压力降低或热量而升华18. Oven 烤箱；炉子19. Over Etching 过度蚀刻20. Over Q-Time 超过限制时间21. Owner 负责人22. Oxide 氧化物◎ P开头的单字◎1. Parameter 参数2. Part Number 型号3. Particle 微粒子4. Passivation 护层5. Password 密码6. Pattern 图案7. Pattern Shift 图案偏移8. Peeling 剥皮；剥离9. Phosphorus（P）磷10. Phosphorus Acid（H3PO4）磷酸11. Photo 黄光12. Photolithographic Patterning 微影图案13. Photo Resist（PR）光阻；光阻液14. Photo Resist Stripper 去光阻液15. Physical Vapor Deposition(PVD) 物理汽相沉积16. Piece 片数；张数17. Plasma 电浆18. PM(Preventive Maintenance) 机台定期例行保养19. PN(Production Notice) 制造通报20. PN Junction PN结21. Post Exposure Bake 曝光后烘烤22. POD 晶片专用盒(Run货専用)23. Port 港口；舱门24. Press 压；按下25. Pressure 压力26. Priority 优先次序27. Probe 探针28. Probe Area 探索区29. Probe Card 探针卡30. Process 制程31. Product 产品32. Program 程序33. Pump Down 抽真空34. Pure Water 纯水35. Purge 清除36. Push 推动◎ Q开头的单字◎1. Q-Time 限制的时数2. Quality 品质3. Quaternary Compound 四元化合物；季化合物◎ R开头的单字◎1. Range 范围2. Rapid Thermal Processing(RTP) 快速高温处理3. Rate 速率4. Recipe 处方；程序5. Recipe ID 程序名称6. Reclaim 回收改造；外送研磨7. Record 记录8. Recover 排除；复原9. Recover Runcard 异常流程卡10. Recover Wafers 回收晶片11. Recycle 循环；再制造12. Reject 拒绝13. Release 释放；放行14. Reset 重新启动；重设15. Resistance 电阻16. Reticle 光罩17. Reverse Current（Ir）逆向电流18. Rework 重做；重工19. RHLD 机台Alarm造成货被Hold住20. Robot 机械手臂21. Rough Vacuuming 粗抽22. Route 路径；途程23. Route ID 程序编号24. RS 表面电阻25. RTA 快速热处理26. Rule 规则27. Run 执行28. Runcard（R/C）流程卡29. Rush 急件◎ S开头的单字◎1. Sapphire 蓝宝石2. Scan 扫描3. Scan Fail 扫描失效4. Scan Speed 扫描速度5. Scattering 散射6. Scrap 报废7. Scratch 刮伤8. Scrubber 刷洗器；清扫夫9. Search 搜寻10. SEMI 半自动11. Sensor 感应器12. Sequence 顺序13. Service 服务14. Set 设定15. Shift 位移；班别16. Shut Down 停机17. Sign 签名18. Signal 讯号19. Signal Tower 讯号灯20. Silicon（Si）矽(硅)21. Single 单一22. Size 尺寸；型23. Skill 技能24. Skip 跳过；跳站25. Slot ID 晶片摆放位置26. Slurry 研磨液27. Sodium Hydroxide（NaOH）氢氧化钠28. SOLID/Solid 固体29. Solvent 溶剂；缓和剂30. Sort 分类31. Sorter 排序机台32. SPC(Statistical Process Control) 统计制程管制33. Spec(Specification) 规格34. Spin Dryer 旋干机35. Split 分开；部份；分批36. Stage 站别；层次37. Status 状态38. Step 步骤39. Stress 应力40. Strip 去除41. Substrate 基板42. Sulferic Acid（H2SO4）硫酸43. Summary 摘要44. Super Hot Run（SH）超级急件45. Supervisor 督导者(课长)46. Supplier 供货商47. Supply 供给48. Support 支援49. Surface Contamination 表面污染50. Switch 按钮；开关51. System 系统◎ T开头的单字◎1. Tag 显示器2. Tank 槽3. Tape 胶带4. Target 目标5. TC(Thermal Couple) 热电偶(用以量测物体温度)6. TE(Technician) 技术员7. Technology 技术8. TECN(Temporary Engineer) 临时工程变更通知单(Change Notice)9. Telephone 电话10. Temp(Temperature) 温度11. Terminal 终端机12. Terminate 终止13. Ternary Compound 三元化合物14. Testing 测试部门15. Thallium（Tl）鉈16. Thermionic Filament 热电子灯丝17. Thin Film（T/F）薄膜18. Thin Film Deposition 薄膜沉积19. Thickness（THK）厚度20. Thickness Uniformity 厚度的均匀度21. Throttle 节流阀22. Throughput 生产速度23. Tilt 倾斜24. Timeout 时限已到25. Title 标题26. Tool ID 机台编号27. Tool Name 机台名称28. Tools 工具29. Track in/out 入/出帐30. Training 训练31. Transfer 晶片传送；翻转32. Transport 输送33. Tray 指High Current上放Cassette的基座(有三个)34. Trend 趋势35. Trolley 推车36. Trouble 麻烦；异常；问题37. Trouble Over 故障结束38. Tune 调机39. Tuning 调机中40. Turbo Pump 分子涡轮真空泵41. Turn Rate（T/R）晶片周转率42. Twist 晶片旋转角度43. Type 类型；型态◎ U开头的单字◎1. Ultrasonic Cleaner (Supersonic超音波清洗机cleaner)2. Underdeveloped 显影不良3. Under – Etching 蚀刻不足4. Uniformity（U%）均匀度5. Unit 单位6. Unload 收货7. Unlock 开关放松8. Update 更改9. Use 使用10. User ID 使用者编号11. User Name 使用者名称◎ V开头的单字◎1. Vacuum（VAC.）真空2. Vacuum Evaporator 真空蒸镀机3. Vacuum Gauge 真空压力计4. Vacuum Pump 真空泵5. Valve 阀6. Vapor 蒸气7. Vender(Vendor) 厂商8. Vent 泄漏9. Venting 破真空10. Verify 确认11. Vf Test Vf测试12. Vf Tester Vf测试机13. View Angle 视角；发光角度（单位:deg)14. Voltage（V）电压◎ W开头的单字◎1. Wafer 晶片（台）；外延片（陆）2. Wafer Actual Output 实际晶片产3. Wafer ID(#) 刻号(#)4. Wafer Out 晶片产出量5. Wafer Pcs(Pieces) 晶片片数6. Wafer Stage 晶片承载台7. Waste Chemicals Collection 废液回收箱8. WAT(Wafer Accept Test) 晶片接收侦测9. Water Mark 水痕10. Wet Etching 湿蚀刻11. Wet Etching System 湿蚀刻系统12. Wheel High Current上固定晶片旋转植入的轮盘13. White Tape 白膜14. Whole Dicing 全切15. Width 宽度16. WIP Lot List 在制品的批货清单◎ X开头的单字◎1. X-ray X射线◎ Y开头的单字◎1.Yield 良率◎ Z开头的单字◎1. Zero 零层2. Zoom(Zoom In/Zoom Out) 调整自由焦距镜头。

TC SERIESPORTABLE & ACCURATE TEMPERATURE CALIBRATION MADE EASYLike most temperature calibrators you’ll find in this catalog, the TC Series generates true thermal references, not electronically-simulated ones. The TC Series’ lightweight, compact design makes them ideal for calibrating your temperature sensors on-site. All Tek Know calibrators come with interchangeable inserts that can be drilled with single or multiple immersion chambers to meet the specifications of your sensors.Programmable in either Celsius or Fahrenheit, the two-button operation allows for easy programming. And with the TC Series, obtaining true reference temperatures has never been easier. Simply place the sensor to be tested inside the well and set the temperature. The dual line display will show both the true and set temperature; once stabilization occurs, read the temperature and recalibrate the process or sensor. Tek Know calibrators may be used for calibration of thermocouples, thermistors and RTD sensors, or complete temperature loops.• T rue CalibrationProvides true temperature references, not simulated ones• C ompact DesignMakes it highly portable and ideal for field use• C ommunications PortRS-232 interface is standard, with FREE Windows TM -based software for semi-automatic calibration• Thermal Switch Test • E asy-To-Use 2-Button Operation • A ll Kits Include:Probe inserts, thermal switch leads, calibration certificate, instruction manual, industrial strength carrying case and SC200 SoftwareFREE SOFTWARE!SC200 Temperature Calibration SoftwareThe SC200 software package is a calibration tool which allows for fully-automatic or semi-automatic calibration, as well as a calibration management database. This software is useful in creating and maintaining the extensive documentation required by ISO and QS 9000. It contains databases for storing calibration programs, last calibration date, and company information; as well as true values and deviations, both in percentages and absolute values.The software can also be used to completely automate your calibration process. Used in conjunction with our SM300 Signal Master, you can eliminate the need to watch over your calibration while it runs. Just set it up and come back later to print out the certificate.• C ommunicationsCommunicates with SM300 and TC calibrators using RS232 serial ports. Drivers available for other instruments, including Beamex and Honeywell• S torageStores calibrations and calibration setups• D isplayShows on screen settling response at each calibration point. Up to 20 points• T hree modesCan be used in manual, semi- or fully-automatic modeTC150 This calibrator can generate both an ice point reference and a boiling point reference in one portable unit, making it theoptimal choice for food, dairy and biotechnology requirements.TC400 & TC650 For higher temperature applications, in particular calibration of J and K thermocouples up to 650°C (1192°F).TC600M This calibrator can maintain high accuracy and stability under the most severe conditions, and is therefore thepopular choice for offshore rigs and leading ship owners. As the TC600M was designed for the demanding needs of the marine industry, it is also ideal for field use in power utilities, petro chemical processing and the automotive industry.TC150 TC400 TC600M TC650TEMPERATURE RANGE -40°C* to 50°C (122°F) to 50°C (122°F) to 50°C (122°F) to150°C (302°F) 400°C (752°F) 600°C (1112°F) 650°C (1202°F)ACCURACY ±0.3°C ±0.3°C 1°C ±0.5°CSTABILITY ±0.03°C ±0.03°C 0.1°C ±0.05°CRESOLUTION 0.01° 0.01° 0.01° 0.01°COOLING TIME <20 min.AMBIENT TO MINIMUMHEATING TIMEAMBIENT TO MAXIMUM <15 min. <18 min. <18 min. <20 min.THERMAL SWITCH TEST Yes Yes Yes YesWELL DIMENSIONS 3/4” x 4.4” 1” x 6” 1” x 6” 1” x 6”OUTPUT RS232 RS232 RS232 RS232WEIGHT 15 lbs. 16 lbs. 16 lbs. 16 lbs.CALIBRATOR DIMENSIONS 8” x 5” x 11.5” 8” x 5” x 11.5” 8” x 5” x 11.5” 8” x 5” x 11.5”POWER 110V or 240 VAC 110V or 240 VAC 110V or 240 VAC 110V or 240 VAC INSERT FOR O.D. PROBE 1/8” & 3/16” 1/4” & 3/16” 3/16” 1/4” & 3/16”* below ambientSPECIFICATIONSTC SERIESIncluded in standard delivery: RS-232 interface, test cable for thermostats, 2-piece insertion tube, 1/8“ & 3/16 “, (1-1/8“ insert only for TC600M) calibration certificate, carrying case, 1 pc tool for changing insertion tubes, instruction manual, mains cableTC150Temperature Calibrator TC150, -40°C below ambient to 150°C (302°F) $ 5,350 TC400Temperature Calibrator TC400, Ambient to 400°C (752°F) 3,995 TC600M Temperature Calibrator TC600M, Ambient to 600°C (1112°F) 3,995 TC650Temperature Calibrator TC650, Ambient to 650°C (1202°F) 4,495 TC-INS-H-B Insert for TC400/TC600M/TC650, undrilled 140 TC-INS-H-18Insert for TC400/TC600M/TC650, 1/8” 175 TC-INS-H-316Insert for TC400/TC600M/TC650, 3/16” 175 TC-INS-H-14Insert for TC400/TC600M/TC650, 1/4” 175 TC-INS-H-38Insert for TC400/TC600M/TC650, 3/8” 175 TC-INS-H-12Insert for TC400/TC600M/TC650, 1/2” 175 TC-INS-H-1814Insert for TC400/TC600M/TC650, 1/8” + 1/4” 250 TC-INS-H-1414Insert for TC400/TC600M/TC650, 1/4” + 1/4” 250 TC-INS-L-B Insert for TC150, undrilled 130 TC-INS-L-18Insert for TC150, 1/8” 150 TC-INS-L-316Insert for TC150, 3/16” 150 TC-INS-L-14Insert for TC150, 1/4” 150 TC-INS-L-38Insert for TC150, 3/8” 150 TC-INS-L-12Insert for TC150, 1/2” 150 TC-INS-L-1814Insert for TC150, 1/8” + 1/4” 210 TC-INS-L-1414Insert for TC150, 1/4” + 1/4” 210TC-OIL Oil kit for TC150 cooling calibrators45TC SERIES, CONTINUED。

船舶英语日常用语.船舶制造英语日常用语一.船体1．You must weld and grind this area before painting.在油漆之前你必须把这个地方电焊修补、打磨好。

2．This welding line should be gouged and welded again before tightness inspection.这条焊缝在密性检查前要碳刨、再焊。

3．The structure of the starboard side is different from the port side.右舷的结构跟左舷的不一样。

4．We should reinforce the downside of the windlass.我们应该在锚机的反面加强。

5．The navigation deck is not plain, we will fair the deck by hot working.驾驶甲板不平，我们要火工校正。

6．There are two pieces of stiffeners and brackets must be replaced.有两块加强筋和肘板要换新。

7．Two more footrests and handgrips should be installed at the entrance of the small hatchcover. 在小舱口盖的进口处再安装两只踏步和拉手。

8．Checking the joint accuracy and structure integrity between No.8 and No.9 block after closed. No.8 与No9分段合拢后大接头装配精确性和结构完整性检查。

9．Checking structure integrity of superstructure(deckhouse)after welding.上层建筑焊后结构完整性检查。

（完整版）流体力学常用名词中英文对照流体力学常用名词流体动力学fluid dynamics 连续介质力学mechanics of continuous 介质medium 流体质点fluid particle 无粘性流体nonviscous fluid, inviscid 连续介质假设continuous medium hypothesis 流体运动学fluid kinematics 水静力学hydrostatics 液体静力学hydrostatics 支配方程governing equation 伯努利方程Bernoulli equation 伯努利定理Bernonlli theorem 毕奥- 萨伐尔定律Biot-Savart law 欧拉方程Euler equation 亥姆霍兹定理Helmholtz theorem 开尔文定理Kelvin theorem 涡片vortex sheet 库塔- 茹可夫斯基条件Kutta-Zhoukowski condition 布拉休斯解Blasius solution 达朗贝尔佯廖d'Alembert paradox 雷诺数Reynolds number 施特鲁哈尔数Strouhal number 随体导数material derivative 不可压缩流体incompressible fluid 质量守恒conservation of mass 动量守恒conservation of momentum 能量守恒conservation of energy 动量方程momentum equation 能量方程energy equation 控制体积control volume 液体静压hydrostatic pressure 涡量拟能enstrophy 压差differential pressure 流［动］flow 流线stream line 流面stream surface 流管stream tube 迹线path, path line 流场flow field 流态flow regime 流动参量flow parameter 流量flow rate, flow discharge 涡旋vortex 涡量vorticity 涡丝vortex filament 涡线vortex line 涡面vortex surface 涡层vortex layer 涡环vortex ring 涡对vortex pair 涡管vortex tube 涡街vortex street 卡门涡街Karman vortex street 马蹄涡horseshoe vortex 对流涡胞convective cell 卷筒涡胞roll cell 涡eddy 涡粘性eddy viscosity 环流circulation 环量circulation 速度环量velocity circulation 偶极子doublet, dipole 驻点stagnation point 总压[ 力] total pressure 总压头total head 静压头static head 总焓total enthalpy 能量输运energy transport 速度剖面velocity profile 库埃特流Couette flow 单相流single phase flow 单组份流single-component flow 均匀流uniform flow 非均匀流nonuniform flow 二维流two-dimensional flow 三维流three-dimensional flow 准定常流quasi-steady flow 非定常流unsteady flow, non-steady flow 暂态流transient flow 周期流periodic flow 振荡流oscillatory flow 分层流stratified flow 无旋流irrotational flow 有旋流rotational flow 轴对称流axisymmetric flow 不可压缩性incompressibility 不可压缩流[动] incompressible flow 浮体floating body 定倾中心metacenter 阻力drag, resistance 减阻drag reduction 表面力surface force 表面张力surface tension 毛细[ 管]作用capillarity 来流incoming flow 自由流free stream 自由流线free stream line 外流external flow 进口entrance, inlet 出口exit, outlet 扰动disturbance, perturbation 分布distribution 传播propagation 色散dispersion 弥散dispersion 附加质量added mass ,associated mass 收缩contraction 镜象法image method 无量纲参数dimensionless parameter 几何相似geometric similarity 运动相似kinematic similarity 动力相似[ 性] dynamic similarity 平面流plane flow 势potential 势流potential flow 速度势velocity potential 复势complex potential 复速度complex velocity 流函数stream function 源source 汇sink 速度[ 水] 头velocity head 拐角流corner flow 空泡流cavity flow 超空泡supercavity 超空泡流supercavity flow 空气动力学aerodynamics 低速空气动力学low-speed aerodynamics 高速空气动力学high-speed aerodynamics 气动热力学aerothermodynamics 亚声速流[ 动] subsonic flow 跨声速流[ 动] transonic flow 超声速流[ 动] supersonic flow 锥形流conical flow 楔流wedge flow 叶栅流cascade flow 非平衡流[ 动] non-equilibrium flow 细长体slender body 细长度slenderness 钝头体bluff body 钝体blunt body 翼型airfoil 翼弦chord 薄翼理论thin-airfoil theory 构型configuration 后缘trailing edge 迎角angle of attack 失速stall 脱体激波detached shock wave 波阻wave drag 诱导阻力induced drag 诱导速度induced velocity 临界雷诺数critical Reynolds number 前缘涡leading edge vortex 附着涡bound vortex 约束涡confined vortex 气动中心aerodynamic center 气动力aerodynamic force 气动噪声aerodynamic noise 气动加热aerodynamic heating 离解dissociation 地面效应ground effect 气体动力学gas dynamics 稀疏波rarefaction wave 热状态方程thermal equation of state 喷管Nozzle 普朗特- 迈耶流Prandtl-Meyer flow 瑞利流Rayleigh flow 可压缩流[ 动] compressible flow 可压缩流体compressible fluid 绝热流adiabatic flow 非绝热流diabatic flow 未扰动流undisturbed flow 等熵流isentropic flow 匀熵流homoentropic flow 兰金- 于戈尼奥条件Rankine-Hugoniot condition 状态方程equation of state 量热状态方程caloric equation of state 完全气体perfect gas 拉瓦尔喷管Laval nozzle 马赫角Mach angle 马赫锥Mach cone 马赫线Mach line 马赫数Mach number 马赫波Mach wave 当地马赫数local Mach number 冲击波shock wave 激波shock wave 正激波normal shock wave 斜激波oblique shock wave 头波bow wave 附体激波attached shock wave 激波阵面shock front 激波层shock layer 压缩波compression wave 反射reflection 折射refraction 散射scattering 衍射diffraction 绕射diffraction 出口压力exit pressure 超压[ 强] over pressure 反压back pressure 爆炸explosion 爆轰detonation 缓燃deflagration 水动力学hydrodynamics 液体动力学hydrodynamics 泰勒不稳定性Taylor instability盖斯特纳波Gerstner wave 斯托克斯波Stokes wave 瑞利数Rayleigh number 自由面free surface 波速wave speed, wave velocity 波高wave height 波列wave train 波群wave group 波能wave energy 表面波surface wave表面张力波capillary wave 规则波regular wave 不规则波irregular wave 浅水波shallow water wave 深水波deep water wave 重力波gravity wave 椭圆余弦波cnoidal wave 潮波tidal wave 涌波surge wave 破碎波breaking wave 船波ship wave 非线性波nonlinear wave 孤立子soliton 水动［力］噪声hydrodynamic noise 水击water hammer 空化cavitation 空化数cavitation number 空蚀cavitation damage 超空化流supercavitating flow 水翼hydrofoil 水力学hydraulics 洪水波flood wave 涟漪ripple 消能energy dissipation 海洋水动力学marine hydrodynamics 谢齐公式Chezy formula 欧拉数Euler number 弗劳德数Froude number 水力半径hydraulic radius 水力坡度hvdraulic slope 高度水头elevating head 水头损失head loss 水位water level 水跃hydraulic jump 含水层aquifer 排水drainage 排放量discharge 壅水曲线back water curve 压［强水］头pressure head 过水断面flow cross-section 明槽流open channel flow 孔流orifice flow 无压流free surface flow 有压流pressure flow 缓流subcritical flow急流supercritical flow 渐变流gradually varied flow 急变流rapidly varied flow 临界流critical flow 异重流density current, gravity flow 堰流weir flow 掺气流aerated flow 含沙流sediment-laden stream 降水曲线dropdown curve 沉积物sediment, deposit 沉［降堆］积sedimentation, deposition 沉降速度settling velocity 流动稳定性flow stability 不稳定性instability 奥尔- 索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeld equation 涡量方程vorticity equation 泊肃叶流Poiseuille flow 奥辛流Oseen flow 剪切流shear flow 粘性流［动］viscous flow 层流laminar flow 分离流separated flow 二次流secondary flow 近场流near field flow 远场流far field flow 滞止流stagnation flow 尾流wake ［flow］回流back flow 反流reverse flow 射流jet 自由射流free jet 管流pipe flow, tube flow 内流internal flow 拟序结构coherent structure 猝发过程bursting process 表观粘度apparent viscosity 运动粘性kinematic viscosity 动力粘性dynamic viscosity 泊poise 厘泊centipoise 厘沱centistoke 剪切层shear layer 次层sublayer流动分离flow separation 层流分离laminar separation 湍流分离turbulent separation 分离点separation point 附着点attachment point 再附reattachment 再层流化relaminarization 起动涡starting vortex 驻涡standing vortex 涡旋破碎vortex breakdown 涡旋脱落vortex shedding 压［力］降pressure drop 压差阻力pressure drag 压力能pressureenergy 型阻profile drag 滑移速度slip velocity 无滑移条件non-slip condition 壁剪应力skin friction, frictional drag 壁剪切速度friction velocity 磨擦损失friction loss 磨擦因子friction factor 耗散dissipation 滞后lag 相似性解similar solution 局域相似local similarity 气体润滑gas lubrication 液体动力润滑hydrodynamic lubrication 浆体slurry 泰勒数Taylor number 纳维- 斯托克斯方程Navier-Stokes equation 牛顿流体Newtonian fluid 边界层理论boundary later theory 边界层方程boundary layer equation 边界层boundary layer 附面层boundary layer 层流边界层laminar boundary layer 湍流边界层turbulent boundary layer 温度边界层thermal boundary layer 边界层转捩boundary layer transition 边界层分离boundary layer separation 边界层厚度boundary layer thickness 位移厚度displacement thickness 动量厚度momentum thickness 能量厚度energy thickness 焓厚度enthalpy thickness 注入injection 吸出suction 泰勒涡Taylor vortex 速度亏损律velocity defect law 形状因子shape factor 测速法anemometry 粘度测定法visco[si] metry 流动显示flow visualization 油烟显示oil smoke visualization 孔板流量计orifice meter 频率响应frequency response 油膜显示oil film visualization 阴影法shadow method 纹影法schlieren method 烟丝法smoke wire method 丝线法tuft method 说明氢泡法nydrogen bubble method 相似理论similarity theory 相似律similarity law 部分相似partial similarity 定理pitheorem, Buckingham theorem 静[态]校准static calibration 动态校准dynamic calibration 风洞wind tunnel 激波管shock tube 激波管风洞shock tube wind tunnel 水洞water tunnel 拖曳水池towing tank 旋臂水池rotating arm basin 扩散段diffuser 测压孔pressure tap 皮托管pitot tube 普雷斯顿管preston tube 斯坦顿管Stanton tube 文丘里管Venturi tube U 形管U-tube 压强计manometer 微压计micromanometer 多管压强计multiple manometer 静压管static [pressure]tube 流速计anemometer 风速管Pitot- static tube 激光多普勒测速计laser Doppler anemometer ,laser Doppler velocimeter 热线流速计hot-wire anemometer 热膜流速计hot- film anemometer 流量计flow meter 粘度计visco[si] meter 涡量计vorticity meter 传感器transducer , sensor 压强传感器pressure transducer 热敏电阻thermistor 示踪物tracer 时间线time line 脉线streak line 尺度效应scale effect 壁效应wall effect 堵塞blockage 堵寒效应blockage effect 动态响应dynamic response 响应频率response frequency 底压base pressure 菲克定律Fick law 巴塞特力Basset force 埃克特数Eckert number 格拉斯霍夫数Grashof number 努塞特数Nusselt number 普朗特数prandtl number 雷诺比拟Reynolds analogy 施密特数schmidt number 斯坦顿数Stanton number 对流convection 自由对流naturalconvection, free convec-tion 强迫对流forced convection 热对流heat convection 质量传递mass transfer 传质系数mass transfer coefficient 热量传递heat transfer 传热系数heat transfer coefficient 对流传热convective heat transfer 辐射传热radiative heat transfer 动量交换momentum transfer 能量传递energy transfer 传导conduction 热传导conductive heat transfer 热交换heat exchange 临界热通量critical heat flux 浓度concentration扩散diffusion 扩散性diffusivity 扩散率diffusivity 扩散速度diffusionvelocity 分子扩散molecular diffusion 沸腾boiling 蒸发evaporation 气化gasification 凝结condensation 成核nucleation 计算流体力学computational fluid mechanics 多重尺度问题multiple scale problem 伯格斯方程Burgers equation 对流扩散方程convection diffusion equationKDU 方程KDV equation 修正微分方程modified differential equation 拉克斯等价定理Lax equivalence theorem 数值模拟numerical simulation 大涡模拟large eddy simulation 数值粘性numerical viscosity 非线性不稳定性nonlinear instability 希尔特稳定性分析Hirt stability analysis 相容条件consistency condition CFL 条件Courant- Friedrichs- Lewy condition ,CFL condition 狄里克雷边界条件Dirichlet boundary condition 熵条件entropy condition 远场边界条件far field boundary condition 流入边界条件inflow boundary condition 无反射边界条件nonreflecting boundary condition 数值边界条件numerical boundary condition 流出边界条件outflow boundary condition 冯. 诺伊曼条件von Neumann condition 近似因子分解法approximate factorization method 人工压缩artificial compression 人工粘性artificial viscosity 边界元法boundary element method 配置方法collocation method 能量法energy method 有限体积法finite volume method 流体网格法fluid in cell method,FLIC method 通量校正传输法flux-corrected transport method 通量矢量分解法flux vector splitting method 伽辽金法Galerkin method 积分方法integral method标记网格法marker and cell method, MAC method 特征线法method ofcharacteristics 直线法method of lines 矩量法moment method 多重网格法multi- grid method 板块法panel method 质点网格法particle incell method, PIC method 质点法particle method 预估校正法predictor-corrector method 投影法projection method 准谱法pseudo-spectral method 随机选取法random choice method 激波捕捉法shock-capturing method 激波拟合法shock-fitting method 谱方法spectral method 稀疏矩阵分解法split coefficient matrix method 不定常法time-dependent method 时间分步法time splitting method 变分法variational method 涡方法vortex method 隐格式implicit scheme 显格式explicit scheme 交替方向隐格式alternating direction implicit scheme, ADI scheme 反扩散差分格式anti-diffusion difference scheme 紧差分格式compact difference scheme 守恒差分格式conservation difference scheme 克兰克- 尼科尔森格式Crank-Nicolson scheme 杜福特- 弗兰克尔格式Dufort-Frankel scheme 指数格式exponential scheme 戈本诺夫格式Godunov scheme 高分辨率格式high resolution scheme 拉克斯- 温德罗夫格式Lax-Wendroff scheme 蛙跳格式leap-frogscheme 单调差分格式monotone difference scheme 保单调差分格式monotonicity preserving diffe-rence scheme 穆曼- 科尔格式Murman-Cole scheme 半隐格式semi-implicit scheme 斜迎风格式skew-upstream scheme 全变差下降格式total variation decreasing scheme TVD scheme 迎风格式upstream scheme , upwind scheme 计算区域computational domain 物理区域physical domain 影响域domain of influence 依赖域domain of dependence区域分解domain decomposition 维数分解dimensional split 物理解physical solution 弱解weak solution 黎曼解算子Riemann solver 守恒型conservation form 弱守恒型weak conservation form强守恒型strong conservation form 散度型divergence form 贴体曲线坐标body-fitted curvilinear coordi-nates [ 自] 适应网格[self-] adaptive mesh 适应网格生成adaptive grid generation 自动网格生成automatic gridgeneration 数值网格生成numerical grid generation 交错网格staggered mesh 网格雷诺数cell Reynolds number 数植扩散numericaldiffusion 数值耗散numerical dissipation 数值色散numerical dispersion 数值通量numerical flux 放大因子amplification factor 放大矩阵amplification matrix 阻尼误差damping error 离散涡discrete vortex 熵通量entropy flux 熵函数entropy function 分步法fractional step method。

艾默生雷达液位计资料目录一、雷达液位计结构组成与工作原理二、雷达液位计测量系统结构组成三、雷达液位计工具软件及使用四、雷达液位计校定五、罗斯蒙特2210 显示装置六、雷达液位计故障判断处理一、雷达液位计结构组成与工作原理1、结构组成：雷达液位计是由发射器头（TH）与天线组成。

发射器头一般是通用的，同系列雷达液位计间可以互换。

天线有多种形式，从而形成多种型号的雷达液位计。

发射器头由表体和电子单元（THE）组成。

电子单元由微波单元、信号处理、数据通信、电源及瞬变保护电路板等构成。

二、雷达液位计测量系统结构组成及接线１、计测量系统结构组成：SAAB雷达液位计测量系统是由RTG液位计、FCU现场通讯单元、RTL/2现场总线、DAU现场数据采集单元、多点温度计MST（RTD测温元件Pt100)等组成，如下图所示 ，通过FCU 与DCS 通讯。

雷达液位计：RTG39、RTG40，罐旁指示仪：DAU2100、RDU40、751，DU2210-R ，多点温度计：MST 2、相关技术参数3、电气连接：罗斯蒙特PRO系列变送器具有两个分开的接线盒X1和X2分别用来连接设备电源、输出和显示装置。

采用DC或AC作为具有较宽输入范围的内置电源，变送器供电单元可自动将电压调整到指定电压极限范围内的适用电压。

变送器输出为非本质安全HART/4-20mA 主要模拟输出或非本质安全基金会现场总线。

罗斯蒙特PRO 变送器连接示意图3.1 端子块X1接线端子1-2：用于连接非本质安全HART/4-20 mA主要模拟输出或非本质安全基金会现场总线。

端子3-4：用于连接电源输入。

端子A：电气安全接地端子。

变送器端子块X1 接线图3.2 端子块X2接线通过四根导线，将显示装置与接线盒内的X2端子块连接。

端子A：与显示装置接地端子连接。

端子5：与显示装置的电源线相连接。

端子6和7：与显示装置的信号线连接。

变送器端子块X2接线图3.3 2210显示装置连接罗斯蒙特2210显示装置可在工厂装配在PRO系列雷达液位变送器外壳上或在现场进行远程安装。

加强标注用语的规范性提高服务质量能在实时和后台资料上实现对实时出现的各种钻井工程、泥浆和录井作业进行注释说明（Notations），从而有利地服务于钻井监控及有效地分析和利用录井资料（Mud Logging Data）是ALS-2综合录井系统的一个优点。

在对外服务中，这项工作是提供服务的一个外在表现，标记的正确与否，能否使甲方正确地理解是日常服务质量的一个重要组成部分。

我们经常在资料上标注Change A New Dry Tube（换干燥管），仔细分析起来不难发现其中有许多不妥之处，首先，Change的本意是（改变），但我们做该项工作时并没有对其进行任何的变更，而只是换上了一个新的，所以应当用Replace（替换）; 再者，我们所用的干燥管是靠干燥剂对气体的吸附而起到对气体干燥的目的，所以这种类型的干燥管应当是Absorption Tube而非Dry Tube, 由此得出该项工作的正确标注应当为Replace A New Absorption Tube, 只有这样才能使以英语为本民族语的人看起来易懂、避免了理解上的歧异。

下面，根据对外服务的实践，将综合录井经常用到的或以后可能用到的标注语进行汇总，希望对实时录井和资料的验收及解释工作有所帮助。

1.Power Failure （电源故障。

用来标注外电源已断开并可预示由于断电而导致的记录轨迹失真现象）2.Paper Jammed (打印机经常出现的卡纸问题)3.Leakproofness Inspection from Gas Trap (从脱气器处进行封闭性检查。

注：为避免与钻井工程除气器的英语表达相冲突，录井仪脱气器用Gas Trap表示为妥。

)4.Carbide Test from Gas Trap (电石气测试脱气器封闭性)5.Repl ace a New … (泛指所有相同物件的替代作业，如：Replace a NewCUP Sensor (换新CUP 传感器、Replace a New Hub换新集线器)6.Lower Pump Rate (指由于液面低而引起的气体峰值衰减现象)7.L ubricate …(可指日常相关的维护、保养作业，如：Lubricate the GasTrap保养脱气器等)8.Hash (由于电波动所引起的瞬时数据采集错误，如我们通常所说的毛刺)9.Free… From（At）…(将…从…地方移走，如：Free Mud from Trip Tank将泥浆从计量罐中移走)10.Background Gas （背景气）11.Trip Gas（起、下钻气）12.Gas Aftereffects（后效气）13.Secondary Gas Aftereffects（二次后效气）14.Gas Shows（气显示）15.Oil Shows（油显示）16.Contaminated Gas（污染气，由于加入了荧光添加剂或泥浆受到了其它物品的污染而使气体基值幅度上升，此时，应及时标注该项）17.Pipe Gas （接单根气）18.…Ca libration （指不同与实时录井的所有设备标定，如：FIDCalibration标定色谱，H2S Sensor Calibration标定硫化氢传感器）19.…be Broken (指所有已坏而待检修的设备，如：Gas Trap Was Broken脱气器坏了)20.Notify something to somebody or Notify Somebody of Something(将……告知……，注：该项标注方式是最确切的预报表达方法，在对外服务中使用频繁，如：Notify the Duty Driller and Supv. of Abnormal Formation Pressure通知当班司钻和监督(注：现场地质监督多称为Wellsitter)地层压力异常，SPP Goes Down, Driller be Notified.通知司钻力压下降。

伺服液位计操作简介一、伺服液位计操作面板简介1.1、显示及操作单元1.1.1、HOME位置接通电源后仪表带背光的双行16位液晶显示屏所显示的画面称为HOME位置（或主画面），如图：A、B、C、D为各区域的代码；#代表数字或符号；方框代表字母或连词。

A：代表当前的液位值（单位为mm）；B：代表温度值（在伺服液位计上不显示单位，在罐旁显示以上显示单位）；C：代表仪表状态；D：代表浮子状态；1.1.1.1、下表为仪表状态说明：1.1.1.2、浮子状态说明1.2、按键说明：伺服液位计为光敏按键，操作时不用打开表壳就可完成操作：提示：z如果超过10分钟仍无键被按，液晶屏就会回到起始位置。

z用“+”或“-”键分别增加或减小数据，如果连续按“+”或“-”键，则最低位的数据首先改变，在最低位的数据经过一个循环后，第二低位的数据将会改变，在第二低位的数据经过一个循环后接着是第三位数据，依此类推。

如果从触摸控制玻璃屏上移开手指，操作过程将从最低位数据又重新开始(类似机械计数器)。

z在液晶屏的最底部有一条横线，正好横在三个按键的上方，当按压按键时按键上方的横线会断开，这表明该按键已经起作用。

1.3、操作说明：通过操作编程矩阵来选择静态和动态矩阵组、功能组和各项功能1.4、矩阵结构说明：编程矩阵由多个矩阵组构成，也就是一个静态矩阵和多个动态矩阵，在编程矩阵中的每个矩阵组、功能组和功能都可以通过触摸操作单元来选择，如图所示。

二：操作2.1、设定密码在“HOME”状态下按压“E”键大于3秒，进入矩阵，首先显示的是“Measured Value 1”（测量值 1），间断的按压“+”键直到画面显示“More Function”（功能选择）然后按压“E”键进入，然后间断按压“E”键直到进入功能“GVH=039 ACCESS CODE”（功能位置为：GVH=039，访问代码）。

默认值是“0”，按“+”键第一个数字由“0”增加到“9”然后又跳回“0”后，第二个数字开始由“0”增加，当增加到“4”后移开手指，然后数字会自动跳到“5”（有一点滞后），此时数字为：“50”， 轻轻地再按“+”键一次将最低位由“ 0”变成“1 ”，数字就成了“51”，此时再按“E”键，将显示“EDITING ENABLE”（允许编辑），密码设定完毕，然后再次按压“E”键。

大型储罐罐容积标定程序Huge Tank Capacity Calibration Procedure目录TABLE OF CONTENTS1.目的PURPOSE2.适用范围SCOPE3.参考文献REFERENCES4.检定要求CALIBRATION REQUIREMENTS5.检定人员CALIBRATION STAFF6.检定设备CALIBRATION INSTRUMENTS7.检定步骤CALIBRATION STEPS8.数据处理及罐容表、检定证书打印DATA PROCESSING, TANK CAPACITY TABLES ANDCALIBRATION CERTIFICATE PRINTING9.检定证书及罐容表盖章PUTTING-A-SEAL ON THE CALIBRATION CERTIFICATEAND TANK CAPACITY TABLES1.目的PURPOSE本程序为确保油罐容量值准确可靠，满足国家计量检定规程的要求，检定后总容量的扩展不确定度为0.1%（k=2），做到科学、公正。

In order to keep the amount of oil tank capacity accurate and reliable so as to be in accordance with the national calibration rules, it is requested that the expand uncertainty of the whole capacity be 0.1﹪(k＝2) so that it will be scientific and fair.2.适用范围SCOPE本程序适用于xx公司xx座立式金属油罐的标定。

This procedure is applicable to the tank measuring of xxProject xx vertical metal tanks.3.参考文献REFERENCES3.1 JJG168—2002 国家计量检定规程《立式金属罐容量》JJG168-2002National Metrology Calibration Rules: Vertical Metal Tank Capacity3.2 OIML 国际建议NO.71固定贮存罐的通用要求OIML International Recommendation No. 71: Fixed Storage Tanks General Requests3.3 ISO7507.1－1993石油及液体石油产品—立式圆筒形油罐的标定（围尺法）ISO7507.1-1993 Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products—Verification Regulation of the Vertical Cylindrical Metal Tank(strapping method)3.4 ISO7507.2－1993石油及液体石油产品—立式圆筒形油罐的标定（光学垂准线法，适用于直径8米以上的罐）ISO7507.2-1993 Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products—Verification Regulation of the Vertical Barrel-shape Tank (optical reference line method,applies to tanks over 8-m diameter)3.5 GB/T13235.1—1991石油和液体石油产品—立式圆筒形金属油罐容积标定法（围尺法）GB/T13235.1-1991 Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products—Verification Regulation of the Vertical Cylindrical Metal Tank Capacity(strapping method)3.6 GB/T13235.2—1991石油和液体石油产品—立式圆筒形金属油罐容积标定法（光学参比线法）GB/T13235.2-1991 Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products—Verification Regulation of the Vertical Cylindrical Metal Tank Capacity (optical reference line method)3.7 GB/T13235.3—1995石油和液体石油产品—立式圆筒形金属油罐容积标定法（光电内测距法）GB/T13235.3-1995 Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products—verification regulation of the Vertical Cylindrical Metal Tank Capacity (photoelectric inner distance measure method)4.检定要求CALIBRATION REQUIREMENTS4.1 技术要求TECHNOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS●罐体椭圆度不得超过1%。

SPECIFICATIONAPI Spec 11P, Packaged Reciprocating Compressors for Oil and Gas Production ServicesAPI Spec 12B, Bolted Tanks for Storage of Production LiquidsAPI Spec 12D, Field Welded Tanks for Storage of Production LiquidsAPI Spec 12F, Shop Welded Tanks for Storage Production LiquidsAPI Spec 12GDU, Glycol-Type Gas Dehydration UnitsAPI Spec 12J, Oil And Gas SeparatorAPI Spec 12J, Oil Gas SeparatorsAPI Spec 12K, Indirect Type Oil-Field HeatersAPI Spec 12L, Vertical and Horizontal Emulsion TreatersAPI Spec 12P, Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic TanksAPI Spec 17K, SPECIFICATION FOR BONDED FLEXIBLE PIPEAPI Spec 5CT, Specification for Casing and Tubing)API Spec 5L, Specification for Line PipeAPI Spec 5LC, Specification for CRA Line PipeAPI SPEC 6A, Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree EquipmentAPI Spec 6A, Wellhead and Christmas Tree EquipmentAPI Spec 6D, Pipeline ValvesAPI Spec 6D, Specification For Pipeline ValvesAPI Spec 6D_ed21_1994_Suppleement2STANDARDAPI St 1104, Welding Of Pipelines and Related Facilities.API St 1104, Welding Of Pipelines and Related Facilities Errata.API St 2000, Venting Atmospheric And Low Pressure Storage Tanks.API St 2510, Design And Construction Of LPG Installations.API St 2555, Method for Liquid Calibration of Tanks.API St 2610, Design, Construct, Operation, Maintenance, Inspec of Terminal & Tank Facilities.API St 521, Pressure-relieving and de-pressuring systems.API St 526, Flanged Steel Pressure Relief Valves.API St 527, Seat Tightness of Pressure Relief Valves.API St 530, Calculation of Heater-Tube Thickness in Petroleum Refineries.API St 535, Burners For Fired Heaters In General Refinery Services.API St 537, Flare Details For General Refinery And Petrochemical Service.API St 560, Fired Heaters for General Refinery Service.API St 581, Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps And Compressors For Petroleum, Services.API St 589, Fire Test for Evaluation of Valve Stem Packing.API St 594, Check Valves Wafer, Wafer-Lug, and Double Flanged Type.API St 598, Valve Inspection and Testing.API St 599, Metal Plug Valves-Flanged and Welding Ends.API St 600, Bolted Bonnet Steel Gate Valves.API St 602, Compact Steel Gate Valves-Flanged, Threaded, Welding, and Extended-Body Ends. API St 603, Corrosion-Resistant, Bolted Bonnet Gate Valves-Flanged and Butt-Welding Ends. API St 607, Fire Test for Soft-Seated Quarter-Turn Valves.API St 608, Metal Ball Valves.API St 609, Butterfly Valves.API St 610, Centrifugal Pumps.API St 611, General-Purpose Steam Turbines.API St 612, Special Purpose Steam Turbines For Petroleum, Chemical, And Gas Industry Services. API St 613, Special Purpose Gear Units For Petroleum, Chemistry & Gas Ind Service.API St 614, Lubrication, Shaft-Sealing, And Control-Oil Systems And Auxiliaries.API St 616, Gas Turbines for the Petroleum Chemical and Gas Industry Services.API St 617, Axial And Centrifugal Compressors And Expander-Compressors.API St 618, Reciprocating Compressors For Petroleum Chemical And Gas Industry Services.API St 619, Rotary Type Positive Displacement Compressor.API St 620, Design and construction of Large Welded Low Pressure Storage Tanks.API St 620, Design and construction of Large Welded Low Pressure Storage Tanks_ad.1. API St 620, Design and construction of Large Welded Low Pressure Storage Tanks_ad.3. API St 650, Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage.API St 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction.API St 660, Shell-And-Tube Heat Exchangers For General Refinery Services.API St 661, Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers For General Refinery Service.API St 662, Plate Heat Exchangers For General Refinery Services.API St 670, Machinery Protection System.API St 671, Special-Purpose Couplings.API St 672, Packaged, Integrally Geared Centrifugal Air Compressors.API St 673, Centrifugal Fans For Petroleum, Chemical And Gas Industry Services.API St 674, Positive Displacement Pump-Reciprocating.API St 675, Positive Displacement Pumps - Controlled Volume.API St 676, Positive Displacement Pumps - Rotary.API St 677, General Purpose Gear Units For Petroleum, Chemical, And Gas Industry Services. API St 682, Shaft Sealing Systems For Centrifugal And Rotary Compressors.OTHERAPI - Security Guidelines Fro The Petroleum Industry.API - Technical Databook - Petroleum Refining - 6Th Ed (1997).API 510 Pressure Vessel Inspection CodeAPI BULL 2U, Stability Design of Cylindrical ShellsAPI BULL 2V, Flat Plate StructuresAPI Insp 510, Pressure Vessel Inspec Code_Maintenance Inspec, Rating, Repair, Alteration API Insp 570, Piping Inspec Code-Inspec,Repair,Alteration,Rerating In-service Piping SystemsAPI Pub 2030, Fixed Water Spray System For Fire ProtectionAPI Pub 327, Aboveground Storage Tanks Standard - TutorialAPI Pub 4465, Treatment Technologies For Refinery WastesList API StandardsRECOMMENDED PRACTICEAPI Rec 1102, Steel Pipelines Crossing Railroads And HighwaysAPI Rec 2A-WSD, Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore PlatformsAPI Rec 2FPS, Planning, Designing And Constructing Floating Production SystemsAPI Rec 500, Classification Of Locations For Electrical Instalations In Petroleum FacilitiesAPI Rec 505, Classification Of Locations For Electrical Installations At Petroleum Facilities API Rec 520_Part 1, Sizing, Selection & Installation of Pressure-Relieving Devices in Refineries API Rec 520_Part 2, Sizing, Selection & Instalation Of Pressure-Relieving Devices In Refineries API Rec 521, Guide For Pressure-Relieving And Depressuring SystemsAPI Rec 536, Post-Combustion NOx Control for Fired EquipmentAPI Rec 540, Electrical Installations In Petroleum Processing PlantsAPI Rec 551, Process Measurement InstrumentationAPI Rec 556, Instrumentation And Control Systems For Fired Heaters And Steam Generators API Rec 579, Fitness for ServiceAPI Rec 580, Risk Based InspectionAPI Rec 581, Risk-Based Inspection, Base Resource DocumentAPI Rec 5L1, Railroad Transportation of Line PipeAPI Rec 5L3, Conducting Drop-Weight Tear Tests on Line PipeAPI Rec 5L8, Field Inspection Of New Line PipeAPI Rec 5LW, Transportation of Line Pipe on Barges and Marine VesselsAPI Rec 651, Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Petroleum Storage TanksAPI Rec 80, Guidelines for the Definition of Onshore Gas Gathering LinesAPI RP 1102 (1993)API RP 1109 (1993)API RP 1110 (1991)API RP 1111 (1999)API RP 1114 (1994)API RP 1117 (1996)API RP 1141 (1994)API RP 12N (1994)API Rp 12r1 (1997)API RP 14B (1994)API RP 14C_2001-ed7_SafetySystemForOffshAPI RP 14E (1991)API RP 14G (1993)API RP 14H (1994)API RP 14J (2001)API RP 14J_2001-ed2_HazardAnalysisOffshAPI RP 1604 (1996)API RP 1615 (1996)API RP 1621 (1993)API RP 1631 (2001)API RP 1632 (1996)API Rp 16Q - Design, Selection, Operation And Maintenance Of Marine Drilling Risers Systems API Rp 17A (1996)API Rp 17B (1998)API Rp 17G (1995)API RP 2016 (2001)API RP 2201 (1995)API RP 2210 (2000)API Rp 2350 (1996)API Rp 2350 - Overfill Protection For Storage Tanks In Petroleum Facilities (2Nd, 1996)API Rp 2A-Lfrd (1997)API Rp 2Sk (1996)API RP 2T 2nd EdAPI RP 500_ed2-1997API Rp 55 - Oil And Gas Producing And Operation Facilities, Hydrogen Sulfide h2SAPI RP 552 (1994)API RP 553 (1998)API RP 554 (1995)API RP 555 (2001)API RP 556 (1997)API RP 557 (2000)API Rp 572 (2Nd 2001 80P)-Pressure Vessels InspectionAPI Rp 573 - Inspection Of Fired Boilers And Heaters (1St, 1991)API Rp 574 (1998)Piping System ComponentsAPI Rp 575 (1995) Inspection - Pressure-Relieving DevicesAPI RP 576 (2000)API Rp 577 - Welding Inspection And MetallurgyAPI RP 578 (1999)API Rp 579 (2000) Fitness-For-Service First EditionAPI RP 582 (2001)API RP 591 (1998)API Rp 5b1 - Gauging And Inspection Of Casing, Tubing, And Line Pipe Threads - 5Th Ed, 1999 API Rp 5L ed42 Specification for line pipe 2000API RP 5L8 ed2 Field inspection of new line pipe 1996API Rp 5Lw - Transportation Of Line Pipe On Barges And Marine Vessels - 2Nd Ed, 1996 API RP 621 (2002)API RP 651 (1997)API RP 652 (1997)API RP 683 (1993)API RP 686 (1996)API RP 687 (2001)API Rp 941 5Th 1997 (Steel For Hydrogen ServiceMANUAL OF PETROLEUM MEASUREMENT STANDARDSAPI Mpms 10.1, Sediment and WaterAPI Mpms 10.2, Sediment and WaterAPI Mpms 10.3, Sediment and WaterAPI Mpms 10.4, Sediment and WaterAPI Mpms 10.5, Sediment and WaterAPI Mpms 10.6, Sediment and WaterAPI Mpms 10.7, Sediment and WaterAPI Mpms 10.8, Sediment and WaterAPI Mpms 10.9, Sediment and WaterAPI Mpms 11.1.2, Volume Correction FactorsAPI Mpms 12.1, Calculation of Petroleum QuantitiesAPI Mpms 12.2, Calculation of Petroleum QuantitiesAPI Mpms 12.2.1, Calculation of Petroleum QuantitiesAPI Mpms 12.2.2, Calculation of Petroleum QuantitiesAPI Mpms 12.2.3, Calculation of Petroleum QuantitiesAPI Mpms 12.2.4, Calculation of Petroleum QuantitiesAPI Mpms 12.2.5, Calculation of Petroleum QuantitiesAPI Mpms 13.1, Statistical Aspects of Measuring and SamplingAPI Mpms 14.3.1, Natural Gas Fluids MeasurementAPI Mpms 14.3.2, Natural Gas Fluids MeasurementAPI Mpms 14.3.3, Natural Gas Fluids MeasurementAPI Mpms 14.3.4, Natural Gas Fluids MeasurementAPI Mpms 14.4, Natural Gas Fluids MeasurementAPI Mpms 14.8, Natural Gas Fluids MeasurementsAPI Mpms 15, Guidelines for the Use of the International System of Units API Mpms 17.5, Marine MeasurementAPI Mpms 17.7, Marine MeasurementAPI Mpms 17.8, Marine MeasurementAPI Mpms 19.2, Evaporative-loss MeasurementAPI Mpms 19.3F, Evaporative-loss MeasurementAPI Mpms 2.2B, Tank CalibrationAPI MPMS 2.2C, Tank CalibrationAPI MPMS 2.2D, Tank CalibrationAPI Mpms 2.2F, Calibration of horizontal cylindrical tanksAPI Mpms 2.8A, Tank CalibrationAPI Mpms 21.1, Flow Measurement Using Electronic Metering Systems API MPMS 3.3 Tank GaugingAPI Mpms 3.4, Tank GaugingAPI Mpms 3.5, Tank GaugingAPI Mpms 3.6, Tank GaugingAPI Mpms 4.1, Proving SystemsAPI Mpms 4.2, Proving SystemsAPI Mpms 4.3, Proving SystemsAPI Mpms 4.4, Proving SystemsAPI Mpms 4.5, Proving SystemsAPI Mpms 4.6, Proving SystemsAPI Mpms 4.7, Proving SystemsAPI Mpms 4.8, Proving SystemsAPI Mpms 5.1, MeteringAPI Mpms 5.2, MeteringAPI Mpms 5.3, MeteringAPI Mpms 5.4, MeteringAPI Mpms 5.5, MeteringAPI Mpms 5.6, MeteringAPI Mpms 5.8, MeteringAPI Mpms 6.1, Metering AssembliesAPI Mpms 6.2, Metering AssembliesAPI Mpms 6.3, Metering AssembliesAPI Mpms 6.4, Metering AssembliesAPI Mpms 6.5, Metering AssembliesAPI Mpms 6.6, Metering AssembliesAPI Mpms 6.7, Metering AssembliesAPI Mpms 7.1, Temperature Determination API Mpms 7.2, Temperature Determination API Mpms 7.3, Temperature Determination API Mpms 7.4, Temperature Determination API Mpms 8.1, SamplingAPI Mpms 8.2, SamplingAPI MPMS 8.3, SamplingAPI Mpms 8.4, SamplingAPI Mpms 9.1, Density Determination API Mpms 9.2, Density Determination。

HANI TM Tank Sensor - High Accuracy Non-Invasive Temperature Sensor for Metal Tank ApplicationsHybrid temperature sensing on metal tanks integrated with Omega Link connectivity• N on-invasive temperature measurement • M easure the fluid temperature inside of a metal tank • A ccuracy for Metal Tanks:±0.5 °C (±0.9 °F) (stainless steel)±1.0 °C (±1.8 °F) (other metals)• R esponse time 1 = 5 sec (t63) / 10 sec (t90)• 4 to 20 mA loop powered analog output • -20 to 100 °C process temperature range • A vailable for metal tanks 2 feet in diameter or larger• Omega Smart Core enabled • Data logging • Plug and play device detection • IP67 environmental rating • Patent pendingEase of InstallationNo cutting or drilling required Unlike invasive sensors, HANI™ Tank Sensors mount to the outside of a metal tank and read thetemperature of the process media inside the tank. • No drilling • No cutting • No downtimeNon-Invasive & Non-Contact OperationNo penetration, no risk of contaminationThe HANI™ Tank Sensor mounts to the outside of the tank and never comes into contact with the process media inside of the tank. This means there is no risk of contamination to the process during sensor installation or operation.High Accuracy & Fast Response TimesOutperforms a surface sensor Omega’s patent pending Hybrid Temperature Sensing platform uses multiple sensors and a proprietary algorithm to achieve betteraccuracy and faster response timesthan a surface sensor.Common ApplicationsNew and retrofitting existing systemsLower the total cost of ownership and reduce contamination riskwithout sacrificing performance by upgrading to a HANI™ Tank Sensor.SpecificationsInput PowerVoltage: 8 V DC to 28 V DC (loop powered)Max Loop Resistance: R max (Ω)= (V supply -8 V)/0.24 AAnalog OutputCurrent: 4 to 20 mAUser scalable analog output, default scaling -20 to 100 °C (-4 to 212 °F)Process ParametersProcess Medium: Water, water-based fluids (others upon request)Tank Materials: SS, CS, GS, CU, BR, ALTank Diameter: 2 ft or larger Process Temperature Range: -20 to 100 °C liquid (-4 to 212 °F)PerformanceAccuracy with fluid filled tank: ±0.5 °C from factory and improved accuracy possible within-situation 1 or 2-point calibration Response Time (t63): 5 seconds Response Time (t90): 10 secondsEnvironmentalAmbient Operating Temperature: 0 to 40 °C (32 to 104 °F)Rating: IP67 when matedMechanicalDimensions:111.1 W x 65.9 L x 43.8 mm H (4.38 W x 2.60 L x 1.72” H)Materials: PA12, silicone rubber, nickel-plated brass, stainless steelGeneralAgency Approvals: CE, EMC, UKCA, 2014/30/EU, LVD 2014/35/EU class I I product, (low voltage 8 to 28 V DC )Smart Core EnabledSmart Core is integral to all Omega Link integrated Smart Sensing devices. In addition to allowing for modular integration using any Omega Link Smart Interface, this powerful suite of advanced features enables alarms and notifications, data assurance, data logging,storage, wireless connectivity and SYNC configuration.Frequently Asked QuestionsHow can a HANI™ temperature sensor have faster response times and better accuracy than a surface sensor?Omega’s innovative HANI™ Tank Sensor includes multiple sensors along with a proprietary algorithm to achieve faster response times and better accuracy than a surface sensor.Will ambient temperature affect the reading of the HANI™ Tank Sensor? Ambient temperature will not affect the reading of the HANI™ Tank Sensor. Operating temperature for the tank sensor is 0 to 40 °C(32 to 104 °F).How should the sensor be oriented on the pipe?The sensor can be mounted on any tank with a diameter of 2 feet or larger. It is suggested to mount the tank sensor with the studs orientedvertically.How can I improve the accuracyof the tank sensor in my tank application?An in-situation user calibration can be done to improve the accuracy for your specific application. Use the free Omega Sync software to do a 1 or 2-point calibration with the HANI™ Tank Sensor and an in place immersion sensor. See the user manual for additional details. Other than water-based process mediums, can other liquids and viscosities be measured?Yes, please contact us to discussyour specific application.HANI™ Bolt-On Temperature Sensor for Metal TankM12 8-Pin WiringPin Name Function WiringPin 1Loop - 4 to 20 mA Return 4 to 20 mAPin 2INTR Interrupt Signal Omega LinkPin 3SCL I2C Clock Signal Omega LinkPin 4SDA I2C Data Signal Omega LinkPin 5Shield Shield Ground Omega LinkPin 6Loop + 4 to 20 mA Source 4 to 20 mAPin 7GND Power Ground Omega LinkPin 8 3.3VDD Power Supply Omega LinkModel Number Process Temp Range Tank Diameter HANI-B-TANK-M-MA-20 ° to 100 °C (-4 ° to 212°F)≥ 2 ftModel Number DescriptionIF-001USB Smart InterfaceIF-002RS485/Modbus Smart InterfaceIF-006-1-NA Wireless Interface 915 MHZ (for North America)IF-006-1-EUWireless Interface 868 MHZ (for Europe)Omega Link Smart InterfaceOmega Link Smart Sensing devices require an Omega Link Smart Interface to operate and connect to your Omega Link Ecosystem. There are both wired and wireless options. Omega Sync software is free and enables you to read the fluidtemperature digitally in just a few seconds.Model Number DescriptionGW-001-0Wired IIoT Gateway, Standard, Ethernet connectivity, Modbus RTU RS232/RS485 and Modbus TCPGW-001-2-NA Wireless IIoT Gateway Standard, Ethernet connectivity, connects up to 100 Omega Link Smart Sensors - 915 MHzGW-001-2-EU Wireless IIoT Gateway Standard, Ethernet connectivity, connects up to 100 Omega Link Smart Sensors - 868 MHzGW-001-3-NA Wireless IIoT Gateway Standard, Ethernet connectivity, connects up to 100 Omega Link Smart Sensors - 915 MHzGW-001-3-EU Wireless IIoT Gateway Standard, Ethernet connectivity, connects up to 100 Omega Link Smart Sensors - 868 MHzGW-002-1-LTEWireless LTE IIoT Gateway Pro connects up to 40 Omega Link Smart Sensors, Modbus RTU RS232/RS485 and Modbus TCP , 1x RJ45 port, 1x USB port - 915 MHzOmega Link GatewayAn Omega Link Gateway is required to connect the Smart Interface and sensing device to the Omega Link ecosystem.AccessoriesModel Number DescriptionM12.8-T-SPLIT Smart Probe M12-8 pin shielded T-splitter — enables access to I/O pins M12.8-S-F-FM M12-8 pin female straight plug field install connector with screw terminals DM12CAB-8-1-RA 1 m (3.3 ’) cable dual M12-8 connector, right angle terminator DM12CAB-8-3-RA 3 m (9.8 ’) cable dual M12-8 connector, right angle terminator DM12CAB-8-5-RA 5 m (16.4 ’) cable dual M12-8 connector, right angle terminator DM12CAB-8-1 1 m (3.3 ’) cable dual M12-8 straight connector DM12CAB-8-3 3 m (9.8 ’) cable dual M12-8 straight connector DM12CAB-8-55 m (16.4 ’) cable dual M12-8 straight connector。