下载文档原格式
大学物理试题(国外英文资料)College physics examination questionsFirst, the multiple-choice questions: (39 points)1. (3 points)The acceleration of a particle moving at a radius of R is the magnitude of the acceleration (V means the velocity of a particle at any time)(A) (B)(C) (D) [[]]2. (3 points)An object of mass m falls from the air and is affected by gravity as well as a resistance proportional to the square of velocity. The coefficient of proportionality is k, and K is the normal number. The closing velocity of the falling object (i.e., the speed at which the final object moves at uniform speed) will be(A) (B)(C) GK (D) [[]]3. (3 points)A spring oscillator of M quality is placed horizontally at rest in equilibrium. As shown, a bullet with a mass of M is injected into the oscillator at a horizontal velocity and then moved along with it. If the level is smooth, then the maximum potential energy of the spring is(A) (B)(C) (D) [[]]4. (3 points)A child of the quality of M stands on the edge of a horizontal platform with a radius of R. The platform can rotate freely through a vertical, smooth, fixed axis through its center. The moment of inertia is J. Both the platform and the child are stationary at the start. When the child suddenly moves counter clockwise toward the edge of the platform at a rate of V relative to the ground, the angular velocity and the rotation direction of the platform relative to the ground are(A) clockwise.(B) counter clockwise.(C) clockwise.(D) counter clockwise. [...]5. (3 points)Two different ideal gases, if their most probable rates are equal, their(A) equal to the average rate, root mean square speed equal.(B) equal to the average rate, root mean square speed is not equal.(C) the average rate is not equal, the root mean square speed equal.(D) the average rate is not equal, not equal to the root mean square speed. [...]6. (3 points)According to the second law of thermodynamics:(A) work can be converted to heat, but heat can not be converted to power.(B) heat can be transferred from a hot object to a cryogenic substance, but not from a cryogenic object to a high temperature object.(C) irreversible processes are processes that cannot proceed in the opposite direction.(D) all spontaneous processes are irreversible. [...]7. (3 points)There are several explanations for the interpretation of Gauss's theorem:(A) if the Gauss surface is zero everywhere, there is no charge in the plane.(B) if the Gauss surface has no charge, then the Gauss surface is zero everywhere.(C) if there is no zero on the Gauss surface, there must be charges in the Gauss plane.(D) if there is a net charge in the Gauss plane, the electric flux through the Gauss surface must not be zero.(E) Gauss's theorem applies only to electric fields with high symmetry. [...]8. (3 points)The radius of the cross section of a long straight wire is a, and a thin cylinder with a radius of B is coaxially arranged outside the conductor, and the two of them are insulated from each other. And the outer cylinder is grounded as shown. The electric charge per unit length of the wire is +, and the potential of the earth is zero. Then the field strength and the electric potential of the P point (Op=r) between the twoconductors are respectively:(A)(B)(C)(D) [[]]9. (3 points)The square coils with side lengths are respectively represented by two modes of current I (wherein the AB and CD are coplanar with the square), and in these two cases, the magnetic induction intensity of the coil at the center of the coil is respectively(A)(B)(C)(D) [[]]10. (3 points)The picture shows four charged particles in the same direction perpendicular to the magnetic field line, and the deflection trajectory of the magnetic field is injected into the uniformmagnetic field. The direction of the magnetic field is perpendicular to the surface of the O,The trajectory of the four particles is equal in mass and the magnitude of the electric energy is equal. In that case, the trajectory of the negatively charged particles with the largest kinetic energy is(A) Oa (B) Ob(C) Oc (D) Od [...]11. (3 points)A mass of simple harmonic vibration on the X axis, the amplitude of A = 4cm, T = 2S cycle, its equilibrium position is taken as the origin of coordinates, if t=0 the first moment of the particle by x= 2cm, and to the negative direction of X axis motion is second 2cm particle by x= at the moment(A) 1s (B) (2/3) s(C) (4/3) s (D) 2S [[]]12. (3 points)Using wedge interference method can detect surface defects, when the wavelength of monochromatic parallel light vertical incident, if the interference fringes observed as shown in the figure, each part of the fringe vertex exactly with left fringeof the straight part of the tangent line, then the surface of the workpiece and bending at the corresponding part of the fringe(A) raised, and the height is (B) raised, and the height is...(C) depressions, and the depth is (D) depressions, and the depth is []13. (3 points)A beam of light is a mixture of natural light and polarized light, let it through a vertical polarizer, if this incident beam axis rotating polarizer, the measured transmission light intensity maximum is 5 times the minimum value, then the incident beam in natural light and polarized light intensity ratio is(A) 1 / 2 (B) 1 / 5(C) 1 / 3 (D) 2 / 3Two, fill in the blanks: (46 points)1. (3 points)Let the particles move along the X axis. When the initial condition is t=0, the initial velocity is v0=0, and the coordinate x0=10 is a=4t. Then the equation of motion is.2. (3 points)Under the action of constant force F, an object moves in a straight line. The equation of motion is x=A-Bt+ct2 (A, B, C is constant), and the mass of the object should be m=.3. (3 points)At a constant speed, the quality of M ship, respectively, forward and backward at the same time the level of two throws of equal mass (m) objects thrown two objects relative to the ship the same rate (U) expression of the ship and try to write in the process of the system of the law of conservation of momentum (don't have Jane, for reference).4. (5 points)As shown in the figure, a homogeneous consolidation in a thin rod end ball, and can rotate around a horizontal smooth fixed shaft O to rotate, there is a bullet along with the horizontal angle direction and embedded in the ball hit, then hit in the process of conservation, cricket, bullets, rod system, the reason is. The process of cricket bat and ball increased after being hit in the conservation on cricket, bullets, rod, earth system.5. (3 points)At room temperature, the pressure of the ideal gas of 1 moldiatomic molecules is P, and the volume is V, and the average kinetic energy of the gas molecule is.6. (3 points)If the pressure and volume of an ideal gas remain constant, but the mass and temperature change, then can the internal energy change?.7. (3 points)The thermodynamic temperature of a high temperature heat source is n times of the thermodynamic temperature of a low temperature heat source. In a Kano cycle, the heat delivered by a gas to a cryogenic heat source is twice as much as that obtained from a high temperature heat source.8. (3 points)A simple harmonic wave propagates along the positive direction of the X axis. The relation curves between the vibration velocity and time at two points of X1 and X2 are shown as follows (a) and (b), and the distance between X1 and X2 is known as (lambda lambda).9. (3 points)White light (4000-7000) vertical incidence of 4000 slits per centimeter of grating, can produce the level of the complete visible spectrum.10. (3 points)A charged metal ball, when it is surrounded by a vacuum, stores the electrostatic energy of Wo and keeps its energy constant,It is immersed in an infinite isotropic homogeneous dielectric with relative dielectric constant, when its electrostatic energy is We =.11. (6 points)The three basic assumptions of Bohr's theory of hydrogen atoms are:(1),(2),(3).12. (5 points)An electron at a rate of motion of 0.99c (electron rest mass of 9.11 * 1031kg), then the total electron energy is J, the kinetic energy of classical mechanics and relativistic electron kinetic energy ratio.13. (3 points)Static mass is me the potential for electronic, electrostaticfield accelerated U12, without considering the effect of relativity, the De Broglie wavelength lambda = E.Three. Calculation questions: (65 points)1. (10 points)The equation of motion of a known particle is (as a constant),Find (1) the trajectory equation and velocity of the particle(2) the velocity of a particle and the rotation direction ofa particle(3) the relation between the acceleration of a particle and the vector?2. (10 points)M was a short tube, with a length of hard straight rod suspension as shown in figure L, quality can be ignored, with ether droplets Sheng tube, pipe with mass m cork closed, when the heating tube cork in the ether vapor pressure to fly out, hanging around the tube O in the vertical plane for a complete circular motion, then the minimum speed of the cork flew out for? If you change a hard straight pole into a string, what if?3. (10 points)Having two concentric spherical shells with a radius of insulation for each other, and when the + Q is given to the inner ball:(1) the charge distribution and electric potential of the outer sphere;(2) re insulating the ball after grounding, the charge distribution and the electric potential of the outer sphere(3) then, the inner sphere is grounded, the charge distribution of the inner sphere and the potential of the outer sphere4. (10 points)As shown in the figure, the plane charged ring two coplanar, the inner and outer radius are respectively R1, R2 and R2, R3, the outside of the ring to a second N2 RPM clockwise, inside the ring to a second N1 rpm counterclockwise. If the charge surface density is the ratio of the N1 to the N2, the magnetic induction intensity at the center of the circle is zero.5. (10 points)As shown in the figure, the current long straight conductor for I, a B C D rectangular frame with a long straight conductorcoplanar, and the a D A D C / B a B edge D side is fixed, a and C B to speed without friction uniform translational t=0, a, B and C D side edge coincidence, set line inductance negligible.(1) for example, i=I0, seek the electromotive force in a B, a, B, two points, which point has high potential?(2) the total induced electromotive force in the wire frame when the a b t is moved to the position shown by i=I0cos omega.6. (10 points)A plane harmonic wave propagates along the negative direction of the Ox axis, the wavelength is lambda, and the vibration law of the particle at P is shown in figure.(1) seeking the vibration equation of particle at P;(2) find the wave equation of this wave;(3) in the figure, the vibration equation of the particle at the coordinate origin O is calculated.7. (5 points)In the experiment of single slit Fraunhofer diffraction for white, second bright fringe center is measured at the wavelength of third level bright fringe center and thewavelength for the red wavelength for overlap.Second pageThree hundred and thirty-oneSouth China University of TechnologyIn 2004, I studied the master's degree entrance examination papers(the answer to the test paper is invalid. Please answer it on the answer sheet. After the test, this volume must be returned with the answer sheet.)Subject name: General PhysicsApplicable profession: Philosophy of science and technology Common pageFirst page。
西南交通大学大物A作业解析西南交大物理系_2013_02《大学物理AI 》作业角动量角动量守恒定律班级 ________ 学号 ________ 姓名 _________ 成绩 _______一、判断题：（用“T ”和“F ”表示）[ F ] 1．如果一个刚体所受合外力为零，其合力矩一定为零。
[ F ] 2．一个系统的动量守恒，角动量一定守恒。
[ T ] 3．一个质点的角动量与参考点的选择有关。
[ F ] 4．刚体的转动惯量反映了刚体转动的惯性大小，对确定的刚体，其转动惯量是一定值。
[ F ] 5．如果作用于质点的合力矩垂直于质点的角动量，则质点的角动量将不发生变化。
二、选择题:1．有两个半径相同、质量相等的细圆环A 和B 。
A 环的质量分布均匀，B 环的质量分布不均匀。
它们对通过环心并与环面垂直的轴的转动惯量分别为A J 和B J ，则[ C ] (A) A J >B J(B) A J(D) 不能确定A J 、B J 哪个大2．绕定轴转动的刚体转动时, 如果它的角速度很大, 则[ D ] (A) 作用在刚体上的力一定很大 (B) 作用在刚体上的外力矩一定很大(C) 作用在刚体上的力和力矩都很大 (D) 难以判断外力和力矩的大小3．一个可绕定轴转动的刚体, 若受到两个大小相等、方向相反但不在一条直线上的恒力作用, 而且力所在的平面不与转轴平行, 刚体将怎样运动[ C ] (A) 静止 (B) 匀速转动 (C) 匀加速转动 (D) 变加速转动4．绳的一端系一质量为m 的小球, 在光滑的水平桌面上作匀速圆周运动. 若从桌面中心孔向下拉绳子, 则小球的[ A ] (A) 角动量不变 (B) 角动量增加(C) 动量不变 (D) 动量减少5．关于力矩有以下几种说法：(1) 对某个定轴而言，内力矩不会改变刚体的角动量 (2) 作用力和反作用力对同一轴的力矩之和必为零(3) 质量相等，形状和大小不同的两个刚体，在相同力矩的作用下，它们的角加速度一定相等在上述说法中，[ B ] (A) 只有(2)是正确的 (B) (1)、(2)是正确的(C) (2)、(3)是正确的 (D) (1)、(2)、(3)都是正确的6. 一圆盘正绕垂直于盘面的水平光滑固定轴O转动，如图射来两个质量相同、速度大小相同，方向相反并在一条直线上的子弹，子弹射入圆盘并且留在盘内，则子弹射入后的瞬间，圆盘的角速度ω [ C ] (A) 增大 (B) 不变(C) 减小 (D) 不能确定三、填空题:1．如图所示的俯视图表示5个同样大小的力作用在一个正方形板上，该板可以绕其一边的中点P 转动。
©西南交大物理系_2013_02《大学物理AI》作业No.05 狭义相对论班级________ 学号________ 姓名_________ 成绩_______ 一、判断题：（用“T”和“F”表示）狭义相对论时空观认为：[ T ] 1．对质量、长度、时间的测量，其结果都会随物体与观察者的相对运动状态不同而不同。
解：正确，质量，长度，时间的测量，都与惯性系的选择有关。
[ T ] 2．在一惯性系中发生于同一时刻的两个事件，在其他惯性系中可能是不同时刻发生的。
解：“同时性”具有相对性。
直接由洛伦兹变换得到。
[ T ] 3．惯性系中的观察者观测一个相对他作匀速运动的时钟时，会观测到这时钟比与他相对静止的相同的时钟走得慢些。
解：动钟变慢。
[ F ] 4．Sam驾飞船从金星飞向火星，接近光速匀速经过地球上的Sally。
两人对飞船从金星到火星的旅行时间进行测量，Sally所测时间较短。
解：Sally所测时间是非原时，Sam所测的时间是原时，一切的时间测量中，原时最短。
所以应该是Sam所测的时间短。
[ F ] 5．图中，飞船A向飞船B发射一个激光脉冲，此时一艘侦查飞船C正向远处飞去，各飞船的飞行速率如图所示，都是从同一参照系测量所得。
由此可知，各飞船测量激光脉冲的速率值不相等。
解：光速不变原理。
二、选择题:1．两个惯性系S和S′，沿x (x′)轴方向作匀速相对运动. 设在S′系中某点先后发生两个事件，用静止于该系的钟测出两事件的时间间隔为τ0，而用固定在S系的钟测出这两个事件的时间间隔为τ ．又在S′系x′轴上放置一静止于该系，长度为l0的细杆，从S系测得此杆的长度为l , 则[D ] (A) τ < τ0；l < l 0． (B) τ < τ0；l > l 0．(C) τ > τ0；l > l 0． (D) τ > τ0；l < l 0．解：τ0 是原时，l 0是原长，一切的时间测量中，原时最短；一切的长度测量中，原长最长。
大学物理英语教材题库Introduction:Physics is a fundamental subject that plays a crucial role in understanding the laws and principles that govern the natural world. For university students studying physics, it is important to have access to a comprehensive and reliable textbook that not only covers the core concepts but also offers a variety of practice questions. In this article, we will explore the importance of a physics textbook in English, specifically designed for university students.Section 1: Benefits of a Physics Textbook in English1.1 Enhanced Language Skills:Studying physics in English can improve language proficiency, particularly in scientific terminology and usage. A physics textbook in English enables students to develop their reading and comprehension skills, as well as expand their vocabulary within the context of physics.1.2 Global Perspective:English is the international language of science, and having a physics textbook in English allows students to access a wider range of resources and research materials. It provides exposure to scientific advancements and discoveries from around the world, fostering a global perspective in the field of physics.1.3 Preparation for Academic and Professional Success:With English being the dominant language in academic and professional settings, a physics textbook in English equips students with the necessary language skills for higher education and future scientific careers. It prepares students for international collaborations, conferences, and research work.Section 2: Features of an Effective Physics Textbook2.1 Comprehensive Coverage:An ideal physics textbook should cover all the essential topics and concepts in a systematic and thorough manner. It should include detailed explanations, diagrams, and examples to facilitate understanding. Additionally, it should provide practice questions to reinforce learning.2.2 Relevance to University Curriculum:The content of a physics textbook should align with the university curriculum to ensure that students are studying relevant and up-to-date material. It should follow a logical progression, building upon previously learned topics and preparing students for advanced physics courses.2.3 Engaging and Interactive Elements:To sustain student interest, a physics textbook should incorporate interactive elements such as online simulations, videos, or supplementary materials. These features enhance the learning experience and provide opportunities for hands-on exploration of physics concepts.2.4 Diversity of Question Types:A good physics textbook should contain a diverse range of question types, including multiple-choice, numerical, conceptual, and problem-solving questions. This variety allows students to develop a comprehensive understanding of physics principles and practice different problem-solving techniques.Section 3: Importance of a Physics Question Bank3.1 Assessment Preparation:A physics question bank serves as a valuable resource for exam preparation. It provides students with a wide range of practice questions that cover different topics and difficulty levels. Students can assess their understanding and identify areas for improvement through regular practice.3.2 Reinforcement of Concepts:Practice questions in a physics question bank reinforce the understanding of key concepts and principles. By attempting various types of questions, students can solidify their knowledge and develop problem-solving skills, ultimately leading to better performance in exams.3.3 Self-paced Learning:A physics question bank allows students to learn at their own pace. They can choose specific topics or question types to focus on, enabling personalized learning and targeted improvement in areas of weakness. This flexibility promotes independent learning and self-motivation.Conclusion:In conclusion, a physics textbook in English designed for university students plays a vital role in enhancing language skills, providing a global perspective, and preparing students for academic and professional success.An effective physics textbook should have comprehensive coverage, relevance to the curriculum, engaging elements, and a diverse range of question types. Additionally, a physics question bank is essential for assessment preparation, concept reinforcement, and self-paced learning. By utilizing these resources, students can excel in their study of physics and develop a strong foundation for future endeavors in the field.。
习题11-1 P 点相对于原点的位矢26=-+p r i j m , P 点到Q 点的位移42∆=-r i j m, 求Q 点相对于原点的位矢并画图.解：设Q 点相对与原点的位矢为Q r ，则：24=+∆=+Q p r r r i j1-2一质点作直线运动，它的运动方程是2ct bt x -=, b , c 是常数. (1) 求此质点的速度和加速度函数；(2) 作出x t -，t υ-和a t -图解：这是一个一维的问题.速度 (2)dx ct b dtυ==-+， 加速度 2d a c dtυ==-. 图略.1-3物体按照29.4t x =的规律运动，x 的单位为米，t 的单位为秒. (1) 计算下列各时间段内的平均速度：1s 到1.1s,1s 到1.01s,1s 到1.001s; (2) 求1s 末的瞬时速度；(3) 解释上述结果解：这也是一个一维的问题.(1) 平均速度 x tυ∆=∆. 1s 到1.1s 内： 224.9 1.1 4.911.11x t υ∆⨯-⨯==∆-＝10.29 （m/s ）, 1s 到1.01s 内：224.9 1.01 4.911.011x t υ∆⨯-⨯==∆-＝9.849（m/s ）, 1s 到1.001s 内：224.9 1.001 4.911.0011x t υ∆⨯-⨯==∆-＝9.8049（m/s ）. (2) 速度 9.8dx t dtυ==. 1-4一质点以110m s -⋅的恒定速率向东运动. 当它刚到达距出发点为d 的一点时，立即以120m s -⋅的恒定速率返回原处. 问: 质点在全过程中的平均速度和平均速率为多少？解：取出发点为原点，向东为x 轴正方向. 从原点到x ＝d 处，作匀速直线运动，时间 11s t υ∆∆=＝d/10.从x ＝d 处返回原点作匀速直线运动，时间22st υ∆∆=＝d/20 (全过程中，平均速率 12s d d t t t υ∆+===∆∆+∆13.3 （m/s ） 返回原处时，位移x ∆＝0，平均速度x tυ∆=∆＝0. 1－5 矿井里的升降机由井底从静止开始匀加速上升，经过3s 速度达到13m s -⋅，然后以这个速度匀速上升6s ，最后减速上升经过3s 后到达井口时刚好停止. (1) 求矿井深度；(2) 作出x t -，t υ-和a t -图.解：（1）以井底为原点，向上为x 轴正向.在0—3s 内，升降机作匀加速直线运动:210112x t a t υ∆=+ (1) 2210112a x υυ=+∆. (2)其中00υ=. 由（1）、（2）两式得：1x ∆＝4.5(m).在3—9s 内，升降机以1υ＝3m/s 作匀加速直线运动,21x t υ∆=＝18（m/s ） (3)在9—12s 内，升降机作匀减速直线运动231212x t a t υ∆=- (4) 2221232a x υυ=-∆, (5) 其中20υ=. 由（4）和（5）两式得3x ∆＝4.5(m)矿井深度 123H x x x =∆+∆+∆＝4.5＋18＋4.5＝27(m).1-6湖中有一小船，岸上有人用一根跨过定滑轮的绳子拉船靠岸。
Concept Summery for FP FINAL 2012 spr.Chapter 1 【force and motion】(1) Concept1.particle: ideal object with mass, neglect size, shape, internal structure ...When the size of the object is much less than its moving range. It could be treat as a particle.2.description：equation of motion/position vector/displacement/Velocity (vector)/speed(scalar)/acceleration/instantaneous velocity/Angular velocity/acceleration –circular motion=>Common particle motions: Circular motion, projectile motion and general curvilinear motionmon force: Gravity/ Elastic force/ Friction/ Universal gravity4.Newton’s law of motion:[FIRST] Every object continues in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a straight line, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed upon it. [SECOND] The change of motion is proportional to the net force exert on the object, and occurs on the direction of the net force.[THIRD] If two objects interact, the force F12 exerted by object 1 on object 2 is equal in magnitude to and opposite in direction to the force F21 exerted by object 2 on object 1.5.Galilean relativity: You can not determine whether a frame is still or move at aconstant speed by mechanical experiment in this frame. This is called the Galilean relativity.(2) Calculation:1.v=dx/dt a=dv/dt 积分应用2.力学动力学过程分析Chapter 2【Conserved quantities and laws in motion】1.(1)Centroid: The center of mass of the system is called centroid.(2) Theorem of motion of centroid:No matter how distribution in mass of the body and how external froces are exerted on the body, the movement of centroid is like that all the mass as well as all the external force are focused at this point. (理解：炮弹飞行轨道上爆炸其质心运动的轨迹不变。
