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保留建筑EXISTING BUILDING已建建筑AS-BUILT新建建筑NEW BUILDING道路ROADWAY绿化LANDSCAPE汽车流线CAR ACCESS行人流线WALK ACCESS消防车流线FIRE BRIGADE ACCESS货车流线TRUCK ACCESS自行车流线BICYCLE ACCESS消防车道FIRE WAY主出入口MAIN ENTRENCE保安室NO.1 GUARD HOUSE主出入口 1 EXIT 1地下车库出口BASEMENT PARKING EXIT 自行车停车场BICYCLE PARKING自行车停车位BICYCLE STAND总停车位CAR PARK其中INCLUDE地上停车位AT-GRADE CAR PARK地下停车位UNDERGROUND CAR PARK 空调管线AIR CONDITIONING强电电缆LV 10KV弱电电缆ELV电缆10KV HV供水管SUPPLY WATER污水管WASTE WATER雨水管RAIN WA TER消防管线FIRE HYDRANT西门子(中国)总部SIEMENS CENTER BEIJING说明NOTE1.本图依据城市道路高程及市政管线标高等资料并结合场地排水、场地地形、土方平衡等因素进行竖向设计。
1.THE DRAWING WITH "VERTICALHEIGHT DESIGN" IS BASED ON CITYROADWAY ENGINEERING WITH CITYBUREAU PIPELINE HEIGHT INDICATIONDOCUMENT SITE DRAINAGE, SITETOPOGRAPHY, AND SOIL BALANCE AREINCORPORA TED INTO THE DESIGN.2.本图所用坐标系统为北京市城市坐标系统，所用高程为规划高程。
2.THE DRAWING INCORPORATESBEIJING CITY COORDINA TE SYSTEM.ALL THE INDICATIVE HEIGHTS AREPLANNING HEIGHTS.3.图中道路横坡按1.5%设计，最小纵坡为0.2%。
1、图纸drawing2、蓝图blueprint3、平面图plan4、基地平面，建筑设计总平面site plan5、规划总平面master plan6、首层平面ground level floor plan （英）first level floor plan （美）ground floor plan （英）first floor plan （美）7、公共建筑public building8、办公楼office building9、教学楼teaching building10、低层建筑low-rise building11、多层建筑mid-rise building12、高层建筑high-rise building13、塔楼tower building14、裙楼skirt building15、景观分析与评估landscape analysis and assessment16、交通体系分析图circulation analysis17、占总用地比例Percentage of land use(%)18、人均用地面积land area per capitaaverage land area per person19、居住用地Residential20、公共设施用地Commercial and Public Facilities21、工业用地Industrial / Manufacturing22、建筑占地面积building coverage area23、建筑密度building coverage ratiobuilding density24、绿化面积green area25、绿地率green ratio26、总建筑面积(GFA）total / overall / gross floor area27、容积率( FAR ）floor area ratio/plot ratio28、实用面积usable area29、地下层Basement level/ floor30、地下一层Basement level/ floor 1Basement 1 level/ floor31、地下二层Basement level/ floor 2Basement 2 level/ floor32、城市规划Urban planning33、景观规划landscape planning34、城市总体规划纲要master planning outline。
V ALIDATION MASTER PLAN验证主计划(China) Co., Ltd.MANUFACTURING PLANT有限公司工厂PREPARED BY:制定人：QA MANAGER QA经理CHECKED BY:审核人：HEAD OF QA 质量经理APPROVED BY:批准人：VERSION/版本：V ALID DATE/生效日期Content/目录1.INTRODUCTION 简介 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41.1. Validation policy 验证方针------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 41.2. Aim of the Validation Master Plan (VMP) 验证主计划（VMP）的目的--------------------------------- 42.LOCATION 位置 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63.RESPONSIBILITIES 职责-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 64.V ALIDATION: FLOW SHEETS AND DEFINITIONS 验证：流程和定义 ------------------- 104.1. General criteria 一般标准 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------104.2. Validation flow chart 验证流程图 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 114.3. Operative scheme 实施程序 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------125.ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA 接收标准： ------------------------------------------------------------- 165.1. General acceptance criteria for qualifications 确认的一般接收标准 --------------------------------------165.1.1. Design Qualification (DQ) 设计确认（DQ） ---------------------------------------------------------165.1.2. Installation Qualification (IQ) 安装确认（IQ） ------------------------------------------------------165.1.3. Operation Qualification (OQ) 运行确认（OQ）------------------------------------------------------175.1.4. Performance qualification (PQ) 性能资料（PQ）----------------------------------------------------185.2. Specific acceptance criteria for qualifications 确认的专属接收标准--------------------------------------185.3. General acceptance criteria for process validations 工艺验证和一般接收 -------------------------------185.4. General acceptance criteria for cleaning validations 清洁验证的一般接收标准------------------------245.4.1. Chemical check 化学检查 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------245.4.2. Microbiological check 微生物检查 ----------------------------------------------------------------------256.QUALIFICATIONS AND V ALIDATIONS LISTS 确认和验证清单---------------------------- 266.1. List of GMP related building and building services qualifications including level of validation GMP相关的建筑物和厂房服务系统确认清单包括各层水平的验证 ------------------------------------------266.2. List of equipment qualifications including level of validation and critical items设备确认验证层次的重要项目之清单--------------------------------------------------------------------------276.2.1. MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT 生产设备 -------------------------------------------------------276.3. List of Quality Control Equipment including the level of qualification 质量控制设备清单 ----------296.3.1. Quality Control equipment – Chemical Laboratory 质量控制设备-化学试验室 ---------------296.3.2. Quality Control equipment – IPC 质量控制设备-中间过程控制室-------------------------------306.3.3. Quality Control equipment – Microbiological Laboratory质量控制设备–微生物试验室 -------------------------------------------------------------------------306.4. Analytical method validation 分析方法验证 -------------------------------------------------------------------316.5. List of products with manufacturing steps 产品清单及生产步骤 ------------------------------------------326.6. List of products including level of process validation 拟进行验证的产品清单 -------------------------336.7. Maintenance of validation 验证维护 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------347.DOCUMENTATION 文件 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 357.1. Validation protocol 验证方案--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------357.2. Validation report 验证报告-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------357.3. Deviations 偏差-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------367.4. Document structure for DQ, IQ, OQ, PQ. DQ, IQ, OQ及PQ的文件结构 -------------------------------367.5. Documents numbering 文件编号 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------387.6. Document filing of qualification and validation protocols and reports确认和验证方案及报告的归档 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------388.STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES 标准运作程序-------------------------------------- 389.GLOSSARY 术语----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3810.GUIDELINES ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44 ANNEX 1. ORGANIZATION CHART 附录1：组织机构图 ----------------------------------------- 45 ANNEX 2: LIST OF ROOMS IN GMP AREA 附录2：GMP房间清单 ---------------------------- 45 ANNEX 3: Annual validation plan 附录3：年度验证计划 -------------------------------------------- 481.INTRODUCTION简介1.1.Validation policy验证方针Validation is a part of our quality policy. We believe in it as a concept which provides both regulatory compliance and cost benefits. It is the responsibility of the Head of QA to assure that the compliance with this VMP is maintained. Plant Director to assure the resources necessary to achieve the compliance with this guideline shall be provided within the operating budgets of all organizational units.验证是我们质量方针的组成部份。
V ALIDATION MASTER PLAN验证主计划(China) Co., Ltd.MANUFACTURING PLANT有限公司工厂PREPARED BY:制定人：QA MANAGER QA经理CHECKED BY:审核人：HEAD OF QA 质量经理APPROVED BY:批准人：VERSION/版本：V ALID DATE/生效日期Content/目录1.INTRODUCTION 简介 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41.1. Validation policy 验证方针------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 41.2. Aim of the Validation Master Plan (VMP) 验证主计划（VMP）的目的--------------------------------- 42.LOCATION 位置 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63.RESPONSIBILITIES 职责-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 64.V ALIDATION: FLOW SHEETS AND DEFINITIONS 验证：流程和定义 ------------------- 104.1. General criteria 一般标准 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------104.2. Validation flow chart 验证流程图 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 114.3. Operative scheme 实施程序 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------125.ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA 接收标准： ------------------------------------------------------------- 165.1. General acceptance criteria for qualifications 确认的一般接收标准 --------------------------------------165.1.1. Design Qualification (DQ) 设计确认（DQ） ---------------------------------------------------------165.1.2. Installation Qualification (IQ) 安装确认（IQ） ------------------------------------------------------165.1.3. Operation Qualification (OQ) 运行确认（OQ）------------------------------------------------------175.1.4. Performance qualification (PQ) 性能资料（PQ）----------------------------------------------------185.2. Specific acceptance criteria for qualifications 确认的专属接收标准--------------------------------------185.3. General acceptance criteria for process validations 工艺验证和一般接收 -------------------------------185.4. General acceptance criteria for cleaning validations 清洁验证的一般接收标准------------------------245.4.1. Chemical check 化学检查 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------245.4.2. Microbiological check 微生物检查 ----------------------------------------------------------------------256.QUALIFICATIONS AND V ALIDATIONS LISTS 确认和验证清单---------------------------- 266.1. List of GMP related building and building services qualifications including level of validation GMP相关的建筑物和厂房服务系统确认清单包括各层水平的验证 ------------------------------------------266.2. List of equipment qualifications including level of validation and critical items设备确认验证层次的重要项目之清单--------------------------------------------------------------------------276.2.1. MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT 生产设备 -------------------------------------------------------276.3. List of Quality Control Equipment including the level of qualification 质量控制设备清单 ----------296.3.1. Quality Control equipment – Chemical Laboratory 质量控制设备-化学试验室 ---------------296.3.2. Quality Control equipment – IPC 质量控制设备-中间过程控制室-------------------------------306.3.3. Quality Control equipment – Microbiological Laboratory质量控制设备–微生物试验室 -------------------------------------------------------------------------306.4. Analytical method validation 分析方法验证 -------------------------------------------------------------------316.5. List of products with manufacturing steps 产品清单及生产步骤 ------------------------------------------326.6. List of products including level of process validation 拟进行验证的产品清单 -------------------------336.7. Maintenance of validation 验证维护 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------347.DOCUMENTATION 文件 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 357.1. Validation protocol 验证方案--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------357.2. Validation report 验证报告-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------357.3. Deviations 偏差-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------367.4. Document structure for DQ, IQ, OQ, PQ. DQ, IQ, OQ及PQ的文件结构 -------------------------------367.5. Documents numbering 文件编号 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------387.6. Document filing of qualification and validation protocols and reports确认和验证方案及报告的归档 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------388.STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES 标准运作程序-------------------------------------- 389.GLOSSARY 术语----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3810.GUIDELINES ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44 ANNEX 1. ORGANIZATION CHART 附录1：组织机构图 ----------------------------------------- 45 ANNEX 2: LIST OF ROOMS IN GMP AREA 附录2：GMP房间清单 ---------------------------- 45 ANNEX 3: Annual validation plan 附录3：年度验证计划 -------------------------------------------- 481.INTRODUCTION简介1.1.Validation policy验证方针Validation is a part of our quality policy. We believe in it as a concept which provides both regulatory compliance and cost benefits. It is the responsibility of the Head of QA to assure that the compliance with this VMP is maintained. Plant Director to assure the resources necessary to achieve the compliance with this guideline shall be provided within the operating budgets of all organizational units.验证是我们质量方针的组成部份。
Professional Vocabulary专业类Planning Map规划设计图：1.Construction Drawing施工图2.Master Plan总平面3.Details Plan细部设计、细部大样示意图yout Plan布置图5.Plot Plan基地图6.Vertical Plan竖向平面布置图7.Lighting Furniture Layout灯光平面布置示意图8.Paving Plan铺装示意图9.Site layout场地布局Drawing Content图纸内容：10.Legend图例11.Design Philosophy 设计哲学12.Design Concept 设计观念13.Sketch手绘图14.Cross Section剖面图15.Planting Reference Picture植物选样16.Design Intention 设计意向17.Reference Picture of Street Furniture街道家具布置意向图18.Spot Height参考标高图片19.Specification指定、指明、详细说明书20.Bird View Drawing鸟瞰图21.Perspective Drawing 透视图22.Water Supply and Drainage Design给排水设计23.Graphic Design平面设计Civil Design土建设计Analysis of Various Existing Circumstances 分析各类现有状况：24.Space Analysis景观空间分析25.Context/Regional Analysis 环境分析26.Function Analysis功能分析27.Circulation Analysis交通体系分析28.Parking System Analysis停车位分析129.Green & Blue Network Analysis绿地以及水路系统分析30.Service Facility Analysis服务设施分析31.Flow Analysis人流分析32.Existing Circumstance Analysis of Urban Landscape 城市现状分析33.Overall Development Analysis城市总体发展分析34.Sight Spot Analysis景观景点分析图35.Site Survey概况Landscape Design Category景观设计类：36.Industry Zone Design厂区景观设计37.Ecological Landscape Design生态景观设计38.Sustainable Landscape Design 可持续性景观设计39.Urban park Landscape Design城市公园景观设计40.Residential Development 住宅小区开发41.Streetscape Design 道路绿化景观42.Wetland Conservation 湿地保护43.Courtyard Villa 别墅庭院44.CBD 景观设计Centre Business District LandscapeDesign45.Business Park Landscape Design企业园区46.Tourism Area Landscape Design旅游观光区47.Suburban Parks Landscape Design郊野公园Landscape Sketches景观小品：48.Civic Centre Plaza市政中心广场49.Urban Plaza 都市广场50.Pavilion亭、阁51.Island岛52.Children’ Playground儿童活动区53.Waterfront Playground for Children儿童溪水广场54.Courtyard内院、院子55.Carpark停车场56.Alleyway Design后街，后巷57.Berm小平台58.Kiosk小亭子（报刊、小卖部）259.Outdoor Terrace室外平台60.Pond/Pool池、池塘61.Public Plaza公共休闲广场munal Plaza公共广场63.Relaxing Plaza休闲广场区64.Streetscape街景65.Sinking Down Plaza下沉广场Design Description设计描述：66.Skyline地平线67.Arc/Camber弧形68.Askew歪的、斜的69.Aesthetics美学70.Abstract Art抽象派71.Artist艺术家、大师72.Art Nouveau新艺术主义73.Be Integrated with与……结合起来74.Boundary/Border边界75.Central Axis中心公共主轴76.Multiple Layers 复合层次77.City Green Lungs城市绿肺78.Ecological Oxygen Bar 生态氧吧79.Local Community Identity地方特色80.Sustainable Development可持续发展81.Man and Nature Live in Harmony 人与自然和谐82.Sustainable Principle 可持续性原则83.Ecological System生态系统Planting Design Description植物类设计描述：84.Plant Buffer密集绿化85.Plant Canopy 树冠86.Planting Component植物配置87.Local Plant Identity因地制宜88.Street Plant一路一树89.Visual Focus Point视觉焦点90.Evergreen Species 常绿树种391.Deciduous Species 落叶树种92.Seasonal Change季相变化93.Bright Colors色彩绚丽94.Big Action, Large Scale and High Density “大手笔、大尺度、高密度”、95.New Technology 新技术96.New Species 新品种97.Local Plant Materials地方特色植物98.Groundcover Flowery Plant Species地被花卉植物99.Aquatic Plant水生植物100.Water Saving and Drought Tolerance Plant节水耐旱植物101.Sun Plant阳生植物102.Ephemeral Plant一年生103.Biennial Plant两年生104.Perennial Plant 多年生105.Isolated Plant孤植106.Coupled Planting对植107. A Cluster of Plant 丛植108. A Group of Plant组团种植109.Vegetation Zone片植Facility Instrument & Infrastructure (Landscape Architecture)设施设备类——景观：110.Art Wall艺术墙111.Bench座椅112.Corridor走廊113.Tensioned Membrane Structure张拉膜结构114.Flat Roof/Roof Garden平台115.Fence Wall围墙、围栏116.Balustrade/Railing栏杆117.Stadium Complex 综合体育场管118.Outdoor Steps/Exterior Steps室外/室外台阶119.Pedestrian Only Street步行街4120.River Bank河道121.Plaza Entrance入口广场122.Peninsula半岛Facility Instrument & Infrastructure (Road)设施设备类——道路：123.Avenue大道124.Access通道、入口125.Secondary Main Access辅助通道126.Cushion垫层127.Basement Parking地下车库128.Driveway车道129.One Way 单行道130.Motor Way机动车道131.Garage/Carport 车库/车位132.Footbridge人行天桥133.Fire Truck消防车134.Ramp斜坡道、残疾人坡道135.Emergency Access安全通道136.Sidewalk人行道137.Footpath步行道Implementation Material材料类：Stone Material石材：138.Broken-marble Patterned Flooring碎拼大理石地面139.Pebble小圆石、小鹅卵石140.Gravel碎石141.Crushed Gravel碎砾石142.Granite花岗石、花岗岩143.Pavement硬地铺装144.Safety Glass安全玻璃145.Asphalt沥青146.Light Slates轻质板岩147.Rough Rubble粗毛石5148.Polishing Marble抛光大理石Wood Material木材：posite Wood Material 复合木材150.Anticorrosive Material防腐木151.Bricks砖：152.Chain Brick连锁砖153.Hollow Tiling空心花砖154.Carborundum Brick碳化硅砖155.Wall Surface Pavement Material墙面地砖材料156.Clay Brick粘土砖Concrete混凝土：157.Cement石灰158.Lime Earth灰土159.Liquid Spill溢胶泥160.Plaster灰浆161.Bubble Concrete泡沫混凝土162.Reinforced Concrete钢筋混凝土163.Crushed Stone Concrete碎石混凝土Irrigation & Waterfront & Lighting灌溉水景灯光：164.Cascade小瀑布、叠水165.Water Curtain Wall水幕墙166.Dry Fountain旱喷泉167.Water Front 滨水地区168.Drainage System排水系统169.Fountain and Irrigation System喷泉系统170.Open Trench & Blind Ditch 暗沟，明沟171.Light Fixtures灯具172.Lighting Illumination照明设置173.Pipe/tube管子174.Pump泵ndscape Irrigation景观喷灌176.Farmland Irrigation农田灌溉6。
总体规划master plan[化] general plan ; overall plan ; [经] aggregate planning我国医疗体制改革已走过风风雨雨20年。
在历经数年探索之后，新医改方案几易其稿，“千呼万唤始出来”千呼万唤始出来,犹抱琵琶半遮面Only after our repeated calls did she appear; her face was still half hidden behind a pipa lute[lu:t]（诗琴；鲁特琴）(14-17世纪时用的)古琵琶play the lute to a cow对牛弹琴（play the lute to a cow -- to have [choose] the wrong audience；cast [throw] pearls before swine; play one's guitar to an ox ; preach to deaf ears ; Cast pearls before swine1. He explained the beauty of the music to her but it was just casting pearls before swine.他跟她讲解那音乐的美妙之处，但这只不过是对牛弹琴而已。
2. She read them Shakespeare, but it was casting pearls before swine.她为他们朗诵莎士比亚著作，但那等于对牛弹琴。
3. The whistle jigs to a milestone. 对牛弹琴。
4. With this customer, he felt himself, as it were, casting pearls before swine. 面对这个客商，他感到好像是在对牛弹琴。
5. Their hints about his behaviour were water off a duck's back. 他们示意他举止不当，如同对牛弹琴。
验证主计划Validation Master Plan起草人 Prepared by审核人 Reviewed by批准人Approved by生效Effective注：签名表示已对文件的准确性和完整性进行了审核并符合相关要求。
Note: Signature on this page indicate the document has been reviewed for accuracy and completeness.目录Contents1.项目介绍Project Introduction (3)2.目的Purpose (3)3.适用范围Scope (3)4.参考文献Reference Documents (4)5.验证职责 Validation Responsibilities (5)6.缩略语 Abbreviations (7)7.产品及工艺描述 Product and Process Description (8)8.设施、设备、仪器、系统描述 Facility\Equipment\ Instrument \System Description (8)9.验证原则 Validation Policy (9)10.验证策略Validation Strategy (9)11.验证文件 Validation Document (10)12.验证偏差管理和变更控制 Validation Deviation Management and Change Control (10)13.验证状态维护和系统退役 Validation Status Maintaining and System Retirement (10)14.验证矩阵和时间进度 Validation Matrix and Schedule (10)15.附件Attachments (10)16.修订历史Revision History (10)1. 项目介绍Project IntroductionXX有限公司位于XX，设计用于制造临床及商业用途的XX产品。
整体计划英语表达英文回答：Master Plan.The Master Plan is a comprehensive, long-term strategy that outlines the overall vision and goals for a specific project or organization. It typically encompasses a wide range of considerations, including:Mission and Vision Statements: These statements define the purpose and aspirations of the project or organization.Strategic Objectives: These are the specific goalsthat the Master Plan aims to achieve.Implementation Plan: This outlines the steps and resources that will be used to achieve the strategic objectives.Monitoring and Evaluation Plan: This establishes mechanisms for tracking progress and making adjustments as necessary.The Master Plan serves as a roadmap for decision-making and resource allocation throughout the life of the project or organization. It provides a clear understanding of the intended direction and facilitates coordination among stakeholders.Components of a Master Plan.A comprehensive Master Plan typically includes the following components:Executive Summary: A brief overview of the plan's key points.Background and Context: Information about the organization, project, or issue that the plan addresses.Mission and Vision Statements: Clear and concisestatements that define the purpose and aspirations of the project or organization.Strategic Objectives: Specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals.Implementation Plan: A detailed outline of the steps and resources that will be used to achieve the strategic objectives. This may include timelines, budgets, and personnel assignments.Monitoring and Evaluation Plan: A framework fortracking progress, identifying areas for improvement, and making adjustments as needed. This may include performance indicators, data collection methods, and reporting mechanisms.Appendices: Supporting documents, such as financial projections, stakeholder lists, or technical specifications.Importance of the Master Plan.A well-developed Master Plan is essential for ensuring the success of a project or organization. It provides a clear roadmap for decision-making, facilitates coordination among stakeholders, and enables effective monitoring and evaluation.Clarity and Direction: The Master Plan provides a shared understanding of the project's or organization's goals and objectives. This clarity helps to align efforts and ensure that everyone is working towards the same outcomes.Resource Allocation: The Master Plan helps to determine the resources that are needed to achieve the strategic objectives. This information can be used to develop realistic budgets and secure funding.Stakeholder Coordination: The Master Plan outlines the roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders. This helps to avoid duplication of effort and ensure that everyone is contributing effectively.Monitoring and Evaluation: The Master Plan establishes a framework for tracking progress and making adjustments as needed. This allows for early detection of potential risks and opportunities.Developing a Master Plan.Developing a Master Plan is an iterative process that typically involves the following steps:1. Stakeholder Engagement: Identify and engage with all stakeholders, including project team members, management, clients, and the community.2. Needs Assessment: Gather information and conduct analysis to identify the needs and challenges that the Master Plan will address.3. Goal Setting: Develop clear and achievable strategic objectives for the project or organization.4. Implementation Planning: Outline the specific steps,resources, and timeline that will be used to achieve the strategic objectives.5. Monitoring and Evaluation Planning: Establish mechanisms for tracking progress, identifying areas for improvement, and making adjustments as needed.6. Documentation and Communication: Develop a comprehensive Master Plan document and communicate it effectively to all stakeholders.Conclusion.The Master Plan is a critical tool for project and organizational success. It provides a roadmap for decision-making, resource allocation, stakeholder coordination, and monitoring and evaluation. By following a well-developed Master Plan, project and organizational leaders can increase their chances of achieving their goals and objectives.中文回答：总体计划。
常用的景观英文(最全)常用的景观英文(参考)1.封面cover page2.平面大样图plan detail3.铺装意向图paving image sheets4.铺装总平面图paving master plan5.灯具家具总平面图light & furniture master plan6.竖向总平面图level master plan7.手绘透视hand-drawing perspective8.功能分析function analysis9.竖向分析level analysis10.地形分析terrains analysis11.交通分析traffic analysis12.参考图片reference picture13.种植大样图detail planting14.种植设计planting design15.地形改造设计topography reform design16.地形图topographic map, contour map17.游览路线touring route18.景观节点分析图landscape node analysis19.目录content20.设计说明design explanation; introduction; design description21.总平面图master plan22.图例legend23.北方north24.透视图perspective25.索引平面图index plan26.剖面图section27.公共设施分布图publio facility plan28.分区平面图一part plan 1th29.大样detail30.景观意向图landscape images31.局部放大平面图enlargement plan32.区位分析site analysis33.植物空间分析planting space analysis34.介绍与背景introduction & background35.设计机遇design opportunities36.设计设想design vision37.设计元素design elements38.造价分析cost analysis39.施工现场服务construction site service40.概念设计conceptual design41.施工图construction drawing42.扩初设计development design43.立面elevation44.总体剖面图general section45.布置图layout plan46.基地图plot plan47.示意图presentation drawing48.场地布局site overall arrangement49.空间序列space sequence relation50.方案设计scheme design51.手绘草图sketch52.场地设计site planning53.街道家具布置意向图reference picture of street furniture54.景观景点主题分析图Landscape Theme Analysis55.灯光平面布置示意图Lighting Furniture Layout56.标识牌/背景音乐/垃圾桶布置图Marker/Background Music/GarbageBin57.现状分析existing condition analysis58.园林水景water scenes of garden59.水景 WATER FEATURE60.涌泉fountain61.喷泉water fountain62.瀑布 WATERFALL63.瀑布及跳舞喷泉WATER FALL AND DANCING FOUNTAIN64.旱喷泉 DRY FOUNTAIN65.水瀑SCAPE WATERFALL66.旱溪 DRY STREAM67.游泳池 SWIMMING POOL68.嬉水池 WADING POOL69.儿童泳池 CHILDREN＇S POOL70.巨大迎宾水景-2 GRAND WELCOMING FEATURE-271.入口跌级水景water feature at entrance72.中心水景广场center water feature plaza73.中心喷泉广场central plaza and fountain74.水中树池in water tree pool75.大型跌泉水景cascade spring water scape76.滨水码头waterfront dock77.渔人码头fisherman pier78.露天泳池outdoor swimming pool79.山涧forest and stream80.人工湖man-made lake81.叠水cascade82.荷花池lotus pond83.壁泉wall fountain84.湖lake85.睡莲池water-lily pool86.喷水池fountain pool87.水塘pond88.水池pool89.水面water surface90.水体water body91.特色水景water feature92.溪流、岩洞stream grotto93.鱼池fish pond94.生态湿地ecological wetland95.湿地wetland96.水渠water channel97.垂直水岸vertical water bank98.草地水岸lawn water bank99.石头水岸stone water bank100.园林小品small garden ornament 101.社区community102.每栋建筑入口 ENTRANCE PAVING TO UNIT 103.游客服务中心visitor center 104.服务中心service center105.电话亭telephone106.售楼处sales office107.架空层thru walk108.湖岸别墅lakeview villas109.山顶别墅mountain villas110.健身馆gym111.管理处management112.警卫室guard house113.园艺工作室gardener’s workshop114.温室greenhouse115.洗手间toilet116.会所clubhouse117.塔楼tower118.花架廊trellis119.特色花架feature trellis120.特色遮荫构架feature shade structure 121.凉亭 PAVILION122.户外淋浴 OUTDOOR SHOWER123.拉膜结构 TENSILE STRUCTURE124.造型张拉膜plastic velamen125.张拉膜、膜结构membrane126.弧形玻璃廊架arc glass pergola127.露天咖啡廊 OUT DOOR CAFE128.木质观景方亭wooden pavilion129.曲廊zigzag veranda130.水廊corridor on water131.茶亭tea booth, tea kiosk132.竹亭bamboo pavilion133.茅亭thatched pavilion134.回廊cloister135.休憩凳seating bench136.石景 ROCK137.散点石scattered stone 138.叠石stones laying139.孤赏石monolith, standing stone 140.黄石yellowish stone141.干砌石dry stone wall142.石洞stone cavern143.石岸rock bank144.石阶stone steps145.汀步stepping stone on water surface 146.石凳stone bench147.巨石景观giant stones148.园椅garden chair, garden seat149.园凳garden bench150.园桌garden table151.园灯garden lamp152.垃圾桶dustbin153.石碑stone tablet, stele154.坐凳栏杆seat rail155.扶手栏杆handrail156.树池坐凳矮墙seatwall-surrounded planting 157.假山rockery, artificial rock158.雕塑sculpture159.石景雕塑 ROCK SCULPTURE160.主题雕塑feature sculpture161.特色景墙feature wall162.游船boating163.道路系统road system164.导游图tourist map165.公园道路park road166.小区道路neighbourhood road167.小区主干道main loop road168.环山小径mountain trail169.河滨散步道riverfront walk170.石子路stone path171.健身步道health walk/jogging trail172.按摩道therapeutic massage area173.晨跑小路 JOGGING FOOTPATH174.车道/人行道 DRIVEWAY /SIDEWALK175.木栈道board walk176.散步道promenade177.林间小道path in woodland178.林荫大道boulevard179.林阴步道pedestrian promenade180.景观隔离带landscape buffer181.高速路freeway182.步石stepping stone183.小径alley, path184.漫步路trail, footway185.木桥 TIMBER BRIDGE186.吊桥 HANGING BRIDGE187.桥 BRIDGE188.曲桥zigzag bridge189.木板桥plank bridge190.石板桥stone slab bridge191.拱桥arch bridge192.园桥garden bridge193.缆索桥cable bridge194.架空桥bridge over path195.迎宾景观-1 WELCOMING FEATURE-1196.入口广场ENTRY PLAZA197.特色入口 ENTRY FEATURE198.石景广场 ROCKERY PLAZA199.主入口大门/岗亭(车行 & 人行) MAIN ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE (FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN )200.次入口/岗亭(车行 & 人行 ) 2ND ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE (FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN )201.商业中心入口 ENTRANCE TO SHOPPING CTR.202.人行天桥pedestrian overpass203.人行主入口main entrance path204.车行入口vehicle entrance205.车库入口parking entry206.休闲区relaxing area207.果园orchard grove208.平台花园podium garden209.下沉庭院sunken garden210.水上乐园water park211.儿童游乐园children’s activity garden212.儿童沙坑kids sand pit213.体育公园sports park214.禅学花园zen court215.欧式庭院european garden216.后花园back yard garden217.屋顶花园roof garden218.台地园terrace garden219.中庭patio220.后庭back yard, rear yard 221.前庭front yard, forecourt222.儿童娱乐区children’s play area223.健身区fitness station224.休息区seating area225.坐憩空间seating area226.开放空间open space227.封闭空间enclosure space228.开敞空间wide open space, wide space 229.过渡空间pass over space230.私密空间private space231.老年活动空间aged peoples area232.儿童活动空间kids play area233.开放广场open plaza234.林荫广场plaza under trees235.小型音乐广场minor musical plaza236.中心休闲广场center leisure plaza237.会所前广场club plaza238.儿童乐园 CHILDREN＇S PLAYGROUND 239.日艺园 JAPANESE GARDEN240.中心广场 CENTRAL PLAZA241.健身广场 EXERCISE PLAZA242.森林 FOREST GARDEN243.石景园 ROCKERY GARDEN244.绿地grass field(草坡)245.老年锻炼场elderly exercise area246.攀爬网net crawl247.冒险步径adventure trail248.攀岩区rock climbing249.野餐区picnic area250.野营区camp area251.户外烧烤区bbq area252.放风筝区kite-flying area253.漫步广场 WALKWAY PLAZA254.篮球场 BASKETBALL COURT255.网球场 TENNIS COURT256.足球场FOOTBALL FIELD257.羽毛球场 BADMINTON COURT258.地下停车场basement parking; underground parking 259.停车位car parking260.停车场 PARKING AREA261.自行车位bicycle parking area262.铺地paving263.草级休息台阶stepping lawn seating264.特色铺装feature paving265.梯级草坪terraced lawn266.小岛islet267.木平台timber deck268.亲水台阶waterfront stepping seat269.滨水木栈平台lakeside wood deck270.观演台阶seating steps271.台阶 STAIR272.观景台VIEWING TERRACE ; VIEWING DECK273.阶梯坐台/种植槽 TERRACING SEAT/PLANTER274.卵石铺地white pebble275.高尔夫绿地golf green276.眺望台prospect deck277.露天音乐台outdoor music stand278.花坛flower bed279.暖色warm color280.冷色cool color281.开放草坪open lawn；grand lawn282.种植池planting bed283.活动花坛movable flower bed284.植树箱planting box285.花桶flower tub286.花境flower border287.开花草坪flowering lawn288.草坪lawn289.苗圃nursery290.竹园 BAMBOO GARDEN291.遮荫优型树shady specimen tree 292.特色风景树specimen tree 293.绿篱hedge294.花篱flower hedge'295.整剪绿篱clipped hedge 296.迷宫绿篱labyrinth hedge 297.图案矮篱pattern dwarf hedge 298.常绿绿篱evergreen hedge 299.落叶绿篱deciduous hedge 300.行道树avenue tree, street tree 301.庭荫树shade tree302.树墙espalier303.树阵tree court304.特色土丘feature mound305.特色种植feature planting306.群植树丛dense planting 307.林下种植underwood planting 308.背景种植background planting 309.散植scattered planting 310.带植belt planting311.环植circular planting 312.对植opposite planting 313.列植linear planting314.林植forest planting 315.丛植clump planting316.孤植specimen planting, isolated planting 317.群植group planting318.野生植物园wild plants garden319.攀缘植物climbing plant, climber320.地被植物ground cover plant321.阴生植物shade plant322.宿根植物perennial plant, perennial323.水生植物aquatic plant324.旱生植物xerophytes325.针叶植物needle-leaved plant326.阔叶植物broad-leaved plant327.常绿植物evergreen plant328.半常绿植物semi-evergreen plant 329.沥青asphalt330.陶瓷、陶瓷制品ceramic331.小圆石、小鹅卵石cobble332.粘土clay333.碎砾石crushed gravel334.碎石混凝土crushed stone concrete335.碎石crushed stone336.石灰cement337.磨砂玻璃frosted glass338.砂岩grit stone/sand stone339.花岗石、花岗岩granite340.卵石gravel341.碎石片galleting342.墙面地砖材料ground pavement material 343.轻质板岩light slates344.灰土lime earth345.马赛克mosaic346.粗毛石rough rubble347.钢筋reinforcement。
MASTER PLANIntelligent Vehicle-Highway SystemsCENTENNlAL ENGINEERING INC.CASTLE ROCK CONSULTANTSBALLOFFET AND ASSOCIATES INC.IVHS Study for the Denver Metro Area MASTER PLANProject IVH-MP 9 7 08( 7)for theCOLORADO DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION February 1994by:CENTENNIAL ENGINEERING, INC.CASTLE ROCK CONSULTANTSBALLOFFET AND ASSOCIATES, INC.IVHS Master PlanTABLE OF CONTENTSAcknowledgements (iii)List of Acronymss (v)1. OVERVIEW (1)1.1 Introduction (1)1.2 Potential Benefits of IVHS in the Denver Area (2)1.3 The Denver Area IVHS Studyy (3)1.4 Denver Area Master Plan (4)1.5 Master Plan Design Process (4)1.6 Organization (6)2. GOALS AN-D OBJECTIVES (7)2.1 Introduction (7)2.2 Denver IVHS Study (7)2.3 Master Plan (12)3. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN...........................................3.1 Introduction.................................................3.2 Implementing IVHS ...........................................3.3 Activity Timetable.............................................3.4 Project Definitionn.............................................3.5Integration with the Denver Area TOC .......................... . . .3.6 Regional Impacts of IVHS Activities................................4. ACTIVITY C OORDINATION.........................................4.1 Introduction.................................................4.2 Current Regional Programs.......................................4.3 Statewide Initiatives...........................................4.4 National IVHS Efforts..........................................5. SUMMARY ......................................................5.1 Introduction .................................................5.2 Master Plan Overview..........................................5.3 IVHS Development............................................5.3 Concluding Remarks........................................... REFERENCES.......................................................... APPENDIX A - PROJECT DESCRIPTIONS (separate document)13 13 13 18 24 25 29 32 32 32 43 46 50 50 50 51 52 53CENTENNIALENGINEERING, INC.Page iIVHS Master PlanLIST OF FIGURES3.1 - Implementation Phasing Schedule (13)3.2-Denver Area TOC Inputs (27)3.3-Denver Area TOC Outputs (28)4.1 - Existing Ramp Meter Locations and Count Detector Installations (35)4.2 - Denver Metro Area Environmental Sensors (38)4.3- Denver Metro Area HAR Locations (40)LIST OF TABLES3.1 - Impacts of IVHS Activities in the Denver Metro Area (30)4.1 - Existing Entrance Ramp Meter Installations (33)4.2 - Existing Count/Speed Detector Locations (36)4.3 - Clinton Administration’s Proposed IVHS Funding (48)CENTENNIAL- ENGINEERING, INC Page iiIVHS Master PlanACKNOWLEDGEMENTSCentennial Engineering, Inc. would like to recognize the contributions of the followingindividuals/organizations in the development of this document.Steering CommitteeColorado Department of Transportation, Region 1Mr. Matt ReayMr. Ed FinkColorado Department of Transportation, Region 6Mr.Lou LippMs. Jennifer FinchMr. John MuscatellMr. Gordon BellMr. Stan IhlanfeldMr. Garry KiljanMr. Jim BlakeMr.Al KlineColorado Department of Transportation, HQMr. John KiljanMr. Larry CorcoranMr. Neil LaceyMs. Joni BrookesMr. Dan HopkinsMr. Jerry SimpsonColorado state PatrolMs. Linda SumpterCapt. Russ HughesFederal Highway AdminstrationMr. C.P. Damon (Region 8)Mr. Mike Herron (Colorado Division)Mr. Tim Penney (Colorado Division)Division of TelecommunicationsMr. Mike BorregoIVHS Task ForceAAA Auto Club of ColoradoMr. Dave ShueyAdams CountyMr. Saeid DaniariCity of AuroraMs. Pam KingCity of BroomfieldMr. Gary L. LudekeCENTENN!ALENGINEERING, INC. Page iiiIVHS Master PlanState of Colorado Division of TelecommunicationsMr. Mike BorregoColorado Department of HealthMs. Karin KudebehColorado Department of TransportationMr. Lou Lipp (Region 6)Ms. Jennifer Finch (Region 6)Mr. John Muscatel1 (Region 6)Mr. John P. Kiljan (IVHS Program)Mr. Larry Corcoran (IVHS Program)Mr. Neil Lacey(IVHS Program)Ms. Joni Brookes (IVHS Program)Mr. Matthew Reay (Region 1)Mr. Dan Hopkins (Office of Public & Intergovernmental Relations)Mr. Johan J. Bemelen (Traffic and Safety Division)Colorado State PatrolMs. Linda SumpterCity and County of DenverMr. Dennis E. RoyerDenver Regional Council of GovernmentsMr. Steve RudyMr. George J. ScheuemsmhlMr. John VetterlingCity of EnglewoodMr. Ladd vostryFederal Highway AdministrationMr. C.P. Damon (Region 8)Mr. Mike Herron (Colorado Division)Mr. Tim Penney (Colorado Division)City of LakewoodMr. Frederick C. LantzMetro Traffic ControlMr. Brian JordonRegional Air Quality CouncilMr. Patrick CumminsRegional Transportation DistrictMr. Jerry NeryMr. Lou HaMr. Samer TamimiUniversity of Colorado at DenverDr. Bruce N. Janson (Department of Civil Engineering)City of WestminsterMr. Mike NormandinCENTENNIALPage iv ENGINEERING,INC.IVHS Master PlanDENVER METRO AREA IVHS STUDYMaster Plan1. OVERVIEW1.1 IntroductionThe Denver metropolitan area currently faces a number of challenges in providing anadequate transportation system. The area is experiencing near-record population growth,but the available funding for infrastructure is not keeping pace. Denver is a non-attainment area for air quality and must reduce emissions. Air quality regulations alsorestrict Denver’s ability to increase the capacity of the highway network. Realisticresponses to these challenges must recognize the key role of transportation in the economyand its importance to the quality of life.All of these forces mandate that Denver findways to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the surface transportation system.Intelligent vehicle-highway systems (IVHS) technologies have been identifiedinternationally as having significant potential as tools to enhance highway mobility andsafety in the face of these greater social, environmental, economic and geographicrestrictions.IVHS comprises advanced transportation technologies in two broad areas:- S mart vehicles, in which advanced technology units operate independently onindividual vehicles.l Smart highways, involving the installation of advanced technologies within thehighway infrastructure.The result of IVHS will be a smart traveler.IVHS provides the infrastructure to collect or other locations, travelers could be able to determine congestion on their route (and choose another one or delay their trip), find out when the next bus/train will arrive at the nearest transit stop, or be matched into a carpool or vanpool for their trip.If they decide to drive an automobile, a route guidance system can inform them of the best path to follow to their destination.There is no simple answer to the set of complex transportation problems that confront us, but IVHS technologies can help enormously. In the past decade, advancements in computers, micro-electronics, satellite technologies, and the emergence of cellular telephones have changed the way we think and communicate. IVHS unites these technologies and others with our transportation system to save lives, save time, and save money.CENTENNIALENGINEERING, INC. Page 1IVHS Master Planby accidents, stalls, flat tires, or spilled loads.It is estimated that 60 percent of allmotorist delay is incident-related (Reference 4). A study of incidents in Los Angelesfound that, under off-peak free-flow conditions, 4 or 5 minutes are added to the durationof congestion for each additional minute that a lane blockage is allowed to continue(Reference 5). The Colorado Incident Management Coalition was formed in September,1992 to address these problems. This group’s final report (Reference 6) recommendedover 26 actions, many of which would be enhanced by or rely on NHS technologydeployment in the Denver area (Examples include Traffic Operations Center, electronicsurveillance, closed-circuit TV, cellular phone calls from citizens, etc.). These canimprove detection, verification, and response to incidents and give motorists betterinformation about conditions.Chicago’s incident management program returns about $17in benefits for each $1 invested in the program (Reference 2).IVHS America has recognized the necessity for better evaluation of IVHS applications,operational tests, deployments, and systems.Guidelines are being developed so thatoperational test programs will treat the evaluation of project results as a major project goal(Reference 7). Denver IVHS efforts will rely on this national experience, and IVHSproject planning and funding requests will also include an assessment of the potentialbenefits to be expected from individual projects. This will help regional policy makerscompare the benefits to be derived from money spent on IVHS projects as opposed toother worthy projects which may solve problems from a different aspect.1.3 The Denver Area IVHS StudyThe Denver Area IVHS program can be broken down into the following key components: l Early Action Plan.l Strategic Plan.(TOC).l Denver Traffic Operations Centerl Communications Network Plan.l Master Plan.The Denver Area IVHS Study presents an excellent opportunity for the ColoradoDepartment of Transportation (CDOT) to take a lead role in applying a comprehensiveapproach toward developing technology solutions to both current and future transportationneeds. The program will also seek to promote and develop important workingrelationships between different agencies and jurisdictions in the Denver area. Furtherrelationships are expected to develop between the public and private sectors in pursuingIVHS ventures, in line with national policies and program opportunities. Overall, theIVHS study provides opportunities for improved highway transportation, increasedeconomic prosperity and the establishment of the Denver region as a center of excellencein IVHS.CENTENNIALPage 3 ENGINEERING,INC.IVHS Master Plan1.4 Denver Area Master PlanThe primary role of the Master Plan within the IVHS study is to bring together theactivities defined in the Early Action Plan and Strategic Plan into a single, integratedprogram. The Master Plan aims to identify which IVHS activities are likely to be ofgreatest benefit and defines how to apply them.It also outlines an implementation planthat can be brought forward for securing funding within CDOT, as well as exploringopportunities for Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and private sectorinvolvement.The Master Plan will help CDOT take a lead role in the development of a seamlesstransportation network for the Denver area by coordinating and unifying the efforts of theappropriate city, county, state and Federal agencies.Overall, the Master Plan will serveas a strategic level document for planning, scheduling and implementing IVHS activitiesthroughout the Denver region.1.5 Master Plan Design ProcessThe Denver Area Master Plan provides the overall framework for implementing activitiesfrom the appropriate IVHS functional areas and related incident management programs.The implementation of the Master Plan will best be realized by a logical, incrementalprogram approach. This approach will highlight the impacts of introducing IVHS in thefollowing areas:l Improved safety of surface transportation.l Increased credibility of traveler information,l Increased highway capacity, efficiency and predictability.l Enhanced personal mobility throughout the Denver area.mproved i nterjurisdictional c ooperation.l Il Rapid response to incidents.l Improved intermodal coordination.l Reduced environmental and energy impacts.l Increased public-private partnerships.In scheduling activities, the Master Plan is divided into phases during which IVHSfunctions and services can be incorporated over time as technologies and funding becomeavailable. A brief overview of activities in each of these phases is presented below.CENTENNIAL- ENGINEERING, INC.Page 41.5.1 Short-Term Operational PhaseThe short-term phase of the Master Plan will focus primarily on those systems already operating in the Denver area and their potential upgrade, enhancement and integration with other IVHS-related services. In addition, this period will include the design, construction and implementation of the permanent Denver Area Traffic Operations Center (TOC). Prior to commissioning of this facility, an interim TOC will be established to coordinate ongoing activities and develop operational strategies for use of initial systems.Within the short-term, the Master Plan calls for a reliable, extensive and comprehensive information collection system to be established. This will provide the foundation for the Denver area’s Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) efforts. Regionwide surveillance will enhance the Denver area’s coordinated incident management approach and improve inter-jurisdictional cooperation between the involved local agencies. Traffic data collected at the TOC will also support network analysis and planning efforts in areas such as congestion management.The Denver area short-term Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) activities will introduce both in-vehicle and pretrip traveler information services. These will provide numerous opportunities for the formation of public-private partnerships and the establishment of valuable ties with local media agencies. Further efforts to consolidate the area’s communications network will establish a high level of information credibility and improve day-to-day traffic and incident management.1.5.2 Medium-Term Operational PhaseThe medium-term operational phase will build upon the foundation established within the short-term timeframe. This time period will see a continuation of ATMS, incident management, ATIS and communication activities, as well as phased implementation of new activities which possess advanced IVHS features.As the Denver area extends its ATMS operations in the medium-term, information will be collected from vehicles, roadway sensors, traffic control systems and distributed traffic information centers. With more sophisticated sensing and communications equipment becoming available, improved interpretation of the incoming data and dissemination of the processed information will result from enhancements to computer operations at the Denver area TOC.Increased processing capabilities, new forms of artificial intelligence, multiple database integration, data fusion principles and expert systems will all provide valuable operator decision aids as well as fully-automated responses to repetitive tasks. In parallel, new ATIS technologies and systems will improve traveler dissemination strategies, providing more useful information to the traveling public, and reducing response times for emergency situations.1.5.3 Long-Term Operational PhaseIVHS technologies have advanced beyond recognition from their predecessors over the past few years.With IVHS now a major focus of national and international attention, even greater changes can be expected in the years ahead.Page 5As technologies advance, new techniques concerning traffic operations and management, traveler information dissemination and incident management activities can be evaluated for inclusion within the Denver area. The most appropriate approaches will be incorporated as they are proven.Potential areas of activity include interactive traffic signal control, and phased deployment of Advanced Vehicle Control System (AVCS) approaches.In addition to any new systems and technologies, it is anticipated that an ongoing enhancement of the communications network will be undertaken in the long-term. This effort will not only support regionwide operations, but will also support the ultimate realization of a statewide, seamless IVHS network.1.6 OrganizationAfter this introduction, the Master Plan is divided into four further chapters and an appendix which address key issues concerning IVHS in the Denver metro area. The content of these chapters is as follows:l Chapter 2 - Goals and Objectives.This chapter outlines the key goals and objectives of the Denver area IVHS study.l Chapter 3- Master Plan. This chapter introduces a phased implementation program for local IVHS activities. It provides a descriptive picture of the wayIVHS will develop in the Denver region.l Chapter 4- Activity Coordination. This chapter establishes guidelines for coordination of the IVHS program with existing systems in the area and othercurrent IVHS activities in Colorado. It also assesses the need to coordinate withnational IVHS efforts.l Chapter 5 - Summary. This chapter presents an overall summary of the Master Plan and the future of IVHS in the Denver area.Finally, Appendix A provides detailed summaries of each component IVHS effort included in the Denver area program.It presents a consistent approach for deploying the Denver area’s IVHS activities within a phased implementation program.CENTENNIALENGINEERING, INC. Page 62. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES2.1 IntroductionThe 2015 Interim Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) (Reference. 1) was recently adoptedfor the Denver metropolitan area. This document concludes that the region will growfaster than the transportation system can be expanded. The plan is financially constrained,and only one-third of the improvements needed to maintain the current level of mobilitycan be funded. In addition to some new transportation facilities and services, the planidentifies management activities which will be necessary to efficiently operate the existingsystem since new construction will be a relatively minor component.New facilities mustbe actively managed to ensure continuing efficient operations of these facilities. IVHShas been grouped as a component of congestion and travel demand management activitieswhich were specifically identified for funding between 1994 and 2015.In addition to addressing regional mobility concerns, this Master Plan represents acomponent of the Denver area’s contribution to the national IVHS effort, as well as aguiding document for regional IVHS application.Goals for the project can therefore bedefined by examining the key themes of this national initiative and relating them to thisstudy. From this foundation, the goals and objectives of the Denver area’s overall IVHSStudy and Master Plan can be identified.2.2 Denver IVHS Study2.2.1 Regional FrameworkM-IS should be implemented in the Denver area in a manner which addresses the currentand future concerns about regional congestion and mobility.The RTP has determined thatmost of the freeway system will be more than 15% over capacity in 2015 with theremainder at l-15% over capacity. In addition to the RTP, DRCOG is currentlydeveloping a Congestion Management System (CMS). The intent of the CMS is toprovide for effective management of existing and new transportation facilities through theuse of travel demand reduction and operational management strategies (Reference 2). Thefunctions which the CMS will address include:l Manage existing and new facilities to provide the best utilization possible.l Develop, evaluate, and recommend congestion strategies.l Monitor and analyze congestion.Through the RTP and CMS efforts, the region will be pursuing operational managementstrategies that maximize the safety, capacity, utilization, and efficiency of transportationfacilities. IVHS' internationally recognized potential to improve transportation operationswithin these areas implies a close relationship between IVHS and the two current efforts.IVHS implementation in the Denver area is expected to take place within the overall ofthe RTP and CMS, as another potential tool to address congestion and mobility problemsCENTENNIALENGINEERING, INC. Page 7management system (Reference 3). IVHS activities in the region should beresponsive to the recommendations of this CMS effort.l Increase transportation safety (National estimates place the benefits of deploying IVHS technology at 8 percent reduction in traffic fatalities within the next 20years) (Reference 4).l Minimize the effects on nonrecurring incidents on travel safety and efficiency.Specific IVHS activities have been identified in the recommendations of theColorado Incident Management Coalition (Reference 6).l Support and enhance transit operations as well as other alternative modes and trip reduction measures.l Integrate future IVHS activities with existing ramp metering, transit operations, HOV facilities, incident management programs, intercity signal coordinationprograms, arterial coordination programs, and other existing traffic managementmeasures.l Positively influence travelers’decision-making by providing accurate real-time travel information.l Provide system performance monitoring tools, data, and other information to support the implementation of congestion and traffic management systems.Management Goalsl Demonstrate that interagency cooperation and coordination can be effective in the Denver area.l Demonstrate that IVHS projects can successfully cross jurisdictional boundaries.l Provide information to educate transportation professionals, the public and political decision makers of the potential benefits of IVHS in Colorado.l Create an environment which encourages and actively solicits private sector participation and commercial involvement in CDOT’s IVHS activities.l Provide opportunities for academic research and participation.l Help establish Colorado as a high technology leader.Economic Goalsl Demonstrate efficient use of tax dollars.CENTENNIALENGINEERING, INC.Page 9l Develop IVHS in the Denver area in a “fast-track” manner to take advantage of Federal funding available through the Intermodal Surface TransportationEfficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA).l Make maximum use of existing, proven technologies to ensure high benefit-cost ratios.l Facilitate private sector financial participation in areas of mutual benefit to both public and private interests.l Minimize new construction and maintenance costs through IVHS applications.Environmental Goalsl Contribute to regional air quality enhancement goals.l Reduce the need for additional laneage and the environmental impacts thereof, by achieving operational improvements through technological methods.l Reduce environmental impacts from roadway hazardous material spills through IVHS activities such as a coordinated incident management program.l Reduce the Denver area highway system’s vulnerability to disruption by weather-related environmental conditions.2.2.3ObjectivesThis section outlines possible strategies which will help to realize the goals listed above.These can be grouped under a number of global objectives, as follows:1) Provide a focal point for the Denver area’s IVHS activities. This objectiveconcentrates on the design, construction and implementation of the Denver area TOC.The TOC and its associated activities will be central to the region’s IVHS-related datacollection, computer processing, incident management and information disseminationtechniques.2)Improve the coverage and scope of traffic data collection. This objective focuses ontechniques which will enhance and expand the current local transportation informationcollection systems.It explores alternative technologies to improve data collectionfacilities along both the freeway and arterial road networks.3) Develop computerized data handling and monitoring systems. This objective isconcerned with the use of computer peripherals and processes to collect, store,analyze, and disseminate IVHS information. All computer systems should employopen architecture and standards to ensure future compatibility. Many of the ATMSand ATIS projects included in this Master Plan will rely on database integration anddata fusion techniques to produce consistent and reliable databases.CENTENNIALPage 10 ENGINEERING,INC.4) Improve incident detection and r esponse. This objective concentrates on improvingthe area’s incident detection, response and management capabilities through IVHSapplications. It seeks to involve a variety of resources in this venture, including localagencies, Courtesy Patrols, media traffic information services, the private sector, andthe motoring public.5)Create a regionwide IVHS system communications network. This objective focuseson the planning and deployment of communications facilities to link the IVHSelements deployed in the Denver area. Short-term objectives include realization ofa temporary network through integration of existing data channels, identification ofkey communication locations and investigation of communications media alternatives.In the future, “empty”conduit will be installed with freeway widening and otherconstruction projects in order to minimize the costs and disruption of installing thefuture communications network. The permanent communications network will buildupon this foundation as the program continues.6)Disseminate travel information regionwide. This objective involves various methodsand technologies for communicating traveler information throughout the Denver area.The services deployed will aim to provide the traveling public with real-time, en-routeand pretrip information. Efforts will focus on integrating existing systems as well asidentifying new information service opportunities appropriate for private sectorparticipation.7) Improve and integrate traffic control systems. This objective concentrates onimproving existing arterial and freeway traffic control systems, integrating newsystems with existing, and integrating the Denver area’s freeway IVHS initiatives withthose of its arterial street system. Efforts will focus on establishing new systems andcommunicating with them, improving operations of existing systems, and evaluatingmethods to make all systems work more efficiently together.Special attention shouldbe paid to integrating arterial and freeway systems, and evaluating control scenariosfor use during incident diversions.8)Reduce travel demand and enhance attractiveness of alternate modes of travel. Thisobjective focuses on integrating multi-modal initiatives within the region’s overallIVHS program. It involves investigation of integrated demand managementtechniques, rideshare matching systems and transit initiatives, as well as continuedpartnership activities between CDOT, the Regional Transportation District (RTD) andDRCOG.9) Implement a program management system. Activities within this objective addressthe broad requirements of management for the IVHS program in the Denver metroarea. These include coordination of the main technical projects, mechanisms foraddressing policy and legal issues, development of project evaluation guidelines, andstandard-setting activities. These program management tasks will be ongoingthroughout the course of IVHS implementation.CENTENNIALENGINEERING, INC.Page 11。
