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动词加ing 的变化规则直接加ing cook-cooking swing-swinging eat-ea ng draw-drawing 以不发音的e 结尾，去e 加ing dance dance——dancing make-making, write —wri ng ride ride——riding have have——having skate skate——ska ng have-having take-taking hike-hiking 双写末尾的辅音字母run-ru nning swim-swi mming get-ge tting shop shop——sho pping动词+s 的变化规则 直接加-s cook→cooks, look→looks, like→likes以o. s. x. sh. ch.结尾，加-es do→does, go go→→goes watch→watches, wash→washes 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y 为i, 再加-es study→studies fly→flies 元音字母（a i e o u) +y 结尾，则直接加s: buy→buys play→plays say→says 特殊：have----has He has a small nose. 动词末尾加-ed cook-cooked ，cleaned, washed, listened, looked, played 结尾是e 加d taste-tasted, loved, used, liked 双写末尾的辅音字母 stop-stopped plan--planned 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y 为i ， 再加-ed study-studied worry---worried 词义词义 原形原形 过去式过去式 词义词义 原形原形 过去式过去式 是 am, is (be) was 走 go went 是 are (be) were 有 have, has had 买 buy bought 受伤受伤 hurt hurt 来 come came 制造制造 make made 做 do, does did 唱歌唱歌 sing sang 画 draw drew 睡觉睡觉 sleep slept 吃 eat ate 跑 run ran 感觉感觉 feel felt 说 say said 飞 fly flew 看见看见 see saw 读read read 听到听到hear heard 四、be 动词和行为动词的用法区别1.Be动词包括：is, am, are, was, were 2.实义动词：某个实际做出来的动作词语，如：swim, wash, do, go, buy, fly, sleep等等。
小升初考前冲刺英语课程阅读理解语法知识︵三︶语法知识︵一︶语法知识︵二︶目录完型填空语法知识︵四︶第四讲语法知识一、非谓语动词(一)后面可跟动词的ing形式的情况1.动词：finish doing sth.完成做某事；enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事；practice doing sth.练习做某事；mind doing sth.介意做某事；keep doing sth.持续做某事2.固定短语：feel like doing sth.喜欢做某事；be busy doing sth.忙于做某事；spend time(in)doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事；have fun doing.做某事高兴3.介词后(on,in,of,about,at,with,without,for,from,up,by等)例如：be good at doing sth.；thank you for doing sth.；give up doing sth.；stop sb.from doing sth.；do well in doing sth.；be afraid of doing sth.；be interested in doing sth.；(二)后面可跟动词的不定式形式的情况：1.动词：agree to do同意去做；decide to do决定去做某事；hope to do希望去做；plan to do打算去做；would like to do想要去做；want to do想要去做某事；would like to do sth.想做……；2.句型：asked sb. (not) to do sth.叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）tell sb. (not) to do sth.叫某人去（不要）做某事be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事be glad/happy to do sth.高兴去做某事be/get ready to do sth.准备做某事be sorry to do sth.对做某事感到抱歉It’s + adj.+(for sb.) to do sth.做某事（对某人来说）怎么样It’s +adj. +(of sb.) to do sthIt takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事s.b.spend time (in) doing sth.It’s time for sb. to do sth.是某人做某事的时候了=it’s time to dotoo…(for sb.) to…太……以致不能……==not…enough to do(三)后既能跟不定式也能跟动名词的情况：1.后加不定式或动名词意思相近的动词有些动词接doing和to do意义相近像like(喜欢)，love(喜欢)，hate(憎恨)，prefer(宁可)，begin(开始)，start(开始)，continue(继续)。
1.一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时这四种时态是小学阶段必须掌握的四种时态，在区分这四种时态的方法上，动词扮演了关键的角色。
2.题型分布：动词词义及时态判断的选择习题、完形填空、作文。
1.动词的分类。
2.动词的基本形式及变化。
定义：表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。
分类：注：初中学习过去分词。
详解：1.行为动词，又称实义动词，表示动作或状态，能独立表达意思。
动词根据其后是否直接带有宾语，可分为两类，及物动词vt.（transitive verb）、不及物动词vi.（intransitive verb）I read books on the weekend.My father likes reading.2.连系动词，不能独立表达意思，必须与形容词、名词等一起来表达意思，常用的连系动词有be (am/is/are/was/were)动词和其他的连系动词(look/stay)等。
注：重点内容！感官系动词（look，smell，taste，sound，feel）+adj.拓展（1）表感官的系动词：look,sound,taste,smell,feel（这些词用形容词作表语）（2）表似乎的系动词seem,appear（3）表变化的系动词：become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run（4）表依旧的系动词：remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,rest,lie,hold（5）可带名词作表语的系动词：become,make,look,sound,fall,prove,remain,turn （该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。
如：He turned teacher.）I am tired now.Yesterday was Sunday. John looks happy.3.助动词，本身没有意义，不能独立表达意思，必须与动词一起来表达意思，常用的助动词有do/does/did.He does not like apples.Did you go to the park last week?4.情态动词，本身有一定的意义，但也不能独立使用，必须与主要的动词一起来表达意思，表示说话人的语气和情态（没有人称和数的变化）。
动词1. 动词的分类：分为及物动词和不及物动词。
不及物动词后面不能直接接宾语，需要跟介词后才能加宾语，如：look at 及物动词后面可以直接跟宾语。
2. 动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是：to + 动词原形（有时可以不带to ）; 否定形式：not + 动词不定式。
a. 省略to 的动词不定式，使役动词 let, make; 感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice 等词后面必须使用省略to 的动词不定式。
b. 动词不定式作主语时，常用it 做形式主语，动词不定式做真正的主语，后置。
如：I t’s bad for your eyes to read in bed. 躺在床上看书对眼睛不好。
3. 动词的基本形式英语动词有四种基本形式，即动词原形，过去式，现在分词和第三人称单数。
构成及形式详见下表：二．巩固练习。
A. 写出下列动词的第三人称单数。
1. eat grow say open2. push pass watch go3. try fly cry study4. have beB. 写出下列动词的现在分词。
1. play fly see rain2. come write hope have3. begin cut sit stop4. die lie tieC. 写出下列动词的过去式。
1. look play answer finish2. live change prepare use3. study try hurry carry4. stop plan5. make stand keep swim teach catch sell tellD. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Tom (be) a student last year.2. Rose (have) a high fever(发烧) yesterday.3. They (stay) in Beijing last year.4. Listen, who is (speak) English in the classroom?5. Candy (go) to the theater every week.6. Look, they are (play) on the playground.F. 单项选择。
第四讲：动词一、【考点解读】动词在英语的词类中非常重要，在接下来的学习中，小朋友们将会了解它的分类并掌握其用法。
我们本次将从动词的分类、不同时态句型中的变化形式等方面进行纵向对比学习。
学生要特别背诵一些不规则动词的变化形式以及谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别。
二、【知识讲解】知识点1——动词分类定义：动词表示人或事物的动作或状态。
A 常见的实义动词考点名称含义固定句型例句※see/hear sb do sth:表示宾语完成了某个动作或者经常做这个动作。
see/hear sb doing sth:表示宾语正在进行的动作。
B 系动词（主语+连系动词+形容词作表语）1)系动词的三种词汇意义⑴表示状态的持续。
常见的动词有：stand、keep、stay、lie、continue、burn、hold等。
如：The soldiers on guard keep alert under all circumstances.The fish stayed fresh.⑵表示具有某种性质、特征和处于某种状态。
常见的动词有：smell、sit、look、sound、mean、break、feel、ring、seem、appear、taste、read、remain等。
如：The actor looked the main part in the play.She didn’t look her age.The idea sounds great.What he said appeared true.⑶表示动词的动作或过程所产生的结果或状态的开始。
常见的有：go、come、grow、run、rise、wear、prove、turn、wash、fall、drop、blush、become、get、turn、out、come off等。
如：The food goes bad in hot weather.Her great aim will come true one day in the future.His money ran short.The plan turned out wrong and useless in the end.He came off second best.The technology came in useful.根据以上系动词的三种含义，可将系动词分为三类：持续类系动词、感官类系动词和变成类系动词。
2)系动词的五种语法结构因为系动词是构成系表结构的先决条件，所以五种语法结构都是系表结构。
只是表语可由不同的词，如：形容词(小升初常考)、名词、副词、分词和介词短语充当。
※系动词+形容词这类结构最常见。
常见的系动词有：sound、look、feel、smell、turn、eat、taste、keep、、grow、play、go、become等。
如：The song sounds very beautiful.The soup tastes delicious.C.助动词的分类：D 情态动词的用法知识点2——动词的表现形式及其构成方法（详见本书“动词的时态”）知识点3——句子的成分和基本句型三、【典例探究】【例题1】：---What ________the sign mean?---It me ans you can’t _________here.A. is, smokingB. does, smokeC. did, smokeD. are, smoke 【例题2】：She can’t ride a bicycle. She _______school on foot.A.must get toB. has to get toC. has to go toD. have to go to 【例题3】：She is willing things and help others.A. to shareB. shareC. sharingD. to sharing 答案：B C A四、【课堂运用】【基础】【练习1】照样子，写出动词的四种形式。
例：write writes writing wrote written1.walk _______ _________ __________ ________2.study ________ ___________ ___________ ____________3.wish ________ ___________ ___________ ____________4.play ________ ___________ ___________ ____________5.rain ________ ___________ ___________ ____________6.go ________ ___________ ___________ ____________7.die ________ ___________ ___________ ____________8.run ________ ___________ ___________ ____________e ________ ___________ ___________ ____________10.do _______ ___________ ___________ ____________11.fly ________ ___________ ___________ ____________12.stop________ ___________ ___________ ____________13.see________ ___________ ___________ ____________14.swim________ ___________ ___________ ____________15.buy________ ___________ ___________ ____________【练习2】选择正确的单词填空。
1.He ______ (am, is, are)from England. He and I (am,is, are )friends.2.That dog________ (am, is, are) a fat and lazy.3.We ________ (don’t, doesn’t, didn’t) have lessons every Friday afternoon.4.There _______ (be, is, are) a big hospital and three schools near the park.5.The salad _______ (taste, tastes) delicious.6.Ann is ________ (sitting, siting) in the bedroom, while Andy is (runing, running)in the garden.7.Our school _______ (have, has) two big gates.8.We ______ (will, should) always treat other people nicely.9.Bob _____ (may, can) not like the gift that I bought him.10. I have much work to do this evening and I ______ (don’t, can’t) go to the party.【巩固】【练习1】用所给的实义动词的适当形式填空。
1.Can you ______ (speak) English?2.We ____ (have) a maths test tomorrow.3.____John _____ (know) that man in black?4.Peter ______ (ride) his new bicycle in the garden. He’s happy.5.Tom wants _____ (drink) some juice.6.I like _____ (collect) stamps very much.7.Jack often ______ (go) to school at seven.8._____you_____ (go) swimming last week?9.He _____ (open) the door just now.10. I am good at _____ (sing).【练习2】用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.It’s _____ ( rain) now. We can’t _____ (go) out and play.2.My uncle ____ (come) to see us tomorrow.3.Sit down, please. ______ (have) some tea.4.Lucy ______(phone) home just now. But nobody_______(answer).5.Who can ______ (make) him ______ (laugh)?6.People _____ (wear) warm clothes in cold winter.7.I shall ask Alice ______ (help) you.8.The boy ____ (grow) up. He became a basketball player.9.I ________ (study) in this school in 2001.10. I saw them __________ (clean) the street yesterday.【拔高】【练习1】用动词的适当形式填空1.It’s the first time I ____________ (travel) by plane.2.You _____________ (catch) a cold if you __________ (not put) on your overcoat.3.While I ___________ (mop) the floor, my mother ____________ (do)the washing.4.By last year, he___________ (change) three jobs.5.All work and no play __________ (make) Jack a dull boy.6.He ____________ (be) away from home for three years.7.----________you __________ (be) to Shanghai Grand Theater?----Yes, I have. I _________ (go) there last month.8.He told us that he __________ (ask) for leave the next week.9.I felt sick when I ___________ (take) the exam.10.Mother didn’t leave the baby until he __________ (fall) asleep.【练习2】单项选择填空1.I didn’t see you at the meeting. I thought you ______ not there.A.wereB. wasC. hadD. are2.We were glad to know that he _______in Shanghai for another week.A.will stayB. would stayC. are stayingD. had stayed3.I ______sure that you ______ the exam.A.am...passB.am...will passC. was...passD. was...will pass4.Our teacher told us that water _____at 0°C.A.freezeB. frozeC. freezesD. would freeze5.Guangzhou ______in the south of China.A.locatesB.is lyingC.is locatingD. lies6.We ______all the work by last week.A.finishedB. have finishedC. had finishedD. will finish7.I ________see him when I was walking in the street.A.happen toB. was happening toC. happened toD. happens to8.I ______the window as soon as it ________to rain.A. closed...startedB. closed...was startingC. was closing...startedD. had closed...started9.There ______an English contest next week. Will you take part in it?A.is havingB.is going to haveC. will haveD. will be10.We _____close friends for more than ten years.A.becameB. wereC. have becomeD. have been四、【课后巩固】五、【习题1】1.写出下列动词的过去时和过去分词am/is eatare fallbegin feelbreak givebring gobuild havebuy hearcan hitcome hurtcut keepdo knowdraw learndrink leavedrive make2.用动词的适当形式填空。
