2016年职称英语(理工类)阅读理解备考习题

2016职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解专项题 2The Effects of Global Warming on WeatherThere are hidden factors which scientists call "feedback mechanisms ” 。

No one knows quite how they will interact with the changing climate.Here's one example :plants and animals adapt to climate change over centuries.At the current estimate of half a degree centigrade of warming per decade,vegetation (植物 may not keepup.Climatologist James Hansen predicts climate zones will shift toward the poles by 50to 75kilometres a year — faster than trees can naturally migrate.Species that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment will die.The 1000-kilometer-wide strip of forest running through Canada,the USSR and Scandinavia could be cut by lions of dying trees would soon lead to massive forest fires,releasing tons of CO2 and further boosting global warming.There are dozens of other possible "feedback mechanism ”。

2016职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解专项题2The Effects of Global Warmi ng on WeatherThere are hidde n factors which scie ntists call "feedback mecha ni sms。

No one knows quite how they will in teract with the cha nging climate.Here's one example :pla nts and animals adapt to climate change over centuries.At the current estimate of half a degree centigrade of warming per decade,vegetation植物may not keep up.Climatologist James Hansen predicts climate zones will shift toward the poles by 50to 75kilometres a year—faster tha n trees can n aturally migrate.Species that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment will die.The 1000-kilometer-wide strip of forest running through Can ada,the USSR and Sca ndin avia could be cut by li ons of dying trees would soon lead to massive forest fires,releasing tons of CO2 and further boosti ng global warm ing.There are doze ns of other possible "feedback mecha nism。

2016年职称英语等级考试真题（理工类A级）第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. Only people over 18 are eligible to vote.A. honestB.qualifiedC. enabledD.clever2. The latest car model embodies the new research development.A. listsB. includesC. borrowsD.broadens3. The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extreme.A. severeB.hardC.warmD. dry4. She is an artist whose work will undoubtedly withstand the test of time.A. gradeB.attractC.bearD. suffer5. He wore a shabby thin overcoat in the cold winter so that he fell ill.A.oldB.bigC. newD.small6. The weather was so gorgeous that many people went outing.A. uncontrollableB. pleasantC. cloudyD. unbearable7. Competitors must abide by the judge's decisionA. keepB. readC. understandD. obey8. The umbrella was ingeniously devised to fold up into the pocket.A. seriouslyB. cleverlyC. attentivelyD. carefully9. Some newspapers in the west are notably biased.A.especiallyB.whollyC. totallyD. fairly10. His answers were obscure and confusing.A.unclearB.obviousC. clearD. direct11. The way she looked after her young sister was really touchingA. disturbingB. connectingC.movingD.waving12. We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.A. stableB. suitableC.changeableD.adaptable13. They have built canals to irrigate the desert.A. decorateB.changeC. visitD.water14. The details of the costume were totally authentic.A. outstandingB. realC. creativeD. false15. The new garment fits her perfectly.A. clothesB.haircutC. purseD.necklace第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2016职称英语考试理工类阅读判断备考试题In the first week of November 2011,people in central Oklahoma experienced more than two dozen earthquakes. The largest, a magnitude(量)5.6 quake, shook thousands of fans in a college football stadium, caused cracks in a few buildings and scared many people who had never felt a quake before. Oklahoma is not an area of the country famous for its quakes. If you watch the news on TV, you see reports about all sorts of natural disasters. But the most dangerous type of natural disaster, and also the most unpredictable, is the earthquake.Researchers at the US Geological Survey(USGS)estimate that several million earthquakes occur globally each year. That may sound scary, but people don't feel many of them because they happen in remote and unpopulated regions. Many quakes happen under the ocean, and others have a very small magnitude.Scientists know about small, remote quakes only because of very sensitive electronic devices called seismometers(地震仪). These devices detect and measure the size of ground vibrations(震颤)produced by earthquakes. Altogether, USGS researchers use seismometers to identify and locate about 20000 earthquakes each year.Although earthquakes can happen anywhere in the world, really big quakes occur only in certain areas. The largest ones register a magnitude 8 or higher andhappen, on average, only once each year. Such big ones typically occur along the edges of Earth's tectonic plates(构造板块).Thctonic plates are huge pieces of Earth's crust(外壳), sometimes many kilometers thick. Often, edges of these plates temporarily lock together. When plates push and scrape(擦)past each other earthquakes occur. On average, tectonic plates move very slowly--bout the same speed as your fingernails grow.But sometimes earthquakes rumble(轰轰作响)through portions of the landscape far from a plate's edges. Although less expected, these "mid-plate" small earthquakes can be stantial damage. Some of the biggest known examples hit the eastern half of the United States two centuries ago. Today, scientists are still puzzling over why the quakes occurred and when similar ones might occur.16. Oklahoma is an area often experiencing natural disasters.A. RightB.WrongC. Not mentioned17. The earthquake is the most unpredictable natural disaster.A. RightB.WrongC. Not mentioned18. Few earthquakes happen without people's awareness.A. RightB.WrongC. Not mentioned19. Seismometers can identify and locate most of the earthquakes in China.A. RightB.WrongC. Not mentioned20. Big earthquakes of a magnitude 8 or higher seldom happen far from the edges of tectonic plates.A. RightB.WrongC. Not mentioned21. Whenever tectonic plates move, earthquakes happen.A. RightB.WrongC. Not mentioned22. The earthquake that hit the eastern half of the United States two centuries ago is the biggest"mid-plate" one in history.A. RightB.WrongC. Not mentioned参考答案：16 A 17 A 18 B 19 C 20 A 21 B 22 C更多职称英语考试免费资料请访问“新东方在线职称英语频道”。

2016年职称英语理工类备考习题(阅读理解) Research by the University of Exeter1 has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as "ecosystem engineers" and predators. The study, published in the Journal of Animal Ecology, found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.Firstly, through moving of soil by nest building2 activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil. This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.Secondly, they prey on a wide range of other animals, including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers.Dirk Sanders, an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said:"Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers. They're also very territorial3 and very aggressive, defending their resources and territory against other predators. All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area.""In this research, we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it. What we found is that despite being predators, their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups4. Theygenuinely play a key role in the local environment, having a big influence on the grassland food web," Sanders said.The study, carried out in Germany, studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants, both species which can be found across Europe, including in the UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area, particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers. At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect, showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.Dr Frank van Veen, another author on the study, said:"What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels, but as the number of ants increases, their predatory impacts have the bigger effect — thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering."Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass5 but also because they act as ecosystem engineers. Ant biodiversity6 is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact, which obviously reduces its richness. However, it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem. Ants are important in below ground processes8 through the alterationof the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and other soil organisms.1 .Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?A Because they build their own nests.B Because they collect food.C Because their activity affects the environment.D Because they are predators.2. As predators, antsA prey on small as well as large animals.B collect nutritious food from the soilC collect food as decomposers.D prey on species much higher up the food chain.3. Dir Sanders' study centered on how antsA can manage to thrive in huge numbers.B defend their resources and territory against other predators.C attack those invading animals for survival.D produce such a big impact on the environment.4. What does paragraph 6 tell us?A Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.B Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.C Ants' predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.D At higher density, ants produce a positive influence on an area.5. What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph?A What roles do ants play in the ecosystem in which they live?B How do ants affect the animal diversity in a given ecosystem?C How do human activities affect ants' influence on a given ecosystem?D How do ants alter the physical and chemical environment?参考答案：1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.C更多职称英语考试免费资料请访问“新东方在线职称英语频道”。

Investment and Consumption Investment in the public sector,such as electricity,irrigation,public services and transport (excluding vehicles,ships and planes) increased by about 10%,although the emphasis moved to the transport and away from the other sectors mentioned.Trade and services recorded a 16 % ～17 % investment growth,including a 30 % increase in investment in business premises.Industrial investment is estimated to have risen by 8%.Although the share of agriculture in total gross investment in the economy continued to decline,investment grew by 9 % in absolute equipment.Housing construction had 12% more invested in it in 1964,not so much owing to increased demand,as to fears of new taxes and limitation of building. Total consumption in real terms rose by close on 11% during 1964,and per capita personal consumption by under 7 %,as in 1963.The undesirable trend towards a rapid rise in consumption,evident in previous years,remained unaltered.Since at current prices consumption rose by 16 % and disposable income by 13 %,there was evidently a fall in the rate of saving in the private sector of the economy.Once again consumption patterns indicated a swift advance in the standard ofliving.Expenditure on food declined in significance,although consumption of fruit increased.Spending on furniture and household equipment,health,education and recreation continued to increase.The greatest proof of altered living standards was the rapid expansion of expenditure on transport (including private cars) and personal services of all kinds,which occurred during 1964.The progressive wealth of large sectors of the public was demonstrated by the changing composition of durable goods purchased.Saturation (饱和) point was rapidly being approached for items such as the first household radio,gas cookers,and electric refrigerators,whereas increasing purchases of automobiles and television sets were registered. 36.From this passage,we learn that people ____________. A.spent more money than they earned B.saved more money than previously C.invested and consumed at an accelerated pace D.spent their money wisely 37.The author thinks that the trend towards a rapid rise in consumption was "undesirable”because ____________. A.expenditure on luxuries increased B.people were wealthy C.people consumed less D.people saved less 38.Expenditure increased on all the following EXCEPT ____________. A.food B.automobiles cation D.entertainment 39.It can be inferred from the increase of fruit consumption that ___________. A.people had to spend more on transportation and furniture B.the price of fruit dropped dramatically C.people were more money conscious D.people were more healthy conscious 40.The word "registered"in the last line most probably means ____________. A.marked B.approached C.listed D.booked。

2016年职称英语考试(理工)阅读理解练习题Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but until now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-al one solar thermal collector. That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn’t a very efficient way to gather heat.That’s a problem of economics. Good sola r hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And it’s also a space problem：photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from ThinSilicon in California an d Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen’s University, Canada.Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon，but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, commonly known as thin-film silicon. They don’t create as much electri city, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And,because they require much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately，thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.“That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light —pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,” Pearce explains，which is one of the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new type of PVT. You don’t have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact，Pearce’s g roup discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures，near the boiling point of water, they could make thicker cells that largely overcame the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector, they also found that by baking the cell once a day，they boosted the solar cell’s electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.41. PVTs are not efficient inA. creating electricity.B. cooling silicon solar cells.C. generating heat.D. powering solar thermal collectors.42. One of the problems PVTs have is thatA. their thermal applications are costly.B. they are too expensive to afford.C. they occupy too much space.D. it is hard to fix them on the roof.43. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an advantage of thin-film silicon solar cells?A. They are electrically efficient.B. They are less expensive.C. They are flexible.D. They are environment friendly.44. Thin-film solar panels do not sell well on market becauseA. their advantages are not well-recognized.B. they do not work well if exposed to light.C. they need improving in appearance.D. they are not advertised.45 Which of the following statements is true?A. Thin-film silicon's electrical efficiency improves when heated up.B. New techniques have been developed to produce thin-film silicon.C. Thin-film silicon works efficiently at low temperature.D. A new material enlarging the Staebler-WronsKi effect has been created.参考答案：41-45. C C A B A更多职称英语考试免费资料请访问“新东方在线职称英语频道”。

2016年职称英语考试真题理工类C级考后：阅读理解第4部分：阅读理解(第31——45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个选项。

第一篇Can you hear this?When something creates a sound wave in a room or an auditorium (礼堂)listeners hear the sound wave directly from the source. They also hear the reflections as the sound bounces off the walls, floor, and ceiling . These are called the reflected wave or reverberant (反射的) sound, which can be heard even after the sound is no longer coming from the source .The reverberation time of an auditorium is determined by thevolume or interior size of the auditorium .It is also determined by how well orhow poorly the walls, ceiling, floor,and contents of the room (including thepeople) absorb sound. There is no ideal reverberation time .The full-soundperformance of music such as Wagner operas or Mahler symphonies should have along reverberation time. The light, rapid musical passages of Bach or Mozartneed a reverberation time somewhere between.Acoustic problems often are caused by poor auditorium design .Smooth , curved (弯曲的)reflectingsurfaces create large reflections . Parallel (平行的)walls reflect sound back andforth, creating a rapid ,repetitive pulsing(有节奏的跳动)effect. Large pillars (柱)andcorners can cause acoustic shadows as the sound waves try to pass around theobject . Some of these problems can be solved by using absorbers and relectorsto change the reverberation time of a room .For example , hanging largereflectors , called clouds , over the performers will allow some soundfrequencies to reflect and others to pass yo achieve a pleasing mixture ofsound.1. This Passage is mainly aboutA sound waves and their acoustic effect .B the types of music orchestras playC walls of an auditoriumD the design of an auditorium2.Wagner operas and Mahler symphonies sound fuller in an auditorium withA a short reverberation timeB a long reverberation timeC an intermediate reverberation timeD no reverberation time3. Thispassage suggests that a good auditorium shouldA achieve a pleasing mixture of soundB get rid of all reflectionsC not have absorbers.D have smooth surfacesrge pillars and corners mayA make sound rich and fullB be cures for sound problemsC be sources of sound problemsD function as well as clouds5.The word “acoustic”in the last paragraph has something to do withA performanceB MusicC soundD noise第二篇Outside-the-classroomLearning Makes a Big DifferencePuttinga bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 Dance Marathon, fundraisersurely sounds a bit risky1.When you consider the fact that the money issupposed to be given to children in need of medical care, you might call theidea crazy.Moststudent leaders don't want to spend a large amount of time on something theycare little about, said 22-year-old University of Florida student DarrenHeitner. He was the Dance Marathon's operations officer for two years.YvonneFangmeyer, director of the student organization office at the University ofWisconsin, conducted a survey in February of students involved in campusorganizations2. She said the desire for friendship was the most frequentlycited reason for joining.At largeuniversities like Fangmeyer's, which has more than 40,000 students, thestudents first of all want to find a way to "belong in their own corner ofcampus".KatieRowley, a Wisconsin senior, confirms the survey's findings." I wanted tomake the campus feel smaller by joining an organization where I could not onlyget involved on campus but also find a group of friends."All ofthis talk of friendship, however, does not mean thatstudents aren't thinkingabout their resumes. "I think that a lot of people do join to 'fatten uptheir resume'", said Heitner."At the beginning of my college career,I joined a few of these organizations, hoping to get a start in my leadershiproles."Butwithout passion student leaders can have a difficult time trying to weather thestorms that come. For example, in April, several student organizations atWisconsin teamed up3 for an event designed to educate students abouthomelessness and poverty. Student leaders had to face the problem of solvingdisagreements, moving the event because of rainy weather, and dealing with theuniversity's complicated bureaucracy."Outside-ofthe classroom learning really makes a big difference", Fangmeyer said.1. Anextracurricular activity like raising a fund of $300,000 is risky because moststudent leaders_________.A) arelazyB) arestupidC) arenot rich enoughD) will not take an interest in it2.Atherican students join campus organizations mostly for_________.A)making a differenceB)gaining experienceC) building friendshipD)improving their resumes3. Whois Katie Rowley? _________.A) She'sa senior professorB) She's a senior studentC) She'sa senior officialD) She'sa senior citizen4. Whatdo student leaders need to carry an activity through to a successful end?_________.A) Passion.B)Money.C) Power.D) Fame.5. The phrasal verb fatten up in paragraph 6 could be best replaced by_________.A)inventB)rewriteC) polishD)complete第三篇Covering the Coast All by HimselfUniversity life is in no way cheap in Canada. It costs Peter Kemp, a computer science major at the British Columbia Institute of Technology in Vancouver, C$18,000 ayear.Amazingly, the 21-year-old is covering the cost by himself.For the past three years, Kemp has done a range of part-time jobs to pay for his tuition and living expenses. Last semester alone, he worked five jobs for 32-40hours a week. Life is busy, but Kemp enjoys it.“Doing part-time jobs gives me economic independence,”said Kemp, who will begin his senior year this fall. “Having economic independence gives me the ability to take control of my life and make my own decisions,”said Kemp. “It has also helped me understand the value of money.Among Kemp’s five jobs last semester, two were on campus. For one, he helped maintain the university’s computer labs. For the other, he worked at the IT service desk to help students and teachers solve their computer problems. He also worked for a small company that develops GPS systems. This job paid him well at C$27 an hours.“These jobs made me put what I’ve learned in university to practical use,”Kemp said.“I accomplished creative andimaginative tasks by applying my abilities to the work. ”Good time management skills help Kemp balance work and study. He’s a top student in his class. And he will be the student association chairman for his department beginning next semester. It’s a position that he has desired for a long time.“It will give me the opportunity to be the voice for my fellow students and make a difference,”says Kemp.“I believe one of the key secrets to juggling(应付)everything is to avoid putting off tasks. This can leave you stressed and reduce the quality of your work and health,”he said.“I often make a list of the things I need to do each day and rank them by their importance. The list helps me decide what task I should do first and when I should complete it. Remember to ask for help when you think you can’t finish something on time, or can’t finish it by yourself. ”31.Who is Peter Kemp?A.A computer studentB.An American studentC.A French studentD.A British student32. How did he manage to pay his tuition and livingexpenses?A.He did a variety of part-time jobs.B.He won a few scholarships.C.He borrowed money from his parents.D.He obtained cheap loans from the bank.33.Which of the following is NOT directly mentioned in the passage as an advantage of having economic independence?A.it makes one understand that life is not easy.B.it helpsone know the value of money.C.it gives one the ability to control his or her life.D.it enable one to make his or her own decisions.34. Kempis able to balance work and study due to hisA.strong will power.B.exceptional intelligence.C.desire to become a leader.D.good management of time.35.The phrase “putting off”in Paragraph 7 meansA.performing.B.fulfilling.C.finishing.D.postponing。

更多推荐：2016年职称英语理工类学习资料阅读理解。

短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。

请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇Eye-tracker Lets You Drag and Drop Files with a Glance Bored of using a mouse? Soon you'll be able to change stuff on your computer screen – and then move it directly onto your smartphone or tablet(平板电脑) –with nothing more than a glance.A system called Eye Drop uses a head-mounted eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows where you are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object – a photo, say – and then pressing a key, selects that object. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just by glancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly."The beauty of using gaze to support this is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to acquire," says Jayson Turner, who developed the system with colleagues at Lancaster University, UK.Turner believes Eye Drop would be useful to transfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display to your smartphone or for sharing photos.A button needs to be used to select the object you are looking at otherwise you end up with the "Midas touch"(点石成金) effect, whereby everything you look at gets selected by your gaze, says Turner. "Imagine if your mouse clicked on everything it pointed at," he says.Christian Holz, a researcher in human-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale, California, says the system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of using gaze-tracking to interact. "Eye Drop solves this in a slick (灵巧的)way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry with us most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutching mechanism," he says. "This now allows users to seamlessly(无缝地) interact across devices far and close in a very natural manner."While current eye-trackers are rather bulky, mainstream consumer devices are not too far away. Swedish firm Tobii is developing gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptops and tablets and is expected to be available to buy next year. And the Google Glass headset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future.Turner says he has also looked at how content can be cut and pasted or drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze and taps on a touchscreen. The system was presented at the Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia in Sweden, last week.31. The eye-tracker technology enables us to______A. change our computer screen.B. move an object from screen with a glance.C. focus on anything that interests us.D. get a smartphone connected wirelessly.答案：B32. Why is a button needed?A. To minimize the cost of Eye Drop.B. To choose as many objects as possible.C. To make Eye Drop different from others.D. To select what we want.答案：D33. The word “this” in Paragraph 6 refers to_______A. application of gaze-tracking in human-computer interaction.B. interaction between human and computer.C. generalization of Eye Drop system.D. combination of gaze-tracking with input on touch devices.答案：D34. Which of the following statement is true of eye-trackers for consumer use.A. They are costly.B. They are expected to come out soon.C. They are available.D. They are installed in Google Glass headset.答案：B35. What is Turner likely to study next?A. How to present the system in public.B. How to get touchscreen involved.C. How to drag and drop with gaze and taps.D. How to cut and paste content from a public display.答案：C第二篇 A New Strategy to Overcome Breast CancerPost-menopausal(绝经后)women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly, a study has suggested. The report, which followed 73,000 women for 17 years, found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. The American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk.A recent poll for the charity Ramblers a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week, but being active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study, published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Prevention, followed 73.615 women out of 97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between 1992 and 1993,so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group.They were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active and participating in activities such as walking, swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)and how much time they spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009. Of the women,47% said walking was their only recreational activity. Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week.Dr. Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta, Georgia, who led the study, said:”Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be aneffective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women. We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.””More strenuous(紧张的)and longer activities lowered the risk even more.”Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign, said:”This study adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference.”She added:”We know that the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the first place. The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.”36. All of the following factors relating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage EXCEPT________A. regular walkingB. breathing exerciseC. recreational activityD. lifestyle choices答案：B37. It can be inferred from Dr. Alpa Patel’s study that____.A. daily walking could cut the chance of breast cancerB. women have fewer chances of physical activityC. leisure-time activity is not associated with cancer riskD. walking is not recommended for women with breast cancer答案：A38. Dr. Alpa Patel was_____.A. chief editor of Cancer Epidemiology.B. head of the survey study.C. chair of the American Cancer Society.D. chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign.答案：B39. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Most women take walking as their only recreational activity.B. The study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects.C. Irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal womenD. Walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the women.答案：D40. The word “sustainable” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to .A. affordableB. availableC. continuableD. persistent答案：C。

2016职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解专项题(1)Benefits of Educating GirlThe benefits of educating girls are numerous — to individual girls both when they are young and when they become adult women, to their future families, and to society as whole. Education enables women to contribute more fully to the social and economic development of their societies. A girl's education is also an investment in future generations. The more educated a mother is, the more likely are her children — particularly her daughters — to roll and stay in school.The higher level of education attained by women is strongly associated with lower child death. Experts believe more educated women practice better hygiene and nutrition(营养), use health services more frequently, and survive better. Woman with more schooling tend to be healthier themselves. Perhaps reflecting their improved ability to avoid frequent childbearing (分娩)and to take advantage of available health services during pregnancy(怀孕).The educational level achieved by women, like family planning services, has the most powerful influence on family size. The impact of education on family size is strongest and most consistent for women who have completed some secondary schooling. Educating girls is three times more likely to lower family size than educating boys. Education appears to affect family size in many ways. More educated women not only want fewer children than their less educated husbands, but also are more likely to use effective contraception(避孕) successfully and to limit their families to the number of children, which contribute to smaller family size.Family size is ideal and child death rates are lowest, therefore, in countries that combine strong family planning and health programs with high levels of education for women.31 According to the article, families and the whole society benefit from women'sA work.B education.C effort.D health.32 According to the article, mother's education has an effect on children'sA personality.B experience.C grades in school.D years of schooling.33 Lower death rate of children owes to all of the following except women'sA good health.B frequent visits to health services.C better utilization of nutrition.D management of family resources.34 In what way do women contribute to the small family size according to the text?A By educating their children.B By marrying late.C By supporting the small family.D By educating their husbands.35 It can be concluded from the passage that educating girlsA has great influence on boy's growth.B is helpful to the stability of families.C can raise women's social status.D contributes to the development of society.答案：31 B 32 D 33 D 34 C 35 D2016职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解专项题(2)Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack?In the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, structural engineers are trying bard to solve a question that a month ago would have been completely unthinkable：Can building be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts inflict4ed by terrorists?Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the twin towers, structural engineers from the University at Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER) headquartered at UB traveled to ground zero as part of a project funded by the National Science Foundation. Visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance visit, they spent two days beginning the task of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and to search for clues on how to do so in buildings that were damaged, but still are standing.“Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center, those buildings that are still standing, but that sustained damage,” said M. Bruneau, Ph.D. “Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings remain standing, while our long-term goal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies to achieve enhanced performance of buildings in the event of terrorist attacks,” he added.Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling detail the monumental damage inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity. One building a block away from the towers remains standing, but was badly damaged. “This building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building,” explained A Whittaker, Ph. D. “The column became a missile that shot across the road, through the window and through the floor.”The visit to the area also revealed some surprises, according to the engineers. For example, the floor framing system in one of the adjacent buildings was quite rugged, allowing floors that were pierced by tons of falling debris to remain intact. “Highly redundant ductile framing systems may provide a simple, but robust strategy for blast resistance,”he added. Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load-bearing column fails. “We alsoneed a better understanding of the mechanism of collapse,” said A Whittaker. “We need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you can predict it.”A Reinhorn, Ph. D. noted that “Earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many buildings in the past. It induces dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in structural components. Solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist-resistant design. Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutions and to develop new ones where none exist at present.”31 The question raised in the first paragraph is one __________.A that was asked by structural engineers a month agoB that is too difficult for structural engineers to answer even nowC that was never difficult for before the terrorist attackD that terrorists are eager to find a solution to32 The project funded by the National Science Foundation __________.A was first proposed by some engineers at UBB took about two days to completeC was to investigate the damage caused by the terrorist attackD was to find out why some buildings could survive the blasts33 The column mentioned by Dr. Whittaker _________.A was part of the building close to the World Trade CenterB was part of the World Trade CenterC was shot through the window and the floor of the World Trade CenterD damaged many buildings in the vicinity of the World Trade Center34 A surprising discovery made by the investigators during their visit to ground zero is that __________.A floors in the adjacent building remain undamagedB some floor framing systems demonstrate resistance to explosionC simple floor framing systems are more blast resistantD floors in one of the adjacent buildings were pierced by tons of debris35 What Dr. Reinhorn said in the last paragraph may imply all the following EXCEPT that __________.A blast engineers should develop new solutions for terror-resistant designB blast engineering can borrow technologies developed forterror-resistant designC solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may apply to terrorist-resistant designD slast engineering emerges as a new branch of science答案：31 C建筑设计是否能使建筑具有抵御恐怖袭击的性能，是一个月前世界贸易中心受到袭击之前人们从未想过的一个问题。