大副常见批注

附件十一批注“大副收据”的注意事项和例句（一）批注的注意事项1．正确掌握批注的基本要求船在装货时，如不管货物是否完好，件数是否准确，一概不加批注，显然是不对的。

但是，对大副收据的批注，如果采取不论有无影响货运质量或赔偿一概全批，也是片面的。

所以批注应掌握既不苛求，也不马虎，既不给托运人造成不应有的麻烦，又不损害承运人的正当利益为原则。

2．要弄清远洋货物运输中有关货物批注的习惯与规定，才能确定批注的必要性。

(1)正确理解清洁提单。

它的含义是对“货物外表状况”不加任何批注的提单。

因为提单上对已装船货物的明确说明是“表面情况良好的货物”(1n apparent good order and condition)。

如另加批注，则说明与提单所载不符，即构成所谓“不清洁提单”。

1951年4月国际航运公会(International Chamber of shipping)为了减少在这方面的纠纷，做了一种决定，就是不能只因其载有下列事项而构成“不清洁提单”；①不明显地指出货品或包装不能令人满意的条款，例如旧箱，旧桶等。

②强调对由于货物性质或包装而引起的风险，承运人不予负责的条款。

⑤否认承运人对货物的内容、重量、尺码、质量或技术规格的确知的条款。

根据以上三点，属于这类批注就不会影响托运人及时结汇。

(2)熟悉本公司提单条款：如提单中已清楚地说明对承运人免责的条款，一般也可不批。

3．具体批注条文应做到(1)批注内容具体、肯定、确切、不含糊其词或模棱两可。

如对货物残损的数量不要批成“许多”、“少量”、“相当一部分”等不确切的数字，而是应按实际“x x 包”、“x x 箱”、“x x 袋’等等批上，根据一些案例要求，应把残损货物每一件的标记，号码注明。

有些货物因包装破裂后，使包内货物漏散，如有可能可将当时剩余的货物重量注明，如：第7、11、23，39、74号共五包麻袋撕破，其中第23号货物漏散尚余重XX 公斤”。

(2)根据货物本身的价值贵贱对批注的要求不一。

大幅批注要点货物批注船方收货时应对货物的质量和数量负责，既不给托运人造成不应有的麻烦，又不损害承运人的正当利益，并按照远洋货物运输与外贸条款实事求是，公平合理的予以批注。

大幅收货时具体批注应做到：1.内容具体、肯定、确切、不含糊其辞或模棱两可；2.不重复提单中的免责条款；3.对于贵重物品，船方值班人员要加强对货物的监督、检查，凡有缺陷一定按原则加以批注这里我们汇集了国内外大幅收据上比较常见的各种批注以供参考（为了使文字简明，例句均未写明具体包装号码）。

1．货物残损批注（总概）1)上述货物是装港损坏的。

The above mentioned cargo (was) damaged at the loading port.2) 上述货物是装港装卸工人造成的。

The above damage was caused by the stevedores of the loading port.3) 船方不负责上述残损货物。

Ship is not responsible for the above mentioned damaged cargo.4)货物是装货过程中和装货前损坏的。

The cargo was damaged during or before loading.5)上述残损货物是由于货物本身性质所造成的。

The above mentioned damaged cargo was caused by the mature of cargo itself.6)以校验员报告为准。

Subject to cargo surveyor’s report.7)残损货卸后才报告。

The damaged cargo was reported after discharged.8)根据租船合同，船方不负责货物残损和溢短。

According to the charter party, ship is not responsible for the damaged cargo and shortlanded and overlanded cargo.9)上述残损货物系卸货港造成的。

1.Steel coil:Coldrolledsteel sheetin coilRemarks:9 coilcoverpartlybroken .Ship'sN/R forqualityandquantityas pershipperandbayuquantally.8 coilslightlyrusty onsurface.6 coilcoverspartlyrusty andedgeprotectorspartlybent.5 coilcoverspartlycrimped.3 coilcoverspartlyband off .2.Hot rolledsteelplate:Remarks:3 P'cspartlyrusty.3.Playwood:Remarks:9 CRT'sone sidecoverpartlybrokeneach.2 CRT'stop sidecoverpartly wetby sweateach.Cause ofdamage:Found instow/found indischaegehandling.Ship isnotresponsibel forquantity,quality,no.of peices,bundlesandbrokencovers,splinting, cutting,di scoloratio ndecay of crts ,post mark not clear. Any wet owing torain or sea water due to before loading exposure to the elements. Oil stain to the cargo due tooil tire of forklift, and any kind of latent deffect of damage. Ship'sN/R for any damage and risk of the cargo due to shipN/Rwere properly and effectivel y lashed and secured under the supervisio n of ship's chief officer/super cargo.4.STEELCARGO: Remarks: All steelcargopartlyrusty priortodischarging.Lot 53B'dlesmild steelflat bars：4 Bu'dlescontent15 pcsbent.Lot 95B'dlesseamiessblacksteel pipe：3 B'dlesstrappingburstcontentloosed.B'dles mild steel flat bar: 3 B'dles content slightly bent.5.SHIP'SREMAR KS:a. All cargoes discharge d as loaded.b. All cargoes completed discharge from ship.c. 8 p'kges shorted in dispute,th e figure should retally onshore. d. Theship isN/R for above shortage.6.SHIP'S REMAR KS:Ship'sN/R for quality and quantity according to shanghai tally,and ship's N/Rdamage of deck cargoes loaded.7.SHIP'S REMAR KS:Ship's remarks as per P &I report.a.All cargos stored on the open yard.b. All cargoes slightly rusty on surface.c. Weight & quality unknown, quantity as per costaco shanghai branch SG 03.8.BULK CARGO: Total cargo loaded based on draft survey=6, 030,000 MT.9.Remarks:2520Bundelsofdeformedbar -partlyrust-stained/spotted onsurfaceprior toloading. 62Bundelsofdeformedbar -somepieceswirepartlybent atedgesection5 logisticsin steel-somebundelssheet pileironstrappingburst andpartlyrustystained.10.Remarks:shipper's load, count and measure:Ship notresponsible for shortofcontent.brokenband,splitting,cutting,erasedmarks, discolouration, foranymoisture,any wetowing torain andsea water,for oiland tiretrack owing toforkliftand anykind ofdamage.29 CRTspartlycover vet& partlycovertorn.2 CRTsone sidecover torneach.9CRTswet bysweat &coverpartly torneach.2CRTs partly band off each.11 .STOWA GE PLAN REMAKS :a. PLS balance cgo 300 mt for adjust trim.b. PLS keep cgo even keel in hold.c. PLS keep ship upright.d. PLS check ship's draft and note C/O in time .12 .SHIP REMAR KS: SHIPPER S,LOAD, COUNT AND MEASUR EMENT:VESSELNOTRESPONSIBLEFORVOLUME, NO.OFPIECESPERBUNDLES/ PACKAGEBROKENBANDS,SPLITTING,CHAFING,DISCOLOURATION, STAINEDCARGOERASEDMARKINGS, WETBY RAINOR ANYOTHERWATER BEFORE LOADIN G, OIL AND TYRE MARKS OWING TO FORKLIF TS MIXEDMARKINGS OFCARGO,ANDANYKIND OFDAMAGEINCLUDINGDUE TOINHERENT VICEOFPROPERTIES OFCARGOANDROUGNHANDLINGBYFORKLIFT/CRANEDRIVERS ANDDETERIORATION OFGOODS. 13. Remarks:Same assurveyordamagereport thisdamagerepotmake bysurveyorship's N/Rthisreport.2 bundles partly rusted on surface prior to loading.3 bundles some pieces were bent at places during loading.4 bundles steel wires were cut off prior to loading14 .Remarks: SHIPPER S/ CHARTE RS LOAD, SECURE & TALLY, AND SHIP'SN/R FOR THE SAME.EACH BUNDLE PARTLY TO MODER ATELY RUSTY AND SCRATC HECD/ CHAFEDON SURFAC E PRIOR TO LOADIN G.36 BUNDLE S STEEL WIRE CUT OFF PRIOR TO LOADIN G.IT WAS RAINY DURING LOADIN G . Weight measure subject to the survey report only.15 .30 CRTS COVER PARTLY STAINED, BROKEN, WET,BUN DLES OFF BEFORE LOADING, SHIP'S N/R FORANY DAMAGE . SHIPPED ON DECK AT SHIPPER' S RISK.ALL CASES NO ANY CHOCKIN G AND LASHING BY STEVEDO RE,SHIP'SN/R FORE ANY DAMAGE .。

盛年不重来，一日难再晨。

及时宜自勉，岁月不待人。

批注大副收据（Mate‘s Receipt：M/R）的注意事项和例句（一）批注大副收据的注意事项（1）概念：大副收据是指某一票货物装上船后，由船上大副签署托运人的作为船方已收到该票货物的凭证，托运人可据此向承运人或其代理人换取提单，又称“收货单”。

（2）大副收据的批注：1.批注的原则：货物装船时，大副必须认真核对货物的实际情况是否与装货单上记载的情况相符合，本着实事求是的原则来确定是否需要加批注，既要维护本公司的利益和声誉，又要避免给货主添加不必要的麻烦。

批注时要做到内容具体、明确、数量确实，字迹清晰、容易辨认。

2.有下列情况发生时，大副应在收据上作出明确的批注：1）夜晚或恶劣天气作业时；2）货物标志（MARKS）混杂、标志不一、无标志等；3）货物包装不固、不足、不牢等；4）货物残损，如包装破裂、补包、换包（袋）或货物潮湿、结块、融化、蒸发、污损、变质等；5）溢、短货或货物数量有争议，或因发货人原因来不及装船而退关；6）由于装卸工人原因造成的货损；7）由于海水、淡水、油、雨雷、浪花、发汗等造成的湿污；8）甲板货应注明由托运人自负风险；9）散装货应注明系根据发货人重量，船方不负责重量上短少或注明装船重量据称为多少公吨；10）易腐烂、变质、液化、融化、枯萎等货物应予注明；11）有虫、鼠害的粮食作物；12）死亡、受伤、生病或逃跑的牲畜及其他动物；13）贵重货物应注明封条完好，船方不负内容之责；（二）“大副收据”批注例句（1）关于装卸客观条件的批注：Rain work 雨天作业Snow work 雪天作业 at shippers‘ requestNight work 夜晚作业（2）关于货物标志（唛头）的批注；①船方不负责因此而造成的任何后果。

Marks mixed标志混杂Various marks the said goods标志不一 themNo mark N/R for any consequence of above mentioned 无标志 under mentionedB/L mixed提单（货物）混杂②标志…..船方不负责…indistinct不清invisible marks & numbers模糊标志号码(混杂)Marks inrecognizable N/R for correct out-turn不明卸货误差Obliterated涂抹insufficient不详(3) 对包装不固的一般批注:Cases Nos.××,×× frail××,××号箱子脆弱。

批注大副收据（Mate‘s Receipt：M/R）的注意事项和例句（一）批注大副收据的注意事项（1）概念：大副收据是指某一票货物装上船后，由船上大副签署托运人的作为船方已收到该票货物的凭证，托运人可据此向承运人或其代理人换取提单，又称“收货单”。

（2）大副收据的批注：1.批注的原则：货物装船时，大副必须认真核对货物的实际情况是否与装货单上记载的情况相符合，本着实事求是的原则来确定是否需要加批注，既要维护本公司的利益和声誉，又要避免给货主添加不必要的麻烦。

批注时要做到内容具体、明确、数量确实，字迹清晰、容易辨认。

2.有下列情况发生时，大副应在收据上作出明确的批注：1）夜晚或恶劣天气作业时；2）货物标志（MARKS）混杂、标志不一、无标志等；3）货物包装不固、不足、不牢等；4）货物残损，如包装破裂、补包、换包（袋）或货物潮湿、结块、融化、蒸发、污损、变质等；5）溢、短货或货物数量有争议，或因发货人原因来不及装船而退关；6）由于装卸工人原因造成的货损；7）由于海水、淡水、油、雨雷、浪花、发汗等造成的湿污；8）甲板货应注明由托运人自负风险；9）散装货应注明系根据发货人重量，船方不负责重量上短少或注明装船重量据称为多少公吨；10）易腐烂、变质、液化、融化、枯萎等货物应予注明；11）有虫、鼠害的粮食作物；12）死亡、受伤、生病或逃跑的牲畜及其他动物；13）贵重货物应注明封条完好，船方不负内容之责；（二）“大副收据”批注例句（1）关于装卸客观条件的批注：Rain work 雨天作业Snow work 雪天作业 at shippers‘ requestNight work 夜晚作业（2）关于货物标志（唛头）的批注；①船方不负责因此而造成的任何后果。

Marks mixed标志混杂Various marks the said goods标志不一 themNo mark N/R for any consequence of above mentioned 无标志 under mentionedB/L mixed提单（货物）混杂②标志…..船方不负责…indistinct不清invisible marks & numbers模糊标志号码(混杂)Marks inrecognizable N/R for correct out-turn不明卸货误差Obliterated涂抹insufficient不详(3) 对包装不固的一般批注:Cases Nos.××,×× frail××,××号箱子脆弱。

大副批注3DAMAGE REPORTALL CARGO DISCHARGED AS LOATEDVELLEL NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR RECEIPT ONL YSIGN WITHOUT PREJUDICE FOR RECEIPT ONL YSHORT LANDED/OVER LANDED REPORTALL CARGO DISCHARGED AS PER MANIFESTNO CARGO REMAIN ON BOARD FOR DAMMAMALL HOLDS EMPTYSHORTAGES AS PER SHORE TALL Y FOR WHICH VESSEL IS NOT RESPONSIBLESIGN WITHOUT PREJUDICE FOR RECEIPT ONL YREMARK:THE ABOVE MENTIONED DAMAGE(OUTER PACKAGE ONL Y LIGHTLY DAMAGE) HAPPEN DUE TO WEAKEN BOXTHE CONTENT IN GOOD ORDER AND CONDITIONALL THE CARGO W AS DISCHARGED AS LOADEDSHIP’S N/R FOR ANY SHORTAGE AND DAMAGEON DECK AT MERCHANT’S RISK. THE CARRIER NOT BEING RESPONSIBLE FOR LOSS OR DAMAGE HOW SO EVER ARISING10％PACKING COVER DAMAGED, CARGO QUANTITY OFFER BY TALL Y REPORT. SHIP’S N/R THE QUALITY AND CONTENTS.THE WEIGHT OF CARGO DISPUTE. SHIP’S N/R FOR THE SHORTAGE AND QUATITY10％CARGO PACKAGE BROKEN. 3% CARGO BAND BROKENALL CARGO ON DECK AT SHIPPER’S RISK, SHIP N/R THE LOSS AND DAMAGE. ALL THE CARGO RUSTED AND SCRATCHED PRIOR TO LOAD. SHIP’S N/R FOR ANY DAMAGEALL CARGOS WOODEN CASES WAS VERY WEAK, SHIP’S N/R ANY CARGO DAMAGED. ALL CARGO STOWED OPEN AREA. SHIP’S N/R ANY CARGO DAMAGED.ALL THE STEEL CARGO PARTL Y SCRA TCHED AND RUSTED,SHIP’S N/R ANY DAMAGEDTHE ABOVE MENTIONED CARGO DAMAGED BY STEVEDORES DURING DISCHARGING, SHIP’S N/R ANY DAMAGED.ALL THE CARGO DISCHARGED AS LOADED, NO CARGO REMAINING ON BOARD.NO CARGO W AS DAMAGED PRIOR TO DISCHARGE. CARGO WAS DISCHARGED AS LOADED.ALL CARGO DISCHARGED AT HALDIA AND NO CARGO REMAIN ON BOARD .SHIP OR OWNER IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR SHORT LANDING AND NOT TAKING ANY LIABILITY, SIGN WITHOUT PREJUDICE FOR RECEIPT ONL Y.。

“大副收据”批注例句（1）关于装卸客观条件的批注：⎪⎭⎪⎬⎫　夜晚作业 雪天作业 雨天作业 work Night work snow work Rain at shipper s ，request（2）关于货物标志（唛头）的批注：①……船方不负责任因此而造成的任何后果。

⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎬⎫提单（货物）混杂　无标志 标志不一　标志混杂　m ixed L B m ark No m arks Various m ixedMarks /N/R for any consequence of ⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧....mentioned under mentioned above them goods said ②标志……船方不负责任……。

Marks ⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧不详涂抹不明模糊不清nt insufficie d obliterate able inrecogniz invisible indistinct ⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎬⎫N/R for ⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧-卸货误差　标志号码（混杂）　..&turn out correct num bers m arks (3)对包装不固的一般批注：Case Nos.××，××frail.××,××号箱子脆弱。

Single bags.单层袋。

⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎬⎫⨯⨯⨯⨯-箱包装不牢　包皮破 金属包皮锈　箱板有钉洞 包装不固　包装不足　cases weak torn er Bales rusty envelope Metal holes nail with Cases Packed urely Un Packingnt Insufficie cov sec N/R for breakage , leakage and loss of contents （3） 从货物情况的发展上来考虑，比如说有两票货，同是箱装，其中一票看来箱皮较旧，但很坚固，但另一票虽然箱子较新，但很脆弱，可能不能承受正常的运输。

史上最全的大副常用批注用语收集（实用收藏）最常用的批注用语一、批注否认船方责任的内容1、船方不负责上述短卸。

Ship not responsible for the above shortage.2、船方对两港数字不一致不负责任。

Ship not responsible for the difference in the figures between loading and discharging ports.3、船方不接受上述残损。

Ship not accept above damage.4、包装不良造成残损，船方不负责任。

Ship not responsible for damage caused by poor packing.5、旧汽车，船方不负责任。

Ship not responsible for second hand car. 二、批注否认理货工作的内容1、理货数字不准。

Tally figure incorrect (inaccurate).2、不同意上述短卸。

Ship not agree to the above shortage.3、卸货中码头上有掉包，无法点清件数。

Impossible figure correct owing to fallen bags on wharf.三、批注根据岸上理货的内容1、根据岸上理货。

According to shore tally.2、船上没见理货员。

No tallyman on board.3、无人理货。

Nobody tallying.4、理货员不在现场。

Tallyman no in the spot. 四、批注把货物事故责任推到港口造成的内容。

1、上述残损是在上海港卸货造成的。

The above damage caused in Shanghai during discharging.2、卸货过程中造成残损。

Damage caused by stevedores during discharging.3、短捆溢支是工人卸散造成的。

第四章大副批注§4-1 大副批注的语言1 大副批注收货单（Mate’s Receipt），也称做大副收据，是大副签发给托运人的收货凭证，用于证明船方已收到货物并已装上船舶。

收货单是承运人签发提单的依据，是托运人向承运人换发海运提单的凭据。

经大副签字的收货单如果没有货物状况不良的批注，托运人付清预付运费，即可凭此换取已装船清洁提单。

如果收货单上出现了货物不良批注，在换发提单时，就要被原封不动地转注到提单上，这就构成了不清洁提单（Unclean B/L）。

因此，正确填写大副批注具有重要意义。

填写大副批注就注意下述事项：1.1不与提单内容重复按照某些国际法或公约的规定，有些货物的灭失、损坏承运人可免责；或者提单条款有些免责事项已成为一种惯例，承运人可不负赔偿责任。

大副在签发收货单时，没有必要将此类免责条款做一批注，使之与提单条款内容重复。

例如，中远提单背面“木材条款”规定：“……本提单中关于木材已以‘表面完好状况’装运的记载并不表明承运人承认木材上无污渍、裂缝、劈茬、孔洞或破损，并且对此承运人不负任何责任。

”如果大副收据上对木材货物做出类似的批注，不仅与提单条款重复，而且还可能给货主收汇造成不必要的麻烦。

1.2 对货物的不良状况做出准确的说明收货单上对货物不良状况的批注主要内容包括装卸条件、包装缺欠、包装受损、短量、质量缺欠等。

大副在对这些方面做出批注时，必须语言准确，不生歧义。

一此含糊不清、模棱两可的用词应完全避免，如“许多（very much, many, a lot of）”、“一些(a little of, a few of)”、“少量(little of, few of)”、“部分(some of)”、“相当(a considerable amount of)”等。

应当指出，银行拒收载有不良批注的运输单据。

但是，船方必须利用大副批注保护自身和船舶所有人的利益。

在必要的情况下，在加注批注之前可与货方商量，使之有机会修复或更换状况不佳的货件。

【大副业务】钢材、卷钢类运输装船前检验专业批注用语分享用于描述钢材或其钢材包装表面状况的条款必须准确描述装运时表面情况是否可视良好。

如果怀疑货物已经与盐水或其他氯化物接触，则应通过硝酸银测试加以确认。

以下是推荐条款的列表，其中大部分在 1964 年 2 月 28 日北英PNI 协会的通告中有详细说明。

为了确保解释的一致性，更详细地描述每一个条款所要达到的表面情况，均使用英文进行表述。

所有条款可酌情与其他表面条款和机械损坏条款结合使用。

黑体字表示有必要增加措辞。

一. 表面条款1.Covered with snow 表面积雪Surface covered with snow or ice or both.2. Galvanising affected by white oxidation marksZinc coating losing lustre and etched with white-coloured oxidation marks.3. Galvanising affected by white rustZinc coating heavily oxidated and covered in voluminous whitecoloured rust.4. Galvanising dullZinc coating losing lustre as a result of early oxidation.5. Grease spots and oil patches apparent on number unitsSurface stained with drops of grease and oil from mechanical handling equipment or other sources.6. Partly rust stainedFine powdery rust covering less than 75 % of the surface. Light tan to light brown in colour and easily removed by rubbing, scraping or wire brushing to reveal a smooth steel surface. The remainder of the surface may still have mill scale attached.7. Partly rustyBrown to heavy deep brown rust covering less than 75 % of the surface. Slightly uneven and dull steel surface revealed whenremoved by wire brushing. Remainder of the surface may be 'rust stained’ or 'partly rust stained’.8. Rust on edgesBrown to heavy deep brown rust confined to edges. When removed by wire brushing, a slightly uneven and dull steel surface revealed. Remainder of the surface may be 'rust stained’ or 'partly rust stained’.9. Rust spots apparentLocalised very slight penetration of rust through mill scale, not bulbous and reveals smooth steel surface when removed by wire brushing. Parts of surface without mill scale may be 'rust stained’.10. Rust spottingLocalised penetration of rust through mill scale, bulbous and reveals an uneven steel surface when removed by wire brushing. Parts of surface without mill scale may by 'rust stain ed’.11. Rust stainedFine powdery rust over the whole surface, light tan to light brown in colour and easily removed by rubbing, scraping or wire brushing to reveal a smooth steel surface.12. Rust with pittingBrown to heavy deep brown rust which, when removed by wire brushing, reveals pitting of the steel surface.13. RustyBrown to heavy deep brown rust which, when removed by wire brushing, reveals an uneven and dull steel surface.14. Stained extent by an unidentifiable colour powderSurface coated to the extent indicated with an unidentifiable powder of the colour indicated which could contain aggressive chemicals or be capable of holding moisture.15. Streaky rust indicates previous contact with waterSurface has rust streaks indicating that water has previously dripped down it.16. Surface areas reacting to silver nitrate solution testsSilver nitrate tests prove that the surface has been in contact with salt water or other chlorides.17. Wet before shipmentWater visible on surface or dripping out of bundles.18. Packing + surface-condition clauseThe surface condition of the cargo packing is as described by any of the above clauses.下面列举17个钢材的照片说明了表面状况条款：Fig. 1. Channels and angles (rust cleaned away locally). Surface-condition clause: rust stainedFig. 2. Wrapped coils. Surface-condition clause: packing rust stainedFig. 3. Steel plates. Surface-condition clause: rust stained, wet before shipmentFig. 4. Reinforcing bars in bundles with dampness evident. Surface condition clause: rust stained, wet before shipmentFig. 5. Plates with most mill scale intact, but handling has also fragmented mill scale from edges. Surface-condition clause: partly rust stained, wet before shipmentFig. 6. Beams with some mill scale still intact but rust encroaching on flanges and webs. Note correct nesting position. Surface-condition clause: rust stainedFig. 7. Wrapped packages of steel plates. Surfacecondition clause: packing partly rust stainedFig. 8. Hot-rolled steel coils. Surface-condition clause: rustyFig. 9. Channels. Surface-condition clause: rustyFig. 10. Plates. Surface-condition clause: rust with pittingFig. 11. Hot-rolled steel coil. Surface-condition clause: rust stained, rust spots apparentFig. 12. Rails. Surface-condition clause:rust with pittingFig. 13. Galvanised coils (with wrappers removed). Surface-condition clause: galvanising affected by white rustFig. 14. Wrapped coil with streaky rust brought about by dripping water from 'cargo sweat’. Surface-condition clause: packing rust stained, streaky rust indicates previous contact with waterFig. 15. Galvanised pipes bundles showing no evidence of having been subjected to a passivation process. Surfacecondition clause: galvanising dullFig. 16. Beams with flaking mill scale on webs. Surface-condition clause: rust stained, rust spots apparentFig. 17, Hot-rolled coil which has been in contact with salt water, suspect indications being configuration and colour of the rust. Surface-condition clause: [rust clause applicable] + surface areas reacting to silver nitrate solution tests二.机械损坏条款用于描述钢材货物机械损坏的条款必须准确描述货物的表面状况或装运时钢材包装的缺陷。