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英语中被动句的翻译方法

英语中被动句的翻译方法

英语中被动句的翻译⽅法（1) 汉语中有被/由/叫/挨/让/给/受/遭等词时,可译成英语被动句.他常被派做这项⼯作. He is often sent to do this work.你叫⾬淋湿了. Have been wetted in the rain.这孩⼦昨天挨来了⼀顿批评. The boy was criticized yesterday.我们的⾐服给汗⽔湿透了. Our clothes were soaked with sweat.东西受潮了. The things have been affected with damp.他们去年遭了灾. They were hit by a natural calamity last year.(2) 不带标记的汉语被动句有些句⼦的主语不是动词的执⾏者,⽽是动作的承受者,结构上是主动的,但含义上确是被动的,英译时⽤被动句处理.历史是⼈民创造的. History is made by the people.这⾸歌是我⼀个朋友谱写的. The song was composed by a friend of mine.这个问题必须予以处理. This matter must be dealt with.这座桥将在今年年底建成.The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year.(3) 汉语某些习语的译法:有些汉语习语,语态上是主动的,但英译时要⽤被动语态,特别是英语中以IT作形式主语的句式.应该说,基本情况是健康的. It should be said that the situation is basically sound.据报,敌⼈当时离那⾥只有⼗⾥.It is reported that the enemy were ten li away.很明显,这计划应当取消. It is obvious that the plan should be scrapped.据谣传,那场事故是由于玩忽职守⽽造成的. It is rumored that the accident was due to negligence.据了解这地⽅有丰富的⾃然资源. It is known that the area is rich in natural resources.有⼈认为 It is considered that-- 普遍认为 It is generally accepted that--据信 It is believed that-- 众所周知 It is well known that据悉 It is learned that 据推测 It is supposed that--据估计 It is estimated that 必须指出 It must be pointed out that可见 It will be seen that 不⽤说 It is understood that⽆可否认 It cannot be denied that 已经证明 It has been proved that可以肯定 It may be confirmed that 可以有把握地说 It may be safely said that⼈们有时会问 It is sometimes asked that ⼈们希望 It is expected that据说 It is said that据报道 It is reported that。

被动句的译法

被动句的译法

译成被动句
如果原文的被动行为的主体，即逻辑主语（一般 是由by引出的介词短语）的意思是表示人或事 物，强调执行的动作，可译成“受…”“遭…”句式 The lower fields are affected by flooding. 低洼地收到洪灾的影响。 There is little possibility that human beings will be controlled by machines. 人类受机器控制的可能性不大。 The visitor was flattered and impressed. 这位客人受宠若惊，深为感动。

译成被动句
英语的被动句如果强调被动意义，就可以译成“ 被…”或“给..”句式 Her four-year-old daughter Sally was invited to a children’s party. 她的四岁女儿萨利被邀请去参加一个儿童晚会。 Many of these questions would never have been asked if physics itself had not been put to use. 假如物理学本身知识不被应用，许多问题就不会 被提出来。

译成主动句
有时原文有被动的意思，但“被”字在原文没有 逻辑主语，并且不强调被动意义，译文可以直接 把“被”省略，变主动句 At the beginning of this century,a new drilling method was developed. 本世纪初，一种新式钻井法（被）发展起来了 A world decathlon champion is considered to be the strong man in the world. 一名世界十项运动的优胜者（被）视为世界上的 强人

被动语态的翻译

被动语态的翻译
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被动语态的翻译
[<]
英语中以it 做形式主语，以被动语态作谓语，其后跟一个由that引导的主语从句的结构很多。这种结 构在译成汉语时，除把it一律省略外，通常有两种处理方法： 1.在被动语态前加“人们”、“有人”、“我们”、“大家”等词 2.用“据……”等短语译出
2). It is estimated that Americans spend up to five years of their lives in that tedious, stressful but unavoidable process known as waiting. 据估计，美国人一生中, 在乏味而令人厌烦, 却又躲避 不掉的等待上所耗费的时间,竟达五年之多。 英语中这种it做形式主语的被动句型在各类文章中比 比皆是，汉译时一般均按主动结构译出。即将原文中 的主语从句译在宾语的位置上，而把it做形式主语的主 句译成一个独立语或分句。常见的固定结构如：
4) The monkeys were given sweet potatoes by scientists who wanted to attract them to the shore of an island.
科学家们给猴子白薯，想把它们引到海岛的岸边。
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被动语态的翻译
[<]
B . 把被动语态译成汉语主动句 1). His pride must be pinched. 他这股傲气应该打下去。
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被动语态的翻译
1.4 “It+ be+ past participle + that引导的从句”句型的翻译 A. 不加主语 It is hoped that... 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is said that... 据说…… It is supposed that… 据推测…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that… 可以 毫不夸张地说…… It must be admitted that... 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that... 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that… 由此可见……

英语被动句的翻译

英语被动句的翻译
“受”、“得”等字。

Linda was praised by her teacher. 琳达受到了老师的表扬。
Vitamin C is destroyed when it is overheated． 维生素C受热过度就会被破坏。 The schoolboy was knocked down by a car when crossing the street. 那名男生在穿过街道时被一辆小汽车撞倒了。
It may be safely said that…可以有把握地说…… It must be pointed out that… 必须指出…… It can be clearly seen that…可以清楚地看到…… It should be noted that… 应当指出…… It is felt that…人们感到…… It is thought that… 人们认为…… It is understood that…人们明白…… It is reported that…据报道…… It was estimated that… 据估计…… It has been calculated that…根据计算…… It has been proved that…业已证明…… It is found that…有人发现…… It is asked that…有人会问…… It was so decided that… 就此决定……
英语被动句的翻译技巧
英语被动句的翻译技被动句式. 但英语中被动句语态出现的频率远远高于中文, 尤其是在科技论文中，经常会使用到被动语态。 所以英语中的被动句在转译成汉语时，由于汉 语表达习惯的要求, 应该翻译成汉语的主动句。 具体有以下几种情况。
1. 翻译成汉语的被动句，主要是用“被”、

被动语态翻译

被动语态翻译

被动语态翻译被动语态是英语语法中常用的一种语态。

在被动句中，动作的承受者（即主动句中的宾语）成为句子的主语，而动作的执行者（即主动句中的主语）则成为被动句中的介词短语（通常由介词“by”引导）或省略掉。

被动语态常用于强调动作的接收者或者操纵者的不重要性。

下面是一个关于被动语态的例子：主动语态：John wrote the article.翻译：约翰写了这篇文章。

被动语态：The article was written by John.翻译：这篇文章是约翰写的。

被动语态在以下情况下常常被使用：1. 当动作的执行者不明确或不重要时。

例如：The car was repaired.（这辆车已经修好了。

）2. 当我们想强调动作的承受者或结果时。

例如：The book was written by a famous author.（这本书是由一位著名作家写的。

）3. 当我们想避免重复使用主动句中的主语时。

例如：The tickets were sold out quickly.（这些票很快就卖光了。

）4. 在科学或者学术写作中，常使用被动语态来描述实验或研究结果。

例如：The data was collected and analyzed.（数据已被收集和分析。

）被动语态的构成：被动语态的构成方式为：be动词（am, is, are, was, were, been, being） + 过去分词（V-ed）。

例如：主动语态：She opens the door.被动语态：The door is opened by her.被动语态也可以用于不同时态和不同人称，只需要根据上述构成方式进行相应的变化。

例如：主动语态：They will finish the project.被动语态：The project will be finished by them.被动语态的使用需要根据上下文和语境来决定，不适合所有情况。

英语被动句的翻译

英语被动句的翻译

4、将英语的被动句译成汉语的被动句 4. 1译成汉语的“被……”或“给……” The motion is rejected.(动机被否决了) ——原句的主语仍作主语，在行为主体前加“被”字表 示被动。 I started to explain that I could not do my best since my glasses had been taken away from me, but she wouldn't let me finish. (我开始解释，我不可能干得好，因为我的眼镜给拿走了， 但她不准我讲完。) ——句子中主语不变，在谓语前加“给”字表示被动。 4. 2.译成汉语中带有“遭”、“遭到”、“遭受”、 “让”、“叫”等表示被动的句子 . They were hit by a natural calamity last year. (他们去年遭灾了)
5、特殊翻译法 所谓特殊翻译法，是指在某些情况下英语的一 些被动句并不适合套用上述四种模式(方法)来翻 译，翻译时只有先弄懂原句意，再根据汉语的表 述特点，把它译成通顺、可读的汉语句。 She was delivered of a girl （她生了一个女孩。） I was told that she had committed suicide. （我听说她自杀了。） He has been married to a Comrade Yang (他和一位姓杨的同志结了婚。) Dr Smith has been asked to attend the academic discussion (史密斯博上应邀参加了学术研讨会)
英语被动句的翻译
1、将英语的被动句译成汉语的主动句
1. 1原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语 Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid. （水能从液体变成固体） ——原句主语仍作主语，省译“被”字。 The novel "A Dream of Red Mansions" has been translated into many foreign languages. (小说《红楼梦》己经译成许多国文字。) 1. 2.原句中的主语在译文中作宾语(动作的发出者作主语) Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change. （这种化学反应能放出热和光。） ——用“by”引导的介词宾语作主语。 这种译法是把原句的主语翻译成宾语，把原句中的宾 语译成主语。

英语语态——主动语态和被动语态(下)

英语语态——主动语态和被动语态（下）六．英语被动句的翻译举例英语被动句翻译为汉语时，应根据具体情况灵活掌握。

1. 用“被”、“由”、“受（到）”、“挨”、“得到”、“给”、“叫……给”、“让……（给）”、“是……的”、“为……所”、“加以”等译成汉语的被动句。

例如：1）The door was mended by him.门被他修好了。

/ 门叫（让）他给修好了。

/ 门是他修的。

2）He was praised（表扬）. But we were criticized（批评；责备）.3）The machine is used by many people. 这台机器为（被）许多人所使用。

4）The problem must be studied carefully. 这个问题必须仔细加以研究。

2. 借助句中的状语等做主语，译成汉语的主动句。

例如：1）All kinds of drinks are sold in that supermarket.在那家超市里卖各种各样的饮料。

或：那家超市卖各种各样的饮料。

2）Table tennis is played all over China.中国各地都打乒乓球。

3．按照英语句子的主谓顺序，译成可省“被”字的汉语句。

例如：1）His homework has just been done.他的家庭作业刚做完。

2）The food has been eaten up.食物已吃光了。

4．成汉语的无主句。

例如：1）Soon the news was received.不久就收到了那个消息。

也可译为：不久那个消息就收到了。

2）After a while, many people were seen to run out.过来一会儿，看到许多人跑了出来。

5. 添加“有人”、“人们”、“大家”、“我们”等泛指的主语译成汉语。

或译为“据……”。

例如：1）He was seen to take the book.有人看见他拿走了那本书。

英语翻译1被动语态的翻译

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被动语态的翻译
1.2 译成主动句
英译汉时，不少英语被动句被译成汉语主动句，使句
子更符合汉语习惯。 Don’t be alarmed if your newborn fails to be startled by loud noises or fails to turn toward sound. 如果你的新生儿听到响声并不吃惊，或者没有把头转 向发出声音的方向，不必慌张。
Late in November, street lights and store windows are decorated with the traditional Christmas colors of red and green. 11月下旬，街灯和商店的橱窗都用红和绿这两种传统的 圣诞节颜色加以装饰。
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被动语态的翻译
2.2 含有被动意义的汉语句子应当译成英语的被动句 这类句子在形式上没有被动标记：有主语有动词，但主语 不是谓语动词动作的执行者，有时主语缺席，但都有被动含义， 英译时应该译成被动语态。例如： 当他了解到需要什么以后就决定申请入会。 When he learned what was required, he decided to apply for membership. 基本建设速度加快，投资环境不断完善。 The capital construction has been accelerated and the environment for investment has been continuously improved.
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被动语态的翻译
二、 汉译英中被动语态的翻译
2.1 带有如 “被”、“受”、“遭”、“给”、“挨”等被动标 记词的汉语句子应该译成英语被动句。 1) 被采访的孩子们的反应是不同的。 Latchkey children who were interviewed reported diverse reactions. 2) 他们认为他们受到了关爱与信任，这种感觉激励了他们的信心。 They felt loved and trusted, and this feeling encouraged them to be self-confident. 3) 我发现昨天英语考试中我作弊的事当天晚上就让我父母知道了。 I found that my cheating in yesterday’s English test was known by my parents that very evening.

英语否定句被动句倒装句型的翻译




介词 This problem is above me. 这个问题我不懂。 It was beyond his power to sign such a contract. 他无权签订这种合同。 These planes were held back to protect the enemy’s home islands instead of being used where they were badly needed. 这些飞机被留在后方保卫敌人本岛，未 用于其他急需的地方。
2.2 Methods of Translating English Sentences in the passive voice
2.2.1 Converting the Passive Voice into the Active 译成汉语主动句
2.2.1.1 Keeping the original subject unchanged





（三）形容词 He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. 他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。 All the articles are untouchable in the museum. 博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。 （四）名词 It was said that someone had sown discord among them. 据说有人在他们中间搞挑拨离间。 He manifested a strong dislike for his father’s business. 他对他的父亲的行业表示强烈的厌恶情绪。
English passive voice is used to indicate an unknown subject, for the purpose of emphasis, or for the sake of stylistic device. 1) When the active subject is unknown or cannot be readily stated, for example: We are kept strong and well by clean air. 清洁的空气使我们身体健康。 2) When the actor is known but need not be mentioned, Visitors are requested no to touch the exhibits. 观众请勿触摸展品。

汉语主动句译成英语被动句方法

汉语主动句译成英语被动句方法汉语主动句译成英语被动句我们在汉译英时，往往也需要把汉语主动句译成被动句。

这是因为：为了保证上下文连贯，使衔接更紧密，句子更自然;或强调动作承受者;或使语气婉转、措辞恰当。

具体转换方法有如下两种。

1)把汉语主动句的宾语译成英语被动句的主语。

例1 ____________(将领你们去参观我们的新车间)by the secretary.来自译文：You will be shown our new workshop.简评：如果这句话不是划线填内容，你完全可以将它翻译成The secretary will show you our new workshop。

正是因为题型是补全句子，这就给翻译带来了一定的难度，你必须去适应题型要求而不是让题型来适应你。

让我们看看译文已给出部分：by the secretary显然是一个被动语态特征，“秘书”在译文里已经由原来的主语变成了译文句子的补足成分。

所以，题目是暗示我们要把原句中“你们”转换成译句里的主语，这样才符合出题要求。

例2 You __________(我们期待你能组织贸易推广活动)this time.译文：are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns.简评：根据题目可推知全句意思是：我们期望你能组织这次的贸易推广活动。

中文句子主语、谓语、宾语分别是：我们、期望、你。

但是在英文译文的给出部分中我们看到句子以you开头，也就是说“你被期望能组织这次贸易推广活动”。

中文的宾语变成了英文的主语，这就要求我们在翻译时要使用被动语态。

全句完整答案是：You are expected to organize the trade publicity campaigns this time.2)当汉语句以“我们”、“人们”、“大家”等泛指性代词作主语时，在翻译成英文的时候常常可以忽略主语不译，并把英文译句处理成被动语态。

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英语被动句翻译技巧
注意英语被动句的翻译。

英文的被动句经常用汉语主动句表达，如：You are requested to give a performance 英文的被动句译成汉语的主动句：请你给我们表演一个节目。

英文中被动意义也可以用汉语中含有主动意义的句子来表达。

常译成“被”、“由”、“受”、“为…所”等等。

例如： What is feared as failure in American society is，above all，loneliness.（在美国社会中作为失败而为人们所恐惧的，莫过于孤独了。

）
注意长句的翻译。

首先不要被长句吓住，即使是很长的句子，也是由最基本的成分组成。

分析句子的基本成分，主语、谓语、宾语、状语。

抓住主干部分，然后逐次分析各词意思以及相互间的逻辑、语法关系，再进行翻译。

值得注意的是关系分句的翻译。

关系分句主要功能是作名词（词组）的后置修饰语（即定语），但除作名词修饰语外，关系分句还可起其他作用，比如起状语分句和并列分句的作用，因此译成汉语时要注意，限定性关系分句翻译时因为英文置于名词后，汉语则将其置于先行项（antecedent）的前边，使其译成带有“的”字的定语句子，如：I want a wife who will work and send me to school.（我想要个既能工作又能送我上学的老婆）。

有的句子过长，前置会显得累赘，或不符合汉语的习惯，这样我们翻译时将从句后置，把它翻译成跟主句平行的并列句。

如：I want a wife who will not trouble me with a wife's duties but a1ways listens to me.（我想要个老婆，她不会以妻子的义务来打搅我，而是始终听命于我。

）
非限制性关系分句和它的先行项之间有比较松散的关系。

就其意义上来说，在句子中有时相当于二个并列分句，有时在语义上起状语分句的作用，翻译时可将其后置译成并列句，例如：
The sun warms the earth， which makes it possible for plants to grow.（太阳温暖了大地，这才使植物有可能生长。

）也可以完全脱离主句，译成独立句。

如：She was very patient towards the children， which her husband seldom was.（她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。

）
Exercises： Put the following into Chinese:
①It is reported that they have found another star.
②It happens that I have my check-book with me.
③It is likely that he will succeed.
④It is a question that we arrive before l0 o'clock.
⑤She was advised to take the medicine。

⑥she told me that a big reservoir was being built in her hometown.
⑦I'll never forget the day when l came to the University.
⑧Yesterday I saw a wonderful film， which was about World War II. Key to the exercises：
①据报道，他们又发现了一颗星。

②碰巧我带着支票簿。

…③很可能他将成功。

④我们必须十点钟前到达是个问题。

⑤她被劝告吃药。

⑤她告诉我她的家乡正在建造一个大型水库。

⑦我将永远不会忘记我来这所大学的那一天。

⑧昨晚我看了一部精彩的电影，是关于二次世界大战的。