商务英语被动句的翻译

外教一对一实用商务英语翻译教程——被动语态的处理被动语态的处理商务英语中被动语态使用范围很广，凡是在不必说出主动者、不愿说出主动者、无从说出主动者或者是为了便于连贯上下文等情形下，往往都用被动语态。

汉语中虽然也有被动语态，但是使用范围狭窄得多。

商务英语中被动语态的句子，译成汉语时，很多情况下都可译成主动句，但也有一些可以保留被动语态。

一、保留被动语态在进行英译汉时，语态不变，仍然保持原来的被动语态，但译者常常需要在主谓语之间加上一些汉语中表示被动的介词，如“被”、“给”、“遭”、“为……所”等。

译例l◆Competition in business is regarded to be a means to earn money.译文商业竞争被认为是一种挣钱手段。

译例2> Although Americans today are likely to think that Alger's stories are too good to be true, they continue to be inspired by the idea of earning wealth and success as an entrepreneur who makes it on his own.译文尽管今天美国人有可能认为阿尔杰的故事好得令人难以置信，但是他们却依然为那种自力更生赢得财富和成功的企业家精神所鼓舞。

句中的“they continue to be inspired by the idea of earning wealth a nd success as an entrepreneur who makes it on his own”采用的是被动语态，在翻译成汉语时，可以保持原来的语态，只是在主谓语之间加上汉语中表示被动的介词：“为……所”就可以了。

二、转换成主动语态在有些情况下，可变换语态，将原来的被动语态转换成主动语态，使译文明确易懂。

英语中被动句的翻译⽅法（1) 汉语中有被/由/叫/挨/让/给/受/遭等词时,可译成英语被动句.他常被派做这项⼯作. He is often sent to do this work.你叫⾬淋湿了. Have been wetted in the rain.这孩⼦昨天挨来了⼀顿批评. The boy was criticized yesterday.我们的⾐服给汗⽔湿透了. Our clothes were soaked with sweat.东西受潮了. The things have been affected with damp.他们去年遭了灾. They were hit by a natural calamity last year.(2) 不带标记的汉语被动句有些句⼦的主语不是动词的执⾏者,⽽是动作的承受者,结构上是主动的,但含义上确是被动的,英译时⽤被动句处理.历史是⼈民创造的. History is made by the people.这⾸歌是我⼀个朋友谱写的. The song was composed by a friend of mine.这个问题必须予以处理. This matter must be dealt with.这座桥将在今年年底建成.The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year.(3) 汉语某些习语的译法:有些汉语习语,语态上是主动的,但英译时要⽤被动语态,特别是英语中以IT作形式主语的句式.应该说,基本情况是健康的. It should be said that the situation is basically sound.据报,敌⼈当时离那⾥只有⼗⾥.It is reported that the enemy were ten li away.很明显,这计划应当取消. It is obvious that the plan should be scrapped.据谣传,那场事故是由于玩忽职守⽽造成的. It is rumored that the accident was due to negligence.据了解这地⽅有丰富的⾃然资源. It is known that the area is rich in natural resources.有⼈认为 It is considered that-- 普遍认为 It is generally accepted that--据信 It is believed that-- 众所周知 It is well known that据悉 It is learned that 据推测 It is supposed that--据估计 It is estimated that 必须指出 It must be pointed out that可见 It will be seen that 不⽤说 It is understood that⽆可否认 It cannot be denied that 已经证明 It has been proved that可以肯定 It may be confirmed that 可以有把握地说 It may be safely said that⼈们有时会问 It is sometimes asked that ⼈们希望 It is expected that据说 It is said that据报道 It is reported that。

商务英语语篇中被动语态的运用及其翻译The Use and Translation of the Passive Voicein Business English学院（系）：专业：学生姓名：学号：指导教师（职称）：评阅教师：完成日期：I商务英语语篇中被动语态的运用及其翻译［摘要］被动语态是语言学中较为常见的语法现象。

较汉语而言，英文中使用得更为广泛，尤其是在商务英语这一实用性语体中更是有着举足轻重的地位。

本文共分四章对此课题进行研究，首先对英汉语篇中被动语态做对比分析；接着进一步探究了商务英语中被动语态的分类、功能及运用，商务英语中被动语态的大量使用实现了正式、公正、礼貌、委婉等语用功能,是合作原则与礼貌原则的体现；然后具体介绍了商务英语中被动语态的翻译，由于汉语中较少使用被动语态,因此翻译上应注重功能对等,在措辞上遵循汉语表达的同等语用功能；最后做出总结。

［关键词］商务英语；被动语态；运用；翻译IIThe Use and Translation of the Passive Voicein Business EnglishEnglish MajorAbstract: The passive voice is a common grammatical phenomenon in linguistics. Compared with the Chinese, it is used more widely in English, and it also has a pivotal position in the practical Business English language. This paper is divided into four chapters to discuss this subject. At first，we do comparative analysis of the passive voice in Chinese and English; And then further explore the classification, function and use of passive voice in English. The extensive use of passive voice has achieved formal, impartial, courteous, tactful and other pragmatic functions, which also shows the principle of cooperation and courtesy; then it specifically introduces the translation of passive voice in English. Because the passive voice is less used in Chinese, we should focus on the functional equivalence of translation that is, trying to make the Chinese wording have the same pragmatic function; At last we have a summary.Key words: Business English; passive voice; use; translation strategiesIIIContentsIntroduction (V)Chapter 1 The Comparison of Passive V oice in English and Chinese (2)1.1 The forms of passive voice (2)1.1.1 The form of passive voice in English (2)1.1.2 The form of passive voice in Chinese (2)1.2 The features of passive voice (3)1.2.1 Format (3)1.2.2 The relationship of subject and object (5)1.2.3 The mobility (5)1.3 The factors of using passive voice (5)Chapter 2 Passive V oice in Business English (6)2.1 Classification (6)2.2 Pragmatic function (6)Chapter 3 The Translation Strategies of the Passive Voice in B usiness English (9)3.1 Using passive forms (10)3.2 Using active forms (10)Conclusion (12)References (14)Acknowledgements (XIX)IVIntroductionInternational business activities are increasing in today‟s economic globalization. The English used in the introduction of technology, foreign trade, investment, foreign contracting and labor service contracts, international finance, foreign insurance, overseas investment and other fields are all called Business English. Business communication is the bridge for people to explain views and achieve cooperation, which is inseparable from the speech activities. English as a universal language in the world plays an important role in business verbal communication. Business English is a branch of the English language system, which serves for the specific international business activities. It is based on English vocabulary, basic grammar and sentence structure, but it has a unique language phenomenon and content. From the stylistic features of Business English, we can easily find there are lots of passive sentences, which are not commonly used in Chinese, so we have encountered problems in the translation. It is necessary for us to have a comparison of the differences between English and Chinese. Exploring the use of passive voice in business English discourse and its translation is good for a translator to grasp the original style, make a rational wording and protect the speakers‟interests as well as manifest their courtesy and cooperation.VChapter 1 The Comparison of Passive V oice in English and Chinese1.1 The forms of passive voicePassive voice is a common grammatical phenomenon in English which is opposed to the active voice. It composed of different tense of “to be” followed by a verb‟s past participle form and the subject is the bearer of the action. Passive voice can avoid giving others the subjective feeling, so that the text is more objective and formal and the tone will be more tactful. “English passive voice has a variety of forms, and there are strict rules for the structure and syntax. While in Chinese only one word or phrase in the passive form can show the passive voice.”(何自然，1988:42) [1]1.1.1 The form of passive voice in EnglishA. The passive voiceThe passive voice is the most common form to manifest the English passive meaning, in general, it is composed of “be + past participle”or “get / become + past participle”.The passive voice composed of “g et / become + past participle” generally refers to the result of the action rather than the action itself.It often expresses the meaning that something is finally done, something takes place suddenly or someone has a chance encounter. It can also show the “gra dation” of the state, emphasis on action process. For example:[e.g. 1] History is made by the people.The more I hear, the more I get / become troubled.B. The active form expressing the passive meaningThere are some verbs with active form in English which actually are expression of passive meaning. For example,[e.g. 2] The man is drowning = The man is being drowned.1.1.2 The form of passive voice in ChineseUnlike English passive sentence，the Chinese passive sentence doesn‟t change the form. The difference between passive sentence and active sentence lies in the “mark words of the form”. If you don‟t take the semantic level into account, there is no different sign between the form of passive sentences and the general structure of the active sentences. Therefore, the Chinese passive sentence can be also divided into two categories: passive sentence with theVInegative mark and the active form expressing passive meaning. This presentation will help us to compare it in English and Chinese. Chinese passive sentence is verb-predicate sentence and its adverbial is preposition phrase composed of “被”. The subject is the bearer of the verb, and the object is the executer. For example, “敌人被我们消灭了。

英语商务信函中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译篇一：英语商务信函和合同中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译龙源期刊网.cn英语商务信函和合同中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译作者：杨阳来源：《学周刊·上旬刊》2015年第02期摘要：被动语态被广泛地运用在英语商务信函和英语合同中，比起主动语态，被动语态使语气显得更加委婉、含蓄以及客观许多。

在汉语中，被动语态一般使用的比较少。

所以一般在翻译英语的商务信函与合同的过程中，主动语态通常都被翻译为被动语态，再进行适当的语言修饰，从而保证翻译之后的文章流畅通顺。

关键词：英语商务信函被动语态作为商务英语中比较常见的一种语法现象，有助于体现合作的礼貌与原则。

而商务英语中，被动语态的使用和汉语的被动语态的用法有着一定程度上的不同。

本文主要就针对商务英语中被动语态使用较多的商务信函与合同进行分析，从而更好地理解被动语态在商务英语中的应用与翻译状况。

一、对被动语态的认识被动语态作为动词的一种形式存在，主要是指主语是谓语动作的承受者。

若是要讲述一个客观事实就需要借助被动语态。

被动语态强调的是动作的承受者，而不是动作的发出者。

被动语态通常都是由by引导出来的，但是也有由介词by引导出来的短语，如“by bike”（骑自行车）“by bus”（坐公共汽车）等。

并且还有一些真被动、假主动的十几个常用词的用法都需要我们注意，如“so heavy to carry”表示的就是被动语态，但却不是用的“so heavy to be carried”。

针对被动语态使用的不同情况，我们一定要做到全面掌握每一种被动语态，这对于学习英语及商务信函和合同的翻译都是十分重要的。

二、英语商务信函和合同中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译（一）英语商务信函中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译被动语态作为一种重要的语言手段与工具被广泛运用在商务英语中。

与主动语态相比，被动语态不强调动作的发出者，这样在语气上就会显得委婉许多，也不会让动作的承受者感受到一种发出者将某种意思强加的强硬感觉。

英语商务信函和合同中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译篇一：英语商务信函和合同中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译龙源期刊网.cn英语商务信函和合同中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译作者：杨阳来源：《学周刊·上旬刊》2015年第02期摘要：被动语态被广泛地运用在英语商务信函和英语合同中，比起主动语态，被动语态使语气显得更加委婉、含蓄以及客观许多。

在汉语中，被动语态一般使用的比较少。

所以一般在翻译英语的商务信函与合同的过程中，主动语态通常都被翻译为被动语态，再进行适当的语言修饰，从而保证翻译之后的文章流畅通顺。

关键词：英语商务信函被动语态作为商务英语中比较常见的一种语法现象，有助于体现合作的礼貌与原则。

而商务英语中，被动语态的使用和汉语的被动语态的用法有着一定程度上的不同。

本文主要就针对商务英语中被动语态使用较多的商务信函与合同进行分析，从而更好地理解被动语态在商务英语中的应用与翻译状况。

一、对被动语态的认识被动语态作为动词的一种形式存在，主要是指主语是谓语动作的承受者。

若是要讲述一个客观事实就需要借助被动语态。

被动语态强调的是动作的承受者，而不是动作的发出者。

被动语态通常都是由by引导出来的，但是也有由介词by引导出来的短语，如“by bike”（骑自行车）“by bus”（坐公共汽车）等。

并且还有一些真被动、假主动的十几个常用词的用法都需要我们注意，如“so heavy to carry”表示的就是被动语态，但却不是用的“so heavy to be carried”。

针对被动语态使用的不同情况，我们一定要做到全面掌握每一种被动语态，这对于学习英语及商务信函和合同的翻译都是十分重要的。

二、英语商务信函和合同中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译（一）英语商务信函中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译被动语态作为一种重要的语言手段与工具被广泛运用在商务英语中。

与主动语态相比，被动语态不强调动作的发出者，这样在语气上就会显得委婉许多，也不会让动作的承受者感受到一种发出者将某种意思强加的强硬感觉。

商务英语中的被动语态及其翻译策略作者：印丽萍来源：《消费导刊》2009年第23期[摘要]被动语态在商务英语中被广泛使用,而在汉语中却用得很少,所以将商务英语中的被动语态翻译成汉语时就遇到了问题。

本文从商务英语的语言特点及被动语态的作用谈起,分析其翻译对策。

[关键词]商务英语被动语态翻译策略作者简介:印丽萍(1981-),女 ,汉,无锡市广播电视大学外语系,助教。

籍贯:江苏省镇江市丹徒区。

主要研究方向:英语教学。

一、引言语言在一定程度上和文化是密不可分的,因此,不同国家之间的语言具有不同的特点。

汉语和英语这两种语言比较起来,汉语是一种讲究意和的语言,而英语则重视形和,即通过语言结构、形式来实现各种不同意思的表达,所以英语中使用被动语态的频率较高,但在汉语中用得很少,且常会用主动形式去表达被动意思。

商务英语作为一种信息型文体,出于它对于语用功能的要求,更需要采用被动语态这种语言手段。

那么,在实际的学习和教学过程中,如何对这种特殊的语言现象进行理解和翻译呢?本文将从商务英语的语言特点及被动语态的作用入手,结合一般的翻译理论,谈一谈商务英语被动语态的翻译策略问题。

二、商务英语的语言特点商务用语较多采用术语是其主要特点之一。

因此,人们有时往往对一个很简单的词汇都会出现理解误区。

例如:accept.原本大家都知道它是表示接受的意思,但在商務英语中却可以用做“承兑”。

这种情况还有很多,再如:line. 我们都知道是表示“线,排成一行等”的意思,但在商务英语中,它还可以表示商品的种类,某一类行业。

用语简洁明了。

在商务英语中一些可以简单表述的内容绝对不会用冗长的用语去表达,例如:表示原因的词组due to the fact that就没有 because来得简单明了。

用语礼貌、委婉,常用被动语态。

例如:We are too heavily committed to be able to entertain fresh orders。

商务现场口译中汉英互译技巧的六要素随着各国之间交流与合作日趋频繁，社会对口译人才的需求日益迫切，口译员已经被政府部门列为紧缺人才之一，商务现场口译员一般都是跟着演讲着，坐在演讲者后面，把演讲者要说的意思按照原意口述给其他人，但是在商务会议中，多多少少会遇到各类问题，比如说文化方面，那么如何才能做到汉英一致的翻译呢，北京世纪英信翻译为大家介绍汉英互译的技巧：1、英语是静态语言，汉语是动态语言例：The meeting is a success.这次会开得好。

2、英语被动句多于汉语例：She was asked 10 questions in the interview.面试时问了她十个问题。

3、英语多复合长句，汉语多简单短句例：I am happy to think that there will be no difficulty in finding plenty of people whose loss will be a distinct gain to society at large.4、英语多用代词，汉语少用代词例：He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life，risen above it，and despised it in others.他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失败，并且藐视别人的失败。

5、英语重物称，汉语重人称例：A wave of cigar smoke accompanied David in.大卫进门时，带来一缕雪茄烟雾。

6、英语重形合，汉语重意合例：It was quite late when she got back，nearly eleven o’clock in the evening.她回来时已经很晚，将近晚上十一点了。

英语商务信函和合同中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译本文发表于《第七届全国国际商务英语研讨会论文集》，对外经济贸易大学出版社，2006年，154-159本文摘要：被动语态是英语商务信函和商务合同重要的语用手段。

在商务信函中，被动语态使语气委婉、礼貌，在商务信函中，被动语态使合同的语气更客观、公正。

但是，由于汉语的被动形式用得相对较少，而且汉语的委婉、客气、公正这些语气是通过使用表达一定的词语或其他句法结构表示出来，所以在翻译英语商务信函和合同的被动时，一般把被动语态转化为汉语的主动形式，并在措词和结构上加以把握，从而保留原文的语用意义，又使译文通顺流畅。

关键词：商务信函；合同；被动语态；语用意义；翻译Pragmatic Significance and Translation of Passive Voice in English Business Correspondences and Contracts Abstract：The passive voice is an important pragmatic device in English business correspondences and contracts.In business correspondences,the passive voice makes the tone indirect and polite while in contracts,it makes the tone just and objective.In Chinese,the passive voice is not so frequently used as in English.Therefore,the passive voice in English business correspondences and contracts is usually transferred into the active voice in Chinese to make the translation smooth,and its pragmatic effect is maintained by means of diction or commonly-used Chinese structures with the same pragmatic effect.Key words：business correspondence；contract；passive voice；pragmatic significance；translation一、引言自从1938年Charles Morris提出语用学是符号学的一部分之后，不少语言学家都对语用学的定义提出过自己的见解。