英语被动句的翻译

英语中被动句的翻译⽅法（1) 汉语中有被/由/叫/挨/让/给/受/遭等词时,可译成英语被动句.他常被派做这项⼯作. He is often sent to do this work.你叫⾬淋湿了. Have been wetted in the rain.这孩⼦昨天挨来了⼀顿批评. The boy was criticized yesterday.我们的⾐服给汗⽔湿透了. Our clothes were soaked with sweat.东西受潮了. The things have been affected with damp.他们去年遭了灾. They were hit by a natural calamity last year.(2) 不带标记的汉语被动句有些句⼦的主语不是动词的执⾏者,⽽是动作的承受者,结构上是主动的,但含义上确是被动的,英译时⽤被动句处理.历史是⼈民创造的. History is made by the people.这⾸歌是我⼀个朋友谱写的. The song was composed by a friend of mine.这个问题必须予以处理. This matter must be dealt with.这座桥将在今年年底建成.The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year.(3) 汉语某些习语的译法:有些汉语习语,语态上是主动的,但英译时要⽤被动语态,特别是英语中以IT作形式主语的句式.应该说,基本情况是健康的. It should be said that the situation is basically sound.据报,敌⼈当时离那⾥只有⼗⾥.It is reported that the enemy were ten li away.很明显,这计划应当取消. It is obvious that the plan should be scrapped.据谣传,那场事故是由于玩忽职守⽽造成的. It is rumored that the accident was due to negligence.据了解这地⽅有丰富的⾃然资源. It is known that the area is rich in natural resources.有⼈认为 It is considered that-- 普遍认为 It is generally accepted that--据信 It is believed that-- 众所周知 It is well known that据悉 It is learned that 据推测 It is supposed that--据估计 It is estimated that 必须指出 It must be pointed out that可见 It will be seen that 不⽤说 It is understood that⽆可否认 It cannot be denied that 已经证明 It has been proved that可以肯定 It may be confirmed that 可以有把握地说 It may be safely said that⼈们有时会问 It is sometimes asked that ⼈们希望 It is expected that据说 It is said that据报道 It is reported that。

英语被动句的翻译举例英语被动句翻译为汉语时，应根据具体情况灵活掌握。

1. 用“被”、“由”、“受（到）”、“挨”、“得到”、“给”、“叫……给”、“让……（给）”、“是……的”、“为……所”、“加以”等译成汉语的被动句。

例如：1）The door was mended by him.门被他修好了。

/ 门叫（让）他给修好了。

/ 门是他修的。

2）He was praised（表扬）. But we were criticized（批评；责备）.3）The machine is used by many people. 这台机器为（被）许多人所使用。

4）The problem must be studied carefully. 这个问题必须仔细加以研究。

2. 借助句中的状语等做主语，译成汉语的主动句。

例如：1）All kinds of drinks are sold in that supermarket.在那家超市里卖各种各样的饮料。

或：那家超市卖各种各样的饮料。

2）Table tennis is played all over China.中国各地都打乒乓球。

3．按照英语句子的主谓顺序，译成可省“被”字的汉语句。

例如：1）His homework has just been done.他的家庭作业刚做完。

2）The food has been eaten up.食物已吃光了。

4．成汉语的无主句。

例如：1）Soon the news was received.不久就收到了那个消息。

也可译为：不久那个消息就收到了。

2）After a while, many people were seen to run out.过来一会儿，看到许多人跑了出来。

5. 添加“有人”、“人们”、“大家”、“我们”等泛指的主语译成汉语。

或译为“据……”。

例如：1）He was seen to take the book.有人看见他拿走了那本书。

被动句的翻译
科技文章侧重描述和推理，强调客观准 确，所以谓语大量地采用被动语态，以 避免过多的使用第一、第二人称而引起 主观臆断的印象。英语和汉语都有被动 语态，但两种语言在运用和表达上不尽 相同。因此，翻译时必须对被动句做适 当的灵活处理。
被动句的翻译
1、英语中有些着重被动动作的被动句，为突 出其被动意义，可直接译为汉语的被动句，翻 译时最常见的方式是在谓语动词前加“被”。但 过多的使用同一个词会使译文缺乏文采，因而 应根据汉语习惯采用一些其他的方式表达被动 态，如可用：“由”、“给”、“受”、“加以”、 “把”、“使”等。如： The machine tools are controlled by PLC. 机床由可编程控制器控制。
被动句的翻译
The quartz crystal does not vibrate at certain frequency until the voltage is applied. 直到电压加上去以后，石英晶体才会以 某一频率振荡。 Recently some new kinds of steel have been developed in our country. 译：最近，我国研制出一些新钢。
被动句的翻译
People’s life has been improved greatly in recent years.
译：近年来人们的生活得到很大改善。
被动句的翻译
有些原句中没有行为主体，翻译时可增加适当 的主语使译文通顺流畅，如“人们”、“有人”、 “大家”、“我们”等。如： A few years ago it was thought unbelievable that the computer could have so high speed as well so small volume. 几年前人们还认为计算机具有如此高的运行速 度和如此小的体积是一件难以置信的事。

译成被动句
如果原文的被动行为的主体，即逻辑主语（一般 是由by引出的介词短语）的意思是表示人或事 物，强调执行的动作，可译成“受…”“遭…”句式 The lower fields are affected by flooding. 低洼地收到洪灾的影响。 There is little possibility that human beings will be controlled by machines. 人类受机器控制的可能性不大。 The visitor was flattered and impressed. 这位客人受宠若惊，深为感动。

译成被动句
英语的被动句如果强调被动意义，就可以译成“ 被…”或“给..”句式 Her four-year-old daughter Sally was invited to a children’s party. 她的四岁女儿萨利被邀请去参加一个儿童晚会。 Many of these questions would never have been asked if physics itself had not been put to use. 假如物理学本身知识不被应用，许多问题就不会 被提出来。

译成主动句
有时原文有被动的意思，但“被”字在原文没有 逻辑主语，并且不强调被动意义，译文可以直接 把“被”省略，变主动句 At the beginning of this century,a new drilling method was developed. 本世纪初，一种新式钻井法（被）发展起来了 A world decathlon champion is considered to be the strong man in the world. 一名世界十项运动的优胜者（被）视为世界上的 强人

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被动语态的翻译
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英语中以it 做形式主语，以被动语态作谓语，其后跟一个由that引导的主语从句的结构很多。这种结 构在译成汉语时，除把it一律省略外，通常有两种处理方法： 1.在被动语态前加“人们”、“有人”、“我们”、“大家”等词 2.用“据……”等短语译出
2). It is estimated that Americans spend up to five years of their lives in that tedious, stressful but unavoidable process known as waiting. 据估计，美国人一生中, 在乏味而令人厌烦, 却又躲避 不掉的等待上所耗费的时间,竟达五年之多。 英语中这种it做形式主语的被动句型在各类文章中比 比皆是，汉译时一般均按主动结构译出。即将原文中 的主语从句译在宾语的位置上，而把it做形式主语的主 句译成一个独立语或分句。常见的固定结构如：
4) The monkeys were given sweet potatoes by scientists who wanted to attract them to the shore of an island.
科学家们给猴子白薯，想把它们引到海岛的岸边。
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被动语态的翻译
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B . 把被动语态译成汉语主动句 1). His pride must be pinched. 他这股傲气应该打下去。
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被动语态的翻译
1.4 “It+ be+ past participle + that引导的从句”句型的翻译 A. 不加主语 It is hoped that... 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is said that... 据说…… It is supposed that… 据推测…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that… 可以 毫不夸张地说…… It must be admitted that... 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that... 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that… 由此可见……

“受”、“得”等字。

Linda was praised by her teacher. 琳达受到了老师的表扬。
Vitamin C is destroyed when it is overheated． 维生素C受热过度就会被破坏。 The schoolboy was knocked down by a car when crossing the street. 那名男生在穿过街道时被一辆小汽车撞倒了。
It may be safely said that…可以有把握地说…… It must be pointed out that… 必须指出…… It can be clearly seen that…可以清楚地看到…… It should be noted that… 应当指出…… It is felt that…人们感到…… It is thought that… 人们认为…… It is understood that…人们明白…… It is reported that…据报道…… It was estimated that… 据估计…… It has been calculated that…根据计算…… It has been proved that…业已证明…… It is found that…有人发现…… It is asked that…有人会问…… It was so decided that… 就此决定……
英语被动句的翻译技巧
英语被动句的翻译技被动句式. 但英语中被动句语态出现的频率远远高于中文, 尤其是在科技论文中，经常会使用到被动语态。 所以英语中的被动句在转译成汉语时，由于汉 语表达习惯的要求, 应该翻译成汉语的主动句。 具体有以下几种情况。
1. 翻译成汉语的被动句，主要是用“被”、

第四节被动句式的翻译英汉两种语言中都有被动语态，而被动语态使用广泛程度的差异是英语区别于汉语的显著特点之一。

英语中，被动语态的出现是相当普遍的，在科技、政论文章和新闻报导中使用尤为频繁。

因为英语被动结构能给读者以间接、客观、不带个人感情色彩的感觉。

一般被动语态出现多为以下四种情况∶1。

无从说出、无需提及主动者。

When will the new bridge be built?什么时候建新桥?2。

出于某种考虑，无意说出主动者。

Generally it is considered not polite to do so．一般认为这样做是不礼貌的。

3。

强调动作的承受者。

The room was cleaned by a little girl．房间是一个小女孩打扫的。

4。

为了上下文的衔接和句子连贯。

Students asked a lot of questions．Most of them have been settled satisfactorily．学生们问了好多问题。

大部分问题已经圆满解决了。

相比之下，被动语态在汉语中的使用范围要小得多。

因而，用中文被动结构来翻译英文被动结构的情形并不很多。

许多时候用中文的被动句有意保留英文的被动结构并非恰到好处，反倒应当译成主动句式。

例如，Attention has been paid to the new measures to prevent corrosion．(已经注意到采取防腐新措施。

)英文句子按语法要求必须得有主语，而汉语不一定要有主语。

究竟谁“注意到”没有必要说出。

这样，英文的被动结构换成中文的主动句式更通俗、自然。

但是，A lot of houses were damaged in the earthquake．(许多房屋在地震中遭到破坏。

) 这句英文的被动结构在中文里保留了下来，按照中文的理解，这里使用被动结构更突出了“地震”造成的危害。

中国在四千年前发明了指南针。
------这种译法适合于描写或说明事物的句子， 并且句子带有介词引பைடு நூலகம்的地点状语或其他形 式的状语，此时我们就可以把状语译成主语。
2.将英语的被动句译成汉语的判断句
汉语中常用“……是……的”这一句式来说明人 和事物的客观情况。这种结构在语义上往往 具有被动的含义，可以与英语的被动结构相 沟通。 e.g. My first twenty years were spent in China.
4.2 译成汉语中带有“遭”“遭到”“遭 受”“让”“叫”等表示被动的句子 e.g. They were hit by a great earthquake last month.
他们上个月遭受了一次大地震。 -------这种译法既可以用来翻译该动作对动作主体 不利的句子，也可以用来翻译对动作主体有利的 句子。
发现错误一定要改正。 -------从句与主句同一主语，可译成一句。
e.g. Attention should be paid to the study of water pollution.
应该注意对水污染的研究。 -------原句的主语和谓语合译成汉语无主句。
e.g. Water can be shown as containing impurities.
• 1.2 原句中的主语在译文中作宾语（动作 的发出者作主语） E.g. Large quantities of fuel are used by modern industry.
现代工业耗用大量原料。
---- 用 by 引导的介词宾语作主语，这种译 法是把原句的主语翻译成宾语，把原句的 宾语翻译成主语。
我的前20年是在中国度过的。
3.将英语的被动句译成汉语的无主句

主动形式 2The possibility of employing more staff is still under discussion 译文：是否雇佣更多的员工还在研究中
补充1：译为无主句;主语译成宾语
在不知道或者不必说出行为主体时;常常可以发挥汉语译文的优势;把英语的被动 语态译成汉语的无主句 这时;原文的主语译为动词的宾语 1To develop economy; different kinds of talented people should be organized
People of real ability should be especially promoted and given raise 译文：要发展经济应当组织使用各种各样的人才 对那些真正有本事的人;在工
资级别上可以破格提高
2For example; a puter was once used to design a brewery 译文： 例如：曾经利用一台计算机来设计一间啤酒厂
成自己的失败 这些人从不为失败所困扰
2;译成主动句
英译汉时;不少英语的被动句被译成汉语的主动句;使句子更符合汉语的习惯 1Babies and children deprived of love have been known to develop a wide variety of problemsfor example;depression;phticysoiological impairments;and neurotic and psychosomatic difficultiesthat sometimes last a lifetime 译文：大家已经知道;得不到爱的婴儿和儿童会有各种各样的问题;比如说忧郁症; 头痛;生理缺陷;神经病或精神疾病;这些病有时会伴随他们一生

我开始解释，我不可能干得更好，因为我的眼镜已给拿走了。 来自2、“（遭）受到……”
eg: Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world.
我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。
英语中被动语态使用范围很广，凡是不必说出主动者、不愿说出主动者、无从说出主动者或者是为了便于连贯上下文等场合，往往都用被动语态。汉语中虽然也用被动语态，但使用范围要狭窄得多。英语被动语态的句子，译成汉语时，很多情况下都可译成主动句，但也有些可以保持被动语态。
I: 译成汉语主动句
1、原文中的主语在译文中作宾语
eg: By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the
organization.
战争结束时，这个组织拯救了800人。
2、原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语
eg: On their domestic stations events in the Middle East were
dismissed briefly.
在他们国内电台的广播中，中东事件只轻描淡写地报导了一下。
3、译成带表语的主动句
eg: The crew were trained at Eglin Field, Florida.
机组人员是在佛罗里达州埃格林空军基地训练的。
eg: People were chased off the streets by an eight o’clock curfew.
八点钟的宵禁把人们从街道赶走。
eg: The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.

4、将英语的被动句译成汉语的被动句 4. 1译成汉语的“被……”或“给……” The motion is rejected.(动机被否决了) ——原句的主语仍作主语，在行为主体前加“被”字表 示被动。 I started to explain that I could not do my best since my glasses had been taken away from me, but she wouldn't let me finish. (我开始解释，我不可能干得好，因为我的眼镜给拿走了， 但她不准我讲完。) ——句子中主语不变，在谓语前加“给”字表示被动。 4. 2.译成汉语中带有“遭”、“遭到”、“遭受”、 “让”、“叫”等表示被动的句子 . They were hit by a natural calamity last year. (他们去年遭灾了)
5、特殊翻译法 所谓特殊翻译法，是指在某些情况下英语的一 些被动句并不适合套用上述四种模式(方法)来翻 译，翻译时只有先弄懂原句意，再根据汉语的表 述特点，把它译成通顺、可读的汉语句。 She was delivered of a girl （她生了一个女孩。） I was told that she had committed suicide. （我听说她自杀了。） He has been married to a Comrade Yang (他和一位姓杨的同志结了婚。) Dr Smith has been asked to attend the academic discussion (史密斯博上应邀参加了学术研讨会)
英语被动句的翻译
1、将英语的被动句译成汉语的主动句
1. 1原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语 Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid. （水能从液体变成固体） ——原句主语仍作主语，省译“被”字。 The novel "A Dream of Red Mansions" has been translated into many foreign languages. (小说《红楼梦》己经译成许多国文字。) 1. 2.原句中的主语在译文中作宾语(动作的发出者作主语) Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change. （这种化学反应能放出热和光。） ——用“by”引导的介词宾语作主语。 这种译法是把原句的主语翻译成宾语，把原句中的宾 语译成主语。

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被动语态的翻译
1.2 译成主动句
英译汉时，不少英语被动句被译成汉语主动句，使句
子更符合汉语习惯。 Don’t be alarmed if your newborn fails to be startled by loud noises or fails to turn toward sound. 如果你的新生儿听到响声并不吃惊，或者没有把头转 向发出声音的方向，不必慌张。
Late in November, street lights and store windows are decorated with the traditional Christmas colors of red and green. 11月下旬，街灯和商店的橱窗都用红和绿这两种传统的 圣诞节颜色加以装饰。
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被动语态的翻译
2.2 含有被动意义的汉语句子应当译成英语的被动句 这类句子在形式上没有被动标记：有主语有动词，但主语 不是谓语动词动作的执行者，有时主语缺席，但都有被动含义， 英译时应该译成被动语态。例如： 当他了解到需要什么以后就决定申请入会。 When he learned what was required, he decided to apply for membership. 基本建设速度加快，投资环境不断完善。 The capital construction has been accelerated and the environment for investment has been continuously improved.
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被动语态的翻译
二、 汉译英中被动语态的翻译
2.1 带有如 “被”、“受”、“遭”、“给”、“挨”等被动标 记词的汉语句子应该译成英语被动句。 1) 被采访的孩子们的反应是不同的。 Latchkey children who were interviewed reported diverse reactions. 2) 他们认为他们受到了关爱与信任，这种感觉激励了他们的信心。 They felt loved and trusted, and this feeling encouraged them to be self-confident. 3) 我发现昨天英语考试中我作弊的事当天晚上就让我父母知道了。 I found that my cheating in yesterday’s English test was known by my parents that very evening.

科技英语中使用大量的被动语态Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。

而很少说：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine .你们必须注意机器的工作温度。

(1) It has been calculated that only 1/10, 000 part of the energy radiated annually form the sun is taken up by plants. 据计算,太阳每年辐射(到地球上)的能量只有0.01%被植物吸收。

(植物)( 2) It was found that one of the culture dishes in which colonies of the bacteria (细菌群体) were growing had been contaminated by a colony of another organism, a mould of penicillin. 结果发现在一个培养液中正在生长的细菌菌落受到另一种菌落的感染,这种菌落就是青霉菌。

青霉菌菌落感染了一个正在培养液中生长的细菌菌落。

(微生物)(3) The surface of a metal is attacked by various gases in the atmosphere. 金属的表面受到大气中各种气体的侵蚀。

(自然现象)(4) Each of the body systems is regulated in some way by some part of the endocrine system(内分泌系统). 人体的每个系统都在某一方面由内分泌的某一腺体进行调节。

(生理现象)( 5 ) Large quantities of fuel are required by modern industry. 现代工业需要大量的燃料。

英语被动句的翻译英语被动句的翻译1. The oil of the world will have been used up, and man will be using the more convenient power obtained from the splitting of the atom.全世界的⽯油将会⽤尽，⼈们将使⽤从原⼦裂变中获得的这种更为⽅便的动⼒。

2. Since the first test of the atomic bomb the world has learnt the atom can be split and its power can be used.⼈们从第⼀次原⼦弹的测试中知道了原⼦可以分裂，原⼦能可以使⽤。

3. A link-up of computers could mean that a large amount of information will be supplied to anyone who uses the system.将电脑连接起来意味着，使⽤该系统的⼈可以得到⼤量的信息。

4. The expansion of metals on heating must be taken into consideration before a long metal bridge is built.在建造⼀座⼤桥前，必须考虑到⾦属受热膨胀这⼀因素。

5. The Wright brothers were highly praised for having made the first flight in the world.莱特兄弟因为进⾏了世界第⼀次飞⾏⽽为⼈称道。

6. High voltage current is usually carried by overhead wire system so as to prevent living things being electrocuted.为了防⽌⼈畜触电，⾼压电⼀般采⽤⾼架线传送。

被动语态翻译英语中被动语态使用范围很广，凡是在不必或不愿说出或无从说出施动者以及为了便于连贯上下文或者为了强调动作的承受者等场合，往往都用被动语态。

英语被动句的翻译主要有以下几种情况：一、译成汉语主动句。

1．原句中的主语、谓语不变，译文中没有表示被动的标志，如“被、把”字等，形式上是主动句，表达被动意义。

例如：Eg. On Practice has been translated into many foreign languages. 《实践论》已译成许多国家的文字。

Eg. The whole country was armed in a few days. 几天以内，全国就武装起来了。

2．原句中的主语移到谓语之后，译作宾语。

Eg. Another middle school has been set up in our district．我们区又办了一所中学。

Eg. 1，200 people had been saved soldiers in the earthquake. 在地震中，战士们已救出1200人。

3．译成带表语的主动句。

Eg. The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。

Eg. In the old society，women were looked down upon. 在旧社会，妇女们是受歧视的。

4．含主语从句的被动句型译为主动句。

以it作形式主语的英语句子，翻译时常要转为主动形式，有时可加上“有人”、“大家”、“我们” 等不确定主语。

例如：Eg. It is reported that the enemy has been breeding new strains of killer viruses．据报道敌人正在培育新的杀人病毒。

Eg. It is suggested that meeting be put off till next Monday．有人建议会议推迟到下星期一举行。