2 -- Equipment Breakdown Philosophy
- 格式:pdf
- 大小:823.45 KB
- 文档页数:14
B A N Q U E T B E S T P R AC T I C E S I M P L E M E N T A T I O N R E C O R DPlease put a tick if completed 请在完成的项目栏中划对号.COFFEE GARDEN BEST PRACTICES IMPLEMENTATION RECORDPlease put a tick if completed 请在完成的项目栏中划对号.LOBBY LOUNGE BEST PRACTICES TMPTEMENTATION RECORDPlease put a tick if completed 请在完成的项目栏中划对号.Hotel Orientation Schedule of August 2003饭店入职培训计划AUG26 0900-0920 Get to Know You 破冰Training Dept 0930-1120 SLIM Introduction 集团介绍Training Dept1130-1140 EXCOM Introduction 管理人员介绍EXCOM1140-1200 GM Speech 总经理发言QM1300-1330 Warm up Exercise 暖身活动Training Dept1330-1430 Grooming & Hygiene 仪容仪表Training Dept1430-1545 Product Knowledge-Rooms 房务部介绍Room Team1545-1630 Product Knowledge-F&B Service 餐饮部介绍F&B Team1630-1700 Finance Introduction 财务部介绍FC1700-1730 S&M Introduction 销售部介绍DOMAUG27 0900-1010 Customer Delight Program Introduction /Training DeptExcellent Service in Rasa Ria Resort令客人喜出望外计划1020-1100 Employee Handbook 员工手册HRM1100-1200 HR Philosophy 人力资源部介绍HRM1300-1330 Warm up Exercise 暖身活动Training Dept.1330-1500 Fire & Emergency Procedure 紧急措施Chief Engineer1500-1530 Hotel Security 饭店保安Security Manager1540-1620 Telephone Courtesy 电话礼仪Training Dept.1630-1730 Hotel Tour 饭店介绍Training Dept. AUG28 0900-0950 Golden Circle Program 金环计划Christina Lin1000-1050 Strategic Plan 战略计划Training Dept.1100-1200 Vision & Guiding Principle 远景目标Training Dept. AUG29 1300-1330 Team Building 团队合作Training Dept.1330-1400 Shangri-La Food SafetyManagement System 香格里拉食品安全管理体系Hygienist1405-1505 Basic English Training 基础英s文Training Dept. 1510-1630 Product Knowledge Quiz & Feedback 产品知识测试Training Dept.0900-1730 Shangri-La Care I 香格里拉翔I AngelsJOB DESCRIFTIONHOW TO INTRODUCE ITEMS & DISPLAYEach Step must include: Demonstration, Explanation, Questions and asking the Trainee if he/she has any question before they repeat the step by themselves .TASK BREAKDOWNTask: How to introduce salad, dessert and display.Job Title: Waiters/Manager/Assistant/In-charge/HostessHow to introduce items & displayUP-SELLINGUP-SELLINGEach Step must include: Demonstration, Explanation, question and asking the Trainee if he/she has question before they repeat the step by themselves.TASK BREAKDOWNTask: How to Up-sell Job Title: Waiters/Mangers/AssistantIn-charge/HostessUP-SELLING1.B e punctual for work2.M aintain good personal hygiene and grooming3.W ear name tag at all times4.W ear the prescribed uniform5.N o fighting6.N o laughing7.N o standing together8.N o talking together9.N o running10.No gambling11.No yawning12.No picking of noise13.No scratching hair or body14.No arguing15.No smoking16.No cleaning of nails17.No picking of teeth18.No coughing unless into a handkerchief19.No sneezing unless into a handkerchief20.No pushing21.No hands in the pocket22.No staring at guests23.No leaning against the wall24.No sitting on the chair25.No combing of hair26.No eating or chewing27.No drinking28.No personal telephone calls29.No shouting30.No friends or relatives waiting in the restaurantExamples of Courteous Phrases1.W hen greeting a guest:“Good … time of day, Sir/Madam/Mr/Mrs/Ms ”Name of guest2.W hen greeting a group of men and women:“Good… time of day , Ladies and Gentlemen3.W hen leading guest to the table:“This way please. Sir/Madam/Mr /Mrs /Ms…”name of guest4.W hen called by guest:“May I help you Sir /Madam /Mr /Mrs /Ms…”name of guest5.W hen item ordered is not available:“Excuse me , Sir /Madam, your …name of drink/food , Enjoy your drink/food”6.W hen item ordered is not available:“I am sorry , Sir/ Madam…item ordered is not available today . Would you care to have …alternative item instead ”7.W hen checking if guest made a reservation:“Are we holding a reservation in your name , Sir /Madam ”8.W hen you cannot attend to the guest immediately:“I’ll be with you in a moment , Sir /Madam”9.W hen guest thanks you :“My pleasure ”/ “You are most welcome”10.When presenting a check bill to guest :“your check, Sir /Madam”11.When returning change to guest :“your change , Sir /Madam , Thank you very much”12. When bidding guest farewell: “Thank you , Sir /Madam ,have a pleasant/ nice day / evening”12.When answering the telephone:“Good… “Time of day“…”outlet identification e.g. Garden Terrace RestaurantIdentify yourself… speaking“May I help you, please ”Note-Never say “Goodnight Sir/ Madam” when greeting a guest that is comingto patronize your outlet.-Some of the magic words that open all doors are:- “Please”- “Excuse me “- “Pardon me “Qualification of F& B employee:You must be:1.H ealthy:Your job requires you to be in close contact with guests/co-workers and food . You must be healthy to avoid spreading disease and to maintain a good appearance. A healthy waiter looks good and has the energy to perform the job properly.1.健康:我们的工作要求我们与客人、同事,以至食物等频繁接触,我们应保持身体健康,以免疾病传播,每日工作都埯整洁的仪容仪表,一名健康的服务人员不仅令人赏心悦目,而且有足够的精力去从事工作;2.Reliable:Management must be able to depend on you to fulfill the responsibilities to which you were hired.-You must report to work on time-Serve the hotel guests properly-Complete all tasks assigned to you2.诚实/可靠上级需要各位的鼎力协助,完成好工作;-你必须准时到岗-提供客人的高质量的服务-每天完成好分配给你的任务3.Personality:A waiter or waitress should take the initiative to be friendly patient and courteous to guest co-workers and management 3.性格/脾气:一名好的服务人员应当待客/同事/上级友善,耐心,礼貌.4. Co-operation:You must be willing to work with co-workers in a common effort .Towards completing work assigned .You must also adapt to the Hotel policies . 4. 合作/团队精神:你须乐于配合你的同事,发挥团队精神以更好完成工作,对于酒店规章制度应自学遵守;5.Knowledgeable:A good waitress or waiter must learn appropriate serving methods. And how to apply them in a smooth efficient manner . You must have and extensive knowledge of the food items on the menu. 5.知识/技能:一名好的服务人员必须掌握丰富的专业知识/技能,从而在工作中体现高效.6.Attentive: Guests may need their waiter or waitress at any time during the meal, Always concentrate on the job and never leave station unattended. You must be aware of the progress or the meal each table and anticipate needs as they arise. 6.专注的服务:待客服务需细致,周到,热情,请随时留意客人的需求,在工作中表现出乐于助人;Daily Grooming Check ListFemale Hair长发应盘于脑后芭蕾发 French Pleat 法式髻 Hair Net 发网 头发无异味 梳理整齐 天然颜色 Female Face 脸部必须淡而自然 Female Uniform/Attire Skirt/Dress length one 裙子应在双膝以上一英寸 must be worn knee, not torn and the 袜子不可松驰或破烂及颜色正确 Fully buttoned and 制服应熨烫平整并要一一扣好扣子 鞋子必须擦试光亮Jewelry 首饰No rings allowed 不可戴戒指耳环只适用于女性员工,且式样为耳钉只可戴一只式样简单的手表项链不可暴露于衣服外Hotel Identification 酒店名牌名牌需佩戴于制服左方口袋上名牌上无擦痕或褪色 Mate hair 男性头发头发修剪于衣领之上 鬓角不得超过耳中部头发无异味 梳理整齐 天然颜色Male Face 男性的脸Clean shaven 每日修面Male Uniform/Attire 男性制服Ties should be knotted nearly 领带应整齐地戴于脖间只可穿黑袜 neatly pressed 制服应烫平并要扣好鞋子必须擦拭光亮Finger-nails 指甲指甲不可有污染 and well manicured 指甲应每日修剪整齐polish only of natural 只可用自然色的指甲油pin on collar or 服务胸针需佩戴于衣领翻领上Manager to wear Tag as well宾客服务行政级和高级宾客 服务经理级均需佩戴名牌 General Remarks:Check by: Mgr/Asst.Mgr Captains on duty: Date/Time:仪容仪表及卫生标准Grooming & Hygiene StandardAnswer phones✧Hold the phone within it rings 3 times电话铃响3声内须接听✧Speak softly, distinctly with proper speed说话声音柔和, 语速适中, 吐词清晰✧Tell resta urant’s name , Let him/her know if there is any mistakes of dialing如果言语不便沟通, 请寻求相应的人帮助✧Ask his/her name and give proper address询问客人姓名, 给予适当称呼✧Listen carefully and avoid asking him/her repeatly仔细聆听, 避免叫客人过多重复EXAMPLE:” NI HAO, COFFEE GARDEN, MICHAEL SPEAKING, MAY I HELP YOU ”“WOULD YOU PLEASE LET LOUISE ANSWER THE PHONE ”“YES, A MOMENT PLEASE, SIR”…。
2024北京高中合格考英语(第一次)考生须知1.考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。
2.本试卷共10页,四道大题(共100分)。
3.试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。
选择题必须用2B铅笔作答;非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。
4.考试结束后,考生应将试卷和答题卡按要求放在桌面上,待监考员收回。
一、听力理解(共25小题;每小题1分,共25分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1分,共20分)听下面十段对话或独白,从每题所给的 A、B、C三个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第1段材料,回答第1题。
1. What will the speakers do tomorrow?A. Go fishing.B. Go swimming.C. Go boating.听第2段材料,回答第2题。
2. What did the man get for his birthday?A. A basketball.B. A phone.C. A watch.听第3 段材料,回答第3题。
3. What’s the weather like now?A. Cloudy.B. Rainy.C. Sunny.听第4段材料,回答第4题。
4. Where is the woman going on holiday?A. In China.B. In France.C. In Britain.听第5段材料,回答第5题至第6题。
5. Who is going to meet the man at the airport?A. His sister.B. His parents.C. His friend.6. Where will the woman go from the airport?A. To her home.B. To a supermarket.C. To her mother’s office.听第6段材料,回答第7题至第8题。
商务英语常用单词和短语Acontactphonenumber联系电话Acoupleof一些Adirectflight直飞航班Afour-starhotel四星级宾馆Achievev.完成,取得Acousticsn.音响效果Adequateadj.足够的Advertisingn.广告Agendan.日程安排Agreeon同意Airletter航空信Airportgiftshop机场礼品商店Alarmsystem警报系统Aspirinn.阿司匹林Assemblyline生产线Assessv.评估Assessmentn.评估Assumev.假定为Attachv.贴上Attendancen.出席Attituden.态度Audiencen.听众Auditv.审核Bekeenon喜欢Beresponsiblefor Bearnorelationwith和。
没有关系Betv.打赌Boardroom董事会会议室Bookingreference预定记录Booklet小册子Bottom底端Bowlingn.保龄球Braken.刹车Byallmeans好的,当然可以Calculatorn.计算器Campaignn.运动Carry-onn.继续Casestudy案例研究Cashcard现金卡Cashflow资金流动Cashmachine提款机Cashiern.收银员Catalogue产品目录Combinationn.组合Comeout总计,共达Comedyn.喜剧Commerce商业Commissionn.佣金Companion同伴Companyprofile公司介绍Compatibleadj.可兼容的Competitionn.竞争Competitive竞争的Connectionn.连接Consequencen.结果Considerablyadv.很,颇,相当Consistof由什么组成Constrainn.约束Consultantn.顾问Consultationn.咨询Containern.集装箱Continuouslyadv.连续的Contract合同Couriern.送信件的人Courierservice特派服务Creditn.信用贷款Creditcard信用卡Criminaln.罪犯Cuisine烹调Currentaccount活期帐户Currentlyadv.目前的Curriculumvitae履历Cutback削减Dimensionn.尺寸Diploma证书Directselling直销Disciplinev,n.纪律Discountn.折扣Discount折扣Discreetadj.考虑周到的Dishwashern.洗碗机Dispatchv.发货Distributorn.分销商Electroniccircuit集成电路Electronic电子的Eliminatev.消除Elitist杰出人物的一个Emergencyrepairn.紧急维修Employv.雇佣Enlargev.放大Ensurev.保证Ensure保证Entertainmentn.娱乐Experienced有经验的Expirev.到期,届满Extensionn.延伸Extraadj.额外的Extractv.抽出Extremelyadv非常的Eye-catchingadj.引人注目Facilityn.设施Fashionableadj.流行的Fatiguen.疲劳Flexingn.弯曲Footwearn.鞋类商品Forthebenefitof为了。
Clink IIIntegrated Motor Control System•Optimising plant performance, efficiency and productivity •Simplex and redundant configuration possible•Flexibility of communication protocols to higher level systems2To acquire the neccessary level of operationalinformation for appropriate management of today’s process,oil & gas and chemical industries, optimum integration between process and electrical controls is indispensable.Eaton Holec’s integrated Clink system provides plant managers with comprehensive data and opportunities to further optimize plant performance, efficiency andproductivity. Over the past seven years, the Clink II has been3Block diagram of system structure SCU =Starter Control Unit FCU =Feeder Control Unit LCU =Local Control Unit CIU 1=Central Interface UnitCIU 2=Redundant Central Interface Unit RCU =Remote Control Unit=Redundant networkNote:Emergency shut down from the Remote Control Unit is always possible irrespective and independent of Clink II.What is Clink II?After a successful 5-year application period of Clink, an innovated version Clink II has been introduced to meet future market requirements.Although the principle of protection has not been changed, a number of important alterations and additions have been effectuated, viz.:•The flexibility of communication with ‘higher level’systems (such as DCS, SCADA, etc.) has been extended to Modbus, Profibus, Control Net, Data Highway Plus, Ethernet TCP/IP , etc.•Due to growing safety requirements, process industries demand an ever increasing degree of system reliability and availability. For that reason,Clink II has now been equipped with a redundant communication link. However, for less demanding fields of application there is the opportunity to use Clink II as a simplex system.•For internal communication the open networkstandard DeviceNet is used. This has the advantage that also frequency controllers, automatic transfer switching logic and other devices supporting DeviceNet can be simply implemented and configured via one and the same network.System structureAs shown in the above diagram, three levels can be distinguished:•Process control levelThis level is usually governed by a DCS, a PLC or a SCADA system. The process controller controls the entire process, of which the control of motor drives often form an essential part.•Switchgear levelOn this level the Clink II system, being an integral part of the Capitole 40 Motor Control Centre,autonomously protects and monitors all motors and switchgear. In addition, the SCU controls the motor starter in accordance with process control demands.•Field levelHere, the motors are situated, usually fitted with a safety switch for remote control. Emergency shut down and/or motor control from the Remote Control Unit - hard-wired to the motor starter - is possible irrespective and independent of Clink II.5The unit possesses 8 digital inputs and 8 digital outputsto indicate, e.g., the status of circuit breaker and switch-disconnector. In addition the module’s digital outputsenable functions such as closing or opening the circuitbreaker or resetting the circuit breaker after a trip.•Automatic restart after mains failureThe Over/Under function determines whether the valuesof voltage, current and power have fallen below or haveexceeded the set level.With this function the maximum and minimum values of-Voltage-Current-Current demand-Active power-Reactive power-Apparent power-Active power demandcan be defined. To evaluate, for example, peak demandor minimum load over a new period of time the valuescan be reset.FCU standard functions•Voltage•Current•Power factor•Power•FrequencyFrom these measurements a great number ofvalues can be derived, such as:-Voltage between phases and between phaseand neutral (V)-Current through phases and neutral (A)-Current demand (A)-Active power (kW)-Active power demand (kW)-Reactive power (kVAr)-Apparent power (kVA)-Active energy import (kWh)-Active energy export (kWh)-Reactive energy import (kVArh)-Reactive energy export (kVArh)-Apparent energy (kVAh)Starter Control Unit (SCU)For protection, monitoringFeeder Control Unit (FCU)For measurement andCentral Interface Unit (CIU)An interface which providesLocal Control Unit (LCU)A user interface.Clink II configurationsClink II basic systemThe basic version of Clink II is not equipped with a central interface unit, so that the higher control system, (for example in the form of a PLC) communicates direct with the Clink II DeviceNet network. In that case the Eaton Holec supply solely consists of the Capitole 40 MCC/distribution board with Starter and/or Feeder Control Units and a Local Control Unit. The basic Clink II configuration is available in both simplex and redundant design.Clink II with CIUWith this version, Clink II is provided with a central interface unit which enables communication between the Distributed Control System and Clink II via numerous protocols such as:•Modbus•Profibus•ControlNet•Data Highway Plus•Ethernet TCP/IPetc.The CIU-version is also available in the simplex or redundant configuration.Local Control UnitThe Local Control Unit is a Windows based PC giving the user full access for control, monitoring and protection settings, as well as for retrieval of the required data. The LCU interface is directly linked to the DeviceNet, making use of an RS 232 converter, DeviceNet card or Ethernet Link.RedundancyThe philosophy of redundancy is, that at the moment of a failure the breakdown of equipment is reduced to a minimum. For Clink II this means that the occurrence of any fault results worst case in loss of control of one Starter Control Unit/Feeder Control Unit, i.e. one motor starter/feeder.Increased availabilityThe availability of the complete system is highly increased with a dual network, e.g. consisting of a redundant CIU, a redundant DeviceNet communication link and redundant fully transparent serial links to all Starter Control and Feeder Control Units.Availability and flexibility of Clink II is further increased by using different power supplies for the Starter Control and Feeder Control Units and the DeviceNet communication network.Principle diagram of Clink II basic system in both simplex and redundant configuration.= redundant DeviceNet communication link.Principle diagram of Clink II system with CIU in both simplex and redundant configuration.= redundant CIU and DeviceNet communication link.67Other Eaton Holec deliveriesBesides Clink II and Capitole 40Besides Capitole 40 MCC/switchboards and Clink II Integrated Motor Control Systems Eaton Holec delivers SCADA and EWS systems.SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition)From a supervisory point of view SCADA systems are of a higher level than PLC systems, i.e. they can control lower-level systems. For example, a SCADA system can give a starting command to a pumping device. However, the most important task of a SCADA system, the acquisition, is the retrieval and processing of data; processing in the sense of a dynamic presentation on a display unit or the creation of accounts or data files.EWS (Engineering Work Stations)EWS (usually based on a PC) is often applied on (sub)station level. The system is coupled to the Integrated Motor Control System and/or feeder relays by means of a serial link. With EWS it is possible to verify or, if required, change the IMCS/feeder relay settings. Verification of measured IMCS/feeder relay values is also possible.= SCADA & EWS systemsoptional deliveries of Eaton Holec.Eaton Industries (Netherlands) B.V. P.O. Box 237550 AA HengeloThe NetherlandsTel.:+31 (0)74 - 246 40 10Fax:+31 (0)74 - 246 40 25***********************Due to continuous research and develop -ment policy Eaton reserves the right to make changes in design and specifications of the products without prior written notice.© 2011 Eaton CorporationAll rights reserved.Form. 1993155G0101April 2011Eaton's Electrical Sector is a global leader in power distribution, power quality, control and automation, and monitoring products. When combined with Eaton's full-scale engineering services, these products provide customer-driven PowerChain™ solutions to serve the power system needs of the data center, industrial, institutional, public sector, utility, commercial, residential, IT, mission critical, alternative energy and OEM markets worldwide. PowerChain™ solutions help enterprises achieve sustainable and competitive advantages through proactive management of the power system as a strategic, integrated asset throughout its life cycle, resulting in enhanced safety, greater reliability and energy efficiency. For more information, visit /electrical.。
Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) analysis Presentation for the Reliability Board设备及仪表故障平均周期分析November 19th, 2010Structure of the presentationIntroduction of MTBF analysis MTBF分析的介绍Execution of MTBF analyses in the four plants四个工厂所作的MTBF分析 MTBF analysis results:MTBF分析的:summary DT洞庭MTBF分析结果概况comparison of four sites四个现场MTBF分析结果的比较Generic recommendations from the MTBF studies:MTBF研究从如下几个方面提出建议Maintenance philosophy维修策略Condition monitoring状态监测Spare parts备品备件Discussion on specific bad actors关注讨论特殊的坏的因数Purpose of a MTBF analysis is to find out what to do to avoid unplanned shutdowns due to failing equipment. It is a structured way of assessing the performance of equipment and provides quantitative information.MTBF分析的目的就是找出我们怎么做可以避免因失效设备所导致的非计划停车,它是一种结构性的方法,分析评估设备性能和提供量化的信息。
On basis of maintenance records, equipment cards or other information (e.g. memory of operators/maintenance staff) it is retrieved how often equipment fails in a certain period, normally several years, and how much time is required to get failed equipment back in operation again.它主要基于维修的记录,设备位号和其它信息(操作与维修人员的记忆),在某一阶段设备失效的频率,通常几年,要求多长时间能恢复生产。
高考英语名词性词组一、教育类scope of knowledge 知识面comprehensive knowledge 广博的知识distance education 远程教育multimedia teaching 多媒体教学solid professional working experience 扎实的职业工作经验vocational education 职业教育stress-related illness 与压力有关的疾病the cultural diversity 文化的多元性vocational guidance 职业指导vocational training 职业训练exam-oriented education 应试教育education for all-round development 全面发展教育fake diplomas 假文凭compulsory education 义务教育quality Education 素质教育rote learning 死记硬背student-oriented education 以学生为主体的教育bias of culture 文化偏见cradle of culture文化摇篮mainstream culture主流文化system of education教育体制二、语言类intellectual development 智力发展thinking capacity 思考能力universal language 世界语linguistic studies 语言学研究a means of communication 一种交流工具mechanical translation 机械翻译verbal communication 口头交流grammatical rules 语法规则a complex progress 一个复杂过程an unrealistic dream 一个不切实际的梦想comprehensive knowledge 全面的知识face-to-face communication 面对面交流artificial intelligence 人工智能easy accessibility 易于操作speedy communication 快速的交流language acquisition 语言习得precious gift 宝贵的礼物mission impossible 不可能的任务三、文化类cultural insights 文化视角a thrilling experience 一种令人激动的经历scope of knowledge 知识面lasting artistic works 永恒的艺术作品direct experience 直接经验spiritual enhancement 精神升华a sense of cool and satisfaction 一种惬意的感觉an essence of immortality 永恒的精髓value of knowledge 知识的价值cultural differences 文化差异性cultural diversity 文化多元化cultural treasures 文化宝藏cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流cultural reconstruction 文化重建spiritual civilization 精神文明achievements of art 艺术成就humane historical sites 人文历史遗址high-rise office buildings 高层写字楼city construction 城市建设visual enjoyment 视觉享受driving force 驱动力architectural industry 建筑工业city designing 城市设计architectural vandalism 破坏建筑行为cultural needs 文化需求四、媒体类right to know 知情权information era 信息时代1audience/viewers 观众information-explosion society 信息爆炸的社会various thrilling programs 各种各样激动人心的节目poor-quality programs 低质量节目electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射psychological illnesses 心理疾病global village 地球村second-hand information 二手信息critical thinking 批判性思维powerful means of communication 有力的交流工具main cause 主因family attachment 家庭归属感mutual understanding 相互了解alienation of affection 感情疏远generation gap 代沟a great deal of information 大量的信息emotional bond 感情纽带physical and mental health 身心健康unwholesome lifestyle不健康的生活方式exchanges of feelings 感情交流五、工作类flow of personnel 人才流动mechanism of personnel flow人才流动机制survival of the fittest 适者生存a sense of accomplishment 成就感company philosophy 企业文化team-work spirit 团队合作精神a fat salary 收入颇丰a harmonious interpersonal relationship 和谐的人际关系a sense of responsibility 责任感material gains 物质待遇promising future 光明的前途bright prospect 光明的前景a challenging job 一份具有挑战性的工作turning point 转折点a decent job 一份体面的工作chance of promotion升迁机会stability and satisfaction 稳定感和满足感balance work and life 平衡工作和生活from-nine-to-five 朝九晚五一族a well-paid job 高收入工作creative work 创造性工作a sense of self-fulfilment 自我实现感promotion opportunity 提升机会social recognition 社会认可ideal workplace 理想工作场所working environment 工作环境六、交通类automobile industry 汽车工业pollution-free fuel 无污染燃料chronic lead poisoning 慢性铅中毒popularization of cars 汽车普及rush hour 上下班高峰时间zebra crossing 斑马线non-renewable resources 不可再生资源carbon dioxide 二氧化碳a pillar industry 支柱产业road networks 公路网traffic engineering 交通运输工程the number of car ownership 汽车拥有量traffic accidents 交通事故speed limits 限速major cause 主要原因七、社会类tertiary industry 第三产业traffic congestion 交通拥挤water scarcity 水短缺the environmental pollution 环境污染over-industrialization 过度工业化over-crowdedness 过度拥挤wealth distribution 财富分配social instability 社会动荡urban construction 城市建设population explosion 人口激增a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升drain of energy and resources 能源和资源消耗2a rapid pace of life 快节奏生活stress-related illnesses 与压力有关的疾病high cost of living 高额生活费用pastoral life 田园生活class polarization 阶级两极分化social welfare 社会福利urban sprawl 城市扩张convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具better medical services 更好的医疗服务pressure of modern life in city 城市生活压力melting pot 熔炉pollutant 污染性物质waste disposal 废物处理ways of consumption 消费方式city planners 城市规划者a feasible measure 一种可行的措施vicious cycle 恶性循环八、动物保护类test animals 用于实验的动物animal rights 动物权利clinical research 临床研究medical research 医学研究origin of species 物种起源alternative method 替代的方法biological diversity 生物多样性natural balance 自然平衡equilibrium of ecosystem 生态平衡endangered animals 濒危动物diversity of species 物种多样性dominant species 优势物种right to live 生存权life-threatening diseases 危及生命的疾病scientific gains 科学成果computer simulation 电脑模拟medical technology 医疗技术an ever-lasting theme 一个永恒的主题九、科技类advanced science 尖端科学double-edged sword 双刃剑earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的改变energy crisis 能源危机depletion of resources 能源消耗milestone 里程碑sophisticated equipment 尖端设备technical innovation 科技创新expediency 权宜之计scientific invention 科学发明a heated discussion 热烈的讨论exhaust gas 废气opposite forces 负面影响a fatal breakdown 致命故障potential hazards 潜在危险means of transportation 交通方式transportation tools 交通工具social status 社会地位environmentally-friendly resources 环保的能源alternative fuel 可替代燃料sustainable development 可持续性发展scientific exploration 科学探索cure-all solution 万能良药air travel 航空旅行3。
民航英语词汇•Listen to 倾听,聆听•Cabin crew 乘务•Ground crew•Pilot (captain and first officer)•Easy to handle•Bottom line•Sales team•Beat the competition with•Class舱级•Versatility多方面的,多项功能的•Aisle通道、工段•match the market•Business or economy class•Layout安排、布局•Regional flight支线飞行•Turn round time掉头时间•Containerization 装载•LD3=load 3•Standard 标准•wise choice 明智的选择•Proportion 比例•come from•Freight 货物•Underfloor•Container 货柜•aluminum alloy 铝合金•Rugged 结实的,坚固的•Be assembled in 组装•be addressed 提出•structural inspection programs 结构检查程序•commercial jets (商用喷气式飞机•fuel consumption 油耗•conventional electromagnetic instruments传统的电磁仪表•cathode ray tubes阴极射线管(CRT)•conversion cost 改机型费用•flexible and efficient灵活有效•Clearer 更加清楚•market forecast 市场预测•The advent of 。
的到来•Slack 松弛、懈怠、不景气•Reline 大修、重新划线、更换•Commonality 共用化、通用化•Subsonic 亚音速飞机•medium range 中程•offer a choice of 提供选择•Aero 航空的•CFM 普惠发动机•exactly the same dimensions except that 完全相同的尺寸除了。
设备维护的发展历史故障维修预防维护生产力维护以时间为基础的维护状态基础的TPM以状态为基础的维护•Fix it when it broke 出现故障时维修•Higher Plant availability 增强工厂可用性•Longer equipment life 延长机器生命•Lower costs 降低成本•Higher plant availability and reliability 增强工厂可用性和可靠性•Greater safety 提高安全性•Better product quality提高产品质量•No damage to theenvironment 无环境破坏•Longer equipment life 延长机器生命•Greater cost effectiveness 强化成本支出有效性1940195019601970198019902000First Generation 第一阶段Second Generation 第二阶段Third Generation第三阶段设备维护的发展历史维护什么设备(AA,A,B,C)什么部位(故障,质量缺陷…)什么维护方式(BM,IR,TBM,CM,CBM,MP)依据什么基准(5WHY,5W2H)由谁负责实施(维修人员,操作人员,外包)维护的目的维护的目的=在任何需要的时候,对设备性能的充分利用(最大的MTBF,最小的MTTR)最小成本防止故障发生于未然设备生命周期收益最大化自主维护和计划维护消除强制劣化,从而在自然劣化的状态下测定其劣化状态,当劣化已经达到某种程度以上时,则必须彻底使其恢复原状.什么是自然劣化自然劣化:除去人为因素和环境因素,设备在使用过程中,自然损耗的过程什么是强制劣化强制劣化:因错误操作,或没有遵守标准操作条件,而造成对设备或部件的损坏.如使用不正确的工具,用力过大,松动,漏油,缺油,灰尘,污垢等.油位过低维护的基本理念(I)•机器故障是由部件劣化引起的•劣化分强制劣化和自然劣化•消除强制劣化是计划维护的前提•不断消除薄弱点是减少自然劣化,延长设备生命周期的关键CLIT是计划维护的基础谁最了解机器?谁应该对机器承担责任?自主维护是优秀的计划维护体系的前提维护的基本理念(II)故障发生的要因应力超限部件劣化强度不足故障故障发生的要因应力超限零件劣化强度不足基本条件不完备设计制造安装上的内在弱点劣化之放任不遵守操作条件欠缺技术(技能不足)扮演的角色建立设备基本条件建立设备基本状况保持设备操作状况预防设备老化改进设计中薄弱点改进技能零故障的五个对策操作部门维修部门防止尘埃、高温和水汽、振动和冲击的方法建立好的工作环境旋转和滑动部分的防尘和防水方法安装、接管和配线规定和改进执行标准规定和改进部件的操作条件设备操作方法的标准化克服过载操作中薄弱点的对策设计能力和荷载极限的规定2、保持操作条件清洁和润滑标准的准备改进润滑方法润滑;识别润滑点重新紧固;防止松脱的对策设备清洁;消除尘埃来源的对策1、建立基本条件5个基本对策建立备件的标准改进设备的结构,从而易于维修专用工具和夹具的制造组成部件的通用性拆卸、装配、测量和复位方法的标准化建立修理方法研究预测损坏和测量方法的参数研究如何发现异常现象的征兆准备检查,测试和更换的标准规定更换时间限制对每个故障点运用MTBF分析法和估计其使用寿命准备日常检查标准通过物理性检查设备的内在部件和探测损坏部分通过物理性检查普通部件和探测损坏部分探测或预测损坏3、恢复设备的损坏和劣化5个基本对策通过设计免除过多的负荷减轻运动带来的负荷的对策产能等装配强度、磨损阻力、防腐蚀、表面粗糙度,如机械装置、结构、材料、形状和尺寸精度、为了延长使用寿命而改进强度的对策4、改进设计上的缺点5个基本对策(研究引导可视化控制的方法)在过程中发现并修理故障,应用方便改进工具和夹具如何储存备件改进难以鉴别的备件的形状和安装方法分析不正确维修的原因防止不正确的维修操作和调节方法的标准化研究如何引导可视化控制针对防止错误操作的对策互锁系统的附加装置改进控制面板的设计分析不正确操作的原因防止操作过失5-1、防止人为过失5个基本对策安装/调整/探测异常现象的征兆操作/检查/润滑5-3、操作技巧发现并修理故障/分析故障检查/测试(测量)诊断/维修/调整5-2、维护技巧5个基本对策零故障的实现零故障的概念Concept of Zero breakdown 寿命的延长2 (弱点的改善,CM)Life extended 2 (Kaizen on weaknesses) (CM) Forceddeterioration 强制劣化Life extended 1 (restoring forced deterioration ) Breakdown 故障寿命的延长1(强制劣化的复原)Restoration 复原Inspection 检查Standard 标准化TBM 以时间为基础的维护临界点Limit line 预测维护(对劣化的诊断和监测)Predictive maintenancemeasurement diagnosis of deterioration) 时间TimeDegree of deterioration 劣化的程度零故障第一阶段第一阶段:发现造成强制劣化的所有原因,复原和提高(改善)建立设备的基本状态,只允许存在自然劣化的现象。
也就是减少强制劣化,对非控制的劣化现象进行复原和改善。
强制劣化Natural deterioration 自然劣化时间Time Degree of deterioration 劣化的程度Forced Deterioration 关键点1.通过清洁发现异常和功能丧失等现象,然后改进2.污染源的对策3.对小缺陷的发现和改进4.建立设备的基本状态5.对设备操作规范的澄清和坚持第一阶段的典型活动零故障第二阶段第二阶段:设备生命周期的延长虽然我们复原和改进了劣化现象,但如果在设备的设计中本身就存在薄弱环节,我们就需要开展纠正维护活动.我们可以根据生命周期的变化和维护的频率来决定是否需要开始纠正维护活动第二阶段的典型活动Degree of deterioration 劣化的程度时间Time关键点1.改进设计中的薄弱点2.确保设备的防磨损和刚度强度的可靠性能零故障第三阶段第三阶段:对自然劣化方式的摸索维护活动将只针对自然劣化(时间性老化)的部件开展,设备的每一个部件都会在应力作用下随着时间的推移产生自然劣化现象.然而,我们现有的技术能力是无法很好地捕获这一现象的.时间TimeDegree of deterioration 劣化的程度关键点:1.对自然劣化的时间变化趋势的追踪研究2.劣化现象的物理分析3.通过测定劣化的程度,掌握劣化与产品质量之间的关系TBM TBM Forced Deterioration TimeKaizen onweaknesses (CM)Natural Deterioration Change parts though still usefulSevere wear but change before breakdown Too late, breakdownChange parts on schedule Limit Line Tendency to replace at safer frequency thus wastage.Possibility of abnormal wear which is dangerous.标准化和以时间为基础的维护活动的开展时间薄弱点的改善(CM)自然老化强制性老化按时间计划更换部件太晚了,造成故障临界线部件虽然还能使用,但还是更换部件严重磨损,但在故障前更换在安全频率内更换会造成浪费, 但可能的异常磨损会造成危险零故障第四阶段第四阶段:对量化参数的追踪和研究在确认劣化方式之后,接下来我们就应该找出可以测定劣化程度的参数和物理量.这时候我们需要诊断技术.我们将采用各种不同的传感器和诊断仪器.关键点1.在劣化方式中选择参数2.选择对这些参数的测量方法3.衡量劣化现象的出现与物理量的关系, 如尺寸的变化,运动时的振动,当前耗电,电压,温度,磁变化等等零故障第五阶段第五阶段:预测维护活动的开展在开展以时间为基础的维护活动之后,我们是有可能实现设备零故障的,然而如果我们要实现设备生命周期的最大化,就必须引入预测维护技术Degree of deterioration 劣化的程度时间TimeRestoration 复原诊断Diagnosis 第五阶段的典型活动CBMTimeLimit LineForcedDeterioration Kaizen onweaknesses (CM)NaturalDeteriorationPrediction Standard InspectionAble to set a standard as near the limit lineas possible if diagnosis is reliable thus most economical method.It all depends on diagnostic techniques. Diagnosis error is very dangerous .时间自然老化薄弱点的改善(CM)强制性老化检查标准化预测临界线如果通过诊断能使设定的标准越接近临界线,就是越经济的方法. 这完全依赖于诊断技术,诊断中的失误是非常危险的.迈向零故障的历程故障分析(应力—强度模式)①承受超过系统强度的异常力量(应力的放任)②系统的强度减弱而无法胜任加工时的应力(劣化的进行)③内部含有原来设计、制造时的弱点(强度不足)迈向零故障的5项对策①基本条件的整备②遵守使用条件③劣化的复原④改善设计上的弱点⑤提升运转操作与保养的技术能力迈向零故障的5个步骤①排除强制劣化要因并将其复原改善②延长设备的固有寿命③追求自然劣化的型态④探索各种劣化参数⑤实施预知维护建立自主维护体系建立专门维护体系①初期清洁②发生源、困难部位的对策③清扫给油基准的作成④总点检⑤自主检查⑥标准化⑦自主管理①现状的分析②劣化的复原改善③暂行基准的作成④品质功能的总点检⑤点检整备效率化⑥预知维护的实施⑦水平展开自主维护7大步骤计划维护7大步骤实施活动的阶段具体迈向零故障活动方法分析要因分析方法思考的阶段故障分析。